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1
Thilmany, Jean. "Staring Down the Divide." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 08 (August 1, 2003): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-aug-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article highlights that electrical and mechanical engineers work together on products like cell phones; on the contrary, their software programs do not work like this anymore. Like cellular telephones and computers, all products made up of a combination of printed circuit boards and shaped materials like plastics require a rather tight degree of cooperation among mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and finite element analysts. But today’s computer-aided design and finite element analysis technology is not advanced enough to let them work as skillfully together as they might. Engineers and analysts still need to translate their designs into a neutral file format in order to pass files between their different software systems, and much can be lost in translation. But a number of engineering software developers are refining products to break down some of those barriers. Electrical and mechanical engineers commonly use the software to work together on projects like the design of fan-cooled computer central processing units and how they are anchored using already-specified techniques that the mechanical engineer has programmed into the system.
2
Thilmany, Jean. "Changing Times." Mechanical Engineering 124, no. 08 (August 1, 2002): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2002-aug-1.
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This article discusses product data management PDM technology. This technology is a key to communicating with the suppliers and ensuring accurate design and manufacturing and allows designer and supplier to share documents and communicate back and forth. To meet the trend, a system that tracks design changes and allows engineer and designer to study them together becomes crucial. The vehicle maker wanted to standardize the way products are designed across both its truck and bus divisions. The technology is intended to help designers and engineers work more closely together, even if they are working in separate locations on unrelated parts of a truck or bus, and to keep track of changes in the highly customized part models. As a method of doing business changes, so does the technology needed to do that business. Although the answer is not in yet on PDM’s role in a changing marketplace, answers about how it fits into new supplier–customer business models are expected over the next few years.
3
Bochkarev, O. I., A. P. Moiseev, E. A. Asanova, and M. A. Prilutskaya. "Engineer-economists for mechanical engineering: from professional standards to training of qualified personnel." Management and Business Administration, no. 4 (December 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2020-4-47-57.
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The Russian machine-building industry is faced with the task of technological breakthrough and bringing high-tech competitive products to the world markets. The results of the study of indicators and prospects for the production of civilian products by the defense industry enterprises of the Ural Federal district demonstrated the urgent need of enterprises for specialists in Economics and production organization with engineering and economic competencies. The project of the professional standard «Engineer-economist of a machine-building organization» and the approach to the organization of training of specialists by universities are proposed.
4
Dareing, Don W., and Thomas Thundat. "Mighty Mites." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 09 (September 1, 2005): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-sep-2.
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This article reviews that the future belongs to machines built at molecular scales—if the tools to engineer them. Just as the steam engine sparked the industrial revolution of the 19th century, nanotechnology will likely ignite a new industrial revolution during the 21st century. Nanotechnology has the potential to impact all industries; the health care and computer industries are already capitalizing on it. New materials are being created that will affect everything from aerospace and energy to recreation and entertainment. Science is uncovering new technology almost daily, which will have a great impact on many aspects of society. These technologies are at various stages of development, but in the end, each spin-off product must withstand the test in the marketplace. The evaluation of each product will still be based on the same set of metrics as other products: performance, cost, risk or reliability, and availability. To satisfy these metrics, engineers will need analytical tools to make performance predictions, establish production costs and lifecycle economics, quantify the risk associated with new technologies, and satisfy a dynamic market.
5
Milosevic, Anica, Gordana Bogdanovic, and Masa Milosevic. "HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKPLACE." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3403725m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Risk assessment is the systematic recording and evaluation of all factors in the work process that can cause occupational injuries, illnesses or health damage. It can identify the options, ways of preventing, eliminating and reducing risks.The risk assessment considers the work organization, work processes, raw materials and materials used in technological and work processes, personal protective equipment and equipment at work, as well as other elements that may cause risk of personal injury, health damage or illness of the employee.The primary objective of occupational risk assessment is the protection, safety and health of employees.Risk assessment helps to minimize the risk of employees being compromised during work process activities. It also helps to maintain the efficiency of the business activity.A risk assessment act is an act containing a description of the work process with an assessment of the risk of injury and / or damage to workplace health in the work environment and measures to eliminate or reduce risks in order to improve safety and health at work.This act determines the possible types of hazards and harms in the workplace, assesses the risk of injury at work or health damage of the employee, determines ways and measures to eliminate them, or reduce their risk to minimum.Mechanical engineers design machines and tools, organize their production and handle their exploitation. They are experts for propulsion engines, vehicles and vessels, process and power plants, load-bearing structures. As designers, they design a product or manufacturing process so it can best meet the requirements and functions they need. In a process of designing a product, they take available raw materials and available production technology, and if they design the production process, they are guided by the type of input material and processing technology. Mechanical engineers in manufacturing plan, manage and supervise the production of machinery and plant. They systematically test the manufactured components, because they depend on the efficiency, reliability and safety of the whole system. For quality assurance, they constantly carry out tests and measurements of input materials and finished products with measuring instruments.This work is based on an analysis of the position of a mechanical engineer in the company named "Flamma-Systems Ltd." based in Nis. The company employs mechanical engineers and it deals primary with manufacturing of high-power boilers for heating greenhouses and buildings. The main market for this company is Sweden.
6
Fatikow, S., and V. Eichhorn. "Nanohandling automation: Trends and current developments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automated robot-based nanomanipulation is one of the key challenges in microsystem technology and nanotechnology, which has recently been addressed by a rising number of R&D groups and companies all over the world. Controlled, reproducible assembly processes at the nanoscale will enable high-throughput manufacturing of revolutionary products and open up new application fields. The ultimate goal of these research activities is the development of automated nanomanipulation processes to build a bridge between existing precise handling strategies for micro and nanoscale objects and aspired high-throughput fabrication of microsystems and nanosystems. Despite the growing interest in automated nanomanipulation, there is hardly any publication that treats this research in a coherent and comprehensive way. This paper is an attempt to provide the researcher with an overview of the most important trends and developments in this rapidly expanding technology. It also informs the practising engineer and the engineering student about automation at the nanoscale level as well as about the promising fields of application. The latter can be of a very different nature as nanohandling is strongly interdisciplinary in character. This paper offers a deeper insight into nanohandling aspects of carbon nanotubes.
7
Ryazantsev, Alexander, Anna Shirokozhukhova, and Sergey Kovalev. "Application of Combined Processing Methods for High-Tech Products Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-8763q2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the combined processing methods used in the rocket and space technology products manufacture. The technology of obtaining holes in the nozzles of the liquid rocket engine mixing head is presented. The relevance and necessity of using high-tech technologies in the special equipment parts and assembly units manufacture is justified. The ways of ensuring the process stability and technological parameters increasing are shown, which made it possible to expand the application area of dimensional combined processing using the electrode as a tool. The results obtained allow us to expand the production technological capabilities, as well as to improve the technical special equipment products characteristics in mechanical engineering.
8
Ghee, Steve. "The Virtues of Virtual Products." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 06 (June 1, 1998): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jun-1.
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Manufacturing and engineering companies around the world are building virtual products that can communicate across the barriers of time, distance, discipline, and culture. Interactive-product-simulation (IPS) technology complements the processes used to create three-dimensional geometry. IPS software leverages a company's investment in computer-aided design (CAD) design by providing earlier access to prototypes, faster updates than with physical models, enterprise-wide distribution of information in an easy-to-understand format, support for existing processes, and long-term value that extends beyond the finalization of product designs. IPS provides real-time interaction via the virtual product-a simulated version of the final functioning design that can include functional simulations, animations, mechanisms, and simulated humans or ‘manikins.’ IPS has many applications in the concept phase, where one of the most critical challenges for manufacturers is the economic evaluation and frequent review of multiple high-level concepts and configurations. PS enables engineers, manufacturing and maintenance staff, and even customers to visualize and operate complex virtual products so that they can improve the designs' manufacturability, ergonomics, and maintainability.
9
Schneider, Eric. "Turn Down the Volume." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 04 (April 1, 2010): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-apr-4.
