Готові списки джерел за темами / High light intensity

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "High light intensity"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "High light intensity"

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Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan, Zhi Gang Yu, Shekhar Guha, and Leo Gonzalez. "High intensity light propagation in InAs." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 16 (October 16, 2006): 161108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2363970.

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2

Geeraets, Walter J., and Don Ridgeway. "RETINAL DAMAGE FROM HIGH INTENSITY LIGHT." Acta Ophthalmologica 41, S76 (May 27, 2009): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1963.tb05170.x.

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Hanifin, John P., Karen T. Stewart, Peter Smith, Roger Tanner, Mark Rollag, and George C. Brainard. "High‐intensity red light suppresses melatonin." Chronobiology International 23, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420520500521988.

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Ulker, Mustafa, Tancan Uysal, Sabri Ilhan Ramoglu, and Huseyin Ertas. "Microleakage under Orthodontic Brackets Using High-Intensity Curing Lights." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111607-534.1.

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Abstract Objective: To compare the microleakage of the enamel-adhesive-bracket complex at the occlusal and gingival margins of brackets bonded with high-intensity light curing lights and conventional halogen lights. Materials and Methods: Forty-five freshly extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were randomly separated into three groups of 15 teeth each. Stainless steel brackets were bonded in all groups according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Specimens (15 per group) were cured for 40 seconds with a conventional halogen light, 20 seconds with light-emitting diode (LED), and 6 seconds with plasma arc curing light (PAC). After curing, the specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic-fuchsine for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for microleakage for the enamel-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces from both the occlusal and gingival margins. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests with a Bonferroni correction. Results: The type of light curing unit did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage at the gingival or occlusal margins of investigated interfaces (P >.05). The gingival sides in the LED and PAC groups exhibited higher microleakage scores compared with those observed on occlusal sides for the enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces. The halogen light source showed similar microleakage at the gingival and occlusal sides between both adhesive interfaces. Conclusions: High-intensity curing units did not cause more microleakage than conventional halogen lights. This supports the use of all these curing units in routine orthodontic practice.
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Michalik, Damian Arkadiusz, Paweł S. Jung, Bartłomiej W. Klus, Andrzej Kowalik, Anna Rojek, Urszula A. Laudyn, and Mirosław A. Karpierz. "Chromium plasmonic polarizer for high intensity light." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.767.

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In this work, we investigate a thin-film polarizer for a high intensity of the electromagnetic (EM) beam based on Cr nano wire arrays. Commonly used thin-film polarizing components are very sensitive for high power of EM waves and can be easily damaged by focused beams. The solution to this problem could be the thin-film polarizer based on metallic subwavelengths structures. This type of optical element has huge resistance comparing to typical thin-film polarizers. However, designing such an optical element for proper wavelength of EM wave and transmissions is not easy task. In this paper we present numerical as well as experimental results for specially designed chromium thin-film polarizer for wavelength 532nm Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Zhou, K. Li, C. Song, P. Hao, M. Chi, M. Yu and Y. Wu, "Polarization-independent and omnidirectional nearly perfect absorber with ultra-thin 2D subwavelength metal grating in the visible region", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef W. L. Barnes, A . Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Surface plasmon subwavelength optics", Nature 424, 824-830 (2003). CrossRef C. Lee, E. Sim, D. Kim, "Blazed wire-grid polarizer for plasmon-enhanced polarization extinction: design and analysis", Opt. Express 25, 7 (2017). CrossRef A. Lehmuskero, Metallic thin film structures and polarization shaping gratings (University of Eastern Finland 2010).Y. Leroux, J. C. Lacroix, C. Fave, V. Stockhausen, N. Felidj, J. Grandm, A. Hohenau, J. R. Krenn, "Active plasmonic devices with anisotropic optical response: a step toward active polarizer", Nano Lett. 5, 9 (2009). CrossRef R. T. Perkins, D. P. Hansen, E. W. Gardner, J. M. Thorne, A. A. Robbins, Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum, US 6122103 (2000). DirectLink D. M. Sullivan, Electromagnetic simulation using the FDTD method, New York: IEEE Press Series (2000). CrossRef J. P. Berenger, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) for Computational Electromagnetics, Morgan & Claypool Publishers (2007). CrossRef Yu, W., and R. Mittra, "A conformal FDTD software package modeling antennas and microstrip circuit components", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine 42, 28 (2000) . CrossRef L. W. Bos, D. W. Lynch, "Optical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Chromium and Dilute Cr-Mn and Cr-Re Alloys", Phys. Rev. Sect. B, 2, 4267 (1970). CrossRef
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Durfee, C. G., and H. M. Milchberg. "Light pipe for high intensity laser pulses." Physical Review Letters 71, no. 15 (October 11, 1993): 2409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.2409.

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Gonzalez, L. P., S. Guha, and Q. Sheng. "Propagation of high intensity light in semiconductors." PAMM 7, no. 1 (December 2007): 1041203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700294.

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INOUE, AKIHIRO. "Light Source Revolution-Technological Advance on High Intensity Light Sources." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 119, no. 2 (1999): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.119.96.

