Статті в журналах: "High iron content"

1

GOTO, Fumiyuki, and Toshihiro YOSHIHARA. "Molecular breeding of high iron content crops." Plant Biotechnology 17, Supplement (2000): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.17.supplement_2.

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2

Khorunzha, T., V. Pasichnyi, A. Marynin, R. Svyatnenko, and O. Moroz. "Pasteurized sausages with high heme iron content." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (April 23, 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9108.

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Current issue of today is the process of increasing the range of sausages and extending their storage time, especially for a boiled group of sausages. Therefore, the subject of research is pasteurized sausage, with an increased content of heme iron. The aim of the work was to create a complete product with high organoleptic characteristics, balanced according to biological and nutritional value and to select optimal thermal regimes to increase the shelf life of the product and to preserve the nutritional properties of the product, since cooked sausages have a limited shelf life, and due to properly selected heat regimes, we reach our goals. The receipts of sausages, based on meat of chicken-broiler using dry milk serum, collagen-containing preparation Scan-Pro, based on skin of pigs and micronized food cellulose with a definite level of hydration, a fat-based emulsion on the basis of chicken skins and a collagen-containing preparation Scan Pro and food blood. To increase the content of heme iron towards boiled sausages, food blood of pigs was added, in addition to increasing the nutritional and biological value of blood has a colorforming effect, with its introduction in an optimal amount, to achieve a characteristic color of sausage products. Sauce with the use of jelly-forming thickeners based on food hydrocolloids was added as a sauce. The value of the buffer capacity of the jelly after pasteurization was investigated. The basis for the production of pasteurized sausages was the technology of boiled sausages followed by heat treatment by pasteurization in order to provide an extended shelf life. Sausages were pasteurized at different temperature regimes. To determine the biological value of developed sausages, it was used the application program BIO1.bas. The chemical composition of sausages was modeled based on their functional and technological parameters. Physico-chemical, microbiological, organoleptic research of the product was carried out. The amino acid composition of the product was simulated, which allowed to mention upon the biological and nutritional value of the studied formulations.

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3

Li, Guo Ping, Li Bo Guo, Li Hui Sun, Feng Hua Luo, Jiao Du, and Zeng Lin Liu. "Analysis of the Influence Factors on High Compressibility Water Atomized Iron Powder." Materials Science Forum 859 (May 2016): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.859.118.

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In this paper, the influence factors on high compressibility water atomized iron powder LAP100.29 were studied such as the processing parameters, the proportion of coarse particles, powder oxygen content and impurity. The results showed that, by increasing the purity of molten steel and improving atomization temperature, the iron content of water atomized iron powder particles reached more than 99.67 %, the oxygen content was less than 0.08 %, acid insoluble was less than 0.08 %, green density reached 7.21~7.22 g/cm3. The contents of +80 and -80～+100 mesh powder were 1.6 % and 7.5 %, respectively. The compressibility could be improved by the increase of the coarse particles and the reduction of the fine particles (for example, lowering the content of -325 mesh particles). Generally speaking, the compressibility of the water atomized iron powder can be improved fundamentally by reducing oxygen content, impurity content and the reasonable distribution of particle size.

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4

MURATA, Kazuhisa, Hirobumi USHIJIMA, and Kunio UCHIDA. "Simple Preparation of Carbon-coated Iron Particles Having High Iron Content." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 41, no. 2 (1998): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.41.168.

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5

Loginova, Irina V., and Aleksei V. Kyrchikov. "Complete Processing of the High-Iron Content Red Mud." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.569.

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When bauxites from the Middle Timan and Severouralsk deposits are processed into alumina by the low-temperature sintered process the high-iron content red mud can be obtained. The red mud contain up to 58 % of iron and are a potential raw material for ferrous metallurgy. Rare earth elements (REEs) such as Sc, Y and La are converted from bauxites to red mud in the form of hydroxides during processing and are easily leached by weak acid solutions. In this work, the red mud is treated with a solution of sulfuric acid (pH = 2.5–5), the REEs pass into solution, and then the solution is neutralized to obtain a precipitate, i.e. a concentrate of rare elements. The recovery of REEs is about 75–90 % (Sc, Y, La). The high-iron content red mud is converted to the naturally-doped cast iron and titanium slag (up to 50 wt.% TiO2). As a result of processing bauxite, alumina (Al2O3), the naturally-doped cast iron, concentrate of REEs (Sc, Y, La, etc.) and titanium slag (TiO2) are obtained. The flowsheet of the proposed complete processing of the high-iron content red mud is given.

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6

Florea, C., C. Bejinariu, I. Carcea, N. Cimpoesu, D. L. Chicet, and C. Savin. "Obtaining of High Cr Content Cast Iron Materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 209 (June 2017): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/209/1/012046.

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7

Mastral, A. M., C. Mayoral, M. T. Izquierdo, and C. Pardos. "Iron catalyzed hydrogenation of high sulphur content coals." Fuel Processing Technology 36, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(93)90025-y.

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8

Darvishi, Alireza, Ali Maleki, Mehdi Mazar Atabaki, and Mohammad Zargami. "The mutual effect of iron and manganese on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium –silicon alloy." Metalurgija-Journal of Metallurgy 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/383.

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The effect of iron and manganese concentration on the morphology of complex intermetallics and their influence on the mechanical properties and microstructure has been studied in an Al-16.67 wt. % Si alloy with three content of iron (0.4, 1.2, 1.8 wt.%), and two different content of manganese, i.e. 0.6 and 0.9 wt.%. The intermetallic compounds are formed at high iron contents or at high concentrations of manganese with low iron. The microstructural investigation by Clemex software showed that the biggest intermetallic size reached the surface area of 12750 μm2, when the amount of iron was increased from 1.2% to 1.8% wt.%. It was also showed that the volume fraction of intermetallic compounds increases as the iron and manganese content increases. Formation of complex intermetallic phases with iron adversely affects tensile strength decreasing from 229MPa with 0.4 wt.% of iron to 187MPa when iron content was increased to 1.8 wt.%.

