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Slomp, Jannes, Jos A. C. Bokhorst, and Remco Germs. "A lean production control system for high-variety/low-volume environments: a case study implementation." Production Planning & Control 20, no. 7 (September 15, 2009): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537280903086164.
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Srinivasan, Mandyam M., and S. Viswanathan. "Optimal work-in-process inventory levels for high-variety, low-volume manufacturing systems." IIE Transactions 42, no. 6 (March 31, 2010): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170902761406.
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Leonardo, Dênis Gustavo, Bruno Sereno, Daniel Sant Anna da Silva, Mauro Sampaio, Alexandre Augusto Massote, and Jairo Celso Simões. "Implementation of hybrid Kanban-CONWIP system: a case study." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 28, no. 6 (July 3, 2017): 714–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2016-0043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Shop floor control systems are generally major points of discussion in production planning and control literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how lean production control principles can be used in a make-to-order (MTO) job shop, where the volume is typically low and there is high variety. This paper examines the procedures involved in implementing a constant work-in-process (CONWIP)/Kanban hybrid system in the shop floor environment and also provides insights and guidelines on the implementation of a hybrid system in a high-variety/low-volume environment. Design/methodology/approach The authors review literature on Kanban, CONWIP, and CONWIP/Kanban hybrid systems to analyze how lean production control principles can be used in a MTO job shop. The second part focuses on the process of implementation. Using a case study of a manufacturer of electromechanical components for valve monitoring and controls, the paper describes how the operation is transformed by for more efficient shop floor control systems. Real experiments are used to compare pre- and post-improvement performance. Findings The study shows that the proposed hybrid Kanban-CONWIP system reduced the cycle time and achieved an increase of 38 percent in inventory turnover. The empirical results from this pilot study provide useful managerial insights for a benchmarking analysis of the actions to be taken into consideration by companies that have similar manufacturing systems. Research limitations/implications The statistic generalization of the results is impossible due to the use of a single case method of study. Originality/value This paper provides insights and guidelines on the implementation of a hybrid system in a high-variety/low-volume environment. The literature on real applications of hybrid CONWIP/Kanban by case study is limited.
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Srinivasan, Mandyam M., Steven J. Ebbing, and Alan T. Swearingen. "Woodward Aircraft Engine Systems Sets Work-in-Process Levels for High-Variety, Low-Volume Products." Interfaces 33, no. 4 (August 2003): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.33.4.61.16377.
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Decker, Rand, Robert Rice, Steve Putnam, and Stanford Singer. "Rural Intelligent Transportation System Natural-Hazard Management on Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth of winter travel on alpine roads in the western United States has increased the risk to motorists and highway maintenance personnel owing to a variety of natural hazards. Hazards include snow and ice, avalanching snow, and blowing and drifting snow. The conditions call for attendant need for incident response. A substantial number of affected routes are low-volume rural winter roads. Configurations have been developed for rural intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology that can detect hazards and provide, autonomously and in real time, warnings to and traffic control actions for motorists, highway maintainers, and incident responders for roadway natural hazards. These warnings include on-site traffic control signing and road closure gates, in-vehicle audio alarms for agency maintenance and patrol vehicles, and notification to highway agency maintenance facilities or centralized multiagency dispatchers. These actions and notifications are initiated automatically from the remote rural sites and via manual intervention from off-site personnel, well removed from the rural roadway corridor itself. About 5 years of experience have been accumulated in using these rural ITS natural-hazard reduction systems, including snow avalanche detection and warning systems on Loveland Pass, Colorado; Hoback Canyon, Wyoming; and Banner Summit, Idaho. Automated road closure gates on the Teton Pass in Idaho and Wyoming now allow for remote road closure during heavy snow events. These cost-effective ITS natural-hazard systems are highly exportable for other processes that affect rural low-volume roadways, including landslide, flooding, high surf, high winds, loss of visibility, wildlife, and other natural hazards of this type.
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Katic, Mile, Dilek Cetindamar, and Renu Agarwal. "Deploying ambidexterity through better management practices: an investigation based on high-variety, low-volume manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 32, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 952–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-07-2020-0276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeWhilst capabilities in exploiting existing assets and simultaneously exploring new opportunities have proven essential in today's organisations, an understanding of how these so-called ambidextrous capabilities are deployed remains elusive. Thus, the authors aim to investigate the role of better management practices (BMP), as organisational routines, in deploying ambidextrous capabilities in practice.Design/methodology/approachHigh-variety, low-volume (HVLV) manufacturers are adopted as exemplar ambidextrous organisations. A conceptual model was developed where BMP, including human resource management (HRM) and production planning and control (PPC), are considered as mediators in the relationship between ambidextrous capabilities and organisational performance outcomes. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was adopted to analyse the results of a survey undertaken by Australian HVLV manufacturers.FindingsThe results suggest that merely holding ambidextrous capabilities is not enough – demonstrating a fully mediating role of BMP between ambidextrous capabilities and HVLV manufacturer performance outcomes. However, the individual effects of PPC and HRM prove varied in their unique impact on HVLV manufacturer performance.Practical implicationsThis study also provides a rare account of how HVLV manufacturers can leverage their inherently ambidextrous design towards greater organisational performance and highlights critical considerations in the selection of organisational capabilities.Originality/valueBy exemplifying the explanatory power of BMP in ambidextrous capability deployment, this study moves beyond the more prevalent stance on the links between BMP and ambidextrous capabilities as that of capability building through management practices, to one concerning the deployment of the capability itself.
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Arasanipalai Raghavan, Venkatesh, Sangwon Yoon, and Krishnaswami Srihari. "Lean transformation in a high mix low volume electronics assembly environment." International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 5, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-07-2013-0042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – This paper aims to focus on integrating a lean framework in a high-mix-low-volume (HMLV) printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) environment to enhance current assembly processes and facility layouts. An HMLV PCBA environment is characterized by stochastic demands, a variety of products in terms of shapes and sizes and different sequences of assembly and test operations, in addition to long cycle times and high fall-out rates. Design/methodology/approach – Preliminary analysis indicates that the push inventory control system led to the longer cycle times, such that various lean methodologies have been applied to enhance the assembly operations. In this research, Kanban sizes for different assembly lines are also estimated to integrate and implement a “pull-system” into the lean framework. In addition, material movement and facility layout have been studied to minimize work-in-process travel time. An “iterative-MAIC” approach has been applied to implement lean principles. Findings – As a result, a lean manufacturing pilot line has been implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the lean principles before rolling them out across the manufacturing floor. It has been shown that the cycle times of the pilot line products are decreased by 40 per cent and the number of defects decreased by 10-30 per cent, depending on different assembly processes, after the lean implementation. Originality/value – There is limited literature that addresses lean transformation in an HMLV electronics manufacturing service provider handling several product types with different testing methodologies, frequent product revision changes and higher fall-out rates. Hence, in this research, lean manufacturing has been implemented in an HMLV PCBA environment, which has the challenges of varying demand with a mix of assembly and test operations for different product families.
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Gan, Zhi Lon, Siti Nurmaya Musa, and Hwa Jen Yap. "A Review of the High-Mix, Low-Volume Manufacturing Industry." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The high-mix, low-volume (HMLV) industry has seen growth in the need for product customisation with research to increase manufacturers’ flexibility for the variation in market demands. This paper reviews 152 documents from 2000 to October 2022, discussing work related to HMLV production. From an industrial perspective, this paper analyses the industries with HMLV, revealing production sectors and research areas, categorising the developed work, type of validation, and applications. The results show that most work is not industry-specific, with production planning as the central aspect of the research. While other parts of the production processes and value chain received less attention, the semiconductor and electronics industries are the two most researched with substantial validation, leaving gaps in other industries. Earlier work primarily focused on the theoretical development of production planning; however, the development of Industry 4.0 technologies advocates decision support systems for reactive production planning. This period sees the rise in robotics and automation, with improved robotics capability and human—robot collaboration. Assembly assistance systems were developed for manual production to aid operators in managing the variety of information. This paper serves as a reference for the HMLV manufacturing industry in a structured manner while identifying potential for future research in this field.
