Статті в журналах: "Highland complex"

1

Bluck, B. J. "The Highland Boundary Fault and the Highland Border Complex." Scottish Journal of Geology 46, no. 2 (October 22, 2010): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0036-9276/01-411.

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2

Lindo, John, Randall Haas, Courtney Hofman, Mario Apata, Mauricio Moraga, Ricardo A. Verdugo, James T. Watson, et al. "The genetic prehistory of the Andean highlands 7000 years BP though European contact." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau4921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4921.

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The peopling of the Andean highlands above 2500 m in elevation was a complex process that included cultural, biological, and genetic adaptations. Here, we present a time series of ancient whole genomes from the Andes of Peru, dating back to 7000 calendar years before the present (BP), and compare them to 42 new genome-wide genetic variation datasets from both highland and lowland populations. We infer three significant features: a split between low- and high-elevation populations that occurred between 9200 and 8200 BP; a population collapse after European contact that is significantly more severe in South American lowlanders than in highland populations; and evidence for positive selection at genetic loci related to starch digestion and plausibly pathogen resistance after European contact. We do not find selective sweep signals related to known components of the human hypoxia response, which may suggest more complex modes of genetic adaptation to high altitude.

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3

Dentith, M. C., A. Trench, and B. J. Bluck. "Geophysical constraints on the nature of the Highland Boundary Fault Zone in western Scotland." Geological Magazine 129, no. 4 (July 1992): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800019506.

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AbstractPreviously published models of gravity anomalies across the Highland Boundary Fault in western Scotland interpret this structure as a high-angle reverse fault. These gravity anomalies have been re-interpreted in the light of more extensive gravity data now available, and new density data from the Highland Border Complex. The new data suggest that earlier interpretations have overestimated the fault anomaly and used over-simplified density models. New gravity models of the Highland Boundary Fault Zone are presented which show that the interface between the Dalradian and Highland Border Complex dips to the northwest at an angle of about 20°. We interpret the contact between these two formations as a thrust fault. The interface between the Highland Border Complex and the Lower Old Red Sandstone is shown to be vertical as suggested by surface geology, with the latter rocks a few hundred metres thick.

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4

Shaw, Ben, Judith H. Field, Glenn R. Summerhayes, Simon Coxe, Adelle C. F. Coster, Anne Ford, Jemina Haro, et al. "Emergence of a Neolithic in highland New Guinea by 5000 to 4000 years ago." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (March 2020): eaay4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4573.

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The emergence of agriculture was one of the most notable behavioral transformations in human history, driving innovations in technologies and settlement globally, referred to as the Neolithic. Wetland agriculture originated in the New Guinea highlands during the mid-Holocene (8000 to 4000 years ago), yet it is unclear if there was associated behavioral change. Here, we report the earliest figurative stone carving and formally manufactured pestles in Oceania, dating to 5050 to 4200 years ago. These discoveries, at the highland site of Waim, occur with the earliest planilateral axe-adzes in New Guinea, the first evidence for fibercraft, and interisland obsidian transfer. The combination of symbolic social systems, complex technologies, and highland agricultural intensification supports an independent emergence of a Neolithic ~1000 years before the arrival of Neolithic migrants (Lapita) from Southeast Asia.

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5

Dempster, T. J., and B. J. Bluck. "The age and tectonic significance of the Bute amphibolite, Highland Border Complex, Scotland." Geological Magazine 128, no. 1 (January 1991): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800018069.

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AbstractSm–Nd and K–Ar isotopic determinations on an amphibolite from the Highland Border Complex yield Cambrian ages. Collisional events which might have generated the amphibolite appear incompatible with the passive margin character of Laurentia at that time. A possible explanation is that the part of the Highland Border Complex containing the amphibolite and associated rock units was generated outside Laurentia.

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6

TANNER, P. W. GEOFF, and STUART SUTHERLAND. "The Highland Border Complex, Scotland: a paradox resolved." Journal of the Geological Society 164, no. 1 (January 2007): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492005-188.

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7

Bulayeva, Kazima, Elizabeth Marchani, Olga Kurbatova, Scott Watkins, Oleg Bulayev, and Henry Harpending. "Genetic bottleneck among daghestan highlanders migrating to lowlands." Open Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0067-1.

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AbstractWe present results of Short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) analysis and epidemiology study of indigenous ethnic highlanders of Daghestan and of the migrants from highlands to the lowland area in 1944, in comparison with native lowlanders. Results obtained show that demographically ancient highland ethnics have achieved a relatively stable equilibrium in their native environment and are characterized by optimal level of the main viability parameters (fertility, mortality, lifespan and morbidity). Migrants from highlands to the lowlands experienced dramatically increased morbidity and mortality in 1944–1947: up to 65–70% of total migrants had suffered malaria, typhus and other new infections and about 35–37% of total migrants had died. Genetic-epidemiological study support that non-survived migrants were characterized by a higher inbreeding rate, lower heterozygosity and higher physiological sensitivity to the environmental stress. This inter-connected complex had advantage for adaptation of the highlanders to the native environment but diminished their adaptability in the new and/or changing environment. A detailed study using STRP we performed in 1995–1999 in one highland isolate of ethnic Avars of whom about 50% were moved to the lowland area. We found significant differences in genetic and demographical structures between these highland and migrant parts of the isolate: the genetic bottleneck among migrants had a great qualitative and quantitative impact on their gene pool, i.e., lost of rare native population alleles, as well as of about 1/3 of total migrants with certain genotypes. Survived migrants demonstrate shorter lifespan and higher morbidity rate that support their still ongoing genetic adaptation to the lowland environment.

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8

Siraj, Amir S., Menno J. Bouma, Mauricio Santos-Vega, Asnakew K. Yeshiwondim, Dale S. Rothman, Damtew Yadeta, Paul C. Sutton, and Mercedes Pascual. "Temperature and population density determine reservoir regions of seasonal persistence in highland malaria." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1820 (December 7, 2015): 20151383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1383.