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Van Doren, Benjamin M., Kyle G. Horton, Adriaan M. Dokter, Holger Klinck, Susan B. Elbin, and Andrew Farnsworth. "High-intensity urban light installation dramatically alters nocturnal bird migration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 42 (October 2, 2017): 11175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708574114.

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Billions of nocturnally migrating birds move through increasingly photopolluted skies, relying on cues for navigation and orientation that artificial light at night (ALAN) can impair. However, no studies have quantified avian responses to powerful ground-based light sources in urban areas. We studied effects of ALAN on migrating birds by monitoring the beams of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum's “Tribute in Light” in New York, quantifying behavioral responses with radar and acoustic sensors and modeling disorientation and attraction with simulations. This single light source induced significant behavioral alterations in birds, even in good visibility conditions, in this heavily photopolluted environment, and to altitudes up to 4 km. We estimate that the installation influenced ≈1.1 million birds during our study period of 7 d over 7 y. When the installation was illuminated, birds aggregated in high densities, decreased flight speeds, followed circular flight paths, and vocalized frequently. Simulations revealed a high probability of disorientation and subsequent attraction for nearby birds, and bird densities near the installation exceeded magnitudes 20 times greater than surrounding baseline densities during each year’s observations. However, behavioral disruptions disappeared when lights were extinguished, suggesting that selective removal of light during nights with substantial bird migration is a viable strategy for minimizing potentially fatal interactions among ALAN, structures, and birds. Our results also highlight the value of additional studies describing behavioral patterns of nocturnally migrating birds in powerful lights in urban areas as well as conservation implications for such lighting installations.
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Huang, K. C., W. H. Lan, K. F. Huang, J. C. Lin, Y. C. Cheng, W. J. Lin, and S. M. Pan. "High light output intensity of titanium dioxide textured light-emitting diodes." Solid-State Electronics 52, no. 8 (August 2008): 1154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2008.02.007.

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Дисертації з теми "High light intensity"

1

Köhler, Christian. "Ultrashort Light Sources from High Intensity Laser-Matter Interaction." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88076.

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The thesis deals with the development and characterization of new light sources, which are mandatory for applications in atomic and molecular spectroscopy, medical and biological imaging or industrial production. For that purpose, the employment of interactions of high intensity ultra-short laser pulses with gaseous media offers a rich variety of physical effects which can be exploited. The effects are characterized by a nonlinear dependency on the present light fields. Therefore, accurate modeling of the nonlinearities of the gas is crucial. In general, the nonlinearities are due to the electronic response of the gas atoms to the light field and one distinguishes between the response of bound and ionized electrons. The first part investigates laser pulse self compression, where the consideration of a purely bound electron response is sufficient. We apply an exotic setup with an negative Kerr nonlinearity in order to avoid spatial collapse of the beam on the cost of dealing with an highly dispersive nonlinearity. Analytical analysis and numerical simulations prove the possibility of laser pulse compression in such setups and reveals a new compression scheme, where the usually disturbing dispersion of the nonlinaerity is responsible for compression. Dealing with tera-Hertz generation by focusing an ionizing two-color laser pulse into gas, the second part exploits a medium nonlinearity caused by ionized electrons. We reveal in a mixed analytical and numerical analysis the underlying physical mechanism for THz generation: ionized electrons build up a current, which radiates. Thereby, the the two-color nature of the input laser is crucial for the emitted radiation to be in the tera-Hertz range. Combining this physical model with a pulse propagation equation allows us to achieve remarkable agreement with experimental measurements. Finally, the third part deals with nonlinearities from bound as well from ionized electrons on a fundamental level. We advance beyond phenomenological models for responses of bound and ionized electrons and quantum mechanically model the interaction of an ultra-short laser pulse with a gas. Already the simplest case of one dimensional hydrogen reveals basic features. For low intensities, the Kerr nonlinearity excellently describes the response of bound electrons. For increasing intensity, ionization becomes important and the response from ionized electrons is the governing one for high intensities. This quantum mechanical correct modeling allows us to explain saturation and change of sing of the nonlinear refractive index and to deduce suited approximate models for optical nonlinearities.
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Hutchison, Steven J. "An analysis of light infantry effectiveness in mid-to-high intensity conflict deliberate attack missions." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27967.

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This thesis documents a simulation study of light infantry operations in mid-to-high intensity conflict. An initial data analysis is performed using deliberate attack missions conducted at tile U.S. Army National Training Center (NTC) and compares the measures of effectiveness (MOE) of fully modernized heavy forces to the effectiveness of heavy forces operating with an attached light infantry battalion. This analysis includes development of a light infantry attack simulation which employed object oriented programming in MODSIM II. The simulation models light infantry operations in the NTC environment and is used to explore alternative tactical employment techniques designed to enhance unit performance on the AirLand Battlefield. This thesis also describes the tank and mechanized infantry task force. The light infantry task force, the heavy/light rotation concept, the deliberate attack mission, and the NTC environment and data collection capabilities. The simulation models an infantry attack against opposing forces in fixed, fortified positions. The model is a high resolution simulation which builds object code from infantry platoon level through battalion. The simulation depicts unit movements, attrition to indirect fires, and target engagements. The positioning of enemy forces is extracted from actual battlefield positions during an NTC deliberate attack mission. The simulation replicates close operations in which the light force mission is to gain an initial penetration of enemy barriers and pass the heavy force forward to continue the attack. The simulation study explores the use of light forces in alternative tactical scenarios. National Training Center heavy/light rotation, Simulation
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Murdoch, Lynne Elizabeth. "An investigation into the use of High-Intensity Narrow Spectrum light as a decontamination technology." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22623.