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9

GOTO, F., and T. YOSHIHARA. "Improvement of Micronutrient Contents by Genetic Engineering. Development of High Iron Content Crops." Plant Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (2001): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.7.

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10

Pereira, Gustavo Eduardo, Letícia Sequinatto, Jaime Antonio de Almeida, Alexandre Ten Caten, and Josie Moraes Mota. "VIS-NIR spectral reflectance for discretization of soils with high sand content." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p99.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial distribution and relationships between the physicochemical attributes and radiometry of soils with high sand contents. One hundred surface horizon samples were collected for physicochemical and spectral analyses of the soil. The samples were selected spatially by the conditioned Latin hypercube method. The physicochemical analyses consisted of granulometry, organic carbon content, and iron oxides content, extracted using sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB). The spectral response of the soils was analyzed in the 400 to 1000 nm range. The spectral curves were obtained from the samples of the surface horizons, which were categorized according to the attribute in question. The relationship between the soil physicochemical attributes and soil radiometry was evaluated through a Pearson's correlation. There was a tendency for the organic carbon content to decrease with an increase in soil depth, associated with the presence of soils with higher sand contents. For soils with iron contents lower than 80 g kg-1, there was an increase in the reflectance along the spectrum, whereas for soils with contents between 80 and 160 g kg-1, the reflectance decreased after 600 nm, with greater variation along the spectrum for soils with iron contents higher than 120 g kg-1. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy could potentially allow for granulometric distinction between the soils evaluated.

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11

Held, Melissa R., Richard D. Bungiro, Lisa M. Harrison, Iqbal Hamza, and Michael Cappello. "Dietary Iron Content Mediates Hookworm Pathogenesis In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 1 (January 2006): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.1.289-295.2006.

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ABSTRACT Hookworm infection is associated with growth delay and iron deficiency anemia in developing countries. A series of experiments were designed in order to test the hypothesis that host dietary iron restriction mediates susceptibility to hookworm infection using the hamster model of Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Animals were maintained on diets containing either 10 ppm iron (iron restricted) or 200 ppm iron (standard/high iron), followed by infection with A. ceylanicum third-stage larvae. Infected animals fed the standard diet exhibited statistically significant growth delay and reduced blood hemoglobin levels compared to uninfected controls on day 20 postinfection. In contrast, no statistically significant differences in weight or hemoglobin concentration were observed between infected and uninfected animals fed the iron-restricted diet. Moreover, iron-restricted animals were observed to have reduced intestinal worm burdens on day 10 and day 20 postinfection compared to those of animals maintained on the standard/high-iron diet. In a subsequent study, animals equilibrated on diets containing a range of iron levels (10 ppm, 40 ppm, 100 ppm, or 200 ppm) were infected with A. ceylanicum and followed for evidence of hookworm disease. Infected animals from the intermediate-dietary iron (40- and 100-ppm) groups exhibited greater weight loss and anemia than those in the low (10-ppm)- or high (200-ppm)-iron diet groups. Mortality was also significantly higher in the intermediate-dietary-iron groups. These data suggest that severe dietary iron restriction impairs hookworm development in vivo but that moderate iron restriction enhances host susceptibility to severe disease.

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12

C. Dias-Barbosa, Cristina Z. de Morais, Diego S. V. de Oliveira, Kaesel J. D. de Oliveira, Regilda S. dos Reis Moreira Araújo, and Maurisrael de Moura Rocha. "Selection of Cowpea Elite Lines for Iron and Zinc Biofortification." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200503031253.

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Background: Cowpea is a very popular crop in Brazil, rich in nutrients that can be used as food to feed the population, avoiding deficiencies caused by the lack of minerals such as iron and zinc. Objective: To select elite cowpea lines for biofortification of iron and zinc and determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the lines. We analyzed: 33 cowpea genotypes, being 31 elite genotypes and two biofortified cultivars (control). Method: The 10 best lines with iron and zinc contents were selected and, together with the controls, were analyzed for chemical composition (moisture, ash, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates), total energy value and cooking time. Results: The iron and zinc contents in semi-prostrate genotypes were higher than those in semi-erect genotypes, all the semi-prostrate lines presented a high iron content, and 19.25% presented a high zinc content. The genotypes of the semi-erect lines exhibited more significant genetic variability for iron content, whereas those of the semi-prostrate genotypes showed more significant genetic variation for zinc content, both exhibited a high genetic component in phenotypic expression. Improving the genotypes for increased protein content led to reductions in lipid and carbohydrate contents, as well as the total energy value, whereas increasing the carbohydrate content increased both the total energy value and the zinc content. The MNC04-792F-146 lines presented alleles that favored an increase in carbohydrate content and total energy, while the MNC04-769F-26, MNC04-769F-31, and MNC04-774F-90 lines were shown to be good sources of genes for increasing protein content, decreasing lipid content, and rapid cooking. Conclusion: The MNC04-762F-9, MNC04-792F-146, and MNC04-769F-55 lines exhibited the greatest potential to be released as iron and zinc biofortified cultivars.

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13

Schonewille, J. Th, S. Yu, and A. C. Beynen. "High iron intake depresses hepatic copper content in goats." Veterinary Quarterly 17, no. 1 (March 1995): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1995.9694523.

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14

Garzón, Benjamín, Rouslan Sitnikov, Lars Bäckman, and Grégoria Kalpouzos. "Automated segmentation of midbrain structures with high iron content." NeuroImage 170 (April 2018): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.016.