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A better understanding of malaria persistence in highly seasonal environments such as highlands and desert fringes requires identifying the factors behind the spatial reservoir of the pathogen in the low season. In these ‘unstable’ malaria regions, such reservoirs play a critical role by allowing persistence during the low transmission season and therefore, between seasonal outbreaks. In the highlands of East Africa, the most populated epidemic regions in Africa, temperature is expected to be intimately connected to where in space the disease is able to persist because of pronounced altitudinal gradients. Here, we explore other environmental and demographic factors that may contribute to malaria's highland reservoir. We use an extensive spatio-temporal dataset of confirmed monthly Plasmodium falciparum cases from 1995 to 2005 that finely resolves space in an Ethiopian highland. With a Bayesian approach for parameter estimation and a generalized linear mixed model that includes a spatially structured random effect, we demonstrate that population density is important to disease persistence during the low transmission season. This population effect is not accounted for in typical models for the transmission dynamics of the disease, but is consistent in part with a more complex functional form of the force of infection proposed by theory for vector-borne infections, only during the low season as we discuss. As malaria risk usually decreases in more urban environments with increased human densities, the opposite counterintuitive finding identifies novel control targets during the low transmission season in African highlands.

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9

Tanner, P. W. G. "New evidence that the Lower Cambrian Leny Limestone at Callander, Perthshire, belongs to the Dalradian Supergroup, and a reassessment of the ‘exotic’ status of the Highland Border Complex." Geological Magazine 132, no. 5 (September 1995): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800021142.

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AbstractThe Lower Cambrian Leny Limestone at Callander in Scotland lies within a sequence of palecoloured grits and dark slates (here named the Keltie Water Grit Formation (KWGF)) which has lithological similarities with members of the Highland Border Complex (HBC) (Ordovician) seen elsewhere along the Highland Border. The Keltie Water Grit Formation has a transitional boundary with a grit-slate sequence of undoubted Dalradian parentage; as the ‘Leny Grits’ of previous workers include both the KWGF and part of the Dalradian sequence, this term is now rendered invalid. The entire sequence youngs upwards from the Dalradian to the top of the overlying Keltie Water Grit Formation, shares the same structural sequence and geometry, and has the same facing and vergence direction on the main cleavage. All field and petrographic data are consistent with a minimum age of post-early Cambrian for the Grampian event, the main orogenic event to affect the Dalradian. Examination of critical sections elsewhere across the Highland Border shows that there is an apparently consistent stratigraphical and structural relationship between the Highland Border Complex and the Dalradian which, as suggested by some previous workers, would require the Grampian event to be post-Arenig in age. However, we are faced with a so-far unresolved paradox that there are certain palaeontological and radiometric data which are in conflict with this conclusion, and support the alternative hypothesis that the Highland Border Complex docked with the Dalradian in post-Ordovician times.

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10

Bonatz, Dominik, John David Neidel, and Mai Lin Tjoa-Bonatz. "The megalithic complex of highland Jambi: An archaeological perspective." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 162, no. 4 (2008): 490–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003664.

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The highlands of Sumatra remain one of the most neglected regions of insular Southeast Asia in terms of history and archaeology. No comprehensive research program incorporating both a survey and excavations within a defined geographical or environmental zone has been carried out there since Van der Hoop (1932) conducted his study of the megaliths on the Pasemah plateau in the 1930s. Meanwhile, Van der Hoop’s investigations and several other archaeological research activities at places such as northwest Lampung (McKinnon 1993), Pasemah (Sukendar and Sukidjo 1983-84; Caldwell 1997; Kusumawati and Sukendar 2000), Kerinci (Laporan 1995a, 1996a), and the Minangkabau heartland (Miksic 1986, 1987, 2004) have placed special emphasis on the megalithic remains. As a result, the megaliths are by far the bestknown archaeological attraction of the Sumatran highlands.

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11

Ethington, R. L., and R. L. Austin. "Conodonts of the Dounans Limestone, Highland Border Complex, Scotland." Journal of Micropalaeontology 10, no. 1 (August 1, 1991): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.10.1.51.

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Abstract. A meager collection of conodonts recovered from the Dounans Limestone near Aberfoyle, Perthshire, consists for the most part of species with North American affinities. This fauna reaffirms correlation of the Dounans with part of Zone J (Cassinian) of the biostratigraphic succession in western United States. The conodonts indicate that the Dounans is equivalent to part of the zone of Didymograptus nitidus (middle Arenig) in the graptolite sequence for the Ordovician.

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12

Ingham, J. Keith, Gordon B. Curry, and Alwyn Williams. "Early Ordovician Dounans Limestone fauna, Highland Border Complex, Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 76, no. 4 (1985): 481–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010671.

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ABSTRACTA diverse, but sparsely distributed silicified fauna of over 30 taxa has been recovered from 7·5 tonnes of acid-etched Lower Ordovician Dounans Limestone from the Highland Border Complex, near Aberfoyle. The 13 trilobite taxa obtained include 3 new formally named species: Distazeris adoceta, Punka aetholiciocorus and Ischyrotoma stubblefieldi. Other elements, representing Carolinites, Illaenus, Goniotelina, Sycophantia, Kawina, Heliomeroides, Strotactinus, Ectenonotus, Ceratocephala and an indeterminate bathyurelline are described under open nomenclature although at least 4 are also probably new and 2 more may be conspecific with previously described species. The brachiopods include representatives of Archaeorthis, Nothorthis, Orthidium, ?Camerella, Idiostrophia, Orthambonites and 4 other indeterminate stocks. Gastropods tentatively assigned to Murchisonia, Subulites, Straparollina, Maclurites and Cyrtodiscus are described, as are bryozoans, an orthocone, crinoids, and Incertae sedis.This profoundly North American fauna is Late Canadian ( = mid Arenig) in age and equates with the Cassinian Stage: it is key evidence in showing that the Highland Border rocks are not part of the Dalradian Supergroup whose earliest deformations and metamorphism predate the Ordovician. The field relationships of the limestone, together with evidence from derived clasts in Middle Ordovician and Devonian sequences near Girvan in SW Scotland and at Stonehaven in eastern Scotland suggest that it forms part of a widespread sub-Old Red Sandstone carbonate sequence of Early Ordovician age beneath the northern Midland Valley.

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13

Conlee, Christina A. "The Impact of Coastal–Highland Interactions and Population Movements on the Development and Collapse of Complex Societies in Nasca, Peru (AD 500–1450)." Latin American Antiquity 32, no. 2 (June 2021): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2021.12.