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Control of contaminant microorganisms is important in many different settings, particularly in healthcare and food production and processing, where environmental contamination by pathogenic microorganisms can be detrimental to human health. In the UK, the number of hospital-associated infections (HAI) and food-related illnesses continues to rise. As such, alternative and complementary disinfection and decontamination technologies are constantly being sought. This investigation examined the inactivation efficacy of High-Intensity Narrow Spectrum Light (HINS-light) on a wide range of microorganisms using LED arrays that emitted intense 405-nm light. The theorised inactivation mechanism involves 405-nm stimulation of endogenous porphyrins, ultimately leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative cell damage and microbial inactivation. All tested microorganisms associated with HAI and foodborne illnesses were readily inactivated by 405-nm light. It was als o established, for the first time, that 405-nm light was germicidal to eukaryotic microorganisms, including Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the spore-forming fungus Aspergillus niger. Further examination found 405-nm light induced toxic photo-product formation in Nutrient Broth. The photo-product was particularly toxic to Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii, although it elicited either no effect or a bacterio-static effect in other tested bacteria. HINS-light is known to be less germicidal than pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light produced from a Xenon flashlamp, however this study has demonstrated that sublethally PUV-damaged S. aureus cells can undergo photoreactivation upon exposure to 300-500-nm light, with maximum effect elicited at 360-380 nm. This photoreactivation potential, that can affect the inactivation capability of UV-light decontamination technologies, was not found to be associated with HINS-light treatment. In addition, HINS-light technology has significant safety advantages over UV light thereby permitting its use in occupied environments. This study has greatly extended the range of microorganisms that have been shown to be sensitive to HINSlight exposure, including important pathogens and food spoilage micoorganisms. The study has confirmed that HINS-light has the capability to be used for the control of a wide range of microorganisms in environmental decontamination applications, and thereby has the potential to contribute to an overall reduction in the numbers of HAI and foodborne illnesses.
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Wong, Karen K. L. "Intra-pulpal thermal effects of dental lasers and high-intensity lights during light-activated tooth whitening and resin polymerisation on human teeth /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16897.pdf.

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Kjellsson, Lindblom Tor. "Relativistic light-matter interaction." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147749.

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During the past decades, the development of laser technology has produced pulses with increasingly higher peak intensities. These can now be made such that their strength rivals, and even exceeds, the atomic potential at the typical distance of an electron from the nucleus. To understand the induced dynamics, one can not rely on perturbative methods and must instead try to get as close to the full machinery of quantum mechanics as practically possible. With increasing field strength, many exotic interactions such as magnetic, relativistic and higher order electric effects may start to play a significant role. To keep a problem tractable, only those effects that play a non-negligible role should be accounted for. In order to do this, a clear notion of their relative importance as a function of the pulse properties is needed.  In this thesis I study the interaction between atomic hydrogen and super-intense laser pulses, with the specific aim to contribute to the knowledge of the relative importance of different effects. I solve the time-dependent Schrödinger and Dirac equations, and compare the results to reveal relativistic effects. High order electromagnetic multipole effects are accounted for by including spatial variation in the laser pulse. The interaction is first described using minimal coupling. The spatial part of the pulse is accounted for by a series expansion of the vector potential and convergence with respect to the number of expansion terms is carefully checked. A significantly higher demand on the spatial description is found in the relativistic case, and its origin is explained. As a response to this demanding convergence behavior, an alternative interaction form for the relativistic case has been developed and presented. As a guide mark for relativistic effects, I use the classical concept of quiver velocity, vquiv, which is the peak velocity of a free electron in the polarization direction of a monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave that interacts with the electron. Relativistic effects are expected when vquiv reaches a substantial fraction of the speed of light c, and in this thesis I consider cases up to vquiv=0.19c. For the present cases, relativistic effects are found to emerge around vquiv=0.16c .
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Tammineedi, Chatrapati Veera Raghava Kumar. "EFFECT OF UV-C LIGHT, HIGH INTENSITY ULTRASOUND AND NONTHERMAL ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA TREATMENTS ON THE ALLERGENICITY OF MAJOR COW MILK PROTEINS." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/921.

