Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Higher aquatic plants".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
1
Vlasov, Boris P., and Natallia D. Hryshchankava. "5. Community of higher aquatic plants." Zoology and Ecology 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2014.925240.
Повний текст джерела
2
Gassner, W., and L. Neugebohrn. "The significance of higher plants for degradation of phenols in aquatic systems." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 129, no. 4 (February 23, 1994): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/129/1994/473.
Повний текст джерела
3
Sultemeyer, Dieter, Claudia Schmidt, and Heinrich P. Fock. "Carbonic anhydrases in higher plants and aquatic microorganisms." Physiologia Plantarum 88, no. 1 (May 1993): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.880125.x.
Повний текст джерела
4
Zub, L. N., M. S. Prokopuk, and Yu V. Pohorelova. "Assessment of Rarity Category for Higher Aquatic Plants." Inland Water Biology 11, no. 1 (January 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995082918010194.
Повний текст джерела
5
Sultemeyer, Dieter, Claudia Schmidt, and Heinrich P. Fock. "Carbonic anhydrases in higher plants and aquatic microorganisms." Physiologia Plantarum 88, no. 1 (May 1993): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01776.x.
Повний текст джерела
6
Akmukhanova, N. R. "The opportunities to use consortium of higher aquatic plants and microalgae in the treatment of polluted aquatic ecosystems." Eurasian Journal of Ecology 3, no. 56 (2018): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/eje-2018-3-824.
Повний текст джерела
7
Kirpenko, N. I., and O. M. Usenko. "Influence of Higher Aquatic Plants on Microalgae (a Review)." Hydrobiological Journal 49, no. 2 (2013): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v49.i2.60.
Повний текст джерела
8
Tsiprijan, V. I., and V. V. Kravets. "Wastewater Treatment in Stabilization Ponds with Higher Aquatic Plants." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Higher aquatic plants (HAP) provide more effective tertiary wastewater treatment in biological ponds. They also accelerate the clean-up process with simultaneous increase of hydraulic loading. There was observed not only high removal efficiency for domestic organics, but also for various universal pollutants such as oil, synthetic surface active substances and phenols. Our findings have demonstrated that HAP stabilization ponds may be used successfully for industrial waste water treatment. We have also shown it expedient to apply the method in biological, biochemical and vitamin production plants and sugar refineries. HAP of reed, cane and rush proved to be the most effective plants to use.
9
Triyatmo, Bambang, and Namastra Probosunu. "BUDIDAYA TERPADU LELE DUMBO DENGAN TANAMAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes), KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomea aquatica) DAN KAPU-KAPU (Pistia stratiotes)." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 4, no. 2 (August 28, 2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.8910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was cultured with an aquatic plant, water hyacinth/eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes), kangkung air (Ipomea aquatica) or kapu-kapu (Pistia stratiotes) in concrete ponds, for 3 months. Catfish cultured without aquatic plant was used as a control. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the survival rate as well as the growth of fish and aquatic plants.The survival rates of catfish cultured with I. aquatica, E. crassipes, and P. stratiotes were 76, 87, and 98%, respectively. In addition the survival rate of catfish cultured without any aquatic plant was 93%. The weight gain of catfish was 14,1-16,2 kg per pond. Whereas, the total weight gains of aquatic plant were 37,0, 27,7 and 7,7 kg per pond for E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, and I. aquatica,. Respectively. Dissolved oxygen, and the concentrations of NH3, NH4+ and PO43- in water with aquatic plants were higher than that of in water without aquatic plant. However, the concentration of CO2 was higher in water with aquatic plant.
10
Wan Mohd Musdek, Wan Noraina Atikah, Mohd Khalizan Sabullah, Nor Mustaiqazah Juri, Norliza Abu Bakar, and Noor Azmi Shaharuddin. "Screening of aquatic plants for potential phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated water." Bioremediation Science and Technology Research 3, no. 1 (November 2, 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v3i1.245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bioremediation is a new green economic approach in providing solutions for cleaning up contaminated sites. Phytoremediation uses plants as a tool for remediation purposes. The usage of plant species offers higher potential solution to remediate heavy metal contaminated sites. This study aimed on screening potential plant species for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated water. The potential of three aquatic macrophytes species (Eichorrnia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Ipomoea aquatica) for chromium and nickel phytoremediations was tested. The plants were exposed for 10 days under hydroponic conditions in heavy metal contaminated water. E. crassipes showed the highest chromium and nickel concentrations in its biomass, 1.60 and 2.40 μg/L respectively. Meanwhile, P. stratiotes had chromium and nickel concentrations detected at 0.89 and 0.081 μg/L, respectively; chromium and nickel concentrations of I. aquatica detected were, 0.49 and 0.08 μg/L, respectively. The ability of these plants to accumulate heavy metals and survived throughout the experiment demonstrates the potential of these plants to remediate metal-enriched water. Among the three tested aquatic plants, E. crassipes was proven to be the most suitable plant species that can phytoremediate heavy metal contaminated water followed by P. stratiotes and I. aquatica.
Дисертації з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
1
Зіневич, Віра Сергіївна. "Застосування методів механічного та біологічного очищення водоймищ від заростання для покращення стійкості екосистем". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/41649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертацію присвячено впровадженню комплексного методу механічного та біологічного очищення водоймищ від заростання із попереднім очищенням стічних вод біопрепаратом.
У дисертації визначено, що до процесу заростання та евтрофікації водоймищ призводить високий вміст у воді іонів-фосфатів, азоту амонійного, азоту нітритного. Проаналізовано сучасні засоби очищення водоймищ від водоростей та вищих водних рослин.
Запропоновано використання комплексного методу механічного та біологічного очищення водоймищ від заростання із попереднім очищенням стічних вод біопрепаратом. Встановлено, що витрата біопрепарату для очищення стічних вод на місяць при витраті 200 л/год становить 1,56 кг.
Встановлено, що при застосуванні комплексного методу можливе очищення водоймища з ефективністю до 85 % та покращити стан водойми.
За допомогою SWOT – аналізу визначено основні сильні та слабкі сторони запропонованого методу та для його виконання необхідні витрати становлять 64990, 52 грн.The dissertation is devoted to introduction of complex method of mechanical and biological purification of reservoirs from overgrown with preliminary sewage treatment by biological product. In the dissertation it is determined that the process of overgrowth and eutrophication of reservoirs results in high content of water of phosphate ions, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen. Modern means of water purification from algae and higher aquatic plants have been analyzed. It is proposed to use a complex method of mechanical and biological purification of reservoirs from overgrowth with preliminary sewage treatment by biological product. It is established that the consumption of biological product for wastewater treatment per month at a flow rate of 200 l / h is 1.56 kg. It is established that when applying the complex method it is possible to clean the reservoir with efficiency up to 85% and to improve the status of the reservoir. The main strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method are identified by SWOT analysis and the necessary costs are 64990, 52 UAH for its implementation.
2
Chan, Yiu-lun Tony, and 陳銚倫. "Aquatic sports resort at the Former High Island Detention Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3198700X.
Повний текст джерела
3
Gidley, Susan Lee. "Using high resolution satellite imagery to map aquatic macrophytes on multiple lakes in northern Indiana /." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2009.Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Jeffrey S. Wilson, Lenore P. Tedesco, Daniel P. Johnson. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77).
4
Mallakin, Ali. "Impacts of structural photomodification of anthracene derivatives on the aquatic higher plant Lemna gibba (Lemnaceae) under actinic radiation and modeling of toxicological risk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0014/NQ52027.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
5
Cook, Robert E. (Robert Edward) 1969. "Biology and Energetics of Tropisternus Lateralis Nimbatus (SAY) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in a Playa on the Southern High Plains of Texas and Aquatic Coleoptera Diversity from Seven Playas on the Southern High Plains of Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277795/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A study of the biology of Tropisternus lateralis, a hydrophilid beetle, was conducted during the flood period of a single playa on the Southern High Plains of Texas from early June 1995 through early September 1995. Mechanism of colonization, tolerance/avoidance to drought, larval density, and secondary production were analyzed. T. lateralis colonized playas from surrounding aquatic habitats and avoided drought through aerial dispersion. Once in the playa, larval density increased over time. Secondary production was 1.31 g/m2/.25 yr. In addition, aquatic Coleoptera diversity was studied in seven playas on the Southern High Plains of Texas. A total of twenty three species were identified from the study region. Nine species not reported in playa literature were identified.