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Huang, Yuan, Daniel R. Eyers, Mark Stevenson, and Matthias Thürer. "Breaking the mould: achieving high-volume production output with additive manufacturing." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 41, no. 12 (October 15, 2021): 1844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-05-2021-0350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe study aims to examine a discrepant industrial case that demonstrates how to achieve economies of scale with additive manufacturing (AM), thereby expanding the scope of AM beyond high-variety, customised production contexts.Design/methodology/approachAbductive reasoning is applied to analyse a case of using AM to compete with conventional production, winning a contract to supply 7,700,000 products. Comparing this case to existing theories and contemporary practices reveals new research directions and practical insights.FindingsEconomies of scale were realised through a combination of technological innovation and the adoption of operations management practices atypical of AM shops (e.g. design for volume, low-cost resource deployment and material flow optimisation). The former improved AM process parameters in terms of time, cost and dependability; the latter improved the entire manufacturing system, including non-AM operations/resources. This system-wide improvement has been largely overlooked in the literature, where AM is typically viewed as a disruptive technology that simplifies manufacturing processes and shortens supply chains.Originality/valueIt is empirically shown that an AM shop can achieve economies of scale and compete with conventional manufacturing in high-volume, standardised production contexts.
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Grandt, Lisa-Maria, Ariane Schweighauser, Alan Kovacevic, and Thierry Francey. "The circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is down-regulated in dogs with glomerular diseases compared to other chronic kidney diseases with low-grade proteinuria." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): e0262121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glomerular diseases (GD) lead to a variety of disorders of the vascular and the total body water volumes. Various pathomechanisms, including vascular underfill and overfill, have been suggested to explain these disturbances. Accordingly, the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (cRAAS) is expected to be activated as either a cause or a result of these fluid disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the activity of the cRAAS in dogs with GD and to evaluate its relationship with the vascular volume status. In a prospective study, we evaluated the plasma renin activity and the serum aldosterone concentration in 15 dogs with GD. Their fluid volume status was estimated with clinical variables reflecting volemia and hydration, echocardiographic volume assessment, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio, and the urinary fractional excretion of sodium. Ten dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with matching degree of azotemia were recruited as controls. The activity of the cRAAS was low in 10 dogs, normal in 3 dogs, high in 1 dog and equivocal (high renin—low aldosterone) in 1 dog with GD. These dogs had a lower cRAAS activity than dogs with CKD (p = 0.01). The clinical evaluation showed 8 hypovolemic and 7 non-hypovolemic dogs; 3 dehydrated, 9 euhydrated and 3 overhydrated dogs. The cRAAS activity was not different between hypovolemic and non-hypovolemic dogs. The down-regulated cRAAS without obvious association with the clinical volume status of these dogs with GD, suggests different mechanisms of fluid volume dysregulation in dogs with GD than previously assumed. This finding however should be confirmed in a focused larger scale study, as it may influence the use of cRAAS blockers as part of the standard therapy of GD in dogs.
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Gjeldum, Nikola, Bashir Salah, Amanda Aljinovic, and Sajjad Khan. "Utilization of Industry 4.0 Related Equipment in Assembly Line Balancing Procedure." Processes 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070864.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, production in high-volume/low-variety batches is replaced with low-volume/high-variety production type. This type of production demands excessive flows of both material and information. Recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), together with the concept of cyber-psychical system (CPS) enable the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). In this paper, the performance of I4.0 related equipment implementation is presented in iterative assembly line balancing (ALB) process of a gearbox assembly line. Largest candidate rule method through spreadsheet simulation was used for tasks reallocations, with the objective to minimize the cycle time when the number of stations is fixed. Utilization of human analysts using snap back method for manual data gathering process still shown advantage over I4.0 equipment utilization in manual ALB. The assembly process is performed in the learning factory environment, and it is considered as very close to real industry process. The major conclusion is that I4.0 is excellent in process data monitoring and product tracking, but activities to be performed to effectively exploit I4.0 is demanding for task reallocations during the balancing procedure. Nevertheless, future enhancements of I4.0 system are listed to bridge this gap and to increase I4.0 system usefulness in the manual assembly line balancing process.
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Katsikopoulos, D., A. Gonzälez-Fernändez, and M. Prieto. "PRELIMINARY RESULTS UPON CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE CALCITE-SPHEROCOBALTITE SOLID SOLUTION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16725.
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The (Ca,Co)C03-H20 system was studied at 25 °C using both precipitation experiments and crystallization in silica gel in order to examine the thermodynamic properties and crystallization of the solid solution. Near the CaC03 endmember, unit cell parameters and volume of the solid phase show an almost linear variation, while near the C0CO3 endmember, the growth of a phase of low crystallinity prevented those calculations. A detailed Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) assigned this phase to a cobalt carbonate hydrate (CoCO}nH20). The fact that cell volumes are plotted above the line that corresponds to the theoretical cell volumes of the two endmembers, indicates positive value of excess volume of mixing (VE), and consequently a non-ideal solid solution. Nucleation under conditions of high supersaturation in gels showed that in all the cases the degree of cobalt incorporation in crystals was low with an average value of cobalt mole fraction (XC0CO3) around 0.03 while -even in the Co-rich zones- this value never exceeded the upper limit of 0.2. Crystal morphologies also exhibited a wide variety of forms as a function of aqueous phase composition.
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McPherson, B., B. Passmore, P. Killeen, D. Martin, A. Barkley, and T. McNutt. "Package design and development of a low cost high temperature (250°C), high current (50+A), low inductance discrete power package for advanced Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 000592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-wa63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The demands for high-performance power electronics systems are rapidly surpassing the power density, efficiency, and reliability limitations defined by the intrinsic properties of silicon-based semiconductors. The advantages of post silicon materials, including Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), are numerous, including: high temperature operation, high voltage blocking capability, extremely fast switching, and superior energy efficiency. These advantages, however, are severely limited by conventional power packages, particularly at temperatures higher than 175°C and >100 kHz switching speeds. In this discussion, APEI, Inc. presents the design of a newly developed discrete package specifically intended for high performance, high current (>50A), rapid switching, and extended temperature (>250°C) wide band gap devices which are now readily available on the commercial market at voltages exceeding 1200V. Finite element analysis (FEA) results will be presented to illustrate the modeling process, design tradeoffs, and critical decisions fundamental to a high performance package design. A low profile design focuses on reducing parasitic impedances which hinder high speed switching. A notable increase in the switching speed and frequency reduces the size and volume of associated filtering components in a power converter. Operating at elevated temperatures reduces the requirements of the heat removal system, ultimately allowing for a substantial increase in the power density. Highlights of these packages include the flexibility to house a variety of device sizes and types, co-packaged antiparallel diodes, a terminal layout designed to allow rapid system configuration (for paralleling or creating half- and full-bridge topologies), and a novel wire bondless backside cooled construction for lateral GaN HEMT devices. Specific focus was placed on minimizing the cost of the materials and fabrication processes of the package components. The design of the package is discussed in detail. High temperature testing of a SiC assembly and electrical test results of a high frequency GaN based boost converter will be presented to demonstrate system level performance advantages.
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Nurainun, Tengku, and Yurike Novita Sari. "Penjadwalan Produksi High Mix Low Volume Menggunakan Algoritma Non Delay untuk Meningkatkan Target Produksi di PT. X." JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 220–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jti.v9i3.6652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intisari— Penelitian ini mengenai penjadwalan produksi high mix low volume menggunakan metode algoritma non delay dan akan dilakukan perbandingan dengan penjadwalan aktual perusahaan untuk meminimasi makespan. PT. X merupakan industri manufaktur yang merupakan produsen medical device (alat medis) produk yang dibuat memiliki 1550 variasi (high mix low volume). Sistem produksi perusahaan ini adalah make to order. Pada tipe produksi ini sulit melakukan penjadwalan produksi karena proses high mix low volume, jenis proses dimana beragam jenis produk yang diproduksi dengan jumlah yang relative rendah. Tingginya beragam jenis produk yang diproduksi menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi dalam pelaksanaan aliran produksi. Sehingga menimbulkan masalah dalam perusahaan seperti estimasi waktu yang sulit yang berdampak pada tidak tercapainya target produksi 90% OTD. Berdasarkan permasalahn tersebut maka dilakukan perbandingan penjadwalan awal pada perusahaan dengan penjadwalan menggunakan metode algoritma non delay. Metode penjadwalan awal pada perusahaan menghasilkan makespan sebesar 125961 menit sedangkan metode algoritma non delay sebesar 27190,18 menit. Maka makespan yang dihasilkan oleh penjadwalan algoritma non delay berkurang 78% daripada penjadwalan awal perusahaan. Abstract— This study discusses the scheduling of high mix low volume production using non-delay algorithm methods and will be carried out by the company's actual scheduling to minimize makespan. PT. X is a manufacturing industry that is a manufacturer of medical devices products that have 1550 variations (high mix low volume). The production system of this company is make to order. In this type of production it is difficult to schedule production because of the high mix low volume process, the type of process in which various types of products are produced with relatively low amounts. The high variety of products produced causes several complications in the implementation of the production flow. So as to cause problems within the company such as difficult time estimates that have an impact on not achieving the 90% OTD production target. Based on the problem, a comparison of the initial scheduling of the company is carried out by scheduling using the non-delay algorithm method. The initial scheduling method at the company produces makespan of 125961 minutes while the non delay algorithm method is 27190.18 minutes. Then the makespan produced by non-delay algorithm scheduling is reduced by 78% than the company's initial scheduling.