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Milk is one of the eight major food allergens. Cow's milk allergy is the most common allergy in children under 2 years of age. About 1.6 to 2.8 percent of children under this age are reported to have cow's milk allergy. Casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin are major milk protein allergens. Nonthermal treatments like high intensity ultrasound, ultraviolet (UV) light and nonthermal plasma treatments have been reported in the literature to be effective in reducing the allergenicity of different food proteins. Hence it was expected for these treatments to reduce cow milk allergenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity ultrasound, nonthermal atmospheric plasma and UV-C light treatments in reducing the allergenicity of isolated major milk proteins. Sonics Vibracell VC 505 ultrasonic liquid processor was used to perform high intensity ultrasound treatments. UV light treatments were performed using a DDK Scientific Corporation UV tunnel. A nonthermal atmospheric plasma setup assembled in Department of Microbiology lab was used to perform plasma treatments. Samples were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to estimate the change in protein concentration and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assays (ELISA) to observe the change in IgE binding. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the relationship between treatment time and percent IgE binding at 95% confidence level. Further investigation was conducted with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on treated casein to assess any change in the structure of protein. SDS-PAGE results for ultrasound and plasma treatments didn't show any change in gel band intensities for casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin indicating no significant change in protein concentration. Ci-ELISA analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in IgE binding values for control and treated samples in ultrasound and plasma treatment conditions tested in this study. The intensities of all the three protein bands in SDS-PAGE gel were reduced by UV-C light treatment at 15 min treatment time. In Ci-ELISA, there was a significant difference (p< 0.05) in IgE binding values for control and treated samples and a reduction in allergenicity of proteins (25% reduction for casein and 28% reduction for whey protein fractions) was observed. Further investigations using in vivo clinical trials need to be conducted to confirm this result. NMR results didn't show any noticeable changes in the structures of casein with all three different treatments. In conclusion, UV-C light treatment can reduce the allergenicity of isolated major milk proteins to some extent. High intensity ultrasound and nonthermal atmospheric plasma treatments failed to generate effective results for reducing allergenicity at the conditions tested in this study. Higher intensity and longer treatment conditions might yield better results with ultrasound treatment. Different power and gas flow rates used to generate plasma with direct exposure of proteins might yield better results towards reducing the allergenicity of major milk allergens.
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Köhler, Christian [Verfasser], Jan-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Rost, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Skupin, and Luc [Akademischer Betreuer] Berge. "Ultrashort Light Sources from High Intensity Laser-Matter Interaction / Christian Köhler. Gutachter: Jan-Michael Rost ; Luc Bergé. Betreuer: Jan-Michael Rost ; Stefan Skupin." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1068443243/34.

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De, Schutter Alice, and Karin Markendahl. "Using blue light reflectance from high-resolution images (6000 dpi) of Scots pine tree rings to reconstruct three centuries of Scottish summer temperatures." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297369.

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Advances in scanner technology have made it possible to obtain high resolution (6000 dpi) images of tree samples. Due to the images’ increased capability of resolving anatomical wood structures, the new technology could be of benefit to dendroclimatology.  This study attempts to expand on Rydval et al.’s (2017) previous 800 years reconstruction of Scottish summer temperatures by assessing whether a higher image resolution of samples has the ability to improve the accuracy of the region’s temperature reconstruction. Two independent blue intensity (BI) chronologies, based on differing image resolutions (6000 dpi and 2400 dpi) of Scots pine samples, were developed and subjected to standard detrending procedures. Raw data from Rydval et al.’s (2017) prior study was used to develop the chronology which was based on the 2400 dpi images. On the other hand, newly acquired data was utilized for the other chronology. In order to resolve the primary question that this paper explores, the characteristics and strength of the two BI chronologies’ climatic signals were compared. In addition, the newly acquired data was used to develop a 318 years reconstruction of mean July/August temperatures for Scotland.  Calibrations against meteorological data indicated that the improved image resolution did not generate a positive effect on the chronology’s ability to retain a reliable climatic signal. The study’s findings were thus inconclusive in showing that a higher image resolution of Scots pine samples improves the accuracy of temperature reconstructions for Scotland. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the applicability of dendroclimatic computer softwares (i.e. CooRecorder) with regard to a high image resolution.  From a broader perspective, this study contributes to setting climate change in a more accurate long term spatiotemporal context. This is crucial in predicting future climate variability, as well as understanding the role and extent of anthropogenic forcing.
Framsteg inom skannerteknik har gjort det möjligt att få bilder av trädprover med hög upplösning (6000 dpi). På grund av bildernas ökade förmåga att lösa anatomiska träd strukturer kan den nya tekniken vara till nytta för dendroklimatologi.  Denna studie strävar mot att utveckla Rydval et al.s (2017) tidigare 800 års rekonstruktion av skotska sommartemperaturer genom att bedöma om en högre bildupplösning av prover har förmågan att förbättra noggrannheten för regionens temperaturrekonstruktion. Två oberoende blåintensitet (BI) -kronologier, baserade på olika bildupplösningar (6000 dpi och 2400 dpi) av skotska träprover, framtogs och utsattes för standardförfaranden. Rådata från Rydval et al.s (2017) tidigare studie användes för att utveckla kronologin som baserades på 2400 dpi-bilderna. Å andra sidan användes nyförvärvade data för den andra kronologin. För att besvara den primära frågan som denna studie undersöker jämfördes egenskaperna och styrkan hos de två BI-kronologins klimat signaler. Dessutom används de nyförvärvade uppgifterna för att utveckla en 318 års rekonstruktion av genomsnittliga juli/augusti temperaturer för Skottland.  Kalibreringar mot meteorologiska data indikerade att den förbättrade bildupplösningen inte genererade en positiv effekt på kronologins förmåga att behålla en pålitlig klimat signal. Studiens resultat var således otvetydiga när de visade att en högre bildupplösning av skotsk tallprover förbättrar noggrannheten i temperatur rekonstruktioner för Skottland. Framtida studier uppmuntras att undersöka användbarheten av dendroklimatiska datorprogram (dvs CooRecorder) med avseende på en ultrahög bildupplösning.  Ur ett bredare perspektiv bidrar denna studie till att placera klimatförändringarna i ett mer exakt långsiktigt rumsligt tidsmässigt sammanhang. Detta är avgörande för att förutsäga framtida klimatvariationer samt förstå rollen och omfattningen av antropogen tvingande.
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Schuster, Maja [Verfasser], Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Bock, Reimo [Akademischer Betreuer] Zoschke, Ralph [Gutachter] Bock, Kristina [Gutachter] Kühn, and Bettina [Gutachter] Bölter. "High resolution decoding of the tobacco chloroplast translatome and its dynamics during light-intensity acclimation / Maja Schuster ; Gutachter: Ralph Bock, Kristina Kühn, Bettina Bölter ; Ralph Bock, Reimo Zoschke." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1237319994/34.