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Coastal–highland relationships were important in the development, expansion, and collapse of ancient societies in Nasca, Peru. Connections between the regions began with the earliest occupants and extended through Inca rule; they consisted of the exchange of goods, sharing of ideas, migration, and political dominance. By the end of the Early Intermediate period (Late Nasca, AD 500–650), highland relationships intensified, and during the Middle Horizon (AD 650–1000), Nasca for the first time came under highland control as the Wari Empire brought transformations to the region. By the end of the Middle Horizon, Wari had collapsed, and much of the Nasca drainage was abandoned. People emigrated from the region, probably because of drought coupled with political and social instability. When Nasca was repopulated (ca. AD 1200) in the Late Intermediate period, a new type of society developed that was likely the result of large numbers of highland immigrants.

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14

Parsons, Jeffrey R., Charles M. Hastings, and Ramiro Matos M. "Rebuilding the State in Highland Peru: Herder-Cultivator Interaction during the Late Intermediate Period in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha Region." Latin American Antiquity 8, no. 4 (December 1997): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972106.

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We address the general problem of sociopolitical evolution in highland Peru during the Late Intermediate period (ca. A.D. 1000-1470) from the perspective of changing relationships between herders and cultivators in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha region. First, we use ethnographic and ethnohistoric information to help model central Andean herder-cultivator interaction. Here we emphasize the ecological and sociological foundations for economic specialization, the ritually based integration of pastoral and agricultural groups in the absence of strong state organization, and how the ritually interactive units define and maintain their borders. Second, in the light of these perspectives, we examine archaeological settlement pattern data from our study area in the central highlands of Peru. We conclude that the Late Intermediate period was a time of significant organizational change that included new forms of ritually based local and regional integration of pastoral and agricultural economies. Third, we briefly consider the general implications of our findings for understanding organizational change throughout the central Andean highlands during the Late Intermediate period. We suggest that the largest and most complex Late Intermediate highland polities depended on the full integration of specialized pastoralists and agriculturalists in those regions where both economies could attain maximal combined productivity in the aftermath of the breakdown of large states at the end of the Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 600-1000).

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15

Gossa, Tegenu, and Erella Hovers. "Continuity and change in lithic techno-economy of the early Acheulian on the Ethiopian highland: A case study from locality MW2; the Melka Wakena site-complex." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): e0277029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277029.

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Recent research has made great strides clarifying the chronology, temporal span, and geographic and technological patterning of the Acheulian in eastern Africa. However, highland occurrences of the Acheulian remain under-represented and their relationship to cultural dynamics in the Rift are still poorly understood. Recently, a stratified sequence of four archaeological layers, recording Acheulian occupations dated between ~1.6 Ma and ~1.3 Ma, has been discovered in locality MW2 of the Melka Wakena site-complex (south-central Ethiopian highlands). This database enabled a systematic exploration of the question of tempo and mode of technological changes at a local sequence, allowing, for the first time, comparison with other highland sites as well as in the Rift. The detailed techno-economic study presented in this study shows that the early Acheulian at the locality was characterized by the co-existence of lithic reduction sequences for small debitage and for flake-based Large Cutting Tool production. In the early, ~1.6 Ma assemblage, a strategy of variable raw material exploitation and technological emphasis on small debitage were coupled with production of few crude bifacial elements. These shifted at ~1.4 Ma towards a preferential and intensive exploitation of a highly knappable glassy ignimbrite and emphasis on Large Cutting Tool production, including higher investment in their techno-morphological aspects. The MW2 sequence tracks lithic technological trends observed in the Rift, with only a short time lag. Diachronic changes in the raw material economy and land use patterns may have occurred at MW2 earlier than previously reported for the Acheulian on the highlands. The behavioral dynamics gleaned from the early Acheulian assemblages at MW2 are important for our understanding of the diachronic changes in the abilities of Acheulian hominins to exploit the diverse geographic and ecological habitats of eastern Africa and beyond.

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16

Laso, Francisco J., Fátima L. Benítez, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Carolina Sampedro, and Javier Arce-Nazario. "Land Cover Classification of Complex Agroecosystems in the Non-Protected Highlands of the Galapagos Islands." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010065.

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The humid highlands of the Galapagos are the islands’ most biologically productive regions and a key habitat for endemic animal and plant species. These areas are crucial for the region’s food security and for the control of invasive plants, but little is known about the spatial distribution of its land cover. We generated a baseline high-resolution land cover map of the agricultural zones and their surrounding protected areas. We combined the high spatial resolution of PlanetScope images with the high spectral resolution of Sentinel-2 images in an object-based classification using a RandomForest algorithm. We used images collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to verify and validate our classified map. Despite the astounding diversity and heterogeneity of the highland landscape, our classification yielded useful results (overall Kappa: 0.7, R2: 0.69) and revealed that across all four inhabited islands, invasive plants cover the largest fraction (28.5%) of the agricultural area, followed by pastures (22.3%), native vegetation (18.6%), food crops (18.3%), and mixed forest and pioneer plants (11.6%). Our results are consistent with historical trajectories of colonization and abandonment of the highlands. The produced dataset is designed to suit the needs of practitioners of both conservation and agriculture and aims to foster collaboration between the two areas.

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17

Anderson, William, Michelle Negus Cleary, Jessie Birkett-Rees, Damjan Krsmanovic, and Nikoloz Tskvitinidze. "Gateway to the Yayla: The Varneti Archaeological Complex in the Southern Caucasus Highlands." European Journal of Archaeology 22, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2018.26.

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Recent ground surveys in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of southern Georgia have investigated a previously undocumented group of sites along a ridge overlooking the upper Kura river valley. Features and artefacts recorded at Varneti suggest long but episodic occupation from the Chalcolithic to the later medieval periods, with prominent phases in the Early to Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age. Varneti has the potential to contribute to understanding economic and strategic aspects of the long-term settlement pattern in the southern Caucasus, especially the interplay between lowland and highland zones. Its position in the landscape, at a transitional point between the river valley and the upland pasture (yayla), may explain its persistent use by agro-pastoral communities that operated in varied cultural situations. The survey results help us frame a series of questions regarding economic and social dynamics at a local and regional scale and the continuity and discontinuity of practice in highland environments through long timespans.