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Hamlyn, J. M., and M. P. Blaustein. "Sodium chloride, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure regulation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 251, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): F563—F575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.4.f563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data from humans and experimental animals indicate that hypertensive diseases triggered by extracellular fluid volume expansion are characterized, in their chronic phases, by relatively normal blood volume (BV) and heightened pressure-volume relationship may be viewed as corresponding to a condition of "virtual hypervolemia," where BV is inappropriately "high" relative to blood pressure. The limited data available on the phasic relationship between these variables indicate that the BV expansion appears to be a prerequisite to alterations in vascular ion metabolism, that both of these changes precede the rise in blood pressure, and that structures within the central nervous system may be a critical link between the body fluid volumes and vascular functional changes. In contrast, hypertensive diseases triggered by secretion of pressor agents or their precursors appear to be characterized in their chronic phases by low BV. These relationships and the associated alterations in plasma aldosterone and renin levels are summarized for a variety of clinical syndromes, including essential hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Direct or indirect evidence of a primary or secondary defect in renal function is apparent as an underlying event in many of these diseases.
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Sharieff, Waseem, Anthony Whitton, Tom Chow, Doug Wyman, James Wright, and Jeffrey N. Greenspoon. "The Technique and Cost of Radiosurgery for the Treatment of 1-3 Brain Metastases." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 40, no. 6 (November 2013): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100015912.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background:Radiosurgery can be delivered through a variety of modalities including robotic and fixed gantry linacbased systems. They appear equally effective and safe. Thus, community need and costs remain the main determinants for choosing a given modality. We performed an economic evaluation to identify settings in which one modality could be preferred over the other.Methods:Using local estimates of resource volumes and unit prices, we computed the incremental cost/patient of robotic radiosurgery compared to fixed-gantry radiosurgery from a payer's perspective. By varying parameters of resource volumes, we performed a probabilistic analysis stratified by number of brain lesions. in addition, we performed sensitivity analyses to examine the effect of patient volume on cost/patient.Results:The cost of robotic radiosurgery was $4,783/patient, and cost of fixed-gantry radiosurgery was $5,166/patient. The mean incremental cost was $-383 (95% interval: $-670, $110) for all lesions, $78 ($23, $123) for solitary lesions, and $-610 ($-679, $-534) for multiple lesions. The cost/patient of robotic radiosurgery varied from $5,656 (low volume setting) to $4,492 (high volume setting).Conclusion:in settings of moderate to high volume (6-10 hours of daily operation), and in multiple lesions, robotic radiosurgery is more cost effective than fixed-gantry radiosurgery.
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PELZER, RAINER, SHARON FARRENS, and DENNIS LEE. "PLASMA ACTIVATED BONDING AND IMPRINTING OF POLYMER BY HOT EMBOSSING FOR PACKAGING APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 04 (August 2005): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003474.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hot embossing is a well-acknowledged low cost, high resolution, large area 3D patterning process for polymers. This technique allows rapid prototyping for high volume production of fully patterned substrates for a wide range of thermoplastic polymer materials. The advantages of using polymer substrates over common Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) processing materials like glass, silicon or quartz are: bio-compatible surfaces, easy manufacturability, low cost for high volume production, suitable for use in micro- and nano-fabrication, low conductivity, wide range of optical properties just to name a few. The article will present experimental results on HE processes with PMMA, mr-I8030, mr-L6000 and NEB22 on full 8" wafer sizes. Packaging of the imprinted features is a key technology for a wide variety of optical and fluidic applications in the μm and nm-range: m-TAS, micro-mixers, micro-reactors, electrophoresis cells, switches, data storage, etc. Most packaging techniques employed today, use glue material or high temperature sintering methods to bond structured polymer wafers together. These techniques are influencing the appearance of the sub-micron structures. A promising low-temperature polymer-to-polymer direct bonding technique utilizing the cleaning and surface activating behavior of plasma should be established here.
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Han, Wen Min, Jin Lei Zhao, and Ying Chen. "A Virtual Cellular Manufacturing System Design Model Based on Axiomatic Design Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1478.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a virtual cellular manufacturing system building model based on axiomatic design theory. By now most discussions of virtual manufacturing cellular focus on how to format a virtual cell and how to optimize a virtual cell in the execution layer. The attention to “system cost” and “efficiency” mostly were given only after the system-generated. In this paper we build a complete virtual cellular manufacturing system, and pay attention to “system cost” and “efficiency” in the conceptual design phase to make sure the techniques and resource which we choose is low-cost and non-redundant. Meanwhile in Process Domain of the model, we blend the logistics balance idea of TOC theory, waste elimination philosophy of lean manufacturing and the existing conclusions of the virtual cell literature to make sure the tools which we choose are more effective. The model will clearly set out the concept, principle and technology hierarchy of virtual cellular manufacturing system, and can be an effective map for manufacturing enterprises with low-volume and high-variety to apply the virtual cellular production.
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Travieso-González, Carlos M., Yeremi del C. Santana-Suárez, Alejandro Piñán-Roescher, Fabián Déniz, Jesús B. Alonso-Hernandez, José M. Canino-Rodríguez, Fidel Cabrera-Quintero, Jose F. Medina-Padrón, and Antonio Ravelo-García. "Continuous sky digitalization using images from an all-sky camera." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The designed networked system captures and stores high and medium resolution sky images every 2 seconds. The IP camera employed is low-cost, omnidirectional, and its images are accessible from any point with Internet connection, both in real time and to a database, thanks to the configuration of a VPN network. The images obtained by the camera can be utilised for a variety of purposes but are of particular interest for those applications where a large volume of separate images is required for the characteristics of the sky, as the system also provides an innovative method of measuring solar energy, which provides an unambiguous view of the cloud state on any given day.
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Marinakis, G. N., J. C. Barbenel, and S. G. Tsangaris. "A new capillary viscometer for small samples of whole blood." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 216, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441102321032175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new capillary viscometer is described in which a column of blood is discharged under a constant pressure, producing a variety of shear stresses during a single test. Measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian sucrose solutions showed good agreement between the viscosity determined from the new system and the expected values. The viscosity of whole blood was measured in a cone-and-plate viscometer at a wide range of shear rates and characterized using a power law model; good agreement was obtained between the capillary and rotational results at low and medium shear rates. High shear rate results could also be obtained by increasing the driving pressure. The new viscometer proved to be simple to use, utilized a small test volume and produced reliable results.
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Esehaghbeygi, Ali, Ali Tadayyon, and Shahin Besharati. "Effect of Droplet Size on Weed Control in Wheat." Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0004-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effect of Droplet Size on Weed Control in WheatThe efficacy of different water volume and nozzle systems, comprising spinning-discs with two disc speeds (low volume, LV), a spinning-cage rotary atomizer (median volume, MV), a flat fan nozzle Teejet-11004 (high volume, HV), and no weed control, were assessed for the application of 2,4-D to control weeds in irrigated wheat. The herbicide was applied at the tillering stage of cultivated wheat, Ghods variety. Sprayer nozzle performance was evaluated in terms of wheat grain yield, weed shoot biomass, and wheat residual (straw), at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2007 and 2008. ANOVA analysis indicated that nozzle type, and the year had significant effects on grain yield and dry biomass of weeds at 5% confidence. There was a significant difference between the two years of the experiment for all variants. The results indicated that the median diameter volume using the spinning disc (low disc speed) for herbicide application, gave better weed control than others. The spinning disc nozzle decreased water use and so it was cheaper to operate. It did not, however, significantly improve herbicide efficacy, especially in dense canopies compared with the conventional flat fan nozzles. The spinning-disc had more droplet uniformity at high disc speeds compared with the cage rotary atomizer, but was more effective for weed control at low disc speeds.