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This article elaborates the design options that engineers have for low-volume productions. Designing complex products for low-volume production usually involves some degree of compromise. However, that does not mean that the available processes are going to be inadequate. By understanding the limitations of each process, an engineer can tailor the design to make great parts with low-volume techniques, for instance, by adding compliance features to reduce the need for tight tolerances, reinforcing the walls with ribs, or combining processes. While the enclosure may be best suited for cast urethane, other components may be better suited for machined aluminum and sheet metal to increase strength or to create a high-tolerance internal frame. Moreover, while it is likely that a product only has one enclosure, other components may qualify as high quantities. A designer can amplify the part count by making the left and right sides the same or by using the same part in multiple places. The principles of design for manufacture extend to all processes.
10
Shalnova, S. A., Olga G. Klimova-Korsmik, and M. O. Gushchina. "Influence of the Roughness on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Products Prepared by Direct Laser Deposition Technology." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.312.
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This article presents the technology of direct laser deposition. This technology is one of the most perspective new technologies. It allows realizing heterophase process during the manufacturing, in which the process of partial melting of the used powder is realized. The product is formed from a metal powder, which is supplied by a compressed gas-powder jet directly into the laser action zone. Ti-based alloys are interesting for many industrial areas, for example, engine systems, aircraft and shipbuilding, because of their corrosion resistance, low density and high strength. The influence of roughness on the mechanical properties of Ti-based products prepared by direct laser deposition was studied. It was found that the surface roughness distorts the values of the mechanical characteristics.
11
Goodger, E. M. "Jet Fuels Development and Alternatives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 209, no. 2 (April 1995): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_281_02.
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The jet engine group comprises aero turbines, ramjets and rockets, their level of performance increasing in that order, with fuel requirements showing both similarities and differences. The conventional fuel for aero turbine engines, for example, is aviation kerosine, several variants of which exist for specific applications. Aviation fuel specifications are invariably stringent, and variations with density are shown for typical properties. The dwindling availability of optimal crudes over the last 25 years has resulted in a general degradation in the quality of aviation kerosine, with adverse effects on combustion performance, emissions and engine life except where hardware solutions emerged in parallel. In fact, the reduction of emissions is seen to be more a matter of engine design than fuel technology. In the near term, supplies of kerosine may be supplemented from sources other than crude oil, whereas in the longer term, kerosine may be substituted by liquid methane and/or liquid hydrogen. In comparison with kerosine, liquid hydrogen produces more nitrogen in its combustion products on a fuel mass basis, but less on an energy basis, although the flame temperature is higher giving possibilities of more NOx. The fuel requirements of high energy content and storage stability apply across the board, but additional parameters of concern are heat capacity in the case of ramjets, and combustion-product chemistry with rockets, which demand a range of candidate high-performance fuels.
12
Wans, Jochen, J. Bausch, J. Hecken, and J. Schlüter. "Near-Net-Shape Casting of Steel - The Belt Casting Technology." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The production of value added products made of high-alloyed Mn-, Al-, Si-steel grades is coupled to the casting technology. Conventional casting technologies will not fulfill the requirements concerning interaction between steel and casting flux as well as guiding as cast material without stress. Mechanical engineers are invited for further developments in the field of near-net-shape casting technologies to meet above mentioned demands. The Belt Casting Technology seems to be the answer but has to document the potential for an industrial standard process. The main process characteristics of the casting machine are high casting speed, moving mould consisting of a conveyor belt and side dams, complete inertisation and horizontal material flow. The process is already common at the nonferrous metal industry. A labo-ratory caster for steel is located at Clausthal University of Technology.
13
Lewin, Menachem. "Flame Retarding of Wood by Chemical Modification with Bromate-Bromide Solutions." Journal of Fire Sciences 15, no. 1 (January 1997): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419701500103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In spite of the extensive and diversified uses of wood and wood products for millenia, there are still a number of basic deficiencies of these pro ducts which limit their use and pose difficult and as yet not satisfactorily solved problems to the engineer and consumer. The most prominent of these problems are: flammability, dimensional stability, and fungal attack. Review of work carried out at the Israel Fiber Institute indicates that treating solid timber and polywood with acidified bromate-bromide solutions is capable of overcoming these deficiencies to a large extent. The treatment is carried out in autoclaves with application of vacuum and pressure. The lignin component of the wood is brominated in the solid state by the treatment solution with a high yield of bromine. The mechanical properties of the treated products are un changed. The treatment is stable to prolonged leaching, aging, and storage. Water absorption and swelling are drastically decreased-dimensional stabi lization. The brominated products are shown not to be attacked by wood fungi.
14
Nguyen, Phuoc Quy Phong. "Research on Fabrication of TRIP Steel with High Durability." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.2.1141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many weapons and mechanical parts such as bullet shells, jet engine covers, bulletproof armor shells operated in harsh conditions require durability when used and good flexibility when forming. Many countries have used steel with phase transition effects due to plastic deformation - TRIP effect (Transformation Induced Plasticity) to replace low carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy steel fabricating them. The paper presents research on the technology of metallurgy of a CMnSiAl steel grade from sponge iron materials and application of mechanical-thermal technology to create small particles and organize three phases: Ferrite, Bainite, residual Austenite to stabilize and increase plasticity. The results show that the impurity content is low, S% is less than 0.025%; magnitude of small ferrite particles below 20μm, ratio of residual austenitic fγ = 6.39%. Mechanical properties: durable limit σb on 590 MPa, yield limit σc over 390 MPa, ratio σb/σc> 1.5 and relative elongation δ50 over 28%. Research results for the prospect of applying this steel grade in the manufacture of some defense products, instead imported materials.
15
Nguyen, Phuoc Quy Phong. "Research on Fabrication of TRIP Steel with High Durability." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.2.1141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many weapons and mechanical parts such as bullet shells, jet engine covers, bulletproof armor shells operated in harsh conditions require durability when used and good flexibility when forming. Many countries have used steel with phase transition effects due to plastic deformation - TRIP effect (Transformation Induced Plasticity) to replace low carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy steel fabricating them. The paper presents research on the technology of metallurgy of a CMnSiAl steel grade from sponge iron materials and application of mechanical-thermal technology to create small particles and organize three phases: Ferrite, Bainite, residual Austenite to stabilize and increase plasticity. The results show that the impurity content is low, S% is less than 0.025%; magnitude of small ferrite particles below 20?m, ratio of residual austenitic f? = 6.39%. Mechanical properties: durable limit ?b on 590 MPa, yield limit ?c over 390 MPa, ratio ?b/?c> 1.5 and relative elongation ?50 over 28%. Research results for the prospect of applying this steel grade in the manufacture of some defense products, instead imported materials.
16
Sun, Xing Wei, Hong Cui, Ke Wang, and B. Wang. "Research on NC Manufacturing of Slender Helical Curved Surface." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Along with the development and advance of science and technology, the quantity demanded of high technology and high performance mechanical equipment, such as screw pump, screw compressor, elastic and plastic extruder, steam turbine, blast engine and turbine, and so on, is great more and more in present society. And the requirement of performance is high more and more. The application of these products is widespread in many major industry fields of national economy, including military, petroleum, machinery, aviation, energy, chemical industry, elastic and plastic industry, etc.. The key part of these products is the rotor with special complex helical curved surface and leaf blade with particular slender curved surface. The machining level of them makes effect on the product performance and quality directly. In this paper, modern manufacturing technology, which makes use of tool nose’s NC trace of revolving disk milling cutter and whirlwind milling cutter to envelope milling slender curved surface by combined moving of several coordinate axes on special NC milling machine, was studied. The principle of the new technique was represented. The application instances are given in this paper.