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Sutherland, Julia Robin Miller. "Phase-Matching Optimization of Laser High-Order Harmonics Generated in a Gas Cell." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd880.pdf.

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Книги з теми "High light intensity"

1

Dixon, Michael. A high intensity ultraviolet light source and delivery system for remote sterilization: Final report. [Toronto]: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1996.

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2

Hutchison, Steven J. An analysis of light infantry effectiveness in mid-to-high intensity conflict deliberate attack missions. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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3

Association, National Electrical Manufacturers. American national standard for roadway and area lighting equipment--plug-in type receptacle and plug for high-intensity discharge ignitors. Rosslyn, VA?]: Global Engineering Documents, 2005.

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4

Flesch, Peter G. Light and Light Sources: High-Intensity Discharge Lamps. Springer, 2010.

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Flesch, Peter G. Light and Light Sources: High-Intensity Discharge Lamps. Springer, 2007.

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Light and Light Sources: High-Intensity Discharge Lamps. Springer, 2006.

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Lyng, James, and Gianpiero Pataro. High Intensity Pulsed Light in Processing and Preservation of Foods. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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Saremi, Ahmad Reza. Determination of human visual capabilities in the identification of the color of highway signs under a combination of vehicle headlamp and high intensity discharge light sources. 1990.

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Roy, Kaushik. Indian Army and the First World War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199485659.001.0001.

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Accustomed to conducting low-intensity warfare before 1914, the Indian Army learnt to engage in high-intensity conventional warfare during the course of World War I, thereby exhibiting a steep learning curve. Being the bulwark of the British Empire in South Asia, the ‘brown warriors’ of the Raj functioned as an imperial fire brigade during the war. Studying the Indian Army as an institution during the war, Kaushik Roy delineates its social, cultural, and organizational aspects to understand its role in the scheme of British imperial projects. Focusing not just on ‘history from above’ but also ‘history from below’, Roy analyses the experiences of common soldiers and not just those of the high command. Moreover, since society, along with the army, was mobilized to provide military and non-military support, this volume sheds light on the repercussions of this mass mobilization on the structure of British rule in South Asia. Using rare archival materials, published autobiographies, and diaries, Roy’s work offers a holistic analysis of the military performance of the Indian Army in major theatres during the war.
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Cuartero, Mireia, and Niall D. Ferguson. High-frequency ventilation and oscillation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0098.

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High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a key member of the family of modes called high-frequency ventilation and achieves adequate alveolar ventilation despite using very low tidal volumes, often below the dead space volume, at frequencies significantly above normal physiological values. It has been proposed as a potential protective ventilatory strategy, delivering minimal alveolar tidal stretch, while also providing continuous lung recruitment. HFOV has been successfully used in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units over the last 25 years. Since the late 1990s adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome have been treated using HFOV. In adults, several observational studies have shown improved oxygenation in patients with refractory hypoxaemia when HFOV was used as rescue therapy. Several small older trials had also suggested a mortality benefit with HFOV, but two recent randomized control trials in adults with ARDS have shed new light on this area. These trials not show benefit, and in one of them a suggestion of harm was seen with increased mortality for HFOV compared with protective conventional mechanical ventilation strategies (tidal volume target 6 mL/kg with higher positive end-expiratory pressure). While these findings do not necessarily apply to patients with severe hypoxaemia failing conventional ventilation, they increase uncertainty about the role of HFOV even in these patients.
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Частини книг з теми "High light intensity"

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de Moraes, Jaqueline O., and Carmen I. Moraru. "Chapter 9. High-intensity Pulsed Light Processing." In Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, 355–96. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782626596-00355.

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Petrov, P. "Surface Modification of Aluminium Alloys Using High Intensity Beams." In Advanced Light Alloys and Composites, 501–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9068-6_66.

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El-Aziz, A. M., M. A. El-Hady, and W. Khlifa. "Effect of High Intensity Ultrasonic Treatment on the Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Behaviour of AC7A Aluminum Alloy." In Light Metals 2016, 721–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_121.