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Yan, Peihui, Jinguang Jiang, Yanan Tang, Fangning Zhang, Dongpeng Xie, Jiaji Wu, Jianghua Liu, and Jingnan Liu. "Dynamic Adaptive Low Power Adjustment Scheme for Single-Frequency GNSS/MEMS-IMU/Odometer Integrated Navigation in the Complex Urban Environment." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 3236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Positioning accuracy and power consumption are essential performance indicators of integrated navigation and positioning chips. This paper proposes a single-frequency GNSS/MEMS-IMU/odometer real-time high-precision integrated navigation algorithm with dynamic power adaptive adjustment capability in complex environments. It is implemented in a multi-sensor fusion navigation SiP (system in package) chip. The simplified INS algorithm and the simplified Kalman filter algorithm are adopted to reduce the computation load, and the strategy of adaptively adjusting the data rate and selecting the observation information for measurement update in different scenes and motion modes is combined to realize high-precision positioning and low power consumption in complex scenes. The performance of the algorithm is verified by real-time vehicle experiments in a variety of complex urban environments. The results show that the RMS statistical value of the overall positioning error in the entire road section is 0.312 m, and the overall average power consumption is 141 mW, which meets the requirements of real-time integrated navigation for high-precision positioning and low power consumption. It supports single-frequency GNSS/MEMS-IMU/odometer integrated navigation SiP chip in real-time, high-precision, low-power, and small-volume applications.
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Carruthers, Bruce G. "Law, information, and contemporary finance in the United States: a sociological perspective." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 72, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 771–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v72i4.931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The global financial system has become remarkably complex as it combines high transaction volumes with growing speed. Financial transactions depend critically on information to mitigate uncertainty and vulnerability, and such transactions are therefore affected by recent developments in information technology, driven by fintech firms and commonly termed ‘big data’. The volume, velocity and variety of information is unprecedented and poses new challenges for governance. Legal rules for data ownership, privacy, security and usage are becoming obsolete and ineffective in the context of algorithmic information processing and decision-making. Yet some types of information remain embedded in financial contracts and regulations, relatively unaffected by these developments. This variation challenges simplistic claims about big data and underscores how some of the historical particularities of the United States have gained global significance.
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Wang, Ying, Bao Ming Han, and Bin Zheng. "The Changing of Passenger Flow Volume and Distribution of Sharing when High Speed Railway Speed Reducing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reduction of high speed railway speed has an influence on not only high speed railway passenger flow but also passenger flow of the public transport system within the scope of relevant transportation corridor. Calculate method of percentage of passenger transport with a variety of public transport mode using Logit model is presented. And analysis of Wuhan Guangzhou high speed railway passenger flow changes before and after reducing speed is introduced. Modify Logit model making it can be applied to the passenger flow partaking rates to meet the changing trend of passenger flow. Bring in new ideas of using Logit to calculate the distribution rate of passenger flow and provide reliable and effective solutions. To provide reference for a more scientific way of express passenger flow partaking rates for development of passenger flow law and analyzing of China's current influence factors.
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Rizzi, Federica, Rachele Castaldo, Tiziana Latronico, Pierluigi Lasala, Gennaro Gentile, Marino Lavorgna, Marinella Striccoli, et al. "High Surface Area Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Tunable Size in the Sub-Micrometer Regime: Insights on the Size and Porosity Control Mechanisms." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mesoporous silica nanostructures (MSNs) attract high interest due to their unique and tunable physical chemical features, including high specific surface area and large pore volume, that hold a great potential in a variety of fields, i.e., adsorption, catalysis, and biomedicine. An essential feature for biomedical application of MSNs is limiting MSN size in the sub-micrometer regime to control uptake and cell viability. However, careful size tuning in such a regime remains still challenging. We aim to tackling this issue by developing two synthetic procedures for MSN size modulation, performed in homogenous aqueous/ethanol solution or two-phase aqueous/ethyl acetate system. Both approaches make use of tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor, in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, as structure-directing agent, and NaOH, as base-catalyst. NaOH catalyzed syntheses usually require high temperature (>80 °C) and large reaction medium volume to trigger MSN formation and limit aggregation. Here, a successful modulation of MSNs size from 40 up to 150 nm is demonstrated to be achieved by purposely balancing synthesis conditions, being able, in addition, to keep reaction temperature not higher than 50 °C (30 °C and 50 °C, respectively) and reaction mixture volume low. Through a comprehensive and in-depth systematic morphological and structural investigation, the mechanism and kinetics that sustain the control of MSNs size in such low dimensional regime are defined, highlighting that modulation of size and pores of the structures are mainly mediated by base concentration, reaction time and temperature and ageing, for the homogenous phase approach, and by temperature for the two-phase synthesis. Finally, an in vitro study is performed on bEnd.3 cells to investigate on the cytotoxicity of the MNSs.
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Myles, David, David Milne та Jonathan D. Shephard. "Scanned Mask Imaging Ablative DPSS UV Laser Process for 2μm L/S RDL". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (1 січня 2015): 000554–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Laser embedding conductors within a dielectric offers numerous advantages in fabricating redistribution layers (RDLs) for chip packages. Ablation of features down to 2μm L/S gives more routing space per layer and addresses the technology gap between semiconductor and PCB technologies. Microvias are made in the same process step as the circuitry, facilitating near padless vias further increasing the routing space available per layer. For a given package, this reduces the layer count and conductor path length required reducing the height profile of the package and improving signal integrity. Embedding the conductor can also improve its adhesion to the substrate and improve the co-planarity of subsequent layers in the build up. It also removes the need for the wet photochemistry associated with lithographic techniques. This presentation analyses the results of a novel UV, diode pumped solid state (DPSS), ablative mask imaging laser system for cost effective, high volume, 3D structuring of organic dielectrics. Two methods are widely used to micro-structure materials by laser: mask projection and direct write. Excimer lasers are typically used in mask projection systems, where their high pulse energy and low coherence make them well suited to imaging. These systems can achieve the required ablation quality with 2–3μm line width and space, however excimer lasers have a high capital cost and require regular and costly maintenance when compared with DPSS lasers. The high beam quality and lower pulse energy of DPSS lasers makes them better suited to a direct write approach. A galvanometer scan head used in conjunction with an f-theta scan lens can be used to scan a focused beam across a substrate. Since the pattern is defined by a CAD file, these systems are very flexible and thus appropriate for low volume prototyping. However, complicated control systems are required to accurately control the ablated depth, and constraints in the circuit design are imposed by the direct write approach. Also, because each feature is marked sequentially, the process time is proportional to the pattern complexity, which makes these tools prohibitively slow for high volume manufacture of the high density RDLs required in the next generation of device packages. This presentation outlines a scanned mask imaging system, wherein a low maintenance, cost efficient, frequency tripled, nanosecond, multimode UV solid state laser is used to illuminate a binary reticle. The multimode beam has an approximately Gaussian beam profile which is homogenised to form a square, flat top profile. A galvanometer scan head is used to raster scan the binary reticle. The reticle is subsequently imaged onto the substrate by a projection lens. Ablation of various features down to 2μm L/S in a variety of low K organic dielectrics is demonstrated. Accurate registration of pads with vias down to 5μm diameter highlights the feasibility of the process for high density RDLs and micro-vias for organic interposers. The process can achieve an ablation quality comparable to that of an excimer laser system, but with the advantage of significant cost saving and ease of maintenance in an industrial environment.
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Morris, Michael, and Robert Herbert. "The design and performance of a vertical flow reed bed for the treatment of high ammonia, low suspended solids organic effluents." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A design approach for vertical flow constructed wetlands based on selection of not only bed size, but also substrate characteristics, configuration, plant species/variety and management is piloted in a trial system to treat sugar beet processing wastes. In the beet processing season these wastes are hot, low in suspended solids and relatively high in ammoniacal nitrogen. The pilot system consists of a small, coarse substrate first stage followed by a larger, fine substrate second stage. Results in the beet processing season show 87.3% COD removal, 87.7% TSS removal and a 79.5% reduction in ammoniacal nitrogen. Treating larger volumes of cooler stored wastes out of season, the mean removal efficiencies were 73.9% for COD, 88.0% for TSS and 93.4% for ammoniacal nitrogen. TSS removal m−2 was found to be independent of influent concentration and temperature, whilst COD removal m−2 was found to be independent of temperature, but not influent concentration. Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen appeared to be dependent upon influent concentration and, in particular, upon temperature. Infiltration rates were shown to be negatively correlated to length of dosing cycle. Simple models of substrate permeability based on substrate particle size distribution are seen to be inadequate for describing infiltration rates in vertical downflow systems, even those treating low strength wastes.