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18

Mackinnon, Iain. "Colonialism and the Highland Clearances." Northern Scotland 8, no. 1 (May 2017): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2017.0125.

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This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

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19

Dharmapriya, P. L., Sanjeewa P. K. Malaviarachchi, M. Santosh, Li Tang, and K. Sajeev. "Late-Neoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka." Precambrian Research 271 (December 2015): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2015.10.010.

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20

DZHUMABEKOV, Sabyrbek A., Bakytbek D. ISAKOV, Belek NURUDIN UULU, and Azat A. SHERALIEV. "SOME PARAMETERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AT INJURIES IN HIGHLAND CONDITIONS." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.339_periodico32_pgs_321_327.pdf.

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The rationale for the present experimental study is explained by the fact that specialists in clinical traumatology often face such complication as nonunion of broken bones. One of the causes of this complication is a disbalance in structural components of the immune system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the peculiarities of cell-mediated immunity after the injuries in the conditions of highlands in the adapted and non-adapted experimental animals. The primary method of the study was an experiment that allowed the authors to investigate the changes in the immune system under the combined impact of highland conditions and the obtained injury. The study included 140 male and female, white laboratory rats kept at 3,200 m above the sea level at the facilities of high mountain resort Teo-Ashuu. The study results showed that by the end of the study, the animals from the control group had a concentration of the main subpopulations of lymphocytes similar to the baseline, while the animals from the test group had the concentration significantly elevated. The nonadapted animals with injuries had a multidirectional dynamics of the main parameters of subpopulations of lymphocytes. It was also established that the factors of highland conditions and injury had a complex impact on the cell-mediated immune response increasing or decreasing the concentration of different subpopulations of lymphocytes. This indicates that the abovementioned factors have a multidirectional suppressive or stimulating effect on the immune system. The revealed differences in the content of the main subpopulations of lymphocytes showed that their involvement in the processes of regeneration of bone tissue was non-uniform in the conditions of highlands at different stages of the experiment in rats with modeled bone fractures. The materials of the study can be of practical use in clinical traumatology because the obtained data can be used for the correction of the immune therapy in patients with the injuries of the locomotor system.

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21

GRISALES, DIANA, and CLAUDIO J. B. DE CARVALHO. "Highland biodiversity of Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera): fourteen new species from the Andes and Central America." Zootaxa 4551, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.4.

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In the neotropics, vegetation formations at high elevations are often unique, with their own characteristic vegetation because of unique and complex evolutionary histories. The complexity of the biogeographic and ecological structure of the fauna is demonstrated by the specialized fauna and flora occurring in these regions. Fanniidae (Diptera) is one of these specialized groups that became very diversified in the highlands. Currently, of the 91 species of Fanniidae in the Neotropical region, 43 (8 Euryomma, 35 Fannia) occur exclusively in Andean and Central American highlands. Here, we increase that highland diversity by describing 14 new species from 1000–4150 m.a.s.l. in the Andes and Central America: Fannia awa sp. nov., F. bari sp. nov., F. boruca sp. nov., F. bribri sp. nov., F. huetare sp. nov., F. humahuaca sp. nov., F. kabekwa sp. nov., F. palta sp. nov., F. polleti sp. nov., F. quillacingas sp. nov., F. teribi sp. nov., F. terraba sp. nov., F. tsachilas sp. nov. and F. yukpa sp. nov. We also provide an identification key for male specimens and diagnoses and descriptions of the species, along with photographs and illustrations of the male terminalia. New records and updated distributions are also provided for the Andean species.

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22

Milnes, AR, RP Bourman, and KH Northcote. "Field relationships of ferricretes and weathered zones in southern South Australia: a contribution to 'laterite' studies in Australia." Soil Research 23, no. 4 (1985): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850441.

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Terrestrial landscapes have existed in parts of southern South Australia since the Carboniferous to Permian Gondwanaland glaciation. Widespread weathered zones and ferricrete horizons and crusts on present highland surfaces in the region have been ascribed by various workers to Mesozoic or early Tertiary weathering phases. A critical examination of field relationships, however, points instead to complex reworking and continuous weathering of relic landscapes since early Mesozoic times, leading to the intricate patterns of sediments and soils forming the present regolith. Ferricrete crusts sporadically distributed on the highland surfaces are interpreted dominantly as remnants of iron-impregnated sediments of ancient valleys or depressions. The great but variable thickness of kaolinized bedrock beneath the highland surfaces, regarded by other workers as the mottled and pallid zones of a 'laterite' profile, is the integrated product of leaching and weathering throughout the Mesozoic and Cainozoic and cannot be assigned to separate and distinct climatic events. The use of weathered landsurfaces and ferricretes as morphostratigraphic markers in such landscapes is questionable.

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23

Saibeh, Kartini. "A new species of Schismatoglottis (Araceae) from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo." Webbia 77, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-13274.

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Schismatoglottis mons Kartini is described as taxonomically novel species assigned to the Asperata Complex. Schismatoglottis mons is a highland mesophytic species found at c. 718 m a.s.l. most like lowland Schismatoglottis gillianiae P.C. Boyce and Schismatoglottis shaleicola P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong.

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24

Zhang, Xiangli. "Shaping of Panzhihua's Cultural Personality and Construction of Regional Cultural Highland." Modern Management Forum 3, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v3i2.1901.

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<p>In the course of historical development, Panzhihua has been integrating the cultural characteristics of various ethnic groups, at the same time, its unique geographical position and complex cultural background provide favorable conditions for the shaping of cultural personality and the construction of regional cultural highland. Therefore, through the study of Panzhihua cultural personality and the construction of regional cultural highland measures and countermeasures analysis, the aim of the paper is to lay the foundation for the better transmission and promotion of the regional culture of Panzhihua and the healthy development of the regional real economy and cultural industries.</p>

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25

Zhang, Xiangli. "Shaping of Panzhihua's Cultural Personality and Construction of Regional Cultural Highland." Modern Management Forum 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v4i1.2007.

