Статті в журналах: "High content of protein"

1

Simonen, Marjo, Yvonne Ibig-Rehm, Gabriele Hofmann, Johann Zimmermann, Genevieve Albrecht, Maxime Magnier, Valerie Heidinger, and Daniela Gabriel. "High-Content Assay to Study Protein Prenylation." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 13, no. 6 (July 2008): 456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057108318757.

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The mevalonate pathway leads to synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoid lipids. Prenyltransferases attach the isoprenoid lipids to the C-terminus of several small guanosine triphosphate—binding proteins. The prenyl groups are essential for the biological activity of these proteins. The prenyltransferases and other components of the mevalonate pathway are either present or potential drug targets for cancer, osteoporosis, restenosis, or high serum cholesterol level. Until recently, cellular assays to study protein prenylation have been tedious, low-throughput assays. The authors have developed a high-content imaging-based assay to study protein prenylation. The assay is based on a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter, which is tagged with the prenylation motif of human H-Ras. The C-terminus of H-Ras targets GFP to the plasma membrane. When protein prenylation is inhibited, the tagged GFP cannot be localized to plasma membrane but is soluble in the cells. The localization of the GFP reporter can be analyzed in the 96- or 384-well format using automated microscopy and automated image analysis. Information about cell number and nuclear intensity can be obtained from the same images. In compound screening, these readouts provide valuable information about the toxicity of the compounds. The authors have validated their assay using several inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway as well as siRNA against farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, a critical enzyme in the synthesis of the isoprenoid lipids. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:456-467)

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Toldrá, Fidel, and Leticia Mora. "Proteins and Bioactive Peptides in High Protein Content Foods." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061186.

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Foods and their industry by-products constitute very good sources of bioactive peptides, which can be naturally generated during processing but are also extensively produced through enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and even during gastrointestinal digestion in the human body [...]

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Rudiuk, V., V. Pasichnyi, T. Khorunzha, and O. Krasulya. "Sour milk product with high protein content." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (April 23, 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9113.

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The formulations of sour-milk products made by the thermostat method with the use of protein concentrates are developed. The classic technology of thermosetting is used as a basis, with preliminary preparation of mixtures based on normalized milk, milk protein concentrate (KMBS-65) and serum protein ultra filtration concentrate (KSB-UV-65), followed by pasteurization and suction. Concentrates used in dry form. Milk protein promotes nutrition of tissues not short-lived, but in the long-term, which is very important for intense physical activity, and high intellectual activity. Whey protein is rapidly absorbed and the nutrients that it carries with them, in short time, enter the tissues of the body, including muscle. This allows you to compensate for energy costs in a short time and improve the processes of exchange designed to normalize the work of organs and systems. Protein concentrates are used to improve the density of the bunch and reduce the degree of syneresis. The product is enriched with a concentrate and will act as an additional source of natural milk protein supplementation to the human body. The optimum component composition of the mixture – the sour milk product, using model milk samples and protein concentrates containing 3; 5; 7; 10% of total volume. Control sample, without protein concentrate. In the preparation of mixtures, the optimal temperature for the administration of protein concentrates was determined by a practical method. Experimental studies were carried out at the research laboratories of the National University of Food Technologies. The comparative characteristics of the physical and chemical characteristics (pH, titrated acidity, protein content) and organoleptic (appearance, color, consistency) of the indices in samples with different percentages of the introduced protein concentrates, with each other and with the control sample were performed. The changes of the indicators of the product during storage within 7 days.

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Meng, Lihao. "Functional Assays on High‐Content Protein Microarrays." Current Protocols in Chemical Biology 4, no. 3 (September 2012): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470559277.ch110267.

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Moore, Cedric D., Olutobi Z. Ajala, and Heng Zhu. "Applications in high-content functional protein microarrays." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 30 (February 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.013.

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6

Taski-Ajdukovic, Ksenija, Vuk Djordjevic, Milos Vidic, and Milka Vujakovic. "Subunit composition of seed storage proteins in high-protein soybean genotypes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 45, no. 7 (July 2010): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2010000700013.

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The objective of this work was to quantify the accumulation of the major seed storage protein subunits, β-conglycinin and glycinin, and how they influence yield and protein and oil contents in high-protein soybean genotypes. The relative accumulation of subunits was calculated by scanning SDS-PAGE gels using densitometry. The protein content of the tested genotypes was higher than control cultivar in the same maturity group. Several genotypes with improved protein content and with unchanged yield or oil content were developed as a result of new breeding initiatives. This research confirmed that high-protein cultivars accumulate higher amounts of glycinin and β-conglycinin. Genotypes KO5427, KO5428, and KO5429, which accumulated lower quantities of all subunits of glycinin and β-conglycinin, were the only exceptions. Attention should be given to genotypes KO5314 and KO5317, which accumulated significantly higher amounts of both subunits of glycinin, and to genotypes KO5425, KO5319, KO539 and KO536, which accumulated significantly higher amounts of β-conglycinin subunits. These findings suggest that some of the tested genotypes could be beneficial in different breeding programs aimed at the production of agronomically viable plants, yielding high-protein seed with specific composition of storage proteins for specific food applications.