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Lawrence, Dale A., and Ben B. Balsley. "High-Resolution Atmospheric Sensing of Multiple Atmospheric Variables Using the DataHawk Small Airborne Measurement System." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 2352–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00089.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The DataHawk small airborne measurement system provides in situ atmospheric measurement capabilities for documenting scales as small as 1 m and can access reasonably large volumes in and above the atmospheric boundary layer at low cost. The design of the DataHawk system is described, beginning with the atmospheric measurement requirements, and articulating five key challenges that any practical measurement system must overcome. The resulting characteristics of the airborne and ground support components of the DataHawk system are outlined, along with its deployment, operating, and recovery modes. Typical results are presented to illustrate the types and quality of data provided by the current system, as well as the need for more of these finescale measurements. Particular focus is given to the DataHawk's ability to make very-high-resolution measurements of a variety of atmospheric variables simultaneously, with emphasis given to the measurement of two important finescale turbulence parameters, (the temperature turbulence structure constant) and ɛ (the turbulent energy dissipation rate). Future sensing possibilities and limitations using this approach are also discussed.
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Arifin, A., R. Khaerani, A. K. Lebang, I. Idris, S. Dewang, and D. Tahir. "Low-Cost High-Sensitive Plastic Optical Fiber-Based Sensor for Detection of CO(NH2)2 Urea." Journal of Sensors 2022 (March 7, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6611443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this research, a urea level sensor based on plastic optical fiber was made using the macro bending method and two kinds of configurations. The sensor is made with a gamma and band configuration with a variety of cladding, no cladding, and imperfection and immersed in the urine sample which has different urea. This is aimed at determining the optimal sensor as a urea level sensor. The object measured was a urine sample with different urea concentrations ranging from 336.1 mg/dL to 1384.3 mg/dL, with the same volume for each concentration in the container or sample holder. The light from LED is transmitted through a plastic optical fiber, received by the phototransistor, then amplified by the differential amplifier, and converted by the microcontroller to voltage as the final results on the computer. Changes in urea levels result in changes in the refractive index around the sensor. The results showed that the more imperfection given to the plastic optical fiber sensor with gamma and band configuration, the better the range, sensitivity, and resolution. The best measurements were obtained in the band configuration with PANI-ZnO coating using six imperfections with the range value of 0.514 volts, the sensitivity value of 0.367 mvolt/mg dL-1, and the resolution value of 2.724 mg/dL. The sensor is suitable for urea levels in medical, agricultural, or industrial applications with the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of operation.
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Raj, A. Kanni, and K. Uma Sudan. "Advancements in Ionomers for Fuel Cell Ion Exchange Membranes, Lithium Ion Battery Electrolyte Membranes and Supercapacitors." Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources 8, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scientists are being pushed to find more sustainable energy conversion and storage solutions as pollution levels rise, oil costs rise, and climate change becomes more problematic. Devices such as fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrolyzers are examples of devices that may significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions. These devices rely on ionic conductive polymers or ionomers (protonic, anionic, and amphoteric). For a variety of applications ranging from mobile to automotive and cogeneration systems, such ionomers must have high chemical and mechanical stability, performance and durability, low reagent permeability, and weight, volume, and current density. Unfortunately, the expensive cost of perfluorinated ionomers, as well as anionic polymers' low stability in alkaline settings, limit their usage.
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Khviyuzova, Kristina Aleksandrovna, Николай Иванович Bogdanovich, Nadezhda Leonidovna Voropayeva, and Vladimir Vladimirovich Karpachev. "ACTIVE CARBONS, OBTAINED BY THERMOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF RAPE STRAW." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020014453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The presence of a huge amount of waste of plant origin, including annually renewable, is a high innovative resource for obtaining a variety of useful products of large and small-tonnage chemistry. Processing straw of agricultural crops into activated carbons (AC), which are successfully used in various industries and agriculture, is one of the possible directions of using agricultural waste (AIC) to obtain new functional materials with specific properties. The paper presents studies on the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of activated carbons based on rape straw and discusses the prospects of their application for solving the most important problems of the agricultural sector. The effect of thermochemical activation temperature (650–750 °С) on the characteristics of the porous structure of adsorbents was studied. The characteristics are calculated on the basis of isotherms of low-temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Temperature dependences of the specific surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume were obtained. It was found that KOH promotes surface development and the formation of a porous system in the entire temperature range.
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Rahatekar, S. S., J. A. Roux, E. Lackey, and J. G. Vaughan. "Multiple Injection Port Simulation for Resin Injection Pultrusion." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 6 (September 2005): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resin injection pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacturing composite materials. Complete wet-out of the reinforcement fibres in the resin injection chamber is essential for producing good quality pultruded parts. The magnitude of the injection pressure is extremely important to achieve good wet-out of the reinforcement fibres. At high pull speeds, high viscosity, or high fibre volume fractions, the injection pressures required to achieve complete wet-out are very high and are practically very difficult to achieve. This work focuses on reducing the injection pressure needed to achieve complete wet-out by using a multiple injection port system for epoxy/glass rovings and polyester/glass rovings composites. The recommended injection pressures for complete wet-out are predicted for a variety of processing parameters. Darcy's law for flow through porous media is employed for modelling the fibre/resin system of injection pultrusion. The governing equations are solved via the finite volume method to predict the resin pressure field, the resin velocity field, and the location and shape of the resin flow front. Different permeability models1,2 are used to determine the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability.
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Tzermias, Gregory, Sam Akehurst, Richard Burke, Chris Brace, Sunoj George, Johan Bernards, and Christopher Smith. "Methodology for the Optimisation of Battery Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Mass and Volume Using a Power-To-Energy Ratio Analysis." Batteries 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7020037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasingly stringent emission regulations and environmental concerns have propelled the development of electrification technology in the transport industry. Yet, the greatest hurdle to developing fully electric vehicles is electrochemical energy storage, which struggles to achieve profitable specific power, specific energy and cost targets. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs), which combine energy- and power-optimised sources, seem to be the most promising solution for improving the overall performance of energy storage. The potential for gravimetric and volumetric reduction is strictly dependent on the overall power-to-energy ratio (PE ratio) of the application, packaging factors, the minimum and maximum PE ratio achievable for the system’s energy- and power-optimised sources and the performance of power electronics. This paper presents a simple optimisation methodology that considers these factors and identifies the optimal HESS requirements that may present new opportunities for a variety of vehicles where low weight and volume are of high importance. The simplicity of the method means that decisions relating to a HESS can be made earlier in the system design process. This method of analysis showed that a battery HESS has the potential to reduce cell mass and volume by over 30% for applications that are well suited to optimal HESS characteristics.
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Weiland, P., and H. Thomsen. "Operational Behaviour of an Industrial Fixed Bed Reactor for Biomethanation of Alcohol Slops from Different Crops." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Distillery slops from a multicrop ethanol plant are difficult to treat anaerobically, because the composition and load changes throughout the year due to processing of different sugar-and starch-containing crops. For achieving high COD removal efficiencies and good process stabilities at medium strength loading rates, a two-phase anaerobic treatment process with a fixed-bed reactor for biomethanation was developed and tested in pilot-scale. On the basis of these experiments a full-scale unit with 1,800 m3 reactor volume was erected, which has been in operation for more than one year. The fixed-bed reactor is operated with COD loads up to 10 kg COD/m3d at hydraulic retention times of about 5 days. A variety of highly concentrated slops can be treated successfully with COD removals from 85 % to over 90 %. The fixed-bed reactor withstood sudden changes in wastewater strength and composition and is able to handle hydraulic overloads. Operational data from the industrial unit show that the performance and reliability of the fixed-bed reactor is much better than a conventional contact system, which was operated in a parallel run in the same scale. The results show, that the application of fixed-bed reactors can be recommended for a wide variety of high-strength wastewaters with low suspended solids contents.
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Baginski, Thomas A., Robert N. Dean, and Steven P. Surgnier. "A New Robust One-Shot Switch for High-Power Pulse Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (January 1, 2011): 001650–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-wp21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High Voltage (HV) switches capable of operating at high speeds and over a wide range of voltages and energies are used in a variety of pulse power applications in material science and plasma physics. Of particular interest is the use of small-scale capacitor discharges to measure the electrical properties of materials as they are heated from solid through liquid to a gas phase. In a capacitive discharge unit (CDU), energy stored in a capacitor is coupled through a switch into a low-impedance transmission line, which typically terminates with a thin sample of material. The energy coupled to the sample is sufficient to cause vaporization. Voltages in such systems range from a few volts to thousands of volts. These vaporized materials are used either as plasma sources for physics experiments, or to propel a thin layer of electrically insulating polymer for high-pressure-impact studies. Several types of switches have been used to drive these systems, including triggered spark gap, dielectric breakdown, and mercury vapor switches. A wide variety of solid-state devices, such as the insulated gate bipolar transistors, are also being utilized for these applications. Inducing a high-pressure shock wave in a dielectric to produce a transition from dielectric to conductor has also been used as an efficient single-shot switch for capacitor discharges. The high-voltage micro-machined switch presented in this document has been designed as a single-use alternative to the more expensive triggered spark gaps and solid-stage devices. The plasma-bridge switch is intended for large-volume, relatively inexpensive systems, and a cost-effective switch for use in destructive testing.