6
Boschi, Letícia Sabo. "Espacialização do biovolume de plantas aquáticas submersas a partir da integração de dados obtidos por sensores remotos /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade GaloBanca: João Fernando Custódio da Silva
Banca: Nilton Nobuhiro Imai
Banca: Cláudio Clemente Faria Barbosa
Resumo: As plantas aquáticas têm um papel fundamental no equilíbrio dos ambientes aquáticos e importância crucial no fornecimento de alimento e refúgio para animais. Porém, seu crescimento desequilibrado pode obstruir canais, represas e reservatórios e reduzir a disponibilidade de água para uso humano. No que se refere a plantas aquáticas submersas, a utilização de medidas de controle torna-se mais complexa, face à dificuldade em mapear e quantificar volumetricamente as áreas de infestação. Nessas situações, considera-se que a combinação de dados georreferenciados oriundos de sensores baseados tanto na energia eletromagnética do espectro óptico, como em sinais acústicos, possibilite o mapeamento e mensuração dessas áreas, auxiliando na elaboração de propostas de manejo sustentáveis para esse tipo de vegetação aquática. Assim, o presente trabalho prevê a utilização integrada de dados ópticos e acústicos, para estimar o biovolume de plantas aquáticas submersas. As análises foram conduzidas a partir de dados obtidos em três levantamentos ecobatimétricos e espectrorradiométricos (abril de 2010, novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011) realizados em uma área de estudos localizada no Rio Paraná, caracterizada pela dificuldade de navegação, e para a qual foi adquirida a imagem World View-2 em dezembro de 2010. A correlação entre biovolume de plantas aquáticas submersas e valores de brilho registrados em bandas do espectro óptico visível da imagem World View-2 foi menor que 60%, inviabilizando a utilização dos dados espectrais para espacialização do biovolume... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aquatic plants are fundamental for the balance of opened aquatic environments and crucial in providing food and shelter for animals. However, its unbalanced growing can clog channels, dams and reservoirs, reducing water availability for human use. In the case of submerged aquatic vegetation, the use of control actions becomes more complex due to the difficulty in mapping and volumetrically quantifying the areas of infestation. In these situations, it is considered that georeferenced data - originated both in sensors based on electromagnetic energy of the optical spectrum and acoustic signals - allow the mapping and measuring of these areas, helping to create proposals for the sustainable management of this type of aquatic vegetation. This work uses optical and acoustic data integration method for estimating the biovolume of submerged aquatic vegetation and performing the biovolume mapping. The analysis was performed by using data from three hydroacoustic and spectroradiometer surveys - April 2010, November 2010, and January 2011 - carried out in a test area located in the Paraná River, characterized by the difficulty of navigation. A World View-2 image of this area was acquired in December 2010 to be used in this work. The correlation between the biovolume of submerged aquatic vegetation and brightness values recorded in the visible optical spectrum bands was less than 60%, precluding the use of spectral data for spatial distribution of biovolume through the adjustment of a regression... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
7
Boschi, Letícia Sabo [UNESP]. "Espacialização do biovolume de plantas aquáticas submersas a partir da integração de dados obtidos por sensores remotos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-05-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:06:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
boschi_ls_dr_prud.pdf: 3170628 bytes, checksum: e8c33fe726b1f0ca366ff51cc7177d42 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As plantas aquáticas têm um papel fundamental no equilíbrio dos ambientes aquáticos e importância crucial no fornecimento de alimento e refúgio para animais. Porém, seu crescimento desequilibrado pode obstruir canais, represas e reservatórios e reduzir a disponibilidade de água para uso humano. No que se refere a plantas aquáticas submersas, a utilização de medidas de controle torna-se mais complexa, face à dificuldade em mapear e quantificar volumetricamente as áreas de infestação. Nessas situações, considera-se que a combinação de dados georreferenciados oriundos de sensores baseados tanto na energia eletromagnética do espectro óptico, como em sinais acústicos, possibilite o mapeamento e mensuração dessas áreas, auxiliando na elaboração de propostas de manejo sustentáveis para esse tipo de vegetação aquática. Assim, o presente trabalho prevê a utilização integrada de dados ópticos e acústicos, para estimar o biovolume de plantas aquáticas submersas. As análises foram conduzidas a partir de dados obtidos em três levantamentos ecobatimétricos e espectrorradiométricos (abril de 2010, novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011) realizados em uma área de estudos localizada no Rio Paraná, caracterizada pela dificuldade de navegação, e para a qual foi adquirida a imagem World View-2 em dezembro de 2010. A correlação entre biovolume de plantas aquáticas submersas e valores de brilho registrados em bandas do espectro óptico visível da imagem World View-2 foi menor que 60%, inviabilizando a utilização dos dados espectrais para espacialização do biovolume...
Aquatic plants are fundamental for the balance of opened aquatic environments and crucial in providing food and shelter for animals. However, its unbalanced growing can clog channels, dams and reservoirs, reducing water availability for human use. In the case of submerged aquatic vegetation, the use of control actions becomes more complex due to the difficulty in mapping and volumetrically quantifying the areas of infestation. In these situations, it is considered that georeferenced data – originated both in sensors based on electromagnetic energy of the optical spectrum and acoustic signals – allow the mapping and measuring of these areas, helping to create proposals for the sustainable management of this type of aquatic vegetation. This work uses optical and acoustic data integration method for estimating the biovolume of submerged aquatic vegetation and performing the biovolume mapping. The analysis was performed by using data from three hydroacoustic and spectroradiometer surveys – April 2010, November 2010, and January 2011 – carried out in a test area located in the Paraná River, characterized by the difficulty of navigation. A World View-2 image of this area was acquired in December 2010 to be used in this work. The correlation between the biovolume of submerged aquatic vegetation and brightness values recorded in the visible optical spectrum bands was less than 60%, precluding the use of spectral data for spatial distribution of biovolume through the adjustment of a regression... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
8
Kazour, Maria. "Active and passive biomonitoring tools for microplastics assessment in two highly polluted aquatic environments : case study of the Seine estuary and the Lebanese coast SOURCES OF MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: IMPORTANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND COASTAL LANDFILL MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION ALONG THE LEBANESE COAST (EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN): OCCURRENCE IN SURFACE WATER, SEDIMENTS AND BIOTA SAMPLES JUVENILE FISH CAGING AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING MICROPLASTICS CONTAMINATION IN ESTUARINE FISH NURSERY GROUNDS IS BLUE MUSSEL CAGING AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION?" Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La production de plastique est en augmentation continue pour répondre à la forte demande mondiale. Cette production massive est la source d'importantes quantités de plastiques que l'on retrouve dans les milieux aquatiques. Parmi ces plastiques, les microplastiques (MP) (particules microscopiques d’une taille < 5 mm) se retrouvent dans l’eau, les sédiments et sont susceptibles d’être ingérés par divers organismes marins. Cette thèse se focalise sur (1) l’évaluation des sources et des apports de microplastiques au milieu aquatique et de leur présence dans les organismes, et (2) de tester la faisabilité d’utiliser des organismes vivants pour la surveillance de la pollution de l’environnement par les microplastiques. Deux zones côtières affectées par des pressions anthropogéniques ont été étudiées : Le Havre et le littoral libanais. Dans le premier cas, le rôle d’une station de traitement des eaux usées (STEP) et d’une décharge côtière dans l’introduction des microplastiques dans l’environnement a été étudié. Les MPs ont d’abord été analysés dans l'influent, la boue et l’effluent de la STEP. Leur devenir a été suivi selon un gradient de distance de la STEP au niveau de trois matrices : eau de surface, sédiments et moules sauvages (Mytilus spp.). Les MPs ont été trouvés au niveau de toutes les matrices avec une concentration qui diminue en s’éloignant de l’effluent. Des taux de microplastiques élevés (plus élevés que ceux trouvés à côté de la STEP) ont été observés à proximité de la décharge côtière, suggérant son rôle important comme voie d’entrée des MPs dans les eaux côtières. Le long de la côte libanaise, nous avons évalué pour la première fois la pollution par les MPs dans l'eau de mer, les sédiments et dans deux espèces marines importantes en terme de consommation humaine (un poisson pélagique: Engraulis encrasicolus et un bivalve: Spondylus spinosus). Les résultats ont montré différents patterns de concentration des MPs dans les matrices analysées. La présence de MPs dans les organismes était élevée (83.4% et 86.3% dans les anchois et les huîtres, respectivement). Ces résultats ont mis en évidence la pollution élevée liée aux MPs au niveau du bassin Levantin par rapport aux autres régions de la Méditerranée occidentale. De plus, les résultats obtenus indiquent une contribution potentielle des décharges côtières à cette pollution. Le plus souvent, les études sur les microplastiques impliquent l'échantillonnage d’organismes indigènes. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons testé la faisabilité d'utiliser des organismes transplantés (encagement) pour évaluer la pollution par les microplastiques dans l'environnement marin côtier. Nous avons mis au point des expériences d'encagement avec des juvéniles de flets, Platichthys flesus, en estuaires et des moules bleues, Mytilus edulis, en zone côtière. Pour chaque espèce, l'abondance et les caractéristiques (forme, taille, couleur et type de polymères) des MPs ingérés par les individus encagés ont été comparées avec les MPs ingérés par des individus sauvages capturés sur le même site et avec ceux trouvés dans leur environnement (eaux de surface et sédiments). Nos résultats suggèrent que la technique d'encagement d'organismes peut constituer un outil prometteur pour la biosurveillance des MPs la rendant plus fiable et permettant une étude précise des effets biologiques des MPs sur une période d'exposition prédéterminéePlastic fabrication is increasing worldwide in response to daily human demands. This mass production is linked to the immense plastic marine litter found all around the world: each synthetic material is meant to find its way back into the aquatic systems. Anthropogenic pressure and the immense human population, the lack of appropriate plastic treatment process and the growing industrial activities advocate their presence in the aquatic environments. These plastics are then found in the form of microplastics (microscopic particle with a size < 5 mm) observed in the water, in the sediments and are prone to be ingested by various marine organisms along the trophic chain. This thesis focuses on (1) assessing microplastics sources and input into the aquatic environment and their occurrence in biota, and (2) to test the feasibility of using transplanted organisms (caging) for monitoring microplastics pollution in the marine coastal environment. Two coastal areas highly impacted by anthropogenic pressures were studied: Le Havre in France and the Lebanese coast. For the former, the role of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and an abandoned coastal landfill as pathways for microplastics (MPs) input into the marine environment was assessed. MPs were first analyzed in raw sewage influent, sludge and effluent samples, and their fate was studied along a distance gradient from the WWTP in three matrices: surface water, sediments and wild mussels (Mytilus spp). MPs were found in all matrices with a decreasing abundance from the effluent. Strong MPs abundances (higher than those found near the WWTP effluent) were observed in the vicinity of the coastal landfill suggesting its importance as a MPs entry route into the marine coastal environment. Whereas for the Lebanese coast, we evaluated for the first time the MPs pollution in the seawater, sediments and two important seafood species (one pelagic fish: Engraulis encrasicolus and one bivalve: Spondylus spinosus). Results showed different patterns of MPs concentration in the analyzed matrices. The occurrence of MPs in the biota was high (83.4% and 86.3% in anchovies and spiny oysters, respectively). These results highlighted the high MPs pollution found in the Levantine Basin in comparison to other Western Mediterranean regions. In addition, the obtained results indicate the potential contribution of coastal landfills to this pollution. Most often microplastics studies involve collection of organisms’ samples from natural populations. In this thesis, we tested the feasibility of using transplanted organisms (caging) for monitoring microplastics’ pollution in the marine coastal environment. We developed caging experiments with juvenile European Flounder, Platichthys flesus, in estuarine nursery grounds and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, in coastal marine environment. For each species, the abundance and characteristics (shape, size, color and type of polymers) of MPs ingested by caged individuals are compared with those ingested by wild individuals collected at the same site and with those found in their surrounding environment (surface water and sediments). Our results suggest that transplanted organisms (caging) may be a promising tool for MPs biomonitoring making monitoring more reliable with an accurate assessment of the biological effects of MPs over a predetermined exposure period
9
Gidley, Susan. "Using high resolution satellite imagery to map aquatic macropyhtes on multiple lakes in northern Indiana." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resource managers need to be able to quickly and accurately map aquatic plants in freshwater lakes and ponds for regulatory purposes, to monitor the health of native species and to monitor the spread of invasive species. Site surveys and transects are expensive and time consuming, and low resolution imagery is not detailed enough to map multiple, small lakes spread out over large areas. This study evaluated methods for mapping aquatic plants using high resolution Quickbird satellite imagery obtained in 2007 and 2008. The study area included nine lakes in northern Indiana chosen because they are used for recreation, have residential development along their shorelines, support a diverse wildlife population, and are susceptible to invasive species. An unsupervised classification was used to develop two levels of classification. The Level I classification divided the vegetation into detailed classes of emergent and submerged vegetation based on plant structure. In the Level II classification, these classes were combined into more general categories. Overall accuracy of the Level I classification was 68% for the 2007 imagery and 58% for the 2008 imagery. The overall accuracy of the Level II classification was higher for both the 2007 and 2008 imagery at 75% and 74%, respectively. Classes containing bulrushes were the least accurately mapped in the Level I classification. In the Level II classification, the least accurately mapped class was submerged vegetation. Water and man-made surfaces were mapped with the highest degree of accuracy in both classification schemes. Overhanging trees and shore vegetation contributed to classification error. Overall, results of this research suggest that high resolution imagery provides useful information for natural resource managers. It is most applicable to mapping general aquatic vegetation categories, such as submerged and emergent vegetation, and providing general estimates of plant coverage in lakes. Better methods for mapping individual species, species assemblages, and submerged vegetation constitute areas for further research.Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
10
Tait, Cynthia K. "Influences of riparian canopy on aquatic communities in high desert streams of eastern Oregon." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because riparian canopy controls most energy inputs to stream
ecosystems, it directly affects the structure of aquatic food webs and the
ecological processes that govern interactions among trophic levels. This
study addresses the interdependence among riparian canopy, benthic
community structure, and the carrying capacity of high desert streams for
salmonid fishes. In streams in the lower John Day River Basin in eastern
Oregon, algal, invertebrate, and fish communities were compared in reaches
with varying densities of riparian canopy. Water temperatures varied with
the density and upstream extent of canopy. Densely canopied sites were
cool, while sites with high irradiances had temperatures exceeding the upper
lethal limit for salmonids. Periphyton and grazer biomasses were greater in
well-lighted sites, but 90% of grazer biomass consisted of Dicosmoecus
gilvipes, a large caddisfly inedible by juvenile trout. Warmer water
increased metabolic demands for salmonids, while the overwhelming
dominance of Dicosmoecus in open sites shifted energy flow away from
trout and shrunk their food base. High water temperatures, however,
provided suitable habitat for many warmwater fishes which would otherwise
not enter tributaries of this size. At higher elevation study sites in Camp
Creek, light levels were higher and less variable than at the lower sites.
Periphyton and invertebrate abundances were not correlated with irradiance.