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<p>In the course of historical development, Panzhihua has been integrating the cultural characteristics of various ethnic groups, at the same time, its unique geographical position and complex cultural background provide favorable conditions for the shaping of cultural personality and the construction of regional cultural highland. Therefore, through the study of Panzhihua cultural personality and the construction of regional cultural highland measures and countermeasures analysis, the aim of the paper is to lay the foundation for the better transmission and promotion of the regional culture of Panzhihua and the healthy development of the regional real economy and cultural industries. </p>

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26

Kosch, Tiffany A., Arnaud Bataille, Chelsea Didinger, John A. Eimes, Sofia Rodríguez-Brenes, Michael J. Ryan, and Bruce Waldman. "Major histocompatibility complex selection dynamics in pathogen-infected túngara frog ( Physalaemus pustulosus ) populations." Biology Letters 12, no. 8 (August 2016): 20160345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0345.

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Pathogen-driven selection can favour major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles that confer immunological resistance to specific diseases. However, strong directional selection should deplete genetic variation necessary for robust immune function in the absence of balancing selection or challenges presented by other pathogens. We examined selection dynamics at one MHC class II (MHC-II) locus across Panamanian populations of the túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus , infected by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We compared MHC-II diversity in highland túngara frog populations, where amphibian communities have experienced declines owing to Bd, with those in the lowland region that have shown no evidence of decline. Highland region frogs had MHC variants that confer resistance to Bd. Variant fixation appeared to occur by directional selection rather than inbreeding, as overall genetic variation persisted in populations. In Bd-infected lowland sites, however, selective advantage may accrue to individuals with only one Bd-resistance allele, which were more frequent. Environmental conditions in lowlands should be less favourable for Bd infection, which may reduce selection for specific Bd resistance in hosts. Our results suggest that MHC selection dynamics fluctuate in túngara frog populations as a function of the favourability of habitat to pathogen spread and the vulnerability of hosts to infection.

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Bluck, B. J., W. Gibbons, and J. K. Ingham. "Terranes." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 13, no. 1 (1992): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1992.013.01.03.

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AbstractThe Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic foundations of the British Isles may be viewed as a series of suspect terranes whose exposed boundaries are prominent fault systems of various kinds, each with an unproven amount of displacement. There are indications that they accreted to their present configuration between late Precambrian and Carboniferous times. From north to south they are as follows.In northwest Scotland the Hebridean terrane (Laurentian craton in the foreland of the Caledonian Orogen) comprises an Archaean and Lower Proterozoic gneissose basement (Lewisian) overlain by an undeformed cover of Upper Proterozoic red beds and Cambrian to early mid Ordovician shallow marine sediments. The terrane is cut by the Outer Isles Thrust, a rejuvenated Proterozoic structure, and is bounded to the southeast by the Moine Thrust zone, within the hanging wall of which lies a Proterozoic metamorphic complex (Moine Supergroup) which constitutes the Northern Highlands terrane. The Moine Thrust zone represents an essentially orthogonal closure of perhaps 100 km which took place during Ordovician-Silurian times (Elliott & Johnson 1980). The Northern Highlands terrane records both Precambrian and late Ordovician to Silurian tectonometamorphic events (Dewey & Pankhurst 1970) and linkage with the Hebridean terrane is provided by slices of reworked Lewisian basement within the Moine Supergroup (Watson 1983).To the southwest of the Great Glen-Walls Boundary Fault system lies the Central Highlands (Grampian) terrane, an area dominated by the late Proterozoic Dalradian Supergroup which is underlain by a gneissic complex (Central Highland Granulites) that has been variously interpreted as either older

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MANSHOR, NURHAZRIATI, NURUL FARIZAH AZUDDIN, MASRATUL HAWA MOHD, NIK MOHD IZHAM MOHAMED NOR, and LATIFFAH ZAKARIA. "CHARACTERIZATION AND MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS OF Fusarium spp. FROM HIGHLAND AREAS IN MALAYSIA." Malaysian Applied Biology 51, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v51i3.2237.

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Fusarium isolates from highland areas in Malaysia were mostly recovered from two species of grasses, Elyhordeum montanense and Paspalum conjugatum. The isolates were grouped into four morphological groups. Based on TEF-1α sequences, morphotype 1 isolates were molecularly identified as F. graminearum species complex, morphotype 2 as F. venenatum, morphotype 3 as F. avenaceum and morphotype 4 as F. kyushuense. Restriction analysis of the Intergenic Spacer region showed high levels of genetic diversity of isolates in F. graminearum species complex and F. venenatum. For mycotoxin analysis, only F. avenaceum and F. kyushuense produced beauvericin and moniliformin (0.869 & 0.321 µg/kg, respectively). Zearalenone was produced by 32 isolates of F. graminearum species complex (0.002 – 0.437 µg/kg), two isolates of F. venenatum (0.006 - 0.014 µg/kg) and F. kyushuense (0.006 µg/kg). Only F. avenaceum isolate produced fumonisin B1 (0.001 µg/kg). The present study indicates the occurrence of Fusarium species commonly reported in highland areas in Malaysia where the weather is cooler and the temperature is lower than in the lowland areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of phylogenetic species within F. graminearum species complex, F. venenatum, F. avenaceum and F. kyushuense in Malaysia.

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Ranaweera, Lalindra V., and K. V. Wilbert Kehelpannala. "Mesoscopic to microcropic structures associated with the Wanni Complex/Highland Complex Boundary Shear Zone in Sri Lanka." Journal of the Geological Society of Sri Lanka 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jgssl.v20i2.29.

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PLÁ, CÁSSIA, JOSIMAR KÜLKAMP, GUSTAVO HEIDEN, EIMEAR NIC LUGHADHA, and JOÃO R. V. IGANCI. "The importance of the Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands evidenced by a taxonomically verified endemic species list." Phytotaxa 452, no. 4 (July 17, 2020): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.452.4.1.