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15

Romero-Perez, Maximina, Jesús Ma Rincón, Carlos J. R. González Oliver, Claudio D’Ovidio, and Daniel Esparza. "Magnetic properties of glasses with high iron oxide content." Materials Research Bulletin 36, no. 7-8 (May 2001): 1513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(01)00630-4.

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16

Liu, Feng-juan, Tao Zhang, Shu-jie Pang, and Ke-fu Yao. "Ductile Fe-based amorphous alloys with high iron content." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 17, no. 2 (April 2010): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-010-0213-z.

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17

Silva, Camila Andrade, Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu, Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho, and Angelita Duarte Corrêa. "Interaction genotype by season and its influence on the identification of beans with high content of zinc and iron." Bragantia 71, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052012005000037.

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The mineral contents in common bean seeds are influenced, in addition to genetic variation, by environmental crop conditions, especially by the soil type and chemical composition and by the genotype x environment interaction. This study was carried out to verify if the zinc and iron contents are affected by the crop growing period. Ten lines with high iron and zinc contents and ten with low contents were assessed in three seasons: "wet season" of 2009/2010 (sowing in November); "dry season" of 2010 (sowing in February) and "winter season" of 2010 (sowing in July), in Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three replications and plots consisting of two rows of two meters, with a spacing of 0.50 m. The seeds harvested were assessed in regard to iron and zinc mineral contents. The greatest contents were observed in the winter season and the smallest ones in the dry season, with sowing in February. It was observed that in the mean of the three harvests, the lines classified as having high iron and zinc content exhibited an iron quantity 11.0% and a zinc quantity 6.8% above those of low content. The lines by seasons interaction occurs. However, its interference in identification of the groups with high and low content of the two nutrients is not great.

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18

Legemza, Jaroslav, Róbert Findorák, Dana Baricová, Branislav Buľko, Peter Demeter, Slavomír Hubatka, and Kostyantyn Karamanits. "Rudomain Iron Ore Treatment by High-Temperature Reduction." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2023): 10698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910698.

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The purpose of this study was to conduct experiments comprising the high-temperature reduction treatment of commercially produced iron ore fines and lumps aimed at increasing the use value of the ore. The analysed ore was Ukrainian iron ore sold under the Rudomain commercial name, mined from a bed located in the southern part of the Saksagan region (Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine). The study describes in detail the basic physical, chemical, and physico-chemical properties of the analysed ore, and it comprised a thermodynamic analysis, which is typically used as the basis for defining reduction conditions. The Ukrainian ore—Rudomain—exhibited a lower total Fe content (58.20 wt%) and, by contrast, the highest SiO2 content (13.40 wt%), whereas SiO2 is present in this type of ore not only in form of silica (SiO2) but also in form of hydrated iron silicate (Fe3Si2O5(OH)4), i.e., the form of iron that is the most difficult to reduce. In the study, tests of thermal stability and thermal shock stability were carried out in various conditions, while the hardened pellets were thermally stable up to temperatures of 950 °C. The results of the performed experiments in high-temperature reduction of Rudomain iron ore were then compared with the results obtained with two other types of iron ores, in particular Krivbas and Carajas. Krivbas and Carajas ores show higher degrees of reduction and degrees of metallization than Rudomain ore. High-temperature experiments in thermal stability and carbothermic reduction have brought favourable information that is useful for the treatment of lower-grade ores with higher contents of SiO2, while Rudomain iron ore exhibited a rather good potential for effective metallisation.

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19

Liu, F. J., K. F. Yao, and H. Y. Ding. "Fe-based glassy alloys with high iron content and high saturation magnetization." Intermetallics 19, no. 11 (November 2011): 1674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.07.011.

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20

Li, Guo Hua, Shu Jiang Chen, and Lin Tian. "Study on MgO-MgO•Al₂O₃ Bricks Used Burned Zone of Cement Rotary Kiln." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3255.

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The effects of iron scales and high iron magnesite as well as the content on microstructure and properties of MgO-MgO·Al2O3 bricks used burned zone of large cement rotary kilns have been studied. It focuses on testing coating adherence in this paper. The results show that apparent porosity of adding iron scales sample is higher than the sample by adding high iron magnesite, which is increased with increasing of iron scales content; Compression strength is decreased with increasing of iron scales content, The high iron magnesia cause the irregular change of the compression strength, compression strength was maximum when high iron magnesite content of additive was 6%; Coating adherence was optimum adding 3% high iron magnesite, adding 3% iron scales is followed, any other is bad. Over all, the sample adding 3% high iron magnesite is more suitable for large dry method cement kiln burned zone．

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21

Middleton, Maureen, Manuel Olivares, Alejandra Espinoza, Miguel Arredondo, Fernando Pizarro, and Carolina Valenzuela. "Exploratory Study: Excessive Iron Supplementation Reduces Zinc Content in Pork without Affecting Iron and Copper." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030776.

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The aim of this work was to determine in an exploratory manner the effect of excessive iron supplementation on iron, zinc, and copper contents in pork and pork offal. Pigs averaging 50 days in age and 15 ± 1.3 kg body weight were allocated to a control group (500 ppm dietary Fe) and a supplemental group (3000 ppm dietary Fe). After an iron supplementation period of 60 days, blood samples were analyzed to determine iron biomarkers, serum copper, and zinc contents. Animals were slaughtered to assess total iron, non-heme iron, heme iron, zinc, and copper contents in samples of nine meat cuts and some offal. Iron supplementation improved the iron status in pigs with increased hemoglobin and hematocrit, but did not affect serum levels of iron, zinc, and copper. Iron supplementation did not affect the heme and non-heme iron contents of the different meat cuts. Zinc contents decreased by 32–55% in meat cuts, where iron content increased in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas. No differences of zinc and copper were observed in offal samples. High concentrations of iron supplementation reduce zinc content in pork.