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Terashima, Kazuhiko, and Shunji Moromugi. "Special Issue on Casting Technology Automation and Control." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 4 (July 5, 2008): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kazuhiko Terashima, p. 227 Simple, low-cost casting technology is essential to transforming materials into products that are used for important components in the automobile, precision machining, and fabrication fields. The casting industry is currently becoming involved in global manufacturing competition as areas such as press, forging, spray-coating, and machining becoming increasingly active. Against this background, the casting society is striving to achieve high quality, lightening, high production, and low cost. This special issue was planned in discussions with Dr. S. Moromugi and provides insight on high-technology furnace, molding, sand process, pouring, inspection of iron casting using green sand, together with innovative casting methods such as sand press casting, die casting, full molding, and IT technology for managing of cast products. This special issue’s advanced papers were selected as representative of individual fields that should prove interesting, stimulating, and of great practical use to both general readers and specialists alike. We thank the authors for their kind attention to the many interesting papers contributed to this issue. Shunji Moromugi, p. 228 Casting, one of the most basic and oldest manufacturing processes, dates back over five centuries. Casting technologies developed over a long period and involve a wide varieties of methods and techniques for improving product quality. Product efficiency has been dramatically improved thanks to advances in casting automation. Even so, many hands are still needed in some casting production because experienced, skilled, and knowledgeable crafts persons are the key to success in yet unautomated casting production processes. Many fields still await the development of automation in casting. With progress in globalization, economy concerns with automation in basic metal processing are increasing rapidly, especially in newly industrialized nations. This special issue presents many valuable papers and development reports by researchers and engineers active on the front lines of casting automation development. This special issue will serve as a useful reference providing much practical information and many new insights into automation technology for casting engineers worldwide. We thank guest editor Professor Kazuhiko Terashima for his invaluable assistance throughout the editing process. This special issue would not have been possible without him. We also thank the authors and editors for their contributions to this issue.
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Bajor, Teresa, Marlena Krakowiak, and Dariusz Rydz. "Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AlCuMg Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Technology development and new grades of alloys creation put before construction materials the number of requirements in range of durability and reliability of created constructions. Receivers expect materials with high strength properties, low production cost of the finished product, availability, corrosion resistance and low specific gravity. So the specific needs of customers mean that studies are constantly associated with the exploration of new materials and technologies that could meet made requirements [1,2,. In large scale this demand is met through the use of non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Selection of appropriate manufacturing techniques and the use of heat treatment procedures allow to obtain materials with better mechanical properties. Here the leading role has the aluminium and its alloys. Due to specific mechanical properties aluminium based materials are used in almost each field of industry. In aircraft industry they are used for the manufacture of fuselage elements in automobile industry the light alloys are used to make cylinder blocks, and other elements of internal combustion engines. In the construction industry they are used to manufacture windows and doors, as well as beautiful self-supporting lightweight facades. While the aluminium alloy products such as films or cans are also used in the food industry. The combination of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of aluminium alloys makes them the optimal solution for innovative design, thanks to them engineers can provide high strength associated with very low gravity. This allows to minimize the costs of subsequent use of the product, and while achieving good strength parameters. As part of this work the analysis of strain rate and temperature impact on mechanical properties of the tested alloy will be carried out. The experimental studies conducted in the temperature range of recrystallization (test temperature: 400°C, 450°C, 480°C, 500°C) using two strain rates 1 s-1 and 0,1 s-1. This paper present the analysis of the application of high-temperature deformation changes in structure mainly caused by the dynamic recrystallization processes, which determine the optimal parameters of AlCuMg deformation process [. The proposed methodology of the research work made it possible to determine the effect of temperature-velocity parameters to changes in mechanical properties (inter alia: microhardness measurements) and changes in the structure of the material, which are closely related to the level achieved in mechanical properties.
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Belov, Vladimir D., Edis B. Ten, and Alexander S. Drokin. "Study of Feeding Parameters for the Production of Sound High-Alloyed Ductile Iron Castings with Aluminum." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work deals with the problem of casting production from high-aluminum cast iron Al22D. This cast iron is characterized by unique combination of properties [1-3]: high heat-resistance in corrosive gases medium especially containing sulfurous gases; relatively low density in comparison with gray iron and satisfactory mechanical properties. In addition, castings made from high aluminum cast iron Al22D are required in many areas of mechanical engineering. However, obtaining high-quality products from this cast iron is a particular problem due to its low-casting properties, especially its high tendency to gas saturation, oxidization and forming scabs, shrinkage and gas-shrinkage defects. Therefore, the aim of this work is the study of the castings feeding parameters. In addition, the technology of "exhaust manifold" casting of internal combustion engine designed to work in forced mode was developed on the basis of the obtained results.
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Sangkhamanee, Jakkrit. "An Assemblage of Thai Water Engineering: The Royal Irrigation Department’s Museum for Heavy Engineering as a Parliament of Things." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3 (May 3, 2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2017.55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Thailand, where water and land intertwine to shape the livelihood and identity of people, engineering bureaucracy and mechanical technology have both played significant roles in producing national ideology. At the same time, bureaucracy and technologies are historical products. In this contribution, I explore Thailand’s Royal Irrigation Department (RID) Museum for Heavy Engineering and argues that the museum—instantiating a parliament of things (Latour) engineered into exhibition—participated in the shaping of the Thai water engineering community and the shaping of Thai statecraft. Operating through selective portrayals and juxtapositions of engineers, technologies, bureaucracies, and natural events, the parliament of things composed by the exhibits encompasses not only the intimate entanglements between the bodies of engineers and machines, and between machines and bureaucracy, but also mythical and cosmological elements like divine stones and naga vehicles. In this way, the museum parliament testifies to a blurring of nature, society and divinity occurring at the very heart of the Thai engineered state. It articulates Thai water engineering as a nonmodern assemblage beholden neither to the dichotomy of nature and culture, nor to any clear distinctions between science, politics and cosmology. Paradoxically, this nonmodern assemblage has been central in propelling forward the seemingly high-modern practice of Thai water engineering.
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Gao, Y., and J. Y. Wong. "The Development and Validation of a Computer Aided Method for Design Evaluation of Tracked Vehicles with Rigid Links." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 208, no. 3 (July 1994): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_183_02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past decade, a computer aided method for design evaluation of high-speed tracked vehicles with flexible tracks (or tracks with relatively short track pitch commonly in use in tracked transport vehicles and military vehicles) has been developed. It has been successfully used in assisting vehicle manufacturers in the development of new products and governmental agencies in the selection of vehicle candidates. For low-speed tracked vehicles commonly in use in agriculture, construction and logging, rigid tracks with relatively long track pitch are employed to achieve a more uniform ground pressure distribution. To assist manufacturers of this type of vehicle to expedite the development of new products in a cost effective manner, a computer aided method for design evaluation of tracked vehicles with rigid links has recently been developed. It treats the track as a system of interconnected rigid links and takes into account the characteristics of the interaction between track links and deformable terrain. The basic features of the method have been verified by field test data. The method can be an extremely useful tool for the engineer to optimize vehicle design and for the procurement manager to select appropriate vehicle candidates to meet specific operating requirements.
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Gorskiy, V. V., M. G. Kovalsky, and V. G. Resh. "Method of Calculating Carbon Ablation in the Jet of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Products." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 5 (128) (October 2019): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2019-5-4-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays carbon materials are widely used as ablating thermal protection for high-temperature structural elements in aerospace technology. Prediction of changes in the shape of the external surfaces of these elements, due to the burning of thermal protection, is closely related to the use of computational-theoretical methods describing the flow of various physicochemical and mechanical processes associated with the occurrence of the phenomenon under consideration. At the same time, it is crucial to test such methods on the results of experimental studies conducted under conditions which are implemented during the process of testing thermal protection in jets of aerodynamic units. The main elements of ablation of carbon materials include their erosion, i.e., mechanical ablation of mass, observed in high-pressure gas flows. In the process of experimental development, it is necessary to carry out research on large-scale models, which has led to widespread use of underexpanded jets of combustion products of liquid rocket engine combustion products for modeling the erosion process of thermal protection. The theoretical model of ablation of thermal protection in such jets requires taking into account the complex chemical composition of the gas mixture flowing into the model; physical and chemical interaction of this gas with thermal protection, which causes gasification of the latter; use of mathematical models describing the process of material erosion due to mechanical impact of high-pressure gas flow. The paper describes the development of the carbon material ablation calculating and theoretical methodology which could be used to determine the material erosion characteristics on the basis of solving a complex problem of circumfluence, heating, heat penetration and ablation of thermal protection.