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The Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands (Campos de Cima da Serra) is one of the main areas of endemism in southern Brazil. The complex biogeographic history that resulted in the floristic composition of the region is directly linked to the high degree of plant endemism found there. Here we present a current checklist for the endemic plants – the first taxonomically verified endemic species list for the region. The list comprises 273 endemic taxa (23.5% of its flora) representing 40 families and 117 genera, highlighting fifty-seven taxa reported as endemic from the region for the first time in recent years. Voucher specimens, original publication, locality information and distribution data are provided for each endemic taxon. Botanical collections in the Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands have increased exponentially during the last four decades. However, 41 taxa are known only from the original collection record reported in their protologue. Our results emphasize the importance of the Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands in terms of conservation of its flora and the importance of providing complete information on botanical collection labels as source for a robust knowledge of the flora.

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Tanner, P. W. G. "Discussion of ‘The Highland Boundary Fault and the Highland Border Complex’ by B. J. Bluck, Scottish Journal of Geology, 46, 113–124." Scottish Journal of Geology 47, no. 1 (April 4, 2011): 89.1–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0036-9276/01-432.

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32

Smith, Megan L., Brice P. Noonan, and Timothy J. Colston. "The role of climatic and geological events in generating diversity in Ethiopian grass frogs (genus Ptychadena )." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (August 2017): 170021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170021.

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Ethiopia is a world biodiversity hotspot and harbours levels of biotic endemism unmatched in the Horn of Africa, largely due to topographic—and thus habitat—complexity, which results from a very active geological and climatic history. Among Ethiopian vertebrate fauna, amphibians harbour the highest levels of endemism, making amphibians a compelling system for the exploration of the impacts of Ethiopia's complex abiotic history on biotic diversification. Grass frogs of the genus Ptychadena are notably diverse in Ethiopia, where they have undergone an evolutionary radiation. We used molecular data and expanded taxon sampling to test for cryptic diversity and to explore diversification patterns in both the highland radiation and two widespread lowland Ptychadena . Species delimitation results support the presence of nine highland species and four lowland species in our dataset, and divergence dating suggests that both geologic events and climatic fluctuations played a complex and confounded role in the diversification of Ptychadena in Ethiopia. We rectify the taxonomy of the endemic P. neumanni species complex, elevating one formally synonymized name and describing three novel taxa. Finally, we describe two novel lowland Ptychadena species that occur in Ethiopia and may be more broadly distributed.

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CHEW, D. M. "Structural and stratigraphic relationships across the continuation of the Highland Boundary Fault in western Ireland." Geological Magazine 140, no. 1 (January 2003): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802007008.

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The relationship between the Dalradian Supergroup and the Highland Border Complex in Scotland has remained contentious for over a century. In western Ireland, the contact between the Dalradian Supergroup and the Clew Bay Complex (a correlative of the Highland Border Complex) is superbly exposed on the island of Achill Beg on the North Mayo coast. The unfossiliferous South Achill Beg succession has been traditionally assigned to the Clew Bay Complex, and this interpretation is supported by a combination of Sm–Nd model age data, heavy mineral analysis and lithostratigraphic correlation. TDM ages range from 1.99–2.66 Ga (mean=2.28 Ga, n=6). Detailed structural mapping shows that both the Dalradian and the Clew Bay Complex share the same structural history. A D1 high strain event is common to both units, and is associated with the development of tectonic slides. The D2 event is responsible for the formation of crustal-scale nappes. In both units, beds are consistently downward facing on the S2 foliation. Later dextral shearing (D3) resulted in the tilting of the originally recumbent, S-facing D2 nappes into this downward-facing orientation. Rb–Sr and 40Ar–39Ar radiometric dating of muscovite confirms that both units were deformed contemporaneously as the S2 nappe fabric in each is dated at c. 460 Ma. This Middle Ordovician age for deformation of the Clew Bay Complex is highly significant, not least because published microfossil data suggest a Silurian age.

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34

Young, John. "Along Ethiopia's western frontier: Gambella and Benishangul in transition." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x9900302x.

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The lowland Ethiopian regions of Gambella and Benishangul, bordering Sudan, form a classic frontier zone. ‘Modern’ politics dates from the 1974 Ethiopian revolution, and has been shaped by developments on either side of the frontier, as well as by the complex relations among indigenous peoples, and between them and immigrants and officials from highland areas of Ethiopia. The implementation of the post-1991 Ethiopian government's programme of ethnic regionalism has intensified local rivalries, and regional governments remain weak, being highly dependent on professionals from highland Ethiopia. Education, transport links, and other indicators of development remain poor. None the less, local political power, in sharp contrast to earlier periods, has to an appreciable extent passed into the hands of indigenous leaders.

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Angarita-Sierra, Teddy, Sergio Daniel Cubides-Cubillos, and Juan Pablo Hurtado-Gómez. "Hidden in the highs: Two new species of the enigmatic toadheaded pitvipers of the genus Bothrocophias." Vertebrate Zoology 72 (October 28, 2022): 971–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e87313.

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Bothrocophias microphthalmus (Cope, 1875) currently comprises most mid- to highland populations of the genus Bothrocophias in the eastern versant of the Andes. We describe two new species of Bothrocophias from the highlands of the Colombian Andes previously referred to as B. microphthalmus based on morphological and genetic evidence. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. micropthalmus as currently recognized is paraphyletic with respect to B. hyoprora, and the two new taxa are sister lineages. These new toadheaded pitvipers can be morphologically distinguished from their congeners based on the presence of contact between the internasal scales, the number of prefoveal scales, the presence of a lacunolabial scale, the arrangement of supralabial scales, ventral scale counts, the color pattern of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body and tail, and hemipenial morphology. We discuss some possible taxonomic scenarios for the lineages found within the B. microphthalmus species complex but refrain from making additional taxonomic changes given our reduced sampling of the southern lineages.

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Huerta, Alejandra I., Annett Milling, and Caitilyn Allen. "Tropical Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Outcompete Race 3 Biovar 2 Strains at Lowland Tropical Temperatures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 10 (March 13, 2015): 3542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04123-14.