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22

Mežibrický, Roland, Tamás Csanádi, Gerlinde Habler, Mária Fröhlichová, Ján Dusza, and Rainer Abart. "Synthesis and Mechanical Testing of Calcium Aluminosilicoferrite Crystals with High Alumina Content." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2019): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080906.

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Due to the gradual shift to less rich iron ores, the alumina content in the raw materials used for iron-making is progressively increasing, affecting the mineralogy and the properties of iron ore sinters. In this context, the effect of Al content on the mechanical properties of calcium aluminosilicoferrites Ca2(Ca,Mg,Fe)6(Fe,Si,Al)6O20 (SFCA), which is the most important bonding phase in iron ore sinters, is of particular interest. In this study, high-alumina calcium aluminosilicoferrites were synthesized and their mechanical properties were determined by nanoindentation using a cube-corner indenter. For synthesis, different raw materials were taken as proxies for the adhering layer in a sinter granule. Three mixtures were prepared, high-iron, high-silica, and high-alumina and heated in an alumina crucible, which was used to simulate the high-alumina nucleus in a granule. The different raw materials used for synthesis had only minor influence on the compositions of the synthesized ferrites. All ferrites showed similar mechanical behavior during indentation, indicating that neither the chemical nor the mechanical properties were affected by the different compositions of the adhering layer, when the sinter granule is dominated by a high-alumina nucleus. The crystallographic orientation of the tested grains had only minor influence on the results of the nanoindentation experiments.

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23

Corhay, JL, G. Weber, T. Bury, S. Mariz, I. Roelandts, and MF Radermecker. "Iron content in human alveolar macrophages." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05070804.

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Intracellular iron can be estimated semi-quantitatively by histochemical determination using the ferrocyanide reagent's score. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) allows accurate determination of various elements including iron in cells and biological fluids. Both techniques have been used to measure iron in alveolar macrophages gathered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of the PIXE technique in occupational respiratory medicine and in various pulmonary diseases. Using the PIXE method, we measured the iron content of alveolar macrophages in healthy subjects, with and without occupational exposure to iron dust, and in patients with pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, Goodpasture's syndrome). Our results were then compared with those obtained with the ferrocyanide reagent. Intramacrophagic iron was 0.33 +/- 0.21 micrograms.10(-6) (mean +/- SD) cells in healthy non-smoking subjects without occupational exposure. Intramacrophagic iron was increased in smokers, iron-steelworkers, and in patients with COPD or lung cancer even in the absence of pulmonary haemorrhage. The two patients with Goodpasture's syndrome had high intramacrophagic iron content. About 80% of the whole bronchoalveolar lavage fluid iron content was in the cells. Mean iron content of blood monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils of eight healthy subjects was significantly lower than that of alveolar macrophages. A significant correlation was found between iron determination by the PIXE method and the ferrocyanide reagent's score (r = 0.89). We conclude that intramacrophagic iron may be increased in steelworkers and subjects with pulmonary haemorrhage, but also in asymptomatic smokers, in COPD and lung cancer patients without occupational exposure to iron dust.

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24

Lv, Meng Yang, Shu Ming Wen, Yong Jun Xian, Jian Liu, and Yi Jie Wang. "Efficiently Produce Iron Concentrate from High-Purity Pyrite." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.500.

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The study attempts to produce iron concentrate from a high-purity pyrite concentrate using oxidizing roasting at industry scale. The effect of key parameters, i.e., roasting temperature, excess air coefficient and roasting intensity on the Fe and S content in the pyrite cinder was fully investigated. The results indicate that the roasting temperature plays a key role in decrease the S content in the pyrite cinder; an increase in the roasting temperature from 800°C to 950°C decreased the S content in the pyrite cinder remarkably from 0.43% to 0.18%. The optimum conditions for produce a high quality iron concentrate from the high-purity pyrite concentrate were identified as roasting temperature around 900 ~ 950°C, excess air coefficient at 1.20 and roasting intensity at 4.36 ~ 5.61 t / m2•day. Under such a condition, high-quality iron concentrate containing 65.11% Fe and 0.21% S was achieved from the pyrite concentrate.

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25

Yang, Xiaohong, and Fengying Wang. "Effects of Iron on the Occurrence Form and Release of Phosphorus in The Yellow River Sediments." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v4i2.3894.

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There is a close relationship between Fe and P in the sediments of the Yellow River, and iron has a great influence on the occurrence form of phosphorus, except that the content of exchangeable iron increases, and the content of Pex and PAl decreases, showing a negative correlation; Water soluble iron and residual iron have a significant positive relationship with ΣP, water soluble iron and Porg, residual iron and Paut, PDe, and the correlation coefficient is high, indicating that the contents of Pex, PAl, Porg, Paut, PDe, and ΣP in the Yellow River sediments are controlled by iron forms.

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26

Kawigraha, Adji, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Sri Harjanto, and Pramusanto. "Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydroxyl Content." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.682.

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Iron ore with high hydroxyl content such as goethit is widely spread in Indonesia. Such iron ore is not used as feed in ironmaking industry. However due to limitation of primary iron ore reserve such material is an option to substitute the conventional iron ore. Unfortunately the characteristic of iron ore with high hydroxyl content is totally different to conventional iron ore. Such iron ore contains hydroxyl part that can be released at high temperature. This research uses composite pellet which is mixture of iron ore and coal. The iron ore contains goethite which is one of iron phase. The composition of two materials is fixed 1 to 3 molar for iron total to fixed carbon. The mixture is formed a pelet before dried. The small part of dry pellet is analysed using STA with 0.6667 °K/s. The reduction is characterised based on thermogravimetry graphs. The research found that the reduction of iron ore occurs in some stages. First stage correspond to dehydroxylation at around 300 °C and second stage corresponds to reduction of iron ore at around 625 °C and 825 °C or 880 °C. The composite lost of 4.64 % and 2.85 % of weight. The hydroxylation is followed by reduction. Hydroxylation transforms goethite to hematite with lost of water. While the reduction transforms hematite to magnetite and magnetite to Fe.