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El-Aziz, A. M., M. A. El-Hady, and W. khlifa. "Effect of High Intensity Ultrasonic Treatment on the Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Behaviour of AC7A Aluminum Alloy." In Light Metals 2016, 721–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.ch121.

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Baulina, Olga I. "Ultrastructural Plasticity of Cyanobacteria Under Dark and High Light Intensity Conditions." In Ultrastructural Plasticity of Cyanobacteria, 11–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32781-0_2.

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Wirz-Justice, Anna. "How Daylight Controls the Biological Clock, Organises Sleep, and Enhances Mood and Performance." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 191–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_10.

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AbstractThe human circadian system drives 24-h rhythms in all aspects of biochemistry, physiology and behaviour. This rhythmicity ensures that the right function occurs at the right time, and separates incompatible functions. Rhythmic synchronisation is key to overall health and wellbeing, and light input from the day-night cycle is the primary ‘zeitgeber’ or entraining agent. Coordination of internal clocks promotes positive mood, optimum alertness and performance, and ensures sleep quality essential for learning and memory. Indoor light intensity is rarely sufficient to stabilise daily entrainment, while even an hour outdoors in the morning can significantly enhance cognitive function, academic achievement, and physical condition.
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Bhattacharyya, Samrat. "Rice Tolerance to High Light Intensity and UV Radiation Through Biotechnological Approaches." In Rice Research for Quality Improvement: Genomics and Genetic Engineering, 481–523. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4120-9_21.

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Takahashi, Nobuaki, Hiroki Yokosuka, Kiyoyuki Inamoto, and Satoshi Tanaka. "High Precision Operation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor With Intensity-Modulated Light Source." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 169–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_83.

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Nakamura, K., H. Ogura, and T. Sugimoto. "Direct Visualization of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasonic Field Using Light-Emitting Diodes and Piezoelectric Elements." In Acoustical Imaging, 309–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8823-0_43.

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Lee, James W., Laurens Mets, and Elias Greenbaum. "Improvement of Photosynthetic CO2 Fixation at High Light Intensity Through Reduction of Chlorophyll Antenna Size." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 37–48. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0119-9_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "High light intensity"

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Pechen, Alexander. "Incoherent Light As a Control Resource." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2012.jt2a.23.

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Lureau, François, GhuillaumeMatras, Olivier Chalus, Christophe Derycke, Christophe Radier, Olivier Casagrande, Sandrine Ricaud, and Christophe Simon Boisson. "10 PetaWatt Laser System for Extreme Light Physics." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2020.hth2b.3.

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Allegre, Olivier J. "Tailored Light for Laser Material Processing: Example Applications." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2018.ht3a.4.

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Gouliemakis, Eleftherios. "Attosecond Physics with Sub-optical-cycle Waveforms of Light." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2012.hw1c.2.

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Barty, Christopher P. "Laser Compton Light Sources: From Atomic to Nuclear Photonics." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2011.htha1.

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Sato, Shunichi, Yuichi Kozawa, and Takahiro Nakamura. "Generation of White-Light Supercontinuum with Axially Symmetric Polarization." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2011.hwc10.

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Mok, Joe T., C. Martijn de Sterke, Ian C. M. Littler, and Benjamin J. Eggleton. "Slow, high-intensity light in fibre Bragg gratings." In Slow and Fast Light. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sl.2006.md3.

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Drescher, Markus. "XUV-driven Electronic Correlation Probed with Strong THz Light Fields." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2012.hm2c.5.

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Weller, Lee. "Atom-light Interactions at High Densities and High Magnetic Fields." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2012.jt2a.12.

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Sivis, Murat, and Claus Ropers. "Plasmon-enhanced extreme-ultraviolet light generation: Challenges and future perspectives." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2014.hw5c.4.

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Звіти організацій з теми "High light intensity"

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Huggins, Charles R. The Light Infantry in High-Intensity Combat Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada217356.

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Milchberg. Nonperturbative Nonlinear Optics in a Light Pipe for High Intensity Laser Pulses. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382281.

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Prost, L. R. Selected List of Low Energy Beam Transport Facilities for Light-Ion, High-Intensity Accelerators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1250871.

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Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.

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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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Eneroth, Hanna, Hanna Karlsson Potter, and Elin Röös. Environmental impact of coffee, tea and cocoa – data collection for a consumer guide for plant-based foods. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2n3m2d2pjl.