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ABSTRACTBacterial wilt, caused by members of the heterogenousRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex, is an economically important vascular disease affecting many crops. Human activity has widely disseminatedR. solanacearumstrains, increasing their global agricultural impact. However, tropical highland race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) strains do not cause disease in tropical lowlands, even though they are virulent at warm temperatures. We tested the hypothesis that differences in temperature adaptation and competitive fitness explain the uneven geographic distribution ofR. solanacearumstrains. Using three phylogenetically and ecologically distinct strains, we measured competitive fitness at two temperatures following paired-strain inoculations of their shared host, tomato. Lowland tropical strain GMI1000 was only weakly virulent on tomato under temperate conditions (24°C for day and 19°C for night [24/19°C]), but highland tropical R3bv2 strain UW551 and U.S. warm temperate strain K60 were highly virulent at both 24/19°C and 28°C. Strain K60 was significantly more competitive than both GMI1000 and UW551 in tomato rhizospheres and stems at 28°C, and GMI1000 also outcompeted UW551 at 28°C. The results were reversed at cooler temperatures, at which highland strain UW551 generally outcompeted GMI1000 and K60in planta. The superior competitive index of UW551 at 24/19°C suggests that adaptation to cool temperatures could explain why only R3bv2 strains threaten highland agriculture. Strains K60 and GMI1000 each produced different bacteriocins that inhibited growth of UW551 in culture. Such interstrain inhibition could explain why R3bv2 strains do not cause disease in tropical lowlands.

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OSANAI, Yasuhito, Krishnan SAJEEV, Nobuhiko NAKANO, Ippei KITANO, Wilbert K. V. KEHELPANNALA, Ryosuke KATO, Tatsuro ADACHI, and Sanjeewa P. K. MALAVIARACHCHI. "UHT granulites of the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka I: Geological and petrological background." Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 111, no. 3 (2016): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/jmps.151227.

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38

KAGAMI, Hiroo, Masaaki OWADA, Yasuhito OSANAI, Kazuyuki SHIRAISHI, and Yoshikuni HIROI. "Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Ages from the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka." Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences 71, no. 5 (1995): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.71.139.

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39

Litvinova, T. V., and V. N. Sergeev. "Biogenic Microstructures in Stromatolites of the Baikal–Patom Highland: Results of Complex Study." Lithology and Mineral Resources 53, no. 2 (March 2018): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0024490218020025.

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40

Ethington, R. L. "Conodonts from the Margie Limestone in the Highland Border Complex, River North Esk." Scottish Journal of Geology 44, no. 1 (April 2008): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg44010075.

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41

MARES, MICHAEL A., JANET K. BRAUN, BRANDI S. COYNER, and RONALD A. VAN DEN BUSSCHE. "Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species." Zootaxa 1753, no. 1 (April 21, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1753.1.1.

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We present a systematic study of the genus Eligmodontia (sigmodontine rodents of the tribe Phyllotini) from Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, based on molecular data. Phylogenetic relationships among 49 individuals were examined using nucleotide sequence data from the entire 1143 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Unweighted parsimony, minimum evolution, maximum-likelihood (TrN+I+G), and Bayesian analyses revealed 2 major clades, representing Andean and non-Andean groups, and 6 minor clades, representing E. typus (lowland), E. typus (highland), E. morgani, E. puerulus, E. moreni, and E. hirtipes. E. typus (highland) is described as a new species based on combined data from the cytochrome-b gene, morphology, and karyology. The results indicate that the genus Eligmodontia is composed of a complex of species, most of which correspond to taxa that were described originally and each of which shows molecular cohesion within a limited geographic range. This species complex has relevance to current theories regarding the speciation patterns and the historical biogeography of South American sigmodontine rodents. The biogeographic history of the genus also is outlined.

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Schäfer, Holger, Takaaki Miyaguchi, Miki Yoshizumi, and Nguyen Ngoc Tung. "Complexity of the Socio-Ecological Dynamics in Hong Ha Commune in the Vietnamese Highland—A Review through the Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156232.

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In Vietnam, government policies have led to improvements in the national forest cover and poverty situation. However, numerous recent case studies in the Vietnamese highland found that socio-ecological dynamics were highly complex on a local scale, resulting in unintended policy impacts and varying policy success among regions. While such complexity has become apparent, it has been difficult to understand and compare between regions, as assessment methods and targeted aspects of socio-ecological dynamics differed between case studies. In this review, complex socio-ecological dynamics in Hong Ha Commune in Thua Thien Hue Province were identified in published case studies and organized into complexity features based on the coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework, to make information more accessible and comparable under the widely applied framework. All complexity features of CHANS systems were identified in the reviewed literature, such as feedback loops (between illegal forest use and flood damage), heterogeneity (in incomes between Kinh people and ethnic minorities), and telecoupling (of the local livelihood through tourism). Based on its applicability to Hong Ha Commune, the CHANS framework is suggested to be applied in other forested areas of the Vietnamese highland to understand and compare complex socio-ecological dynamics and evaluate policy impacts.

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Bluck, B. J. "Reply to the discussion by Tanner on ‘The Highland Boundary Fault and the Highland Border Complex’ Bluck (2010) Scottish Journal of Geology, 46, 113–124." Scottish Journal of Geology 47, no. 1 (April 4, 2011): 89.2–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0036-9276/01-432r.

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Ren, Xin, Mengyuan Qin, Min Zhang, Yi Zhang, Zhenhua Wang, and Shan Liang. "Highland Barley Polyphenol Delayed the In Vitro Digestibility of Starch and Amylose by Modifying Their Structural Properties." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 3743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183743.

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Slowing starch digestibility can delay or even prevent the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. To explore the hypoglycemic potential of highland barley polyphenols (HBP), this study investigated the structural characteristics and starch digestibility of individual or mixed HBP-starch complexes. The results showed that a V-type structure was formed in HBP-starch complexes through non-covalent bonds, resulting in a decrease in rapidly digestible starch and an increase in resistant starch. Specially, the compounding of HBP extracted by acetone significantly reduced the rapidly digestible starch content in amylose from 41.11% to 36.17% and increased the resistant starch content from 6.15% to 13.27% (p < 0.05). Moreover, due to different contents and types of monomer phenols, the HBP extracted with acetone were more effective in inhibiting starch digestion than those extracted with methanol. Ferulic acid and catechin were two key components of HBP. Further results indicated that with the increased content of ferulic acid and catechin (from 1% to 5%), they formed a more ordered structure with amylose, resulting in the lower digestibility of the complex. Collectively, this study suggested that highland barley polyphenols could effectively delay starch digestion by forming a more ordered starch crystal structure. Highland barley polyphenols can be used as functional ingredients in regulating the digestive properties of starchy foods.