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27

Liang, Xiaoqi, Yingmei Li, Anqi Yao, Wanda Liu, Tianyu Yang, Mengfei Zhao, Bingxiu Zhang, and Deguo Han. "Overexpression of MxbHLH18 Increased Iron and High Salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148007.

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In the life cycle of apple, it will suffer a variety of abiotic stresses, such as iron stress and salt stress. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) play an indispensable role in the response of plants to stress. In this study, a new bHLH gene named MxbHLH18 was separated from Malus xiaojinensis. According to the results of subcellular localization, MxbHLH18 was localized in the nucleus. Salt stress and iron stress affected the expression of MxbHLH18 in Malus xiaojinensis seedlings to a large extent. Due to the introduction of MxbHLH18, the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to salt, high iron and low iron was significantly enhanced. Under the environmental conditions of high iron and low iron, the overexpression of MxbHLH18 increased many physiological indexes of transgenic Arabidopsis compared to wild type (WT), such as root length, fresh weight and iron content. The high level expression of MxbHLH18 in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana can not only increased the content of chlorophyll and proline, as well as increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); it also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), which was more obvious under high salt conditions. In addition, the relative conductivity, H2O2 content and O2− content in transgenic Arabidopsis decreased under salt stress. Meanwhile, MxbHLH18 can also regulate the expression of downstream genes associated with salt stress (AtCBF1/2/3, AtKIN1 and AtCOR15a/b) and iron stress (AtIRT1, AtFRO2, AtNAS2, ATACT2, AtZIF1 and AtOPT3). Therefore, MxbHLH18 can actively promote the adaptability of plants to the growth environment of salt and low and/or iron.

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Liu, Liwei, Guofeng Li, Yanfeng Li, and Libing Zhao. "Dephosphorization kinetics of high-P-containing reduced iron produced from oolitic hematite ore." High Temperature Materials and Processes 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2022-0017.

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Abstract To comprehensively utilize Fe and P in oolitic hematite ore, an innovative method was proposed to enhance P enrichment in the reduced iron during the reduction process. The reduced iron was then converted to low-P-containing molten iron and high-P-containing slag in the presence of CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3 slag. In this study, the P content of the final iron after 0–1,800 s dephosphorization was investigated at different slag composition conditions, and the dephosphorization kinetics of the reduced iron was analyzed. The results showed that the P content of the final iron sample decreased rapidly within 600 s of dephosphorization and became almost constant with increasing dephosphorization time to 1,800 s. The basicity, FeO content, and Al2O3 content also affected the dephosphorization rate of the reduced iron. The apparent dephosphorization rate constant ranged from 1.141 × 10−3 to 2.363 × 10−3 g·(cm2·s)−1, and the overall mass transfer coefficient ranged from 2.47 × 10−3 to 3.38 × 10−3 cm·s−1. The rate-controlling step of the dephosphorization process was the mass transfer of P in both the slag and iron phases. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of refractory oolitic hematite ore.

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Kurniawati, Adelya, Titis Sari Kusuma, Wahyu Winariyanti, and Dedy Iskandar Putra. "Contribution of School Canteen's Snacks to The Iron Fulfillment in Malang High Schools." Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2022.009.02.4.

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Inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron in the urine may cause anemia. The prevalence of anemia due to iron (Fe) deficiency in Indonesia reaches 22.7% in females and 12.4% in males. Indonesian students spent 7-8 hours/day, mainly the iron daily intake influenced by school canteen snacks. This study aimed to determine the contribution of Fe content in canteen snacks in high schools in Malang. This research was an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design with the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) method as a quantitative iron analysis technique. Food samples were selected purposively according to the inclusion criteria from 10 high schools consisting of junior high and senior high school groups. The snack samples studied were fried chicken, fried Tempe, and noodles. The average Fe content in snacks was analyzed using the independent T-test in the junior and senior high school groups. The iron content in fried Tempe and noodle showed a significant difference with p> 0.05, while the iron content in fried chicken in the two school groups did not show different results. However, the percentage contribution of Fe to the Nutrition Adequacy Rate (RDA) is still minimal, with the most significant contribution coming from noodles, reaching 17.85% in the male group.

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Isani, Gloria, Enea Ferlizza, Martina Bertocchi, Thomas Dalmonte, Simonetta Menotta, Giorgio Fedrizzi, and Giulia Andreani. "Iron Content, Iron Speciation and Phycocyanin in Commercial Samples of Arthrospira spp." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 13949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213949.

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Cyanobacteria are characterized by high iron content. In this research, we collected ten commercial samples of Arthrospira spp. sold as food supplement to determine iron content and assess whether iron speciation showed variability among samples and changed respect to A. platensis grown in controlled conditions. Particular attention was also paid to phycocyanin, as an iron-binding protein. In six of the ten samples, 14 essential and non-essential trace elements were analysed using ICP-MS. Iron content measured in samples using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) varied from 353 (sample S5) to 1459 (sample S7) µg g−1 dry weight and was in the range of those reported by other authors in commercial supplements. Iron speciation was studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by the analysis of the collected fraction for the determination of iron by AAS and for protein separation using SDS-PAGE. Overlapping chromatographic profiles were obtained for total proteins, phycocyanin and iron, although quantitative differences were evidenced among the samples analysed. In most samples, iron was mainly bound to ligands with high molecular mass; however, in four samples iron was also bound to ligands with low molecular mass. In fractions containing the most relevant iron burden, the principal protein was phycocyanin, confirming its role as an iron-binding protein in commercial samples.