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In 2020, WWF launched a consumer guide on plant-based products targeting Swedish consumers. The development of the guide is described in a journal paper (Karlsson Potter & Röös, 2021) and the environmental impact of different plant based foods was published in a report (Karlsson Potter, Lundmark, & Röös, 2020). This report was prepared for WWF Sweden to provide scientific background information for complementing the consumer guide with information on coffee, tea and cocoa. This report includes quantitative estimations for several environmental categories (climate, land use, biodiversity and water use) of coffee (per L), tea (per L) and cocoa powder (per kg), building on the previously established methodology for the consumer guide. In addition, scenarios of consumption of coffee, tea and cocoa drink with milk/plant-based drinks and waste at household level, are presented. Tea, coffee and cacao beans have a lot in common. They are tropical perennial crops traditionally grown in the shade among other species, i.e. in agroforestry systems. Today, the production in intensive monocultures has negative impact on biodiversity. Re-introducing agroforestry practices may be part of the solution to improve biodiversity in these landscapes. Climate change will likely, due to changes in temperature, extreme weather events and increases in pests and disease, alter the areas where these crops can be grown in the future. A relatively high ratio of the global land used for coffee, tea and cocoa is certified according to sustainability standards, compared to other crops. Although research on the implications of voluntary standards on different outcomes is inconclusive, the literature supports that certifications have a role in incentivizing more sustainable farming. Coffee, tea and cocoa all contain caffeine and have a high content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, and they have all been associated with positive health outcomes. While there is a strong coffee culture in Sweden and coffee contributes substantially to the environmental impact of our diet, tea is a less consumed beverage. Cocoa powder is consumed as a beverage, but substantial amounts of our cocoa consumption is in the form of chocolate. Roasted ground coffee on the Swedish market had a climate impact of 4.0 kg CO2e per kg powder, while the climate impact of instant coffee powder was 11.5 kg CO2e per kg. Per litre, including the energy use for making the coffee, the total climate impact was estimated to 0.25 kg CO2e per L brewed coffee and 0.16 kg CO2e per L for instant coffee. Less green coffee beans are needed to produce the same amount of ready to drink coffee from instant coffee than from brewed coffee. Tea had a climate impact of approximately 6.3 kg CO2 e per kg dry leaves corresponding to an impact of 0.064 CO2e per L ready to drink tea. In the assessment of climate impact per cup, tea had the lowest impact with 0.013 kg CO2e, followed by black instant coffee (0.024 kg CO2e), black coffee (0.038 kg CO2e), and cocoa drink made with milk (0.33 kg CO2e). The climate impact of 1kg cocoa powder on the Swedish market was estimated to 2.8 kg CO2e. Adding milk to coffee or tea increases the climate impact substantially. The literature describes a high proportion of the total climate impact of coffee from the consumer stage due to the electricity used by the coffee machine. However, with the Nordic low-carbon energy mix, the brewing and heating of water and milk contributes to only a minor part of the climate impact of coffee. As in previous research, coffee also had a higher land use, water use and biodiversity impact than tea per L beverage. Another factor of interest at the consumer stage is the waste of prepared coffee. Waste of prepared coffee contributes to climate impact through the additional production costs and electricity for preparation, even though the latter was small in our calculations. The waste of coffee and tea at Summary household level is extensive and measures to reduce the amount of wasted coffee and tea could reduce the environmental impact of Swedish hot drink consumption. For the final evaluation of coffee and tea for the consumer guide, the boundary for the fruit and vegetable group was used. The functional unit for coffee and tea was 1 L prepared beverage without any added milk or sweetener. In the guide, the final evaluation of conventionally grown coffee is that it is ‘yellow’ (‘Consume sometimes’), and for organic produce, ‘light green’ (‘Please consume). The evaluation of conventionally grown tea is that it is ‘light green’, and for organic produce, ‘dark green’ (‘Preferably consume this’). For cocoa, the functional unit is 1 kg of cocoa powder and the boundary was taken from the protein group. The final evaluation of conventionally grown cocoa is that it is ‘orange’ (‘Be careful’), and for organically produced cocoa, ‘light green’.
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Splitter, Gary, and Menachem Banai. Microarray Analysis of Brucella melitensis Pathogenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709884.bard.

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Original Objectives 1. To determine the Brucella genes that lead to chronic macrophage infection. 2. To identify Brucella genes that contribute to infection. 3. To confirm the importance of Brucella genes in macrophages and placental cells by mutational analysis. Background Brucella spp. is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that infects ruminants causing abortion or birth of severely debilitated animals. Brucellosis continues in Israel, caused by B. melitensis despite an intensive eradication campaign. Problems with the Rev1 vaccine emphasize the need for a greater understanding of Brucella pathogenesis that could improve vaccine designs. Virulent Brucella has developed a successful strategy for survival in its host and transmission to other hosts. To invade the host, virulent Brucella establishes an intracellular niche within macrophages avoiding macrophage killing, ensuring its long-term survival. Then, to exit the host, Brucella uses placenta where it replicates to high numbers resulting in abortion. Also, Brucella traffics to the mammary gland where it is secreted in milk. Missing from our understanding of brucellosis is the surprisingly lillie basic information detailing the mechanisms that permit bacterial persistence in infected macrophages (chronic infection) and dissemination to other animals from infected placental cells and milk (acute infection). Microarray analysis is a powerful approach to determine global gene expression in bacteria. The close genomic similarities of Brucella species and our recent comparative genomic studies of Brucella species using our B. melitensis microarray, suqqests that the data obtained from studying B. melitensis 16M would enable understanding the pathogenicity of other Brucella organisms, particularly the diverse B. melitensis variants that confound Brucella eradication in Israel. Conclusions Results from our BARD studies have identified previously unknown mechanisms of Brucella melitensis pathogenesis- i.e., response to blue light, quorum sensing, second messenger signaling by cyclic di-GMP, the importance of genomic island 2 for lipopolysaccharide in the outer bacterial membrane, and the role of a TIR domain containing protein that mimics a host intracellular signaling molecule. Each one of these pathogenic mechanisms offers major steps in our understanding of Brucella pathogenesis. Strikingly, our molecular results have correlated well to the pathognomonic profile of the disease. We have shown that infected cattle do not elicit antibodies to the organisms at the onset of infection, in correlation to the stealth pathogenesis shown by a molecular approach. Moreover, our field studies have shown that Brucella exploit this time frame to transmit in nature by synchronizing their life cycle to the gestation cycle of their host succumbing to abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy that spreads massive numbers of organisms in the environment. Knowing the bacterial mechanisms that contribute to the virulence of Brucella in its host has initiated the agricultural opportunities for developing new vaccines and diagnostic assays as well as improving control and eradication campaigns based on herd management and linking diagnosis to the pregnancy status of the animals. Scientific and Agricultural Implications Our BARD funded studies have revealed important Brucella virulence mechanisms of pathogenesis. Our publication in Science has identified a highly novel concept where Brucella utilizes blue light to increase its virulence similar to some plant bacterial pathogens. Further, our studies have revealed bacterial second messengers that regulate virulence, quorum sensing mechanisms permitting bacteria to evaluate their environment, and a genomic island that controls synthesis of its lipopolysaccharide surface. Discussions are ongoing with a vaccine company for application of this genomic island knowledge in a Brucella vaccine by the U.S. lab. Also, our new technology of bioengineering bioluminescent Brucella has resulted in a spin-off application for diagnosis of Brucella infected animals by the Israeli lab by prioritizing bacterial diagnosis over serological diagnosis.
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Tao, Yang, Amos Mizrach, Victor Alchanatis, Nachshon Shamir, and Tom Porter. Automated imaging broiler chicksexing for gender-specific and efficient production. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594391.bard.