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Honysz, Rafał. "Modeling the Chemical Composition of Ferritic Stainless Steels with the Use of Artificial Neural Networks." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this paper is an attempt to answer the question of whether, on the basis of the values of the mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steels, it is possible to predict the chemical concentration of carbon and nine of the other most common alloying elements in these steels. The author believes that the relationships between the properties are more complicated and depend on a greater number of factors, such as heat and mechanical treatment conditions, but in this paper, they were not taken into account due to the uniform treatment of the tested steels. The modeling results proved to be very promising and indicate that for some elements, this is possible with high accuracy. Artificial neural networks with radial basis functions (RBF), multilayer perceptron with one and two hidden layers (MLP) and generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) were used for modeling. In order to minimize the manufacturing cost of products, developed artificial neural networks can be used in industry. They may also simplify the selection of materials if the engineer has to correctly select chemical components and appropriate plastic and/or heat treatments of stainless steel with the necessary mechanical properties.
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Takeuchi, Yoshimi. "Message from Editor-in-Chief." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On behalf of the editorial committee of International Journal of Automation Technology, I would like to sincerely ask all of you a favour of me to activate this journal since I am convinced that the automation technology is indispensable to the convenience and prosperity of human being. The automation technology began with the development and introduction of numerical control (NC) machine tools in the latter of 1950s. In 1960s, the technology was applied to assemble electric goods and automobiles together with the development of a wide variety of automationrelated methods such as industrial robots, semiconductor technologies and so on. In 1970s, this tendency had greatly affected the automation of production systems, which was called FA (Factory Automation or Flexible Manufacturing System), that is, flexible systems to rapidly cope with the change in the sort and quantity of products. The construction of FA is still continuing even now. The current state of art in production automation is the evolution by making the most of IT (Information Technology), where there are infinite tasks to be solved, for example, the cooperation with design, manufacturing and sales, life cycle control of products from production to waste by IC tag, product liability management, lean production taking account of environment protection and energy saving, product development with individuality and characteristic, production sustaining human skill, manufacture of high value-added products, development of future products, etc. After the bubble disruption in 1990, Japan has been suffering from the economical recession for 15 years, thus resulting in hanging low of automation technology development as well as decreased equipment investment. In addition, our serious problem in Japan is the disappearance of valuable technologies and manufacturing spirit by the mass retirement of engineers who have born the automation technology and supported excellent product manufacture. Thus, it is an important issue to improve and develop the automation technologies further. From the above mentioned viewpoint, the journal focuses on the advanced automation technologies ranging from fundamental technologies to a variety of industrial applications, which meet the requirements, especially from industries. The journal covers all sorts of automation technologies regarding design, manufacturing, assembly, inspection, transportation, logistics, machine tools, robotic system, control system and instruments, and so on. There are some journals with respect to the automation specific to scientific and fundamental research, however, no journal exists, which aims at providing engineering researches and practical developments. Thus, the journal takes up a large amount of practical examples relating advanced automation technologies as review papers, research and development papers, news and interview so that the readers can take interest in the journal. The editorial committee wants IJAT to serve engineers and managers for the requirement of automation technology developments, and is all concerned for your contribution to IJAT.
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Ratzel, Arthur C. "MEMs from the Nanoscale Up." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 03 (March 1, 2007): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-mar-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses growing role of silicon micro-electron-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology in automotive and consumer products, telecommunications, radio-frequency applications, and medical care. The article also highlights that silicon-based MEMS devices must be constructed in clean rooms, such as one at Sandia's Microelectronics Development laboratory. According to engineers, the search for an in-depth understanding of wear mechanisms in dynamic silicon MEMS is expected to drive an ambitious wave of leading-edge research into microscale science and engineering, distinct from that which prevailed at the mesoscale. It has been found that gas damping between MEMS structures and the substrate, within the sealed package, can cause serious nonlinearities. While this doesn't lead to failure in the classic sense, it may make it harder to close a switch. On the plus side, gas damping can provide a cushion that enables a MEMS device to survive surprisingly high shock loads.
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Lickley, Robert. "Training in Advanced Engineering Design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Management and engineering manufacture 201, no. 4 (November 1987): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_070_02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Engineering design and the education and training of more high-calibre engineering designers to ensure an increased flow of advanced technology, high-quality products from British shores, is becoming critical. This is recognized by an increasing number of top managements in industry, the Science and Engineering Research Council, Department of Trade and Industry and other leading bodies in the country. There is no doubt that comprehensive capable engineering designers cannot be produced solely from undergraduate courses and therefore urgent attention should be paid to establishing more postgraduate courses and other means of continuing education in advanced engineering design and development—including those which are project based—and to examine methods by which this might be achieved. A discussion meeting with invited senior participants, held at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, and chaired by Sir Robert Lickley, is reported.
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Богуслаев, Вячеслав Александрович, Юрий Фёдорович Басов, Игорь Олегович Быков, Александр Владимирович Овчинников та Зоя Васильевна Леховицер. "ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЯ МЕТОДІВ ПОРОШКОВОЇ МЕТАЛУРГІЇ ДО ПРОЦЕСІВ СЕРІЙНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЖАРОМІЦНИХ ТИТАНОВИХ ЛОПАТОК ГТД". Aerospace technic and technology, № 8 (25 грудня 2018): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.8.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The questions associated with improvement of efficiency of aircrafts and engines manufacture are considered. In the given context when new aircraft engines are developed, the growth of a share of easy materials such as heat resistant titanium alloys is observed. This is explained by successful complex of physical-mechanical properties, where the mechanical properties to weight ratio is the principal ones. It is noticed, that serial production’s technology of such alloys has high power inputs (double vacuum arc re-melting) and requires a strict composition control of alloying elements, impurities and uniformity of their distribution in the ingot structure. Significant difficulties are attributed to multi-stage deformation processing of large-tonnage ingots from multi-doped titanium alloys, such as ВТ8 alloy. This processing is needed in the operation chain for obtaining the small-sized rod-shaped half-products for production of GTE series blades billets. For elimination the shortcomings of serial technology, such as a large number of operations, the application of the powder metallurgy methods (PM) with technical-economical advantages is offered. The analysis of research results of composition, structure and physical-mechanical properties of an experimental alloy as ВТ8 shows that it is possible to gain the half-finished products of multi-doped titanium alloys with controlled chemical composition after sintering by methods of powder metallurgy. Mechanical properties of such alloy are approximated to serial alloy ВТ8 and thus it is permitted to use the experimental alloy as ВТ8 as constructional material for components which are not subjected to impact and cyclic loadings at the work temperatures like for serial alloy prototype. Received alloy is differed by presence of residual porosity and structure typical for two-phase sintered titanium alloys. For reducing of experimental alloy as-ВТ8 to requirements of the normative documentation (ND) for serial alloy ВТ8 and further implementation, investigation of influence of deformation processing on its structure and mechanical properties was carried out.
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Núñez-Decap, Mario, Yasna Barra-Rodríguez, Camila Opazo-Carlsson, Boris Moya-Rojas, Marcela Vidal-Vega, and Alexander Opazo-Vega. "Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Plywood." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 5114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, wood is presented as an alternative to traditional building materials and to mitigate climate change. Chile is one of the eight largest wood producers in the world; therefore, wood-based products are an easily accessible resource. The aim of this research is to reinforce at laboratory scale plywood panels with basalt and carbon engineer fibers using epoxy resin and polyvinyl acetate as an adhesive system to improve their physical and mechanical properties. Three-point static bending and Janka hardness tests were carried out. The results showed a better performance in the reinforced boards, which showed an increase in Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) properties in the parallel direction of about 48.2% and 52.8%, respectively. Additionally, for the perpendicular direction, there was an increase of 52.0% and 102.9%, respectively. On the other hand, the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) plywood panels showed an increase of at least 37% on the Janka hardness property, obtaining higher results with the polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive. Finally, FRP–plywood, PVA–BF and PVA–CF may be a new option for composite wood materials, with their ductile behavior and superior mechanical properties, especially in the perpendicular direction, where the increases were greater than those shown in unreinforced plywood.