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Hwang, Woon-Ha, Jung-Sung Back, Sung-Hyun An, Jae-Heok Jeong, Han-Yong Jeong, Hyen-Seok Lee, Jong-Tak Yun, Gun-Hwi Lee, and Kyung-Jin Choi. "The Effective Method to Screening High Iron Content Brown Rice." Journal of the Korean Society of International Agricultue 28, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12719/ksia.2016.28.4.473.

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Agamirova, Alexandra S., Konstantin V. Goncharov, and Guseyn B. Sadykhov. "The complex processing of titanomagnetites with a high content of titanium dioxide." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (December 27, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.001.

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Titanomagnetites are a complex raw material with a high content of valuable components: iron (35–65 %), vanadium (0.5–1.5 %) and titanium (2–14 %). Today, titanium-magnetite concentrates are processed in two ways: blast furnace (Russia, China) and using electric smelting (South Africa). The blast-furnace method is applicable only for low-titanium titanomagnetites. In the case of using titanomagnetite concentrates with a titanium dioxide content of more than 4 %, the method of electric smelting with preliminary reduction is applicable. Both technologies aim to recover the two components (iron and vanadium), while titanium is not recovered. In this regard, the development of a complex technology for processing titanomagnetite concentrate to obtain iron in granular form, vanadium pentoxide and titanium, is urgent.

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Isani, Gloria, Alberto Niccolai, Giulia Andreani, Thomas Dalmonte, Elisa Bellei, Martina Bertocchi, Mario R. Tredici, and Liliana Rodolfi. "Iron Speciation and Iron Binding Proteins in Arthrospira platensis Grown in Media Containing Different Iron Concentrations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 6283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116283.

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Cyanobacteria are characterized by high iron content. This study investigated the effects of varying iron concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg L−1) in the culture media on the biochemical composition and the iron bioaccumulation and speciation in Arthrospira platensis F&M-C256. Iron content measured in biomasses varied from 0.35 to 2.34 mg g−1 dry weight depending on the iron concentration in the culture media. These biomasses can be considered of interest for the production of spirulina-based supplements with low and high iron content. Iron speciation was studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by atomic absorption spectrometry and proteomic analysis. The role of C-phycocyanin as an iron binding protein was also investigated. Overall, the present results provide a better understanding of iron metabolism in cyanobacteria and a foundation for further studies.

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Ma, You Ping, Xiu Lan Li, and Lei Yang. "Effects of Carbon Concentration Variation on Primary Austenite Stability of High Chromium Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 1684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.1684.

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The effect of carbon content on primary austenite stability of high chromium white cast iron(15.0wt.%) was investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM) and energy spectrum spectrometry(EDS).The results indicate that with increasing the concentration of carbon,the carbon of solid solution in the primary austenite increased, while the chromium was on the contrary, The increase of carbon content stabilized primary austenite under the condition that no secondary carbides precipitated, however, once secondary carbides precipitated, the stability of primary austenite deteriorated with the increase of carbon contents. 2.63wt.% C was the critical value of the secondary carbides precipitation in high chromium white cast iron(15.0wt.%).

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35

Harris, Georgina, Taina Palosaari, Zuzana Magdolenova, Milena Mennecozzi, Jean Michel Gineste, Luis Saavedra, Anne Milcamps, et al. "Iron oxide nanoparticle toxicity testing using high-throughput analysis and high-content imaging." Nanotoxicology 9, sup1 (July 17, 2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2013.816797.

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36

Sorokina, N. A., and V. I. Gal'tsova. "High-temperature ductility of nickel alloys type KhN55MBYu with a high iron content." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 36, no. 9 (September 1994): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01395906.

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37

Ardelean, Erika, Ana Socalici, Oana Lupu, Diana Bistrian, Cristian Dobrescu, and Nicolae Constantin. "Recovery of Waste with a High Iron Content in the Context of the Circular Economy." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144995.

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In order to apply the concepts that allow the transition from a linear to a circular economy, waste generators and/or processors must identify those variants that generate products that can be used as secondary raw materials, thus also respecting the actions governing sustainable development. This paper presents such a variant, the briquetting of waste with high iron content, waste generated on current flows in steel enterprises or deposited in industrial sites. The obtained briquettes are analyzed for chemical and mechanical characteristics so that can be used as secondary materials in the steel production. An optimization of the chemical composition using generic algorithms is also proposed in order to obtain the mechanical characteristics necessary for the proper handling of these products.

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38

Perez-Rodriguez, JL, C. Maqueda, P. Rodriguezrubio, and MCJ Deharo. "Occurrence of talc in soils with high iron content from the south-west of Spain." Soil Research 34, no. 5 (1996): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960635.

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The mineralogy of the clay fractions of 2 soil profiles classified as an Alfic Dystric Eutrochrept (Soil I) and a Xerochreptic Haploxeralf (Soil II) has been determined. A notable feature of these soils is the presence of talc and the high iron content as goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, and maghemite. Talc was the most abundant non-iron mineral of the clay fraction of Soil II. In Soil I, talc occurs as a residual phase from the parent material with its persistence in the profile aided by coatings of iron oxides, which inhibit further weathering. In these soils there is a high proportion of goethite accompanied by hematite. In Soil I the proportion of iron oxides changes within the profile. Another notable feature of this profile is the presence of maghemite in the upper horizons where this is the predominant iron oxide mineral.

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39

Guo, Yan Hua, Hui Xin Dai, and Jun Long Yang. "Beneficiation Test Research on High Grade Hematite-Limonite Ore." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.3029.