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Schadereit, R., M. Klein, W. B. Souffrant, K. Krawielitzki, and U. Renne. "Protein metabolism in mice selected for high carcass protein content or high body weight." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 78, no. 1-5 (September 12, 1997): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00862.x.

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8

Multari, Salvatore, Madalina Neacsu, Lorraine Scobbie, Louise Cantlay, Gary Duncan, Nicholas Vaughan, Derek Stewart, and Wendy R. Russell. "Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of High-Protein Crops." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no. 41 (October 11, 2016): 7800–7811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00926.

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Messia, Maria Cristina, Francesca Cuomo, Luisa Falasca, Maria Carmela Trivisonno, Elisa De Arcangelis, and Emanuele Marconi. "Nutritional and Technological Quality of High Protein Pasta." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030589.

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Pasta has an important role in human nutrition for its high content of complex carbohydrates and its widespread use. It can be an efficient delivery system or carrier of non-traditional raw material, including additional health-promoting ingredients. The partial replacement of semolina with high-protein raw materials leads to the improvement of the biological value of pasta proteins. In order to obtain pasta with high nutritional protein value and with excellent cooking properties, various recipes have been formulated with different percentages of semolina and unconventional high-protein raw materials (peas and soy isolate proteins, egg white, whey proteins and Spirulina platensis). High-protein pasta was produced using a pasta making pilot plant and the nutritional quality (protein content and quality) and sensorial properties were assessed. All experimental pastas showed optimal performances. Pasta prepared with pea protein isolate, whey proteins and Spirulina platensis showed improved chemical score and digestible indispensable amino acid scores, an eye-catching color, and an excellent cooking quality.

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10

Singh, Jaspal, Sangeeta Prakash, Bhesh Bhandari, and Nidhi Bansal. "Ultra high temperature (UHT) stability of casein-whey protein mixtures at high protein content: Heat induced protein interactions." Food Research International 116 (February 2019): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.049.

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11

Sağlam, Dilek, Paul Venema, Renko de Vries, and Erik van der Linden. "Exceptional heat stability of high protein content dispersions containing whey protein particles." Food Hydrocolloids 34 (January 2014): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.12.016.

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12

He, Hongxing, and Wu-Pei Su. "Direct phasing of protein crystals with high solvent content." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314024097.

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An iterative transform method is proposed for solving the phase problem in protein crystallography. In each iteration, a weighted average electron-density map is constructed to define an estimated protein mask. Solvent flattening is then imposed through the hybrid input–output algorithm [Fienup (1982).Appl. Opt.21, 2758–2769]. Starting from random initial phases, after thousands of iterations the mask evolves into the correct shape and the phases converge to the correct values with an average error of 30–40° for high-resolution data for several protein crystals with high solvent content. With the use of non-crystallographic symmetry, the method could potentially be extended to phase protein crystals with less than 50% solvent fraction. The new phasing algorithm can supplement and enhance the traditional refinement tools.

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13

Brody, Edward N., Larry Gold, Richard M. Lawn, Jeffrey J. Walker, and Dom Zichi. "High-content affinity-based proteomics: unlocking protein biomarker discovery." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 10, no. 8 (November 2010): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.10.89.

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14

Park, J., L. Holm, A. Heger, and C. Chothia. "RSDB: representative protein sequence databases have high information content." Bioinformatics 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.5.458.

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15

Doran, Michael R., Jessica E. Frith, Andrew B. J. Prowse, Jane Fitzpatrick, Ernst J. Wolvetang, Trent P. Munro, Peter P. Gray, and Justin J. Cooper-White. "Defined high protein content surfaces for stem cell culture." Biomaterials 31, no. 19 (July 2010): 5137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.015.

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16

Nadanaciva, Sashi, Keith Dillman, David F. Gebhard, Alka Shrikhande, and Yvonne Will. "High-Content Screening for Compounds That Affect mtDNA-Encoded Protein Levels in Eukaryotic Cells." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 15, no. 8 (July 12, 2010): 937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057110373547.

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Compounds that interfere with the synthesis of either mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA-encoded proteins reduce the levels of 13 proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation, leading to a decrease in mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Toxicity caused by these compounds is seldom identified in 24- to 72-h cytotoxicity assays due to the low turnover rates of both mtDNA and mtDNA-encoded proteins. To address this problem, the authors developed a 96-well format, high-content screening (HCS) assay that measures, in eukaryotic cells, the level of Complex IV–subunit 1, an mtDNA-encoded protein synthesized on mitochondrial ribosomes, and the level of Complex V–α subunit, a nuclear DNA-encoded protein synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The effect of several antibiotics and antiretrovirals on these 2 proteins was assessed, in transformed human liver epithelial cells, 6 days after compound treatment. The results confirmed effects of drugs known to reduce mtDNA-encoded protein levels and also revealed novel information showing that several fluoroquinolones and a macrolide, josamycin, impaired expression of mtDNA-encoded proteins. The HCS assay was robust with an average Z′ factor of 0.62. The assay enables large-scale screening of compounds to identify those that potentially affect mtDNA-encoded protein levels and can be implemented within a screening paradigm to minimize compound attrition.