Rather, periphyton was maintained at low levels by grazers, particularly
Dicosmoecus and snails. Manipulations of fish densities in enclosures
showed that trout and dace had no negative impacts on numbers of
invertebrate prey, and that grazers played a larger role in regulating lower
trophic levels than did fish. Dicosmoecus acted as a keystone species in
the benthic food web of Camp Creek by simultaneously influencing the
trophic level both below and above its own. When irradiance was
experimentally reduced under artificial canopies, periphyton standing crops
were not different from those in open control pools after 4 wks. However,
grazers were more abundant in open pools. The cropping of periphyton to
uniform levels in both sunlight and shade indicated that mobile grazers
targeted sites of varying productivities. Comparisons between benthic
communities in Camp Creek and in a densely canopied reference stream
suggested that benthic community structure shifted to accommodate
changes in energy resources that occur when canopy density is altered.Graduation date: 1998
Книги з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
1
Mueller, Karl W. 1997 Lacamas Lake survey: The warmwater fish community of a highly eutrophic lowland lake. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Freshwater Division, Warmwater Enhancement Program, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерела
2
Kirchman, David L. Microbial primary production and phototrophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter is focused on the most important process in the biosphere, primary production, the turning of carbon dioxide into organic material by higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Photosynthetic microbes account for roughly 50% of global primary production while the other half is by large, terrestrial plants. After reviewing the basic physiology of photosynthesis, the chapter discusses approaches to measuring gross and net primary production and how these processes affect fluxes of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of aquatic ecosystems. It then points out that terrestrial plants have high biomass but relatively low growth, while the opposite is the case for aquatic algae and cyanobacteria. Primary production varies greatly with the seasons in temperate ecosystems, punctuated by the spring bloom when the biomass of one algal type, diatoms, reaches a maximum. Other abundant algal types include coccolithophorids in the oceans and filamentous cyanobacteria in freshwaters. After the bloom, small algae take over and out-compete larger forms for limiting nutrients because of superior uptake kinetics. Abundant types of small algae include two coccoid cyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, the latter said to be the most abundant photoautotroph on the planet because of its large numbers in oligotrophic oceans. Other algae, often dinoflagellates, are toxic. Many algae can also graze on other microbes, probably to obtain limiting nitrogen or phosphorus. Still other microbes are mainly heterotrophic but are capable of harvesting light energy. Primary production in oxic environments is carried out by oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, whereas in anoxic environments with sufficient light, it is anaerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis in which oxygen is not produced. Although its contribution to global primary production is small, anoxygenic photosynthesis helps us understand the biophysics and biochemistry of photosynthesis and its evolution on early Earth. These microbes as well as aerobic phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes make up microbial mats. These mats can provide insights into early life on the planet when a type of mat, “stromatolites,” covered vast areas of primordial seas in the Proterozoic.
3
Kirchman, David L. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this chapter is to introduce the field of microbial ecology and some terms used in the rest of the book. Microbial ecology, which is the study of microbes in natural environments, is important for several reasons. Although most are beneficial, some microbes cause diseases of higher plants and animals in aquatic environments and on land. Microbes are also important because they are directly or indirectly responsible for the food we eat. They degrade pesticides and other pollutants contaminating natural environments. Finally, they are important in another “pollution” problem: the increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Because microbes are crucial for many biogeochemical processes, the field of microbial ecology is crucial for understanding the effect of greenhouse gases on the biosphere and for predicting the impact of climate change on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Even if the problem of climate change were solved, microbes would be fascinating to study because of the weird and wonderful things they do. The chapter ends by pointing out the difficulties in isolating and cultivating microbes in the laboratory. In many environments, less than one percent of all bacteria and other microbes can be grown in the laboratory. The cultivation problem has many ramifications for identifying especially viruses, bacteria, and archaea in natural environments, and for connecting up taxonomic information with biogeochemical processes.
4
Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Strategies and adaptations to aquatic life at high altitude. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 5 is focused on how organisms cope with the environmental conditions that are a direct result of high altitude. Organisms reveal a number of fascinating ways of dealing with a life at high altitude; for example, avoidance and pigmentation as protection against damaging high levels of ultraviolet radiation, accumulation of antifreeze proteins, and metabolic cold adaptation among species encountering low temperatures with the risk of freezing, oxy-regulatory capacity in animals due to low availability of oxygen, and root uptake from the sediment of inorganic carbon by plants living in waters poor in dissolved carbon dioxide. These and more adaptations are carefully described through a number of examples from famous flagship species in addition to the less well-known ones. Harsh environmental conditions work as an environmental filter that only allows the well-adapted species to slip through to colonize high altitude waters.
5
Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. The waterscape at high altitudes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 2 presents the amazing variety of running waters, lakes, ponds, and wetlands found at high altitudes. These waterbodies are not equally distributed among the world’s high altitude places, but tend to be concentrated in certain areas, primarily determined by regional climate and topography. Thus, a large proportion of the world’s truly high altitude aquatic systems are found at lower latitudes, mostly in the tropics. The chapter presents general patterns in the geographical distribution of high altitude waters, and gives examples of some of the most extreme systems. High altitude aquatic systems and habitats cover a broad variety in dynamics and physical appearance. These differences may be related to, for example, water source (glacier-fed, rain-fed, or groundwater-fed streams), geological origin (e.g. glacial, volcanic, or tectonic lakes), or catchment slope and altitude (different types of peatland wetlands). This is exemplified and richly illustrated through numerous photos.
6
P, Chanton Jeffrey, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Control of the diurnal pattern of methane emission from emergent aquatic macrophytes by gas transport mechanisms. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
Знайти повний текст джерела
7
Kirchman, David L. Predation and protists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Protists are involved in many ecological roles in natural environments, including primary production, herbivory and carnivory, and parasitism. Microbial ecologists have been interested in these single-cell eukaryotes since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek saw them in his stool and scum from his teeth. This chapter focuses on the role of protozoa (purely heterotrophic protists) and other protists in grazing on other microbes. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates, 3–5 microns long, are the most important grazers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in aquatic environments. In soils, flagellates are also important, followed by naked amoebae, testate amoebae, and ciliates. Many of these protists feed on their prey by phagocytosis, in which the prey particle is engulfed into a food vacuole into which digestive enzymes are released. This mechanism of grazing explains many factors affecting grazing rates, such as prey numbers, size, and composition. Ingestion rates increase with prey numbers before reaching a maximum, similar to the Michaelis–Menten equation describing uptake as a function of substrate concentration. Protists generally eat prey that are about ten-fold smaller than they are. In addition to flagellates, ciliates and dinoflagellates are often important predators in the microbial world and are critical links between microbial food chains and larger organisms Many protists are capable of photosynthesis. In some cases, the predator benefits from photosynthesis carried out by engulfed, but undigested photosynthetic prey or its chloroplasts. Although much can be learnt from the morphology of large protists, small protists (<10 μm) often cannot be distinguished by morphology, and as seen several times in this book, many of the most abundant and presumably important protists are difficult to cultivate, necessitating the use of cultivation-independent methods analogous to those developed for prokaryotes. Instead of the 16S rRNA gene used for bacteria and archaea, the 18S rRNA gene is key for protists. Studies of this gene have uncovered high diversity in natural protist communities and, along with sequences of other genes, have upended models of eukaryote evolution. These studies indicate that the eukaryotic Tree of Life consists almost entirely of protists, with higher plants, fungi, and animals as mere branches.
8
Clarke, Andrew. Temperature regulation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For many organisms there is a fitness advantage to being warm. Many organisms use behavioural thermoregulation to maintain a high body temperature during the day, basking in the sun to warm up and retreating to the shade to avoid overheating. This option is not open to most aquatic organisms, or those living in soil or sediment. It is also generally not possible for small or nocturnal organisms. A small number of active predatory fish utilise a counter-current heat exchanger (rete mirabile) to retain metabolic heat and warm their muscles, brain or eyes. A few have modified optical muscles as heater organs, and a range of plants generate heat to aid dispersal of scent and attract pollinators. A wide range of larger insects use rapid but unsynchronised muscle contraction to elevate their body temperature prior to flight, or other activity. In hot climates organisms may need to dissipate heat to avoid overheating. The major behavioural mechanism is shade-seeking, or for small organisms stilting or climbing onto objects such as plants to move out of the hottest air net to the ground. Larger mammals may tolerate a limited degree of warming during the day, releasing this in the cool of the night. Evaporative cooling is very effective at losing heat, but because it loses valuable water it can only be used sparingly in arid areas.