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Hossain, M. S., M. Neyman, W. J. Cook, and A. Z. Gordon. "IGR Solid-State Electrochemical NOx Control for Natural Gas Combustion Exhaust Gases." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid-state electrochemical technology, embodied in the IGR process, is used to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nitrogen and oxygen, and thereby control NOx emissions from natural gas powered engines. The IGR deNOx process is based on solid-state, flow-through, high surface area, porous oxygen ion conductive ceramic electrolytes. Recent bench-scale experiments conducted for the Gas Research Institute have demonstrated NOx reduction in multicomponent gas streams, the inert portion of which simulate natural gas combustion products. The reduction products were analyzed by in situ gas chromatography to verify NOx reduction rates inferred from electrochemical measurements. IGR process advantages compared with existing NOx control technologies are reviewed.
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Sazali, Norazlianie, Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh, Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin, and Mohd Nizar Mhd Razali. "New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review." Membranes 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy storage and conversion is a very important link between the steps of energy production and energy consumption. Traditional fossil fuels are a natural and unsustainable energy storage medium with limited reserves and notorious pollution problems, therefore demanding a better choice to store and utilize the green and renewable energies in the future. Energy and environmental problems require a clean and efficient way of using the fuels. Fuel cell functions to efficiently convert oxidant and chemical energy accumulated in the fuel directly into DC electric, with the by-products of heat and water. Fuel cells, which are known as effective electrochemical converters, and electricity generation technology has gained attention due to the need for clean energy, the limitation of fossil fuel resources and the capability of a fuel cell to generate electricity without involving any moving mechanical part. The fuel cell technologies that received high interest for commercialization are polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The optimum efficiency for the fuel cell is not bound by the principle of Carnot cycle compared to other traditional power machines that are generally based on thermal cycles such as gas turbines, steam turbines and internal combustion engines. However, the fuel cell applications have been restrained by the high cost needed to commercialize them. Researchers currently focus on the discovery of different materials and manufacturing methods to enhance fuel cell performance and simplify components of fuel cells. Fuel cell systems’ designs are utilized to reduce the costs of the membrane and improve cell efficiency, durability and reliability, allowing them to compete with the traditional combustion engine. In this review, we primarily analyze recent developments in fuel cells technologies and up-to-date modeling for PEMFCs, SOFCs and DMFCs.
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Klimova-Korsmik, Olga G., Gleb Turichin, Evgeniy Zemlyakov, Konstantin Babkin, Pavel Petrovsky, and Andrey Travyanov. "Structure Formation in Ni Superalloys during High-Speed Direct Laser Deposition." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Additive technologies are replacing the conventional methods of casting and subsequent time-consuming machining because of its high productivity. Resent engineering development in the field of additive manufacturing allows increasing assortment of useful powder materials. Technology of high-speed direct laser deposition (HSDLD) is a one of most perspective new technologies. It allows realizing heterophase process during the manufacturing, which there is process of partial melting of used powder is realized. The product is formed from a metal powder, which is supplied by compressed gas-powder jet directly into the laser action zone, wherein the jet can be as coaxial and as non-coaxial. Ni-based alloys found their application in many industrial areas, mostly there are used engine systems, aircraft and shipbuilding, aeronautics. The unique combination of operational characteristics depending on the type of alloy makes them promising materials. Heating and cooling rates during direct laser deposition determine structure and affect on its properties. Research is focused on structure and phase formation within technological process of HSDLD for Ni-base superalloys. Mechanical tests were carried out on the static tensile test, microhardness was measured. Based on research results the high-speed direct laser deposition technology could be used for manufacturing of products from different Ni-based alloys without subsequent heat treatment.
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Patel, Firoz, Aaftab Pathan, Ayaz Ranasariya, Asad Shailkh, and Harshal Ahire. "Pipe Inspection Robot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The engineer is constantly conformed with the challenges of bringing ideas and design into reality. New machines and techniques are being developed continuously to manufacture various products at cheaper rates and high quality. The pipe inspection robot with active pipe-diameter adaptability and automatic tractive force adjusting is developed for long-distance inspection of main gas pipelines with different diameter series. Its physical design employs the scheme that three sets of parallelogram wheeled leg mechanism are circumferentially spaced out 120° apart symmetrically. This structural design makes it possible to realize the adaptation to pipe diameter and tractive force adjusting together. On the basis of analyzing the mechanical actions of the adaptation to pipe diameter and tractive force adjusting, the related mechanical models are established, and their control system structure and control strategy are discussed. To verify the pipe-diameter adaptability and tractive force adjusting of the robot, related field experiments are implemented in actual underground gas pipeline. The experimental results show that the theoretical analysis in this paper is valid and the prototype of this robot can work well in actual underground gas pipelines. Compared with other similar robots, this robot, which employs active mode for its adaptability to pipe diameter, can be adaptable to the wide range of gas pipeline diameters from ∅300 mm to ∅500 mm and automatically provide a stable and reliable tractive force with strong capacity of tractive force adjusting. As a mobile carrier for visual inspection wireless camera is mounted to see corrosion, crack, defect, and holes of main gas pipelines, spring is also mounted in middle for making it flexible to take turn. Keywords: In pipe robot, Active pipe diameter adaptability; Tractive force adjusting; Gas pipelines inspection
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Hutchins, T. E., and M. Metghalchi. "Energy and Exergy Analyses of the Pulse Detonation Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1610015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy and exergy analyses have been performed on a pulse detonation engine. A pulse detonation engine is a promising new engine, which uses a detonation wave instead of a deflagration wave for the combustion process. The high-speed supersonic combustion wave reduces overall combustion duration resulting in an nearly constant volume energy release process compared to the constant pressure process of gas turbine engines. Gas mixture in a pulse detonation engine has been modeled to execute the Humphrey cycle. The cycle includes four processes: isentropic compression, constant volume combustion, isentropic expansion, and isobaric compression. Working fluid is a fuel-air mixture for unburned gases and products of combustion for burned gases. Different fuels such as methane and JP10 have been used. It is assumed that burned gases are in chemical equilibrium states. Both thermal efficiency and effectiveness (exergetic efficiency) have been calculated for the pulse detonation engine and simple gas turbine engine. Comparison shows that for the same pressure ratio pulse detonation engine has better efficiency and effectiveness than the gas turbine system.
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Chai, Yaw Wang, and Yoshisato Kimura. "Multiscale microstructure engineering and the development of high performance, environmental friendly, low cost and thermally stable half-Heusler thermoelectric materials." Impact 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.1.65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major challenge of the 21st century is the management of our planetary environment. It's a highly complex issue that permeates every level of our society and our ecosystem. There are multiple outstanding problems that need addressing. Continued use of fossil fuels and the release of global warming gases is leading to global warming and global shifts in weather patterns. Consumption of single use products is causing the twin issues of wasting resources whilst creating massive waste disposal problems. By products from all of these processes pollute the environment with toxic and persistent waste. If these problems are to be solved, a shift in how our global society operates is necessary. Reuse, recycling and achieving maximum efficiency in all processes is vital. Whilst this will necessarily include obvious sources of waste such as plastics, batteries and electrical equipment, it also necessitates the reuse of overlooked waste such as the heat produced in many mechanical and industrial processes. Heat is particularly neglected as a wasted source of energy. Millions of processes, such as chemical manufacture, car engines and electrical equipment, produce heat as part of their normal processing. Typically, this heat is allowed to dissipate into the environment and is often actively removed for the efficient and safe management of the process. However, if even a tiny portion of this heat could be captured and turned into a usable form of energy, we could power all sorts of processes. This would save energy and therefore resources that would otherwise be used for power. Professor Yoshisato Kimura and Associate Professor Yaw Wang Chai of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan are material engineers looking to harness thermoelectric (TE) materials to convert heat into electricity. Specifically, they are interested in TE materials that are capable of remaining stable and generating electricity at high temperatures.