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17

Marega Filho, Mario, Deonisio Destro, Lilian Azevedo Miranda, Wilma Aparecida Spinosa, Mercedes Concórdia Carrão-Panizzi, and Ricardo Montalván. "Relationships among oil content, protein content and seed size in soybeans." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, no. 1 (March 2001): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000100004.

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During 1995/96 and 1996/97, experiments were carried out at Londrina State University, aiming at quantifying the oil and protein contents in two groups of soybean genotypes; estimating the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations existent among oil, protein content and seed size, and identifying genotypes for direct human consumption with high protein content. The evaluated characters were Weight of a Hundred Seeds (WHS), expressed in grams/100 seeds, Oil Content (OC) and Protein Content (PC), expressed in %. In the experiment carried out in the field, OC ranged from 12 to 20.37 % and PC from 35.66 to 41.75% while in the experiment carried out in the greenhouse OC ranged from 12.26 to 21.79 % and PC from 32.95 to 41.56 % . The correlations between oil and protein were negative and significant. The relationship among WHS with OC and PC was low and higly affected by the time effect. Due to their high protein content and stability to oil and protein contents, there were distinction among the treatments carried out in the field (GA23 and GA20), and those carried out in the greenhouse (PI408251, Waseda, B6F4 (L-3 less), PI423909 and Tambagura).

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Tóth, Adrienn, Csaba Németh, Tamás Csurka, József Surányi, Katalin Badak-Kerti, Péter Penksza, and László Friedrich. "Development of high protein containing bakery filling." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 8, no. 1-2 (May 26, 2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2019.1-2.74-80.

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Development of nutrient-dense foods is one of the most important goals of today’s food industry. High protein content of foods helps to provide energy and aminoacids for human body. In our study protein enriched filling was developed for doughnuts. The main ingredients of the product were pudding powder and egg white product (TOTu, ToTu milk, ToTu cream, and ToTu cream extra). The texture of samples was analyzed by Anton Paar Mcr 92 rheometer and the quality of products was evaluated by sensorial tests. Microbiological decontamination of HHP was investigated (500 MPa, 5 min). Our results show that high protein content did not influence the sensorial quality of filling, as long the microbiota of the products is highly improved by HHP treatment. Rheological properties is highly influenced by the concentration of egg proteins. The overall quality will be better, if egg white products are used for the product.

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Moravec, T., and N. Čeřovská. "The use of legume seed for expression and storage of high value proteins." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 2 (June 12, 2014): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/143/2013-cjgpb.

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There is an ever growing need for the use of recombinant proteins both in medicine and industry; however their widespread use is limited by the lack of production capacity. Transgenic plants offer the possibility to produce and deliver recombinant proteins on a large scale with low production costs and with minimal purification or enrichment requirements. Among crop plants, legumes have great potential as a protein production platform because of their naturally high protein content, nutritional value, independence of N-nutrition, pollen containment, available processing technology, storage stability etc. There have been several proof-of-principle attempts to produce large amounts of recombinant protein in seed of both soybean and pea, however, our knowledge of processes regulating the foreign protein production and deposition is still limited.

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Komprda, T., R. Dvořák, M. Fialová, K. Šustová, and A. Pechová. "Fatty acid content in milk of dairy cows on a diet with high fat content derived from rapeseed." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 7 (December 10, 2011): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4172-cjas.

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Two groups of dairy cows, Czech Red-pied × Ayrshire × Red Holstein crossbreds, received a diet with either production mixture with rapeseed, rapeseed cakes and rapeseed oil (Energol; E-group; final feed mixture with 62 g of crude fat per kg of dry matter, DM) or control production mixture (C-group; crude fat content in total feed mixture 37 g/kg DM). Milk samples were taken on the 14th, 30th, 60th and 90th day of lactation, and basic milk constituents and fatty acid content in milk fat were determined. E- and C-groups did not differ in either milk yield or yield of milk fat, milk protein and lactose (P > 0.05). Lactose, calcium, milk protein and casein content increased linearly (P < 0.05) with the increasing day of lactation both in E-milk and in C-milk. Casein content in E-milk was lower (P < 0.05) than in C-milk but total lipid content did not differ (P > 0.05) from that in C-milk. Dietary rapeseed decreased (P < 0.05) palmitic acid content in milk by 20 percentage units and at the same time increased (P < 0.05) oleic acid content by 10 percentage units in comparison with control milk; the ratio of total C16/total C18 fatty acids was consequently twice lower (P < 0.01) in E-milk. As far as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are concerned, the contents of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (LNA) and eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acid were higher (P < 0.05) in E-milk; however, the PUFAn-6/PUFAn-3 ratio was not different between E- and C-milk. It was concluded that 1 litre of E-milk could provide 20% of both LA and LNA daily requirement.

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Písaříková, B., S. Kráčmar, and I. Herzig. "Amino acid contents and biological value of