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Extending the previous two years of research results (Mizarch, et al, 2012, Tao, 2011, 2012), the third year’s efforts in both Maryland and Israel were directed towards the engineering of the system. The activities included the robust chick handling and its conveyor system development, optical system improvement, online dynamic motion imaging of chicks, multi-image sequence optimal feather extraction and detection, and pattern recognition. Mechanical System Engineering The third model of the mechanical chick handling system with high-speed imaging system was built as shown in Fig. 1. This system has the improved chick holding cups and motion mechanisms that enable chicks to open wings through the view section. The mechanical system has achieved the speed of 4 chicks per second which exceeds the design specs of 3 chicks per second. In the center of the conveyor, a high-speed camera with UV sensitive optical system, shown in Fig.2, was installed that captures chick images at multiple frames (45 images and system selectable) when the chick passing through the view area. Through intensive discussions and efforts, the PIs of Maryland and ARO have created the protocol of joint hardware and software that uses sequential images of chick in its fall motion to capture opening wings and extract the optimal opening positions. This approached enables the reliable feather feature extraction in dynamic motion and pattern recognition. Improving of Chick Wing Deployment The mechanical system for chick conveying and especially the section that cause chicks to deploy their wings wide open under the fast video camera and the UV light was investigated along the third study year. As a natural behavior, chicks tend to deploy their wings as a mean of balancing their body when a sudden change in the vertical movement was applied. In the latest two years, this was achieved by causing the chicks to move in a free fall, in the earth gravity (g) along short vertical distance. The chicks have always tended to deploy their wing but not always in wide horizontal open situation. Such position is requested in order to get successful image under the video camera. Besides, the cells with checks bumped suddenly at the end of the free falling path. That caused the chicks legs to collapse inside the cells and the image of wing become bluer. For improving the movement and preventing the chick legs from collapsing, a slowing down mechanism was design and tested. This was done by installing of plastic block, that was printed in a predesign variable slope (Fig. 3) at the end of the path of falling cells (Fig.4). The cells are moving down in variable velocity according the block slope and achieve zero velocity at the end of the path. The slop was design in a way that the deacceleration become 0.8g instead the free fall gravity (g) without presence of the block. The tests showed better deployment and wider chick's wing opening as well as better balance along the movement. Design of additional sizes of block slops is under investigation. Slops that create accelerations of 0.7g, 0.9g, and variable accelerations are designed for improving movement path and images.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.

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Анотація:
Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.
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9

SHAKING TABLE TEST OF NEW LIGHT STEEL STRUCTURE SYSTEM. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.342.

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The low-rise cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings have good seismic performance, and their lateral force resistance is generally provided by the pull-out parts, the wall skeleton support system, and the skin effect between the wall skeleton and the wall. However, the current cold-formed thin-walled steel residential system is difficult to meet the seismic requirements of multi-storey cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings in high intensity areas. In this paper, the thin steel brace and light steel skeleton are combined to form a wall skeleton with a new support system with "truss structure" at the top and bottom of the skeleton. A full-scale shaking table test model is designed and made, and its structural dynamic characteristics and dynamic response are studied by shaking table test. The results show that the horizontal steel strap and inclined steel strap are used to form a "flat" structure with steel columns and guide beams, and the triangular element on the "flat" structure is used to restrict the displacement of the local area at the top and bottom of the wall skeleton and improve the stiffness of the area. T1 model performs better than T2 model, and has better seismic application potential for developing multi-storey cold-formed thin-walled steel residential buildings, which can meet the engineering needs.
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