Частини книг з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
1
Rapti, Stavroula, Stamatis C. Boyatzis, Shayne Rivers, and Anastasia Pournou. "Siderophores and their Applications in Wood, Textile, and Paper Conservation." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 301–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSince the 1950s, siderophores have been acknowledged as nature’s chelating powerhouse and have been given considerable attention concerning their crucial roles in microorganisms and plants for capturing non-bioavailable iron from aquatic and terrestrial environments, as well as for their applications in agriculture, health, and materials science and environmental research. In recent years, the exceptional affinity and complexing efficacy, as well as the high selectivity of these potent chelators towards iron(III), have led to investigations by researchers aiming at understanding their capacity for removing potentially harmful and aesthetically unacceptable iron stains from organic substrates in cultural heritage objects. In the context of the conservation of cultural heritage objects, potent chelators have been proposed to remove iron from surfaces by transferring it to the more soluble complexed phase. In this review, the origins and the types of bio-environments of siderophores as well as their structure and chemistry are investigated and related to the requirements of conservation. It is evident that, given the enormous potential that these chelators have, the research for their application in cultural heritage is at a preliminary level, and has to date been within the rather narrow context of cellulosic materials such as paper and wood. The results of research conducted to date are presented in this review and questions regarding the optimal use of siderophores as iron-removing agents are posed.
2
"Anticancer Compounds from Higher Plants." In Biomaterials from Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms, 267–96. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482280470-9.
Повний текст джерела
3
Worbes, Martin, and Wolfgang J. Junk. "Geoecological Controls on Elemental Fluxes in Communities of Higher Plants in Amazonian floodplains." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Navigators visiting the Amazon during the fifteenth century provided the earliest descriptions of aquatic systems in the region, but it was not until mid twentieth century that systematic studies of the limnology of Amazon waters began (Sioli 1984). The inclusion of vegetation as an important part of the aquatic biota was only possible after the relatively recent change from traditional potamic limnology to wetlands limnology (Sioli 1975). The first studies of the vegetation of Amazon wetlands consisted mainly of species descriptions, and it is only recently that studies of floodplain vegetation have attained a level of importance equivalent to that of studies dealing with water chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fishes. For the past thirty years, fertile floodplain systems along Whitewater rivers (várzea) have been focal areas of colonization. This fertility also supports high rates of primary production within the higher plants, especially of the herbaceous vegetation (Piedade et al. 1991, Junk and Piedade 1993a, 1997). Quickly turning-over pools of nutrients (Junk and Furch 1991, Furch and Junk 1992, 1997a) and direct connections with contiguous terra firme forest and river channels (Alves 1993, Furch and Junk 1997b) are also characteristic of these floodplain systems. As a consequence of the annual floodpulse (Junk et al. 1989), floodplain vegetation is subjected to aquatic and terrestrial phases, which hold important ecological implications for both the plant populations and related aquatic and terrestrial biota. Life cycles of the species and the time available for growing depend upon the duration of inundation and drought periods and the habit of the species. During the year, pulses of growth and dormancy occur and herbaceous vegetation changes its species composition according to the phase of the hydrological cycle. In this chapter we discuss the distribution and the development of plant communities in floodplain areas, mainly of the big Whitewater rivers, focusing on factors such as diversity, species composition, biomass and primary production. Based upon these factors, we also discuss the annual dynamics of bioelements stocks and their turnover through herbaceous and floodplain forest communities. Finally, we examine the implications of such nutrient dynamics and turnover for the aquatic biota.
4
Emdadul Hoque, Md, and Fazlur Rashid. "Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass Solid Waste and Aquatic Plants." In Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reduction of conventional fuel has encouraged to find new sources of renewable energy. Oil produced from the pyrolysis method using biomass is considered as an emerging source of renewable energy. Pyrolytic oil produced in pyrolysis needs to be upgraded to produce bio-oil that can be used with conventional fuel. However, pyrolytic oil contains high amounts of oxygen that lower the calorific value of fuel, creates corrosion, and makes the operation unstable. On the other hand, the up-gradation process of pyrolytic oil involves solvent and catalyst material that requires a high cost. In this regard, the co-pyrolysis method can be used to upgrade the pyrolytic oil where two or more feedstock materials are involved. The calorific value and oil yield in the co-pyrolysis method are higher than pyrolytic oil. Also, the upgraded oil in the co-pyrolysis method contains low water that can improve the fuel property. Therefore, the co-pyrolysis of biomass waste is an emerging source of energy. Among different biomasses, solid waste and aquatic plants are significantly used as feedstock in the co-pyrolysis method. As a consequence, pressure on conventional fuel can be reduced to fulfill the demand for global energy. Moreover, the associated operating and production cost of the co-pyrolysis method is comparatively low. This method also reduces environmental pollution.
5
Selinus, O. "Biogeochemical Monitoring in Medical Geology." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How can we determine the distribution of metals and other elements in our environment? The Geological Survey of Sweden started an innovative monitoring of metals in a monitoring/mapping program in 1980. Before 1980, traditional inorganic stream sediments were used, a method still employed all over the world, but not really suitable for medical work. A new method is used, whereby metal concentrations are determined in organic material consisting of aquatic mosses and roots of aquatic higher plants. These are barrier-free with respect to trace metal uptake and reflect the metal concentrations in stream water (Brundin 1972, 1988, Kabata-Pendias,1992, Selinus 1989). Aerial parts of many plant species do not generally respond to increasing metal concentrations in the growth medium because of physiological barriers between roots and above-ground parts of plants. These barriers protect them from uptake of toxic levels of metals into the vital reproductive organs. The roots and mosses, however, respond closely to chemical variations in background levels related to different bedrock types in addition to effects of pollution. The biogeochemical samples provide information on the time-related bioavailable metal contents in aquatic plants and in the environment. One great advantage of using biogeochemical samples instead of water samples is also that the biogeochemical samples provide integrated information of the metal contents in the water for a period of some years. Water samples suffer from seasonal and annual variations depending on, for example, precipitation. The mapping program now covers about 65% of the land area of Sweden (40,000 sample sites, one sample every 6 km²), where about 80% of the population of Sweden is living. This means that there is now available an extensive analytical data base for use in environmental and medical research (Freden 1994). One example of the use of biogeochemical monitoring concerns high cadmium contents in Sweden. In noncontaminated, noncultivated soils, Cd concentration is largely governed by the amount of Cd in the parent material (Thornton 1986). If the substrate concentration is higher than in background concentrations, Cd is readily taken up by roots and is distributed throughout the plants.
6
Maun, M. Anwar. "Mycorrhizal fungi." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mycorrhizal fungi (mycobionts) form a ubiquitous mutualistic symbiotic association with the roots of higher plants (phytobionts) in coastal sand dunes worldwide. These obligate biotrophs perform vital functions in the survival, establishment and growth of plants by playing an active role in nutrient cycling. As such they serve as a crucial link between plants, fungi and soil at the soil–root interface (Rillig and Allen 1999). Mycorrhizas occur in a wide variety of habitats and ecosystems including aquatic habitats, cold or hot deserts, temperate and tropical coastal dunes, tropical rainforests, saline soils, volcanic tephra soils, prairies and coral substrates (Klironomos and Kendrick 1993). Simon et al. (1993) sequenced ribosomal DNA genes from 12 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and confirmed that mycorrhizas (fungal roots) fall into three families. He estimated that they originated about 353–462 million years ago and were instrumental in facilitating the colonization of ancient plants on land. Further evidence was provided by Remy et al. (1994) who discovered arbuscules in an early Devonian land plant, Aglaophyton major, and concluded that mycorrhizal fungi were already established on land > 400 million years ago. Thus the nutrient transfer mechanism of AM fungi was already in existence before the origin of roots. Plant roots probably evolved from rhizomes and AM fungi served as an important evolutionary step in the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients (Brundrett 2002). Over evolutionary time the divergence among these fungi has accompanied the radiation of land plants, and about 200 species of AM fungi have been recognized (Klironomos and Kendrick 1993) that exist in association with about 300 000 plant species in 90% of families (Smith and Read 1997), indicating that AM fungi are capable of colonizing many host species. Approximately 150 of the described mycorrhizal species may occur in sand dunes (Koske et al. 2004). Most host–fungus associations are beneficial to both the plant and the fungus and are thus regarded as mutualistic (++); however, the widespread use of the term mutualism (mutual benefit) for mycorrhizal interactions has been questioned because all associations are not beneficial to both the plant and fungus (Brundrett 2004).