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Kudiyarov, R. I., E. B. Dyamurshayeva, G. Z. Sauytbayeva, G. E. Dyamurshayeva, Zh Tuleubayev, and G. K. Ziyaeva. "INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF TOMATOES BY THE METHOD OF LOW-VOLUME HYDROPONICS." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, low-volume hydroponics is the most intensive system for vegetable plant cultivation in a greenhouse, the effective use of which largely depends on the selection of a substrate. The wide variety of substrates used for this technology suggests that when cultivating tomatoes in different regions, substrates from local raw materials can be used, making it possible to preserve all the positive properties of low-volume hydroponics and to get a high yield of tomatoes. This paper presents the results of a study on cultivating Lilos F1 tomatoes hybrid using substrates of peat (control option) and sawdust (SD) and rice husk (RH) in various ratios (SD 100%; RH 100%; SD: RH 50:50; SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 25:75). It was found that the highest tomato yield was received when growing tomatoes using a peat substrate (25.54 kg/m2) and in ratios SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 50:50 (27.70 and 24.57 kg/m2). The calcu-lation of the economical efficiency of tomato cultivation showed that the level of production profitability was deter-mined not so much by the yield as by the cost of the substrate, therefore the most effective was the use of composite substrates SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 50:50, which ensured the production profitability of 14.7% and 14.0%. The obtained results confirmed the expediency of using substrates from sawdust and rice husk to increase the efficiency of low-volume cultivation of tomatoes in regional conditions. It has been established that the use of substrates based on sawdust and rice husk for low-volume cultivation allows preserving all the positive properties of the technology and to get a rich yield of high-quality tomato fruits. The cost-effectiveness analysis of low-volume tomato cultivation using various substrates showed that the level of production profitability was influenced not so much by the yield as by the cost of the substrate. Since the region lacks natural reserves of organic substrates, when peat is used as a substrate, it has to be purchased from the CIS countries, which significantly affects the cost of production. The use of waste products from processing industries such as sawdust and rice husk as substrates, on the contrary, allows you to reduce this cost item in the cost of production and thereby increase the production profitability. The ground for doing research: Source of funding - grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP08956053 «Improving the production efficiency of greenhouse production in the Aral Sea region through the introduction of adapted innovative technology for low-volume tomato cultivation».
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Suleman, Humbul, Abdulhalim Shah Maulud, and Zakaria Man. "Comparative Study of Linear Co-Volume Based Mixing Rules for Equation of State/ Excess Gibbs Energy (EOS/GE) Models for CO2 – MEA and CO2 – MDEA Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the advent of Equation of State/ Excess Gibbs Energy (EOS/GE) models, the linear co-volume based mixing rules have gained vast importance for predicting multi-component VLE for polar mixtures. Owing to their inherent ease of calculation and good prediction abilities, these mixing rules have been applied in extension, to a variety of systems especially for CO2-H2O-alkanolamine systems. However, no comparative study is available to select appropriate mixing rule for prediction of thermodynamic properties. In this study, pressure prediction of various linear co-volume mixing rules has been compared for CO2– MEA and CO2– MDEA systems, while effects of activity coefficients and process parameters have been kept constant. The infinite pressure mixing rules have heavily under – predicted and approximate zero reference pressure mixing rules have over – predicted, but latter are valid for low and medium pressure ranges. The linear combination of Vidal and Michelsen (LCVM) mixing rule have good predictions at high pressures.
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Scott, Simon, and Zulfiqur Ali. "Fabrication Methods for Microfluidic Devices: An Overview." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microfluidic devices offer the potential to automate a wide variety of chemical and biological operations that are applicable for diagnostic and therapeutic operations with higher efficiency as well as higher repeatability and reproducibility. Polymer based microfluidic devices offer particular advantages including those of cost and biocompatibility. Here, we describe direct and replication approaches for manufacturing of polymer microfluidic devices. Replications approaches require fabrication of mould or master and we describe different methods of mould manufacture, including mechanical (micro-cutting; ultrasonic machining), energy-assisted methods (electrodischarge machining, micro-electrochemical machining, laser ablation, electron beam machining, focused ion beam (FIB) machining), traditional micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) processes, as well as mould fabrication approaches for curved surfaces. The approaches for microfluidic device fabrications are described in terms of low volume production (casting, lamination, laser ablation, 3D printing) and high-volume production (hot embossing, injection moulding, and film or sheet operations).
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MORGERA, STANISLAO, SIMONE KUCHINKE, KLEMENS BUDDE, ANDREAS LUN, BERTHOLD HOCHER, and HANS-HELLMUT NEUMAYER. "Volume Stress-Induced Peritoneal Endothelin-1 Release in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 10, no. 12 (December 1999): 2585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v10122585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In long-term peritoneal dialysis, functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane is often associated with proliferative processes of the involved tissues leading to peritoneal fibrosis. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), failure to achieve target values for adequacy of dialysis is commonly corrected by increasing dwell volume; in case of ultrafiltration failure, osmolarity of the dialysate gets increased. In a prospective study, the impact of increasing dwell volume from 1500 ml to 2500 ml per dwell (volume trial) or changing the osmolarity of the dialysate from 1.36 to 3.86% glucose (hyperosmolarity trial) on the peritoneal endothelin-1 (ET-1) release was analyzed. ET-1 is known to exert significant proliferative activities on a variety of cell types leading to an accumulation of extracellular matrix. A highly significant difference in the cumulative peritoneal ET-1 synthesis was found between the low- and high-volume exchange, whereas differences in the hyperosmolarity setting were only moderate. Sixty minutes after initiating dialysis, the cumulative ET-1 synthesis was 2367 ± 1023 fmol for the 1500 ml versus 6062 ± 1419 fmol for the 2500 dwell (P < 0.0001) and 4572 ± 969 fmol versus 6124 ± 1473 fmol for the 1.36 and 3.86% glucose dwell (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, increasing dwell volume leads to a strong activation of the peritoneal paracrine endothelin system. Because ET-1, apart from being a potent vasoactive peptide, contributes to fibrotic remodeling, this study indicates that volume stress-induced ET-1 release might contribute to structural alteration of the peritoneal membrane in long-term peritoneal dialysis.
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Oh, Seog-Chan, James W. Wells, and Jorge Arinez. "Conveyor-Less Urban-Car Assembly Factory with VaaC and Matrix System." Smart Cities 5, no. 3 (August 7, 2022): 947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The advent of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) will give drivers time and space instead of focusing on driving. Because of this, some drivers may want to personalize their car for their work, while others may want to customize their vehicle space to be more suitable for relaxation, which will accelerate the megatrend of mass individualization. However, the production of individualized cars faces several challenges. For example, since high-level automation during individualized car production is difficult, a stable skilled labor supply is essential, low-volume/high-variety production is required, and customer proximity or involvement is also important. These conditions can be satisfied by building a car assembly plant in an urban area. The problem is that urban areas are often spatially and environmentally constrained. However, it is be possible to overcome these urban limitations by implementing a conveyor-less micro factory. The objective of this study is to propose a new iterative matrix-system layout design method that can realize a conveyor-less urban car assembly factory with two technologies—VaaC (vehicle as a conveyor) and matrix assembly system. VaaC consists of three novel ideas: sensor skid, safety-sensor guidance system, and vehicle-powered devices, and this paper views each of them in detail. The proposed iterative matrix-system layout design method consists of four steps: (1) layout refinement, (2) simulation, (3) cost analysis, and (4) optimization check, and will examine how each step is performed through simple examples. The authors hope that this paper will arouse interest and provide elements to spur future research on the conveyor-less urban car assembly system.