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Dellenback, Paul A. "A Reassessment of the Alternative Regeneration Cycle." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 4 (August 19, 2005): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2179079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two prior papers and several patents have considered improvements to a gas turbine engine’s cycle efficiency by using two turbines in series with an intermediate heat exchanger that preheats combustion air. This approach allows heating the combustion air to temperatures higher than those that can be achieved with “conventional regeneration” in which the combustion products are fully expanded across a turbine before any heat recovery. Since heat addition in the combustor of the “alternative regeneration” cycle occurs at a higher average temperature, then under certain conditions the cycle efficiency can be higher than that available from a cycle using conventional regeneration. This paper reconsiders the usefulness of the alternative regeneration cycle with more detailed modeling than has been presented previously. The revised modeling shows that the alternative regeneration cycle can produce efficiencies higher than conventional regeneration, but only for a more limited set of conditions than previously reported. For high-technology engines operating at high temperatures, the alternative regeneration cycle efficiencies can be three to four percentage points better than comparable conventional regeneration cycles. For lower-technology engines, which are more typical of those currently installed, improvements in efficiency only occur at lower values of heat exchanger effectiveness, which limits the usefulness of the alternative regeneration cycle. Also considered is an extension to the cycle that employs a second heat exchanger downstream of the second turbine for the purpose of further preheating the combustion air. In its optimum configuration, this “staged heat recovery” can produce additional small improvements of between 0.3 and 2.3 percentage points in cycle efficiency, depending on the particular cycle parameters assumed.
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Marin, Robert Cristian, Iulian Ştefan, Răzvan Ionuţ Iacobici, and Sorin Vasile Savu. "Eutectic Microbonding of Composite Materials Using Microwave Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1164 (June 23, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1164.17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper aims to report researches in microbonding process of composite magnetic materials using as thermal source the heat produced in base materials by the conversion of the electromagnetic waves with high frequency into thermal energy. This technology can be applied by targeting the base materials with microwaves and taking into account that composite magnetic materials based on ferrites, present good absorbance and conversion properties of the microwaves into heat. For experimental research, the base materials were sintered sampled of raw products obtained from stoichiometric mixtures of 6Fe2O3 + BaCO3. The raw products were obtained by milling and alloying processes using planetary ball mills. The milling and alloying processes have been perfomed in dry environement for homogeneous mixtures and wet environment for mixtures obtained using mechanical alloying. In terms of eutectic alloys used for microbonding, there have been used lead free Sn96,5%+Ag3%+Cu0,5% with melting point around 2170 C. The microbonding process have been perfomed in two steps: first step was focused on prepairing the base materials by cleaning and deposition of eutectic alloys on their surfaces; the second step was the heating of the base materials in microwave field. A microwave generator with adjustable input power from 0 W to 6000 W with a WR340 waveguide have been used as thermal sources. The researches have shown that the base materials were bonded using less than 10 % of microwave power and the eutectic alloys reached the melting temperature în less than 3 seconds when the magnetron was set to full power. A matching load impedance automatic tuner up to 6000 W have been used for increasing the level of absorbed power from nicrowave generator to samples and decreasing the level of rejected power from composite magnetic material to microwave generator. The temperature have been measured using IR pyrometers with range measurement between 0 and 7000 C. The process can be succesfully applied to a large scale for small parts of electrical engines with permanent cermic magnets.
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Leonovich, S. N., and J. Riachi. "3D-Modeling for Life Cycle of the Structure." Science & Technique 20, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-1-5-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Owners and construction management are in permanent search to increase competitiveness, reduce cost and time and maintain a high quality of products and services. In this objective project management tend to organize work execution by implementing comprehensive, linked and sequential processes, making full use of every work effort and limiting work duplication and rework. Since the ’90s, the 3D-modeling is used to coordinate, plan, build and manage future structures. The BIM approach proposes to stakeholders to participate in an intelligent centrally shared 3D-model making use of every contribution to this model, facilitating the coordination, solving the interfaces, reducing duplication efforts and carrying the developed data information throughout the life cycle of the structure and beyond the construction phase. Completing a complex structure requires an important level of design management and coordination of the interface between architect, designer, mechanic, electrician, and other designers. Basic input is required from equipment suppliers. Now, for a good reason, everyone in charge of the process is focused on achieving their process with less cost and less time. Thus, he inadvertently reduces the effort associated with surrounding or subsequent actions, and focuses on his main result. For example, structural engineering developing a 3D-model will focus on clean structural design focusing on structural continuity, geometry identification, and calculation model for finite elements of software. Likewise, a mechanical engineer will model plumbing and mechanical networks for fabrication and installation purposes. It is the same with other design disciplines.
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Zhao, Feifei. "Finite-Element Analysis on Lightweight Material of Drive Axle Housing." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.310106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In actual engineering, the drive axle of vehicles is often enlarged to prevent it from being damaged. However, the enlargement will increase the weight of the vehicle, pushing up fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This common practice is obviously detrimental to the environment and sustainable development. To meet the stiffness and strength requirements on the drive axle housing of Steyr heavy trucks, this paper carries out finite-element analysis on the stiffness and strength of the axile housing under different working conditions, in the light of its actual stress features. According to the production process of drive axle housing in truck, the authors reviewed the development of the materials for high-strength axle housing, which could be properly formed through hot stamping, cold stamping, and mechanical expansion, and briefly introduced the structural features of drive axle housing. Then, a drive axle model was established in the three-dimensional (3D) drawing software Pro/ENGINEER, and converted into a finite-element model in Pro/Mechanica by calling the meshing command. On this basis, the static load of axle housing was analyzed under four working conditions: maximum vertical force, maximum traction, maximum braking force, and maximum lateral force. Finite-element analysis was performed on the meshed model to obtain the displacement and stress cloud maps of the axle housing under each working condition. The results show that the drive axle housing satisfy the requirements on strength, stiffness, and deformation. To sum up, this research improves the design efficiency and quality of products through finite-element analysis on the stiffness and strength of drive axle housing.
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Ikonomov, P. G., A. Yahamed, P. D. Fleming, and A. Pekarovicova. "Design and testing 3D printed structures for bone replacements." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 101 (August 1, 2020): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4922.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: 3D printing has shown enormous potential for building plastic products, including bone, organs, and body parts. The technology has progressed from visualization and preoperation training to the 3D printing of customized body parts and implants. This research aims to create 3D printed bone structure from plastics and test the mechanical properties of the cortical and trabecular bone structures if they match the real bone structure strength. Design/methodology/approach: We used Digital Imaging, and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images from Computer Tomography (CT) scans to created external bone structures. These images' resolution did not allow the creation of fine trabecular bone structures, so we used 3D modeling software to engineer special 3D void honeycomb structures (with triangular, square, and hexagonal shapes). Another reason to design void structures is that the 3D printing of complex shapes without support materials is problematic. After designing and 3D printing of the 3D bone structures, their mechanical properties need to be tested. Findings: 3D bone models, solid (cortical), and void (trabecular) bone structures were designed, 3D printed, and then tested. Tensile, bending, and compression testing was performed. Testing the mechanical properties of the honeycomb structures (triangular, square, and hexagonal) shows that their strength and modulus are higher than those of the real trabecular bones. The results show that 3D printed honeycomb structures mechanical properties can match and some cases exceeding the properties of the actual bones trabecular structures, while the sold structures have lower mechanical properties than the bone cortical structures. Research limitations/implications: During the 3D printing experiments, we found that 3D printers, in general, have low resolution, not enough to print fine trabecular bone structures. To solve the existing 3D printing technology's insufficient resolution, we later designed and built an SLA (stereolithography) 3D printer with high printing resolution (10 micrometers). Another limitation we found is the lack of biocompatible materials for 3D printing of bone structures. Future research work is in progress formulating superior ink/resin for bone structures 3D printing. Further, clinical trials need to be performed to investigate 3D printed parts’ influence on the healing of bone structures. Practical implications: We found that the 3D void (honeycomb) structures will have an impact not only on building bone structures but also in engineering special structures for industrial applications that can reduce the weight, time, and the cost of the material, while still keep sufficient mechanical properties. Originality/value: Designing and testing 3D printed bone models, solid (cortical), and void (trabecular) bone structures could replace bones. Design and test special void honeycomb structures as a replacement for cortical bone structures.