7
"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by Michael D. Netherland. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<em>Abstract</em>.—Herbicide use to control aquatic vegetation in southern reservoirs can elicit a wide range of responses and concerns from the fishing community, lake property owners, and the general public. Debates regarding the need to control aquatic plants, how much vegetation to control and where, and the herbicides chosen can be divisive. This paper will focus on the use patterns and technical features of aquatic herbicides and factors that should be considered when implementing a herbicide program for aquatic plant management in reservoirs. Both the angling community and general public often have misconceptions regarding herbicide use patterns, plant selectivity and nontarget impacts, and management objectives. There are currently 10 herbicide active ingredients registered for aquatic use. Glyphosate and imazapyr are used strictly for emergent aquatic plant control while copper, endothall, and fluridone are used almost exclusively for submersed plant control. The herbicides diquat, carfentrazone, penoxsulam, triclopyr, and 2,4-D are used for both emergent and submersed plant control. Many of the registered herbicides have been used since the 1950s and 1960s for aquatic plant management. Each compound has unique properties that impact the recommended use rates and use patterns, label restrictions, and plant selectivity. There are also several new herbicides that are currently being evaluated for aquatic plants. While herbicides are used in a wide variety of aquatic systems, reservoirs often present unique challenges due to high-flow events and vegetation growing in narrow strips along the shoreline or in open flats. Rapid dilution or dispersion of the herbicide from the target area remains a significant technical challenge in reservoirs. The introduction of invasive plants such as hydrilla <em>Hydrilla verticillata </em>and Eurasian watermilfoil <em>Myriophyllum spicatum </em>has increased the complexity of management decisions. These fast-growing submersed species can be viewed as both beneficial and detrimental to various reservoir systems. While some see these plants as invasive species that require management, others see them as providing valuable habitat in systems with limited native vegetation. Despite both social and environmental challenges, aquatic herbicides continue to provide reliable, relatively rapid results and site-specific aquatic plant management at a wide variety of scales.
8
Bianchi, Thomas S., and Elizabeth A. Canuel. "Isoprenoid Lipids: Steroids, Hopanoids, and Triterpenoids." In Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134147.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses several classes of cyclic isoprenoids and their respective derivatives, which have proven to be important biomarkers that can be used to estimate algal and vascular plant contributions as well as diagenetic proxies. Sterols are a group of cyclic alcohols (typically between C26 and C30) that vary structurally in the number, stereochemistry, and position of double bonds as well as methyland ethyl-group substitutions on the side chain. Sterols are biosynthesized from isoprene units using the mevalonate pathway and are classified as triterpenes (i.e., consisting of six isoprene units). Marine organisms such as phytoplankton and zooplankton tend to be dominated by C27 and C28 sterols, while vascular plants have been shown to have a relatively high abundance of C29 sterols. The chapter shows that although C29 sterols are considered to be the dominant sterols found in vascular plants, these compounds may be present in certain epibenthic cyanobacteria and phytoplanktonic species, indicating that these compounds represent a very diverse and powerful suite of chemical biomarkers in aquatic ecosystems.
9
Vikraman Meera, Aaltharackal, Manorama Thampatti KC, Jacob John, Bhadra Sudha, and Abdulmajeed Sajeena. "Aquatic Plants as Bioremediators in Pollution Abatement of Heavy Metals." In Biodegradation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over use of chemical inputs and exploitation of natural resources have degraded our ecosystem to a large extent. Our water bodies are drastically affected, especially due to the impact of heavy metal loading. The biomagnification that results from these difficult to degrade metals is naturally affecting the human health. The physical and chemical methods commonly employed for water purification are not only highly expensive but also further aggravate the pollution problem. Hence, all efforts must be taken to exploit the emerging green technology approach in pollution remediation. Several aquatic plants have specific affinity towards heavy metals and they flourish well in this contaminated environment. The common mechanisms of phytoremediation and varied type of aquatic plants with high remediation potential are reviewed in this chapter.
10
Rale, Vinay, and Pooja Tendulkar. "Common Duckweeds as a Model System for Climate Change Impact Assessment." In Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management, 364–72. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Common duckweeds – Lemna – are free-floating aquatic macrophytes belonging to Lemnaceae family. They occur universally, in tropical and temperate zones and are enabled to grow in stagnant, slow-flowing, nutrient-enriched waters. They have an ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures (6 – 33 0C) and pH (optimum 5.5 – 7.5). Lemna species also manifest a characteristic macrophyte community in association with plants functioning as a dominant primary producer. Asexual mode of reproduction is exclusive and therefore, all resources are directed towards vegetative growth. Structure wise they show leaflets (frond) and root-like diffuse form. This simple morphological and physiological form offers special scientific and engineering properties – reflected in easy handling and manipulation under laboratory conditions. As a result they are regarded as a model plant system for a number of chemical and biogeochemical studies. Climate change affects plant growth and physiology. For example, increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) or increase in ultraviolet (UV) radiation (due to the thinning of the ozone layer) can have pronounced effects on the growth and development of plants. In many instances the decrease in growth rate can create disturbances in photosynthetic processes. In the recent past there has been a surge in the interest in looking for alternative remediation technologies to meet formidable demands of polluting materials and situations. One such approach is phytoremediation – the use of plants and associated microbes for environmental cleanup. Cardinal points in favour of such an approach are – cost-effectiveness, natural energy-driven and minimal capital and running costs. Potency of Lemna spp. as a phytoremediation agent as well as its limitations haven dealt with in details in literature. Moreover, Lemna spp. are accepted and highly standardized as test organisms in aquatic ecotoxicology. The authors have shown earlier that Lemna spp. can play a vital role in combating pollution burden in a glaring local situation of river pollution. However, the recent trend in research indicates that Lemna spp (duckweeds at large) can play a critical and sensitive role in being an indicator of overt and subtle climate change. The following is an attempt to take a review of such recent trends.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
1
Burns, J. M., D. C. Burns, and J. S. Burns. "Retrofitting Cooling Towers: Estimates Required to Achieve the Next Level of CWA 316(b) Compliance." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act regulates the potential environmental impacts of cooling water intakes in order to mitigate the adverse entrainment and impingement effects on aquatic organisms. The recently proposed EPA regulations require that power plants currently using once-through cooling systems at the very minimum, evaluate the cost and environmental benefits of retrofitting to wet or dry cooling towers for their next permit application. However, a sound cooling tower retrofit assessment cannot be confined to cooling tower issues alone. Cooling tower backfits significantly affect the entire cooling system and generating capacity. Though the industry still awaits the EPA’s February 2004 final action ruling to clarify the regulations for existing plants, it is clear that acceptable methods of plant compliance with 316(b) regulations will be decided based upon the costs of new technology available, including cooling tower retrofits. A plant not able to meet the tight impingement and entrainment reduction percentages required under 316(b) will be required to consider the cost of retrofitting technologies versus the expected environmental benefit. The EPA has complied standard costs for retrofitting cooling towers that are extremely optimistic and limited in their scope, and thus tend to be far lower than a plant would actually accrue during a retrofit. These EPA costs of compliance are accepted by default in the cost-benefit analysis unless a plant can make a compelling case that their site-specific costs are much higher than EPA’s estimate or are wholly disproportionate to the environmental benefits accrued by such a retrofit. In either case, an overly simplistic and non-comprehensive tower retrofit cost estimate will increase the chances of a plant being required to implement a closed-cooling system retrofit, which in nearly all cases is the most costly and difficult alternative. In addition to constructing a tower, a cooling tower retrofit also alters many parts of the existing cooling system. Typically, a once-through condenser is designed to operate in a siphon circuit using low pressure buried piping under the turbine building. The condenser, along with its piping, would likely have to be modified to be compatible for a conversion to a higher pressure closed-loop system. The retrofit would require installation of new circulating water pumps to provide the additional required head. Portions of the plant’s large diameter circulating water piping systems and intakes must be decommissioned or redesigned to accommodate the retrofit. The critical parts of any retrofit evaluation will be to identify the site-specific modifications required for a conversion with a reasonably accurate estimate of capital costs. An accurate retrofit evaluation must reflect the impacts on all of the circulating water system components along with the adjusted overall performance. Obtaining accurate cost data on the full scope of a retrofit project is difficult due to many factors. There have been only a handful of cooling tower retrofits in the U.S. The experiences from these are mostly inapplicable due to either their small size or unique factors that facilitated the cooling system conversion. The site-specific nature of each retrofit, including the interpretation of a matrix of environmental siting issues, makes cooling system retrofit estimates very complex. Developing an accurate estimate requires a thorough review the existing cooling system design equipment, features & layout. These data are best obtained from a site visit and interviews with key system and operations personnel. Retrofit budgets for this evaluation should not be based on very “generic” cases prepared without regard to site-specific design & operating limitations. Instead, a realistic turnkey retrofit budget is based on a well planned project that confronts the broad scope of a retrofit including the range of site-specific factors. This paper will summarize the art of the retrofit and provide considerations to develop more reliable and meaningful closedcycle retrofit cooling system cost estimates. It will describe the critical characteristics of cooling towers, pumps, circulating water piping, and condenser modifications. It will provide recommendations to produce reasonably accurate evaluations of the seasonal and peak period (energy penalty) effects of the retrofitted cooling system on plant generation. In fact, those conversion costs and the negative effects on plant generation are the key to determining the realistic effects of a proposed retrofit. Finally, it will present the major consequences of trading-off the adverse aquatic environmental impacts with airborne ones from a retrofitted wet cooling tower.