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The run of mine ore grade of Gan Shang Yan is 47.83%, iron ore grade is higher, but harmful element sulfur and impurity silica content is relatively high. This experiment using a simple process low intensity magnetic separation-high gradient magnetic separation, for the ultimate index for comprehensive grade of iron concentrate is 58.41%, at a total recovery of 80.85%, and obtain good experiment index, the harmful elements and impurity content can meet the standard.

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40

Foster, Chris M., Kristen M. Kennedy, Ana M. Daugherty та Karen M. Rodrigue. "Contribution of iron and Aβ to age differences in entorhinal and hippocampal subfield volume". Neurology 95, № 18 (16 вересня 2020): e2586-e2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010868.

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ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the combination of elevated global β-AMYLOID (Aβ) burden and greater striatal iron content would be associated with smaller entorhinal cortex (ERC) volume, but not hippocampal subfield volumes, we measured volume and iron content using high-resolution MRI and Aβ using PET imaging in a cross-sectional sample of 70 cognitively normal older adults.MethodsParticipants were scanned with florbetapir 18F PET to obtain Aβ standardized uptake value ratios. Susceptibility-weighted MRI was collected and processed to yield R2* images, and striatal regions of interest (ROIs) were manually placed to obtain a measure of striatal iron burden. Ultra-high resolution T2/PD-weighted MRIs were segmented to measure medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes. Analyses were conducted using mixed-effects models with MTL ROI as a within-participant factor; age, iron content, and Aβ as between-participant factors; and MTL volumes (ERC and 3 hippocampal subfield regions) as the dependent variable.ResultsThe model indicated a significant 4-way interaction among age, iron, Aβ, and MTL region. Post hoc analyses indicated that the 3-way interaction among age, Aβ, and iron content was selective to the ERC (β = −3.34, standard error = 1.33, 95% confidence interval −5.95 to −0.72), whereas a significant negative association between age and ERC volume was present only in individuals with both elevated iron content and Aβ.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of studying Aβ in the context of other, potentially synergistic age-related brain factors such as iron accumulation and the potential role for iron as an important contributor to the earliest, preclinical stages of pathologic aging.

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Kropivnyi, Volodymyr, Mykola Bosyi, Olexandr Kuzyk, and Alena Kropivna. "Specific Distribution of Thermal Effects of Graphite Forming Reactions in High-strength Cast Iron." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, no. 3(34) (October 2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).48-53.

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The dependence of thermal effects of reactions in the formation of inclusions of vermicular and globular graphite is substantiated in the article. The calculation of thermal effects according to the heat of formation of reagents in cast iron and their dependence on the temperature factor is given. The distribution of temperatures and carbon content in the eutectic shell is shown, increasing the compact inclusion of graphite due to diffusing carbon from the melt through the austenitic shell.

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42

Li, Yong Li, Ti Chang Sun, Jue Kou, Cheng Yan Xu, Zhan Hua Liu, and Qian Guo. "Industry Test on Phosphorus Removal and Direct Reduction of High-Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Ore." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.535.

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Industry test on phosphorus removal and direct reduction of the “Ningxiang type” high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore has been carried out in a tunnel kiln on the basis of laboratory experiment. The iron grade and phosphorus content of the initial sample are 42.46% and 0.867%, respectively. The results showed that high-phosphorus oolitic hematite could be exploited on industrial scale, with the new process direct reduction roasting – grinding – magnetic separation, and that the final concentrate with an iron grade 92.56%, iron recovery 82.77% and phosphorus content 0.089% was obtained under the optimal conditions. Besides, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope with X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS) were used to analysis the mechanism of phosphorus removal and direct reduction. It was shown that oolitic structure was destroyed, and metallic iron particle coarsening was obvious, besides fluorapatite particles were dispersed in the gangue by diffusion during the reduction roasting process. The liberation of metallic iron and gangue can be achieved by grinding, so high iron grade and low phosphorus content concentrate can be obtained after magnetic separation.

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43

Jeong, Gu Beom, Jae Sook Song, and Sun Ig Hong. "Microstructure and Deformability of Cast Zr-Nb-Fe-O Alloy with High Iron and Oxygen Content." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.99.

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In order to investigate the possible effect of the scrap inclusions in recycling, microstructure and deformability of Zr-Nb based alloys cast with the addition of iron and iron oxide were studied. No visible iron oxide inclusions were observed in the arc-melted cake, suggesting that Zr and Fe2O3reacted completely to dissociate Fe2O3into Fe and O in the Zr. No oxide peaks were observed by XRD analyses. In Zr-Nb alloy melted with iron oxide, the oxygen content reached up to 3150 ppm. Zr-1.2 Nb alloys with high oxygen contents exhibited needle-shaped α phase. and the the thickness of needles decreased. In Zr-1.2Nb alloys with over 2000 ppm they are brittle and cracked during rolling process. In some region of the fracture surface brittle fracture feature such as vein-like pattern was observed. In the fractograph, no brittle second phase particles were observed. EDS spectra. It is apparent that Zr-Nb alloys with the addition of iron oxide during the handling of scrap materials exhibit the extremely brittle behavior.

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44

Oinonen, M., G. Haggren, A. Kaskela, M. Lavento, V. Palonen, and P. Tikkanen. "Radiocarbon Dating of Iron: A Northern Contribution." Radiocarbon 51, no. 2 (2009): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056186.

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The iron dating project Aikarauta has been launched in Finland. This paper presents the results of the preliminary investigations. The ability for radiocarbon measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of iron in Finland has been demonstrated by using coal-produced iron as reference material. An elemental analyzer has been harnessed to measure the carbon content of small iron samples. In addition, we have hypothesized that a fingerprint of the limestone usage in the smelting process is the high Ca content of iron and slag. This has been examined by performing an iron smelting experiment with limestone as flux, by making elemental analyses of ingredients and the resulting slag and iron, and by a 14C analysis of the produced iron. It is possible that limestone dilutes the 14C contents of the produced iron, making its age determination challenging.