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Wanitwattanakosol, Jirapat, and Apichat Sopadang. "A Framework for Implementing Lean Manufacturing System in Small and Medium Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 3997–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.3997.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
—In this paper, a conceptual framework to apply many techniques for implementing lean in the high-variety low-volume (HVLV) environment is presented. Lean production has increasingly being implemented as a potential solution for many organizations. Anyway, the lean formula is applicable directly only to the make-to-stock business, but the make-to-order (MTO) product environment has to adapt lean manufacturing principle. The method of this paper has a two-phase quantitative framework to transform small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to be lean. Phase 1 has three interrelated components: (1) re-engineering an organization by using the power of computer simulation combined with business process. (2) Value stream mapping (VSM) is used to create a map of both value and waste in a given process. This tool has also a main drawback for job shop facility because many value streams are composed of hundreds of industrial parts and products. (3) Integrative supplier relationship is one of the most critical factors to maintain an advantage in the increasing levels of competition. Phase 2 performs a just in time production schedule by using ant colony optimization technique combines with a simulation tool. The aims of this paper are to develop a suitable lean manufacturing system for SMEs and to study the performance of the system for improving effectiveness. The result shows how to combine lean concept with simulation optimization, the step of this framework to obtain the optimization solution.
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Sayaka, B., D. K. S. Swastika, and Sunarsih. "Assessing the national seed production system of potato, shallot, and garlic." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A good seed production system results in quality seed. Subsequently, quality seed produces high yield, good quality, and uniform crop performance. This paper aims to assess the national vegetable seed system, especially those seeds produced using vegetative propagation, i.e. potato, shallot, and garlic. The study was conducted in 2019 in West Sumatera, West Java, Central Java, and Northern Sulawesi Provinces. Using primary data from the respondents and secondary data from related institutions, both data were analyzed descriptively. Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), universities, and seed companies produce various vegetable seeds. Community in groups or personals as well as regional governments may register their varieties to the Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agriculture Permit (PVTPP). Potato seed producers deal with higher production cost and the farmers have to pay more expensive seed since the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) implemented the policy on shifting extension potato seed from G4 (fourth generation) to G2 (second generation). The farmers cope with quality and volume of garlic seed supply. Shallot seed adopted by the farmers are generally not certified. Farmers usually adopt certified shallot seed if they receive the government seed assistance. TSS (true shallot seed) has been introduced but farmers’ adoption is limited. Garlic seed certification through post-harvest observation in the seed warehouse without field supervision was valid until the end of 2019 leading to low garlic yield. MoA should facilitate farmers with quality seed of improved vegetable varieties to enhance vegetable production as well as to improve farmers’ profit.
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Lu, Xiaodong, Ruifang Zheng, Jorge Gonzalez, Lawrence Gaspers, Eldo Kuzhikandathil, and R. Daniel Peluffo. "L-Lysine uptake in giant vesicles from cardiac ventricular sarcolemma: two components of cationic amino acid transport." Bioscience Reports 29, no. 4 (June 8, 2009): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bsr20080159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cationic L-amino acids enter cardiac-muscle cells through carrier-mediated transport. To study this process in detail, L-[14C]lysine uptake experiments were conducted within a 103-fold range of L-lysine concentrations in giant sarcolemmal vesicles prepared from rat cardiac ventricles. Vesicles had a surface-to-volume ratio comparable with that of an epithelial cell, thus representing a suitable system for initial uptake rate studies. Two Na+-independent, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive uptake components were found, one with high apparent affinity (Km=222±71 μM) and low transport capacity (Vmax=121±36 pmol/min per mg of vesicle protein) and the other with low apparent affinity (Km=16±4 mM) and high capacity (Vmax=4.0±0.4 nmol/min per mg of vesicle protein). L-Lysine uptake mediated by both components was stimulated by the presence of intravesicular L-lysine as well as by valinomycin-induced membrane hyperpolarization. Altogether, this behaviour is consistent with the functional properties of the CAT-1 and CAT-2A members of the system y+ family of cationic amino acid transporters. Furthermore, mRNA transcripts for these two carrier proteins were identified in freshly isolated rat cardiac myocytes, the amount of CAT-1 mRNA, relative to β-actin, being 33-fold larger than that of CAT-2A. These two transporters appear to function simultaneously as a homoeostatic device that supplies cardiac-muscle cells with cationic amino acids under a variety of metabolic conditions. Analysis of two carriers acting in parallel with such an array of kinetic parameters shows significant activity of the low-affinity component even at amino acid plasma levels far below its Km.
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Gonçalves, José, Carina Crucho, Sérgio Alves, Carlos Baleizão, and José Farinha. "Hybrid Mesoporous Nanoparticles for pH-Actuated Controlled Release." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among a variety of inorganic-based nanomaterials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have several attractive features for application as a delivery system, due to their high surface areas, large pore volumes, uniform and tunable pore sizes, high mechanical stability, and a great diversity of surface functionalization options. We developed novel hybrid MSNs composed of a mesoporous silica nanostructure core and a pH-responsive polymer shell. The polymer shell was prepared by RAFT polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (pKa ~6.5), using a hybrid grafting approach. The hybrid nanoparticles have diameters of ca. 100 nm at pH < 6.5 and ca. 60 nm at pH > 6.5. An excellent control of cargo release is achieved by the combined effect of electrostatic interaction of the cargo with the charged silica and the extended cationic polymer chains at low pH, and the reduction of electrostatic attraction with a simultaneous collapse of the polymer chains to a globular conformation at higher pH. The system presents a very low (almost null) release rate at acidic pH values and a large release rate at basic pH, resulting from the squeezing-out effect of the coil-to-globule transition in the polymer shell.
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Madanian, Samaneh, Dave T. Parry, David Airehrour, and Marianne Cherrington. "mHealth and big-data integration: promises for healthcare system in India." BMJ Health & Care Informatics 26, no. 1 (September 2019): e100071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundThe use of mobile devices in health (mobile health/mHealth) coupled with related technologies promises to transform global health delivery by creating new delivery models that can be integrated with existing health services. These delivery models could facilitate healthcare delivery into rural areas where there is limited access to high-quality access care. Mobile technologies, Internet of Things and 5G connectivity may hold the key to supporting increased velocity, variety and volume of healthcare data.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to identify and analyse challenges related to the current status of India’s healthcare system—with a specific focus on mHealth and big-data analytics technologies. To address these challenges, a framework is proposed for integrating the generated mHealth big-data and applying the results in India's healthcare.MethodA critical review was conducted using electronic sources between December 2018 and February 2019, limited to English language articles and reports published from 2010 onwards.Main outcomeThis paper describes trending relationships in mHealth with big-data as well as the accessibility of national opportunities when specific barriers and constraints are overcome. The paper concentrates on the healthcare delivery problems faced by rural and low-income communities in India to illustrate more general aspects and identify key issues. A model is proposed that utilises generated data from mHealth devices for big-data analysis that could result in providing insights into the India population health status. The insights could be important for public health planning by the government towards reaching the Universal Health Coverage.ConclusionBiomedical, behavioural and lifestyle data from individuals may enable customised and improved healthcare services to be delivered. The analysis of data from mHealth devices can reveal new knowledge to effectively and efficiently support national healthcare demands in less developed nations, without fully accessible healthcare systems.
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Akasaka, Kazuyuki, and Akihiro Maeno. "Proteins in Wonderland: The Magical World of Pressure." Biology 11, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Admitting the “Native”, “Unfolded” and “Fibril” states as the three basic generic states of proteins in nature, each of which is characterized with its partial molar volume, here we predict that the interconversion among these generic states N, U, F may be performed simply by making a temporal excursion into the so called “the high-pressure regime”, created artificially by putting the system under sufficiently high hydrostatic pressure, where we convert N to U and F to U, and then back to “the low-pressure regime” (the “Anfinsen regime”), where we convert U back to N (U→N). Provided that the solution conditions (temperature, pH, etc.) remain largely the same, the idea provides a general method for choosing N, U, or F of a protein, to a great extent at will, assisted by the proper use of the external perturbation pressure. A successful experiment is demonstrated for the case of hen lysozyme, for which the amyloid fibril state F prepared at 1 bar is turned almost fully back into its original native state N at 1 bar by going through the “the high-pressure regime”. The outstanding simplicity and effectiveness of pressure in controlling the conformational state of a protein are expected to have a wide variety of applications both in basic and applied bioscience in the future.
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Et. al., M. Sri Lakshmi,. "FUZZY LOGIC BASED IMPROVED MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROLLER FOR CONGESTION CONTROL AND PREDICTION THE SYSTEMS IN WSNS." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
in resource-constrained networks, particularly those with limited bandwidth to manage high-volume data transmission, network congestion is a major issue, resulting in poor quality of service, including packet loss and delay throughput. Due to self-contained batteries that limit sensor node lifetime, this issue is important in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with limitations and restrictions, such as limited processing power, memory, and transmission. By determining a path that avoids congested highways, the network can be extended. As a result, we present a WSN route determination architecture that is congestion-aware. The architecture is divided into three stages: In a top-down hierarchical structure, the first path is created. Energy-aware assisted routing for route derivation. Exponential smoothing is used to forecast congestion, but the final parameters for route determination are not taken into account. We use fuzzy logic systems to evaluate proper weights for a variety of factors, including shop count, remaining energy, buffer occupancy, and forwarding rate, as well as a bat algorithm to optimize the weight over the membership functions. Eventually proposed model shows the high throughput, low packet loss, save energy, and extending network lifetime.