2
He, Shuying, Jixiang Li, Yatong Xu, Erkun Hu, and Haizhen Yang. "Water Purification of High-Salinity River by Floating Bed Grown Aquatic Plants." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516142.
Повний текст джерела
3
Gvozdić, Eleonora, Ivana Matić-Bujagić, Tatjana Đurkić, and Svetlana Grujić. "Artificial Sweeteners in Groundwater as Indicators of Municipal Pollution." In 34th International Congress on Process Industry. SMEITS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/ptk.021.34.1.55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The widespread use of artificial sweeteners as additives in food, beverages, medicines and oral care products has led to the accumulation of these substances in aquatic ecosystems around the world. Since most of them are metabolically inert and are incompletely eliminated in wastewater treatment plants, municipal wastewater is the main source of these compounds in the environment. Due to the limited knowledge of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity, artificial sweeteeners are recognized as high-priority emerging contaminants. Some of them, such as acesulfame and sucralose, are very persistent in the aquatic environment, so they can be used as chemical markers of municipal wastewater pollution. In this paper, the presence of the most commonly used sweeteners in the Republic of Serbia (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, sucralose and aspartame) was investigated in groundwater from two Belgrade Ranney wells, as well as in the Sava River, in order to assess the impact of untreated municipal wastewater on water sources, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ers as additives in food, beverages, medicines and oral care products has led to the accumulation of these substances in aquatic ecosystems around the world. Since most of them are metabolically inert and are incompletely eliminated in wastewater treatment plants, municipal wastewater is the main source of these compounds in the environment. Due to the limited knowledge of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity, artificial sweeteeners are recognized as high-priority emerging contaminants. Some of them, such as acesulfame and sucralose, are very persistent in the aquatic environment, so they can be used as chemical markers of municipal wastewater pollution. In this paper, the presence of the most commonly used sweeteners in the Republic of Serbia (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, sucralose and aspartame) was investigated in groundwater from two Belgrade Ranney wells, as well as in the Sava River, in order to assess the impact of untreated municipal wastewater on water sources, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
4
Shevtsova, Natalie L., Dmitriy I. Gudkov, and Andrian A. Yavnyuk. "Some Aspects of Radioecological Monitoring of High Aquatic Plants From Water-Bodies Within the Chernobyl Accident Exclusion Zone." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact analysis of low doses of ionizing radiation on the breathers in natural populations is an important part of radiobiological studies of non-human biota. The main aim of our studies was to investigate some cytogenetic, morphological and reproductive rates of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.) from different water bodies within the Chernobyl accident exclusion zone. The absorbed dose rate for littoral emergent plants in sampling water bodies was varied from 1.3E−02 to 1.6E−01 Gy/h. The rate and main types of chromosome aberrations in roots meristems, morphological damages in seed germs, as well as rates of germinating ability and power were analyzed. There were registered rather low rate of germinating ability (14–48%) and germinating power (<1) of seeds from all sampling water bodies with high levels of radioactive contamination in comparison to control ones. Against the general suppressed background the effect of relative stimulation of more affected seeds was observed. With increase of absorbed dose in range of 1.3E−02–1.6E−01 Gy/h the number of germinated seeds was increased. At the same time the number of morphological damages of seeds was increased as well. There was determined the positive correlation between absorbed dose rate and chromosome aberration rate in roots of the common reed from sampling water bodies. The highest rate of chromosome aberrations (up to 17%) were registered in plants with high level of morphological deviations in seeds germs. The data obtained from the complex analysis of natural populations of the common reed from the radioactive contaminated water bodies testify about rather high level of genetic efficiency of low doses of long-term exposure.
5
Bulat, Denis, Dumitru Bulat, Marin Usatii, Nina Fulga, Oleg Crepis, Nicolae Saptefrati, and Rostislav Chelmenciuc. "Particularităţile ihtiofaunei în zona Amonte-Aval de barajul Dubăsari." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the taxonomic structure and ecological indices of the fish communities in two types of aquatic ecosystems separated by the Dubasari Dam. The carried out research revealed a richer specific diversity and significantly higher quantitative values of fishing communities in the downstream area of the hydro power plant. The decisive factor is the fragmentation of the Dniester River, causing the interruption of reproductive, trophic and winter migration of reobionticfish species.
6
Bowman, Charles F. "The Third Option for Meeting 316(b) Requirements." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act requires plants with intake flows of over 2 million gallons of water per day taken from the waters of the United States to implement the “best available” technology to reduce injury and death of fish and other aquatic life that may be impinged on or entrained in the intake. The two options commonly identified to address 316(b) are closed cycle cooling and fish screens. A third option that is often overlooked and may be less expansive is to implement changes in the plant, allowing it to operate with less condenser circulating water (CCW) flow. Most CCW systems of power plants were originally designed to achieve an economic optimum balance between capital cost and the operating benefit of a lower main condenser (MC) pressure with the resulting increased electrical output. For those plants that are located on rivers, lakes, and oceans where CCW was abundant and free, economics often dictated high CCW flows impelled by low-head pumps and MC’s designed with minimal surface areas, as larger MC’s were not justified on the basis of economics. The passage of Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act suggests a new look at the existing CCW system design for many plants with the goal of reducing the required CCW flow rate. In some instances simply reducing the CCW flow rate may be sufficient to meet 316(b) requirements. In other cases, the reduction of CCW flow may significantly reduce the capital and operating cost of adding cooling towers and/or fish screens. This paper investigates ways to reduce the required CCW flow to existing power plants by redesigning and modifying the existing CCW system based on current technology. The result could be a new, improved, MC and other turbine cycle equipment and perhaps new CCW pumps, resulting in the same or better plant performance. The paper presents case studies in which the CCW systems for two power plants are redesigned to reduce the CCW flow.
7
Al-Shamary, Noora. "Assessment of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants along the Qatari Coast." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Qatar sits in the middle of the world’s most important hydrocarbon producing areas where significant regional refining activity and shipping traffic take place. In addition to significant local coastline, development prominently along the eastern coast, has taken place over recent decades. Protecting Qatar’s marine ecosystems from the adverse effects of environmental contaminants is a core component of the Environmental Development pillar within the National Vision 2030. However, a limited number of studies have investigated contaminant concentrations in the coastal environment of Qatar. The accumulation of contaminants in aquatic environments can affect coastal and marine ecosystems, and cause adverse effect on marine organisms and human health. This study aims to determine contamination in Qatar’s coastal environment by measuring organic and inorganic contaminants, along with physiochemical parameters, at four sites located on the contrasting east and west coast of the country. The Pearl Oyster Pinctada radiata, which is considered an iconic organism in Qatar, was used to determine a baseline of contaminants in an aquatic organism. Surface seawater, surface sediment and oysters were collected four times over two years in different seasons from the four sites. In-situ parameters (temperature, pH, and salinity), and abiotic parameters (TOC and grain sizes) were measured for seawater and sediment. Organic (TPHs, PAHs) and inorganic contaminants (trace metals including: Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, T-Hg) were measured in all samples. Overall, Al Wakra (higher in boat traffic and fueling activities) on the east coast reported the highest levels of contaminants. High PAHs were observed in oyster tissues, while high Pb was noted in seawater and high Zn was observed in sediment and oyster. Benzo (a) pyrene was the highest compound detected in oyster. However, high TPHs were also noted in oyster tissues from Simaisma. At Al Khor, also on the east coast, high level of TPHs were recorded in seawater, while high PAHs and TOC observed in surface sediment, which had a relatively higher clay and silt content than other sites. Umm Bab (with a desalination plant near the coast), the sole sample site on the west coast, showed the highest level of TOC in seawater and sediment, highest Ni in seawater and highest total mercury in oyster. Our results, in general, report lower levels in seawater and sediment compared to other studies in the region and more widely; however, in oysters most of the contaminants are higher when compared to international guideline values. These higher levels indicate the potential for these filter-feeding organisms to absorb contaminants into their tissues from the environment that surrounds them. Additionally, bioaccumulation can occur. This study provides background information for further investigation to understand the presence and distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in Qatar’s rapidly changing coastal environment. It indicates the usefulness of applying a holistic view to environmental monitoring including the use of biomonitoring.