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45

Tan, Li Rong, Yan Hui Wang, Jian Bing Zang, and Jin Hui Zhang. "Electroplating Nickel-Iron Alloy on the Diamond Surface." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.164.

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Ni-coated diamond grits are widely used in resin-bonding diamond tools for that nickel coating could not only increase the surface roughness, but also improve retention of the diamond in the bond. However coating nickel on diamond surface is too expensive for the high price of metal nickel. In order to obtain cost-effective coating, barrel-plating method was used to coat nickel-iron alloy on the diamond surface in this paper. Nickel-iron alloy coating with iron content of 13.62~17.25wt% has been obtained and the iron content in the alloy coating can be adjusted by the content of Fe2+ in the electrolyte. Compared with the uncoated-diamond, the compressive fracture strength (CFS) of coated diamond tested by single grit method has a distinct increase and it becomes higher as the iron content increases in the coating. The coating possesses ferromagnetism and the magnetic intensity of alloy coating with high iron content is larger than that with low iron content.

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46

Zavyalov, Vladimir, and Nataliya Terekhova. "Meteoritic iron artefacts redux." Archeologické rozhledy 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2019.8.

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The earliest iron artefacts are often presented as products made of meteoritic iron, which is characterised by its high iron content. However, recent studies have shown that high nickel and iron content cannot be taken as a firm criterion for establishing its meteoritic origin. The most effective tool for helping to specify the elemental composition in such cases is a metallographic analysis. It turns out that the material of many artefacts regarded as having been forged from meteoritic iron could in fact be bloomery iron. An analysis of ample yet scattered evidence suggests that the production of items from meteoritic iron could in fact be irregular and sporadic.

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47

Muñiz Valdez, Carlos Rodrigo, Daniel García Navarro, Jesús Salvador Galindo Valdés, Félix Alan Montes González, Efrain Almanza Casas, and Nelly Abigail Rodríguez Rosales. "Determination of Corrosion Resistance of High-Silicon Ductile Iron Alloyed with Nb." Metals 13, no. 5 (May 9, 2023): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13050917.

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In this study, the effects of Nb on the microstructural characteristics, hardness, and corrosion resistance of high-silicon ductile cast iron (HSDI)-3.6 wt.% Si were investigated. Samples from different castings with 0–0.9 wt.% Nb were obtained and compared to a commercial ductile iron. Microstructures showed that the amount of ferrite in the matrix increased with increasing Nb content, from 34% for unalloyed HSDI to 88% for HSDI-0.9 wt.% Nb. The presence of randomly distributed NbC carbides was identified by EDX for all the samples alloyed with Nb, and the hardness of the HSDI increased with the Nb content. To evaluate the influence of the Nb content on the corrosion resistance of HSDI, potentiodynamic tests were carried out in a solution of H2SO4. The highest corrosion rate on HSDI was obtained for the HSDI-0.3 wt.% Nb sample, with 2802 mills per year, due to the amount of pearlite present and the lowest presence of NbC carbides, compared to the HSDI-0.9 wt.% Nb, with 986 mills per year. This behavior was attributed to the ferrite matrix obtained because of a high Si content in the DI, which delayed the anodic dissolution of the alloy and suppressed the pearlitizing effect of Nb for contents greater than 0.3 wt.%, as well as to the effect of NbC carbides, which acted as inhibitors.

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48

Zheng, Yanxin, Ying Liu, Feng Zheng, Qingsong Song, Caili Zhang, Jian Wang, Nan Dong, Aijuan Shi, and Peide Han. "Effects of iron content on tribological properties of Cu-Fe-based friction material." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-01-2019-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of iron content on the friction and wear performances of Cu–Fe-based friction materials under dry sliding friction and wear test condition. Design/methodology/approach Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content were prepared by powder metallurgy route. The tribological properties of Cu–Fe-based friction materials against GCr15 steel balls were studied at different applied loads and sliding speeds. Meanwhile, microstructure and phases of Cu–Fe-based friction materials were investigated. Findings Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content are suitable for specific applied load and sliding speed, respectively. Low iron content Cu–Fe-based friction material is suitable for a high load 60 N and low sliding speed 70 mm/min and high iron content Cu–Fe-based friction material will be more suitable for a high load 60 N and high sliding speed 150 mm/min. The abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism for two kinds of Cu–Fe-based friction materials. Originality/value The friction and wear properties of Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content were determined at different applied loads and sliding speeds, providing a direction and theoretical basis for the future development of Cu–Fe-based friction materials.

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49

Shoppert, Andrey A., Denis A. Rogozhnikov, and Y. E. Agapitov. "Obtaining of High Quality Iron Oxide from Nitric Acid Leaching Solution." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.1128.

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Low grade copper concentrate is a promising source for the future recovery of copper and other valuable components by nitric acid leaching, which leads to a formation of iron rich pregnant solution. In this study a method of producing of high-quality iron oxide from the pregnant solution by precipitation of jarosite with subsequent conversion of jarosite into magnetite under alkaline conditions in the presence of ferrous ions was explored. The degree of iron extraction was 87.4%, the copper content in the magnetite was 0.06% under the following optimal conditions of jarosite precipitation: precipitation time 6 h, initial pH 1.5, seed amount 60 g/L. However, to obtain this purity, the copper content in the pregnant solution should be less than 0.5 g/L, and as a seed, it is necessary to use a well-crystallized jarosite with a low content of impurities.

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50

Gillot, B., and V. Nivoix. "New cation-deficient vanadium–iron spinels with a high vacancy content." Materials Research Bulletin 34, no. 10-11 (July 1999): 1735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(99)00165-8.

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