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45

Shaney, Kyle J., Michael B. Harvey, Amir Hamidy, Nia Kurniawan, and Eric N. Smith. "Phylogeny and biogeography of Sumatra´s cloud forest lizards of the genus Dendragama and status of Acanthosaura schneideri." ZooKeys 995 (November 18, 2020): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.995.49355.

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Lizards of the genus Dendragama are endemic to the highland cloud forests of Sumatra’s Barisan Mountain Range in western Indonesia, and recent studies have uncovered widespread diversity within the genus. Here, a suite of morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA are used to compare three geographically isolated populations of D. boulengeri from (1) Mount Kerinci in Jambi province, (2) Mount Marapi of west Sumatra, and (3) the Karo Highlands of north Sumatra. Additional phylogeographic analyses with two recently described sister species, D. australis and D. dioidema were conducted. Five genetically distinct clades of Dendragama, all distributed allopatrically of one another were identified and some are suspected to inhabit small distributions. Morphological and genetic data confirm the Karo Highlands population D. schneideri (previously Acanthosaura schneideri Ahl, 1926) should be revalidated from the synonymy of D. boulengeri. Dendragama schneideri is endemic to montane forests of the Karo Highlands surrounding Lake Toba in Sumatra Utara province. Pairwise genetic distances of 6–11% separate D. schneideri from congeners. Two distinct clades of D. boulengeri from Mount Kerinci and Mount Marapi were identified, which are 5.0% genetically distant from one another. Using morphological characters, we provide the first key for distinguishing between species of Dendragama. Based on biogeographic patterns and levels of genetic variation it is suspected that at least 18 other isolated cloud forest locations may hold new species or divergent populations of Dendragama but lack survey work. Collectively, these comparisons among populations of montane lizards further elucidate the complex biogeographic history of Sumatra’s montane forest species and the first phylogeny of the genus Dendragama.

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Kinziger, Andrew P., Damon H. Goodman, and Rebecca S. Studebaker. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in the Ozark Highland Members of the Banded Sculpin Cottus carolinae Complex." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136, no. 6 (November 2007): 1742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/t06-025.1.

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47

Osanai, Yasuhito, Krishnan Sajeev, Masaaki Owada, K. V. Wilbert Kehelpannala, W. K. Bernard Prame, Nobuhiko Nakano, and Sarath Jayatileke. "Metamorphic evolution of high-pressure and ultrahigh-temperature granulites from the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28, no. 1 (October 2006): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.09.013.

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48

Cawood, P. A., R. E. Merle, R. A. Strachan, and P. W. G. Tanner. "Provenance of the Highland Border Complex: constraints on Laurentian margin accretion in the Scottish Caledonides." Journal of the Geological Society 169, no. 5 (September 2012): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492011-076.

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49

Annereau-Fulbert, Marie Laëtitia, and A. Rafael Flores Hernández. "La historia de un expediente de litigio de tierra en Chiapas. Una propuesta metodológica." Estudios de Cultura Maya 58 (June 27, 2021): 117–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.2021.58.23864.

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In Chiapas, and particularly in the Highland region, few colonial indigenous documents have been found that are similar to those produced by the neighboring Maya peoples of the Guatemala Highlands and the Yucatan Peninsula. The question of whether or not such sources exist is an legitimate one, considering the importance of these testimonies for linking Postclassic historical processes to the development of indigenous societies in the Colonial era. In this respect, the Chiapa Title is an exception. It is a record that gives us a glimpse of the dynamics and conflicts that unfolded between two large political centers: Chiapa and Zinacantan. Thus, the objective of this article is not to reexamine the content of the document, whose classification as a ''title'' is erroneous, but to analyze the nature and form of this fragment and contextualize it in the framework of the legal discourse of the era and the conflicts between the so-called ''pueblos indios''. To this end, we set forth the methodological guidelines used in our examination of the document, as well as reflections on its complex connection to the still fragmentary archeological corpus from the Postclassic period and its transition to the Colonial era.

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50

Gutema, Tariku Mekonnen, Anagaw Atickem, Diress Tsegaye, Afework Bekele, Claudio Sillero-Zubiri, Jorgelina Marino, Mohammed Kasso, Vivek V. Venkataraman, Peter J. Fashing, and Nils C. Stenseth. "Foraging ecology of African wolves ( Canis lupaster ) and its implications for the conservation of Ethiopian wolves ( Canis simensis )." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 190772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190772.

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African wolves (AWs) are sympatric with endangered Ethiopian wolves (EWs) in parts of their range. Scat analyses have suggested a dietary overlap between AWs and EWs, raising the potential for exploitative competition, and a possible conservation threat to EWs. However, in contrast to that of the well-studied EW, the foraging ecology of AWs remains poorly characterized. Accordingly, we studied the foraging ecology of radio-collared AWs ( n = 11 individuals) at two localities with varying levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the Ethiopian Highlands, the Guassa-Menz Community Conservation Area (GMCCA) and Borena-Saynt National Park (BSNP), accumulating 845 h of focal observation across 2952 feeding events. We also monitored rodent abundance and rodent trapping activity by local farmers who experience conflict with AWs. The AW diet consisted largely of rodents (22.0%), insects (24.8%), and goats and sheep (24.3%). Of the total rodents captured by farmers using local traps during peak barley production (July to November) in GMCCA, averaging 24.7 ± 8.5 rodents/hectare/day, 81% ( N = 3009) were scavenged by AWs. Further, of all the rodents consumed by AWs, most (74%) were carcasses. These results reveal complex interactions between AWs and local farmers, and highlight the scavenging niche occupied by AWs in anthropogenically altered landscapes in contrast to the active hunting exhibited by EWs in more intact habitats. While AWs cause economic damage to local farmers through livestock predation, they appear to play an important role in scavenging pest rodents among farmlands, a pattern of behaviour which likely mitigates direct and indirect competition with EWs. We suggest two routes to promote the coexistence of AWs and EWs in the Ethiopian highlands: local education efforts highlighting the complex role AWs play in highland ecosystems to reduce their persecution, and enforced protection of intact habitats to preserve habitat preferred by EWs.

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Статті в журналах з теми "Highland complex"

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