8
Mizuno, Katsunori, and Akira Asada. "Three dimensional mapping of aquatic plants at shallow lakes using 1.8 MHz high-resolution acoustic imaging sonar and image processing technology." In 2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2014.0342.
Повний текст джерела
9
Tang, Zhongping, Peng Jin, Dingwei Sun, Shaoming Zhang, and Weimin Liu. "Investigation of Some Base Oil as Biodegradable Water-Cooling Two-Stroke Engine Oil." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to statistics, a large portion of used lubricants remain as potential hazards for the environment. Particularly, about 30 to 50% lubricant used in outboard marine engines is not burned completely and released into the water. As a result, consumers demand environmentally compatible lubricants due to concern about loss of mineral oil-based lubricants to the environment which can result in water contamination and pose a threat to animal and plant life. To prevent bioaccumulation of these materials in aquatic plants and animals, many agencies are considering regulations toward to biodegradable two-stroke outboard marine engines oil. Vegetable oils and ester oils are very suitable to develop “green lubricants”. Ester oils usually show excellent high temperature stability, low temperature fluidity, high viscosity index, very low volatility, good miscibility and biodegradability, but they are expensive and also produce many poisonous materials to environmental during produce process. Vegetable oils are biodegradable, nontoxic and renewable, moreover, their cost is reasonable compared to ester oils. Accordingly, vegetable oils are considered as potential candidates to replace conventional mineral oil-based lubricating oils, but the poor oxidative stability limits their utilization in large scale. Investigation of this work have found that proper percentage rapeseed oil can meet the requirements of biodegradable water-cooling two stroke engine oil, futhermore this two-cycle engine oil has good miscibility without need any miscibility-enhancing solvents. Research results indicate that two-cycle engine oil, which comprised rapeseed oil, ester oil and low viscosity hydrocracked oil as well as functional additives, exhibits good oxidative stability, easy biodegradability and good miscibility.
10
ADAMONYTĖ, Inga, Algis KVARACIEJUS, and Gitana VYČIENĖ. "ECONOMICAL EVALUATION AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF HYDROKINETIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An analysis of the impact of hydrokinetic energy technology schemes has been carried out on the following river parameters: water quality, the riverbed and bank stability, sediment dynamics, coastal and aquatic vegetation, fish communities, noise, aesthetics, fishing and riverbed practicability (kayaks and barges). Hydrokinetic energy generation technologies are compared to conventional tidal technologies. Each parameter assessed was evaluated for minor, notable, high, and very high likelihood of constant and temporary exposure. Subordinate elements, such as aesthetics, fishing, and river practicability were determined to be the greatest possible use of hydrokinetic energy schemes in the world rather than river ecosystem elements. The researchers carried out an approximate assessment of the economic indicators because Lithuania does not operate hydrokinetic power plants. An assessment of reduced investment and electricity market energy purchase price indicates that the approximate payback period is six years and the net present value in the seventh year of operation is EUR 7,450.
Звіти організацій з теми "Higher aquatic plants"
1
Tronstad, Lusha. Aquatic invertebrate monitoring at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: 2019 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring ecosystems is vital to understanding trends over time and key to detecting change so that managers can address perturbations. Freshwater streams are the lifeblood of the surrounding landscape, and their health is a measure of the overall watershed integrity. Streams are the culmination of upland processes and inputs. Degradation on the landscape as well as changes to the stream itself can be detected using biota living in these ecosystems. Aquatic invertebrates are excellent indicators of ecosystem quality because they are relatively long-lived, sessile, diverse, abundant and their tolerance to perturbation differs. Aquatic invertebrates were monitored at three sites along the Niobrara River at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in 2019 completing 23 years of data using Hester-Dendy and Hess samplers. Hess samplers are artificial multi-plate samplers suspended in the water column to allow invertebrates to colonize and Hess samples collect invertebrates in a known area on natural substrate and vegetation. We identified 45 invertebrate taxa from four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda) using both samplers in the Niobrara River (Appendix A and B). Hester-Dendy samplers collected 4 taxa not found in Hess samples and Hess samples collected 17 taxa not collected with Hester-Dendy samplers. Hess samples captured more (91%) than Hester-Dendy samples (62%). Crustacea, Diptera and Ephemeroptera were the most abundant groups of invertebrates collected in the Niobrara River. The proportion of Insecta, Annelida, Trichoptera and Diptera differed between Hester-Dendy and Hess samples (p < 0.05). EPT richness, proportion EPT taxa and Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index (HBI) (p < 0.0001) differed between sampler types, but taxa richness, taxa diversity and evenness (p > 0.29) did not. We collected the highest density of invertebrates at the Agate Middle site. Agate Spring Ranch had the lowest taxa richness and HBI, and the highest proportion of EPT taxa. HBI at the sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.3 (very good to fair from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hester-Dendy and 5.2 to 6.9 (good to fairly poor from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hess sampler.
2
Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, and Yona Chen. Interactions of engineered nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic contaminants in water. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699863.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to be increasingly released into the environment with the rapid increase in their production and use. The discharged CNTs may interact with coexisting contaminants and subsequently change environmental behaviors and ecological effects of both the CNTs themselves and the contaminants. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in the transport of CNTs in the aquatic environment, affecting both CNT's surface properties through adsorption, and its colloidal stability in solution. Therefore, CNT-bound DOM complexes may interact with coexisting contaminants, thus affecting their environmental fate. With increasing production and use of CNTs, there is an increasing risk that humans could be exposed to CNTs mainly through ingestion and inhalation. Since CNTs can be carriers of contaminants due to their high adsorption affinity and capacity, the distribution of these nanoparticles in the environment holds a potential environmental and health risk. Project objectives: The overall goal of this project was to gain a better understanding of the environmental behavior of engineered nanoparticles with DOM and organic pollutant in aqueous systems. The scope of this study includes: characterizing various types of engineered nanoparticles and their interaction with DOM; binding studies of organic contaminants by nanoparticles and DOM-nanoparticle complexes; and examining interactions in DOM-nanoparticles-contaminant systems. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: DOM has a pronounced effect on colloidal stability of CNTs in solution and on their surface chemistry and reactivity toward associated contaminants. The structure and chemical makeup of both CNTs and DOM determine their interactions and nature of formed complexes. CNTs, contaminants and DOM can co-occur in the aquatic environment. The occurrence of co-contaminants, as well as of co-introduction of DOM, was found to suppress the adsorption of organic contaminants to CNTs through both competition over adsorption sites and direct interactions in solution. Furthermore, the release of residual contaminants from CNTs could be enhanced by biomolecules found in the digestive as well as the respiratory tracts, thus increasing the bioaccessibility of adsorbed contaminants and possibly the overall toxicity of contaminant-associated CNTs. Contaminant desorption could be promoted by both solubilization and sorptive competition by biological surfactants. Scientific and agricultural implications: The information gained in the current project may assist in predicting the transport and fate of both CNTs and associated contaminants in the natural environment. Furthermore, the results imply a serious health risk from contaminant-associated CNTs.
3
Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson, and Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.
4
Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
5
Introduction Success of Less Common Species from the Genus Berberis L. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.