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SKUSE, DAVID, JONATHAN PHIPPS, and TOM LARSON. "Co-ground mineral/microfibrillated cellulose composite materials: Recycled fibers, engineered minerals, and new product forms." January 2021 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.1.49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When pulp and minerals are co-processed in suspension, the mineral acts as a grinding aid, allowing cost-effective production of mineral/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) composite materials. This processing uses robust milling equipment and is practiced at industrial scale. The resulting products can be used in many applications, including as wet- and dry-strength aids in paper and board production. Previously, we have reported that use of these MFC composite materials in fiber-based applications allow generally improved wet and dry mechanical properties with concomitant opportunities for cost savings, property improvements, or grade developments. Mineral/MFC composites made with recycled pulp feedstocks were shown to offer at least equivalent strength aid performance to composites made using virgin fibers. Selection of mineral and fiber allows preparation of mineral/MFC composites with a range of properties. For example, the viscosity of such formulations was shown to be controlled by the shape factor of the mineral chosen, effective barrier formulations were prepared, and mineral/MFC composites with graphite as the mineral were prepared. High-solids mineral/MFC composites were prepared at 75% total solids (37% fibril solids). When resuspended and used for papermaking, these high-solids products gave equivalent performance to never-dried controls.
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Vasilevykh, Sergey L., Alexandr V. Udalov, and Evgeniy S. Shelihov. "Method for constructing an equivalent mechanical model of an elastic system of a machine with various technological equipment." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the construction of an equivalent mechanical model of the elastic system of the machine for turning non-rigid shafts with various technological equipment, including machining in centers and machining in a chuck with the rear rotating center being clamped without using additional support and using a vibration-damper lunette. The relevance of this study due to the fact that in view of low stiffness processed non-rigid shaft technology system machine-tool-tool-workpiece is extremely sensitive to the deformations caused by the action of cutting forces. As a result, significant processing errors are generated. High sensitivity to deformations serves as a source of intensive vibrations of the workpiece, which leads to deterioration of the quality of the machined surface of the part, a decrease in the durability and durability of the cutting tool, accelerated wear and loss of guaranteed machine accuracy parameters. This makes it essential to significantly reduce the cutting conditions, to resort to multi-pass processing, which greatly increases the laboriousness and cost of manufacturing products. In this context, the aim of this study – the creation of an equivalent mechanical model of the machine, allowing the process of studies to determine the boundaries of sustainable non-rigid turning shafts considering the different ways of mounting the workpiece on the machine. The materials of the article can be useful for engineers and scientists in the field of engineering.
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Canakci, M., and R. D. Reitz. "Effect of Optimization Criteria on Direct-Injection Homegeneous Charge Compression Ignition Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Using Fully Automated Experiments and Microgenetic Algorithms." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1635395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new low-emission engine concept. Combustion under homogeneous, low equivalence ratio conditions results in modest temperature combustion products, containing very low concentrations of NOx and PM as well as providing high thermal efficiency. However, this combustion mode can produce higher HC and CO emissions than those of conventional engines. Control of the start of combustion timing is difficult with pre-mixed charge HCCI. Accordingly, in the present study charge preparation and combustion phasing control is achieved with direct injection. An electronically controlled Caterpillar single-cylinder oil test engine (SCOTE), originally designed for heavy-duty diesel applications, was converted to a direct-injection gasoline engine. The engine features an electronically controlled low-pressure direct injection-gasoline (DI-G) injector with a 60 deg spray angle that is capable of multiple injections. The use of double injection was explored for emission control, and the engine was optimized using fully automated experiments and a microgenetic algorithm optimization code. The variables changed during the optimization include the intake air temperature, start of injection timing, and the split injection parameters (percent mass of fuel in each injection, dwell between the pulses) using three different objective (merit) functions. The engine performance and emissions were determined at 700 rev/min with a constant fuel flow rate at 10 MPa fuel injection pressure. The results show the choice of merit or objective function (optimization goal) determines the engine performance, and that significant emission reductions can be achieved with optimal injection strategies. Merit function formulations are presented that minimized PM, HC, and NOx emissions, respectively.
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Costa Correia, Viviane da, Sergio Francisco Santos, and Holmer Savastano. "Vegetable fiber as reinforcing elements for cement based composite in housing applications – a Brazilian experience." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetable fibers are a hierarchical structure material in the macro, micro and nanometric scales that have been used as reinforcement in cementitious materials. In nanoscale, the nanofibrillated cellulose has the advantage of having good mechanical performance and high specific surface, which contributes to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix. In hybrid reinforcement, with micro and nanofibers, nanofibrillated cellulose forms bonding with the matrix and acts as stress transfer bridges in the nano-cracking with corresponding strengthening of the cementitious composite. Processing has a strong influence on performance of the fiber cement composite. Two fabrication methods were evaluated: (i) slurry dewatering followed by pressing and (ii) extrusion. The extrusion process strongly depends on the rheological characteristics of the fresh cement material but it can better organize the microstructure of the fiber cement due to the partial orientation of the fibers in the extruder direction. Curing process also plays a key role in the performance of the final product. Accelerated carbonation at early age is a promising technology and a strategy to mitigate the durability problems with the composite materials; it decreases porosity, promotes a higher density in the interface guarantying a good fiber–matrix adhesion and a better mechanical behavior. Alternative MgO-SiO2 clinker free binder is also presented as a suitable alternative to cementitious products reinforced with cellulosic pulps. Finally, mechanical behavior of fiber cement under flexural loading is evaluated by modulus of rupture, fracture toughness, the initial crack growth resistance in cement matrix, and fracture energy that is obtained to evaluate the influence of toughening mechanisms promoted by fibers, such as pullout and bridging, on the mechanical performance of the composites. Degradation during the service life is also crucial for the evaluation of the durability of the resulting materials and components in real applications exposed to different environmental conditions as roofing, partitioning or ceiling elements. It can be concluded that more sustainable and high performance components based on engineered natural raw materials for civil construction can bring valuable contributions for the affordable housing in particular to developing region.
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Klochikhin, V., S. Danilov, N. Lysenko та V. Naumyk. "Development of technology for modification of heat-resistant nickel alloy ЖС3ДК-ВІ with titanium carbonitride ultrafine powders". Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, № 2 (18 березня 2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2020-2-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. To study the effect of modification by the titanium carbonitride Ti(C, N) ultrafine particles additives in the form of powder and briquettes on the structure and physical-mechanical properties of the ЖС3ДК-ВІ alloy used for the manufacture of aircraft engine turbines cast rotor blades.
Research methods. Preliminary high-temperature treatment of the melt was carried out on a VIP-10 installation.
On the UPPF-3M installation with the alkaline melting pot, the ЖС3ДК-ВІ alloy was modified with ultrafine particles of titanium carbonitride Ti(C,N) in an amount of 60...80 g in the form of briquettes or powder wrapped in nickel foil.
The samples were subjected to homogenization at a temperature of 1210 °C with a holding time of 3.5 hours and air cooling.
The chemical composition of investigated alloys was determined. The macrostructure was studied on plates ~ 4 mm thick after chemical etching. The microstructure was evaluated on microsections before and after etching in the Marble reagent.
Microhardness, ultimate strength, elongation and contraction, impact strength were determined at room temperature. Long-term strength tests were carried out at 850 °C under a load of 350 MPa. The bending test of the blades was carried out on a manual screw press in accordance with GOST 14019-80.
Results. The microstructure of Ti+TiCN briquettes has been studied by optical and electron microscopy. X-ray microanalysis of specimen fractures confirmed a fairly uniform distribution of titanium carbonitride in the volume of briquettes.
The chemical composition, macro- and microstructure of the experimental alloy have been studied. A fracto-graphic study of the samples fracture structure was carried out.
The modifying effect of titanium carbonitride ultrafine particles on the dendritic structure, distribution and change in the morphology of primary carbides, the number and distribution of carbonitride particles has been established.
A comparative analysis of the mechanical and heat-resistant properties of the ЖС3ДК-ВІ alloy of standard composition and modified with ultradispersed Ti(C,N) particles has been carried out. Bending tests of turbine rotor blades were carried out.