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Flemming, Jeb, Kyle McWethy, Tim Mezel, Luis Chenoweth, and Carrie Schmidt. "Photosensitive Glass-Ceramics for Heterogeneous Integration." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, DPC (January 1, 2019): 000880–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2019-dpc-presentation_wp1_036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The push for heterogeneous integration requires very unique material properties with respect to processing, material constants, and integration capabilities with other materials (such as copper, III–V, magnetics, etc.). Current common circuit board materials such as ceramics and laminates, as well as silicon substrates, suffer from a variety of limitations. For ceramics and laminates, these constraints include: (1) the inability to produce narrow line widths <100 m with narrow gaps between lines <100 m; (2) high surface roughness (on the order of 2μm RMS); (3) layer-to-layer misalignments; and (4) lack of high-quality integrated passives. For silicon, these constraints include: (1) high cost; (2) long design/production lead times; and (3) electrical properties of standard doped silicon are not suitable for millimeter-wave applications. A significant drawback of ceramics and laminates is that they cannot be 3D structured with micron-scale precision which is necessary for advanced interconnects for millimeter-wave IC packaging integration (e.g. transistor-to-board interconnects). These characteristics lead to devices with limited integration options, large footprints, and higher power consumption. To overcome the above limitations, 3D Glass Solutions (3DGS) has developed a photo-sensitive glass ceramics as a board-level system substrate. Compared to ceramics, laminates, and silicon, photo-sensitive glass ceramic materials offer higher interconnect densities, lower processing cost, better spatial resolution, as well as improved electrical properties for both RF and millimeter-wave frequencies. Photo-sensitive glass ceramics are ideal systems-level materials for heterogeneous integration programs as they overcome many of the limitations of legacy materials such as ceramics and laminates for broadband applications (DC – 100GHz). Furthermore, the advanced manufacturing ability of photo-sensitive glass ceramics enable a broad category of IP Blocks. The innovations of the 3DGS technology and research effort include:Low loss and low dispersion: photosensitive glass material has a measured loss tangent of 0.008 at GHz frequencies. Furthermore, the thick and highly-conductive metallization layers allow for low-loss transmission lines.High current and power handling: the metallization processes enable lines with a range of thicknesses (<50m) and widths (>2m), which result in both low resistive loss and high current handling. Additionally, the RF power handling is high due to the high breakdown voltage of glass (10kV/100m) and the possibility of coaxial line integration.Thermal management: high-density metal-filled via arrays generate up to 100W/mK thermal transfer in the 3DGS process and provide an additional thermal path for chips that are not mounted directly on a heterogeneous interface heat spreader.Built-in filtering: when a variety of chiplets with unknown design parameters and with signals of varying time constants are interconnected, EMI becomes a significant problem. The 3DGS approach allows for high-quality filtering, coupling and self-assessment functions to be directly integrated within the 2.5D interposer system as IPDs eliminating wire bonding and providing seamless integration with low loss.Scalability: the glass interconnect plane can be fabricated with footprints up to 40mm × 40mm with integrated air cavities for chip placement, through glass vias for I/Os and redistribution metal. In this presentation, 3DGS will present on three Heterogeneous Integration attributes: (1) design considerations, (2) integration of passive devices, and (3) millimeter wave integration. Design Considerations 3DGS is developing an IP Block library with 11 distinct categories. These categories include: (1) metal filled I/Os, (2) copper redistribution layers, (3) thermal management blocks, (4) cavities, (5) metal filled through glass structures, (6) phased array antenna, (7) conductor undercuts, (8) magnetic core devices, (9) capacitors, (10) inductors, and (11) grounding. While each of these unique IP Blocks contributes their own advantages for analog performance, they can all be integrated into a single chip. Integration of Passives Devices The foundation of the work done by 3DGS is on developing a volume manufacturing approach for high uniformity through glass vias (TGVs). All TGVs for I/O applications are 100% copper filled for low-loss, high power, electrical connections. Two major building blocks of 3DGS' Heterogeneous technology are High Quality Factor inductors and capacitors. 3DGS has developed a broad library of inductor components ranging from 0.5 – 200nH. Footprints are determined by inductance sizes but may be as small as 01005. Capacitors are built by placing two slots inside of the glass material, filling the slots with copper, and using the glass' natural Dk to form a capacitor. The benefit of these capacitors include high breakdown voltage (>1,000V), small footprint, high reliability, and Quality factors between 200–300. Inductors and capacitors can be integrated into a single monolithic RF package called an Integrated Passive Device (IPD). The benefits of the IPD include the elimination of RF losses associated with PCB Interconnects, long metal redistribution line lengths, bond pads, solder balls, and inconsistent assembly. This leads to the production of RF devices, capable of operating in the MHz – GHz frequency range with higher overall system Quality Factors, lower ripple, and lower losses. Furthermore, IPDs can be directly integrated into more complex System-in-Package (SiP) architectures. This approach has been used to build an RF ZigBee module in APEX® Glass [1]. The glass SiP module consisted of 35+ SMT components and was itself soldered to a PCB board. The full RF module was then subjected full complement of reliability tests and met the customer's stringent performance goals. Millimeter Wave Integration A major benefit of glass is the ability to produce low loss structures for millimeter wave applications. 3DGS has been designing and producing a variety of millimeter wave band pass filters with a variety of bandwidths ranging from 5–40%. These bandpass filters are compact, fully shielded and low loss (<2.0dB) with high attenuation (>50dB).
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McArthur, Grant A., and Antoni Ribas. "Targeting Oncogenic Drivers and the Immune System in Melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4 (February 1, 2013): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.45.5568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Melanoma is one of the most common cancers in Western countries but has defied the trend of reductions in age-adjusted mortality observed in most other cancers in recent years. Biologically, melanoma is characterized by a high propensity to metastasize at low tumor volumes necessitating the need for effective drug therapies to support efforts in prevention and early detection for reducing mortality. Efforts to study the clinical biology of melanoma have led to a new understanding of the disease, with genomic studies identifying several targetable oncogenes, in particular the protein kinases BRAF and KIT. Biologic studies have also identified a variety of immunologic targets, including the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitory molecules expressed on T lymphocytes. After several decades of clinical trials that failed to demonstrate improvement in overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma, small molecule inhibitors of BRAF or MEK and inhibition of CTLA-4 can improve survival in patients with advanced disease. These early clinical studies have provided a great opportunity to improve mortality in melanoma with the significant potential of combinations of signaling inhibitors or signaling inhibitors combined with immunologic agents, particularly when used in the adjuvant setting, and to transform the care of patients with this most challenging of cancers.
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Choi, Man-Yeon, and Robert K. Vander Meer. "GPCR-Based Bioactive Peptide Screening Using Phage-Displayed Peptides and an Insect Cell System for Insecticide Discovery." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The discovery of new insecticides improves integrated pest management (IPM), but is usually a long high-risk process with a low probability of success. For over two decades, insect neuropeptides (NPs) and their G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been considered as biological targets for insect pest control, because they are involved in almost all physiological processes associated with insect life stages. A key roadblock to success has been the question of how large volume chemical libraries can be efficiently screened for active compounds. New genomic and proteomic tools have advanced and facilitated the development of new approaches to insecticide discovery. In this study, we report a novel GPCR-based screening technology that uses millions of short peptides randomly generated by bacteriophages, and a method using an insect Sf9 cell expression system. The fire ant is a good model system, since bioactive peptides have been identified for a specific GPCR. The novel small peptides could interfere with the target GPCR-ligand functions. Therefore, we refer to this new mechanism as “receptor interference” (RECEPTORi). The GPCR-based bioactive peptide screening method offers multiple advantages. Libraries of phage-displayed peptides (~109 peptides) are inexpensive. An insect cell-based screening system rapidly leads to target specific GPCR agonists or antagonists in weeks. Delivery of bioactive peptides to target pests can be flexible, such as topical, ingestion, and plant-incorporated protectants. A variety of GPCR targets are available, thus minimizing the development of potential insecticide resistance. This report provides the first proof-of-concept for the development of novel arthropod pest management strategies using neuropeptides, and GPCRs.