Scientific novelty. It is shown that the use of ultrafine titanium carbonitride powders for bulk modification of the heat-resistant nickel alloy ЖС3ДК-ВІ makes it possible to increase the mechanical and heat-resistant properties of the material. Increasing the amount of modifier promotes grain refinement.
More stable properties and favorable structure are provided by melt modification with ultrafine Ti(C,N) particles in the form of briquettes. It was found that modification with powdered Ti(C,N) leads to a decrease in the impact toughness values due to the formation of boundary microporosity.
Practical value. The technology of the heat-resistant nickel alloy ЖС3ДК-ВІ, used for the manufacture of cast rotor blades of gas turbine engines, modification with additives of titanium carbonitride Ti(C,N) ultrafine particles, providing an increased level of performance properties of finished products, has been developed.
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Pelletier, Roger, Louis Philippe Lefebvre, and Eric Baril. "A MIM Route for Producing Ti6Al4V-TiC Composites." Key Engineering Materials 704 (August 2016): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.704.139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Discontinuous reinforced titanium matrix composites have generated significant interest due to their compelling properties such as their specific strength and wear resistance at room and elevated temperatures. For these reasons, these materials have been considered in various applications such as automotive (valve components), aerospace (engine components) and medical devices (implants). Metal injection molding (MIM) has proven to be an efficient near net-shape technology suitable for high volume manufacturing of parts having complex geometries. The MIM technology is particularly attractive for producing composites as the metallic matrix does not go through the liquid state. This helps minimizing the segregation of the hard particles. MIM also reduces the needs for machining. However, the production of titanium components with the MIM process has its own challenges and limitations, such as presence of porosities and coarser microstructures compared to wrought products. The present work introduces the results obtained during the development of a MIM route for producing Ti6Al4V-5wt%TiC composites. The feedstock developed is wax-based and incorporates a pre-alloyed metal powder. The microstructure, mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures, the wear resistance and the thermal diffusivity of the composites have been characterised. Properties are compared with those of a Ti6Al4V MIM material produced with the same feedstock and process but without TiC as well as with those of wrought Ti6Al4V reported in the literature. The presence of a small amount of TiC promotes densification and grain size refinement and affects the surface finish of the sintered components. Tensile properties of the composites are comparable or better than those of wrought Ti6Al4V (ASTM F1472). Improved mechanical properties compared to unreinforced material are associated to the higher density, finer grain size as well as solution strengthening of the titanium matrix.
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Xin, J., D. Montgomery, Z. Han, and R. D. Reitz. "Multidimensional Modeling of Combustion for a Six-Mode Emissions Test Cycle on a DI Diesel Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerical simulations of direct injection (DI) heavy-duty diesel engine combustion over the entire engine operating range were conducted using the KIVA code, with modifications to the spray, combustion, turbulence, and heat transfer models. In this work, the effect of the rates of species conversion from reactants to products in the combustion model was investigated, and a characteristic time combustion model was formulated to allow consideration of multiple characteristic time scales for the major chemical species. In addition, the effect of engine operating conditions on the model formulation was assessed, and correlations were introduced into the combustion model to account for the effects of residual gas and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). The predictions were compared with extensive engine test data. The calculation results, had good overall agreement with the experimental cylinder pressure and heat release results, and the multiple-time-scale combustion model is shown to give improved emissions predictions compared to a previous single-time-scale model. Overall, the NOx predictions are in good agreement with the experiments. The soot predictions are also in reasonable agreement with the measured particulates at medium and high loads. However, at light loads, the agreement deteriorates, possibly due to the neglect of the contribution of SOF in the soot model predictions.
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Fish, F. E. "Limits of Nature and Advances of Technology: What Does Biomimetics Have to Offer to Aquatic Robots?" Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 3, no. 1 (2006): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/506474.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the biomimetic approach has been utilized as a mechanism for technological advancement in the field of robotics. However, there has not been a full appreciation of the success and limitations of biomimetics. Similarities between natural and engineered systems are exhibited by convergences, which define environmental factors, which impinge upon design, and direct copying that produces innovation through integration of natural and artificial technologies. Limitations of this integration depend on the structural and mechanical differences of the two technologies and on the process by which each technology arises. The diversity of organisms that arose through evolutionary descent does not necessarily provide all possible solutions of optimal functions. However, in instances where organisms exhibit superior performance to engineered systems, features of the organism can be targeted for technology transfer. In this regard, cooperation between biologists and engineers is paramount.
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Oussai, Alaeddine, Zoltán Bártfai, László Kátai, and István Szalkai. "Development of a small-scale plastic recycling technology and a special filament product for 3D printing." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In our days, the fight against pollution has become a real challenge for the state. recycling is one of the solutions that is adopted in several nations to reduce the rate of plastic discarded in nature. The amount of plastic waste has been increasing for decades contributing to the environmental pollution that is one of the most serious problem of the mankind. according to the statistics not only the household plastic waste, but the industry discharge is increasing because the utilization of plastic as a raw material is more and more extending. plastic can be found in a lot of products, huge number of bottles, plastic bags, computers, auto parts are sold every day. The current applications for using recycled plastics in fabrication and design are fairly limited, on a small scale, plastics (such as abs, HDPe1, or Pe2t) are shredded and formed into pellets, and then either extruded into lament to be used in existing 3d printers, or injection molded into small parts and pieces of larger components. at a large scale, recycled HDpE is melted into sheets and either used directly as sheets in construction, or then heat formed from a sheet into components for construction. these methods of fabrication using recycled plastics are the norm because of their straightforward processes. nevertheless, each method leaves some complexity to be desired. This paper we study the types of plastics and diagnose the pollution caused by the latter. this allowed us to design and size a recycling station of plastic into filaments for three-dimensional printers. this station which will contribute to the fight against pollution. the station consists of two machines for grinding of the plastic and the other for the extrusion of the desired filaments. we were able to make a theoretical academic study on both machines and also we designed with solidworks 2015. The theoretical study is spread of the mechanical calculations necessary to the design and validation of the structure using the tools. as the prospect of this project, we want to complete the achievement of this station while completing the crusher and extruder mechanically. then switch to electric and electronic parts (introduction of engines, sensors and wiring...). In the case of waste plastics that are recyclable and reusable. the most widely used are polyethylene terephthalate (pet, used for synthetic fibers and water bottles), and second high-density polyethylene (hdpe, used for jugs, bottle caps, water pipes).
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McQueen, H. J. "Successful Transition from Wrought Iron to Steel in Hot Work Processing with Mechanism Differences." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The metallurgical revolution of increased supply and decreased cost followed three stages: 1) coke use in the blast furnace, 2) puddling process for wrought iron (WI) and 3) Bessemer or Siemens processes for steel. The second gave rise to the conversion from wooden (iron-reinforced) machines to iron machines such as railroad engines, ships and long-span bridges, all hot-riveted. The self-made mechanical engineers raised the precision, scale and speed of mechanical shaping technology; this was transferred from WI to ingot steel with little difficulty for the same products with increased strength. Accurately measured mechanical properties of WI and steel were related for the first time to microstructure and processing by David Kirkaldy to improve Clyde-built ships and to propel metallurgy from artisanal to science-based.
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Beally, Bruce. "Keeping Virtual Products On Track." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-oct-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Product data management (PDM) has helped engineers shrink the time needed to develop a new cross-country motor coach called Renaissance. Engineers used virtual prototypes to confirm that movable parts in the motor coach would fit properly and to identify interferences before physical prototypes were built. The Renaissance uses some highly innovative technology. It is the only cross-country motor coach built in North America to feature six-wheel anti-lock disc brakes for speedy stops and a steering tag axle that greatly improves manoeuvrability. Motor Coach management believes that the use of computer design eliminated some of the costs associated with building and rebuilding portions of the prototype. It also reduced the cycle time considerably. The entire project, from concept to customer deliveries, took 39 months. The PDM system helped engineers by allowing them to see the association of their files with their designs. Solid modeling and PDM helped engineers slash the Renaissance's parts count by 60 percent, reduce suppliers from 53 to 48, and cut build hours by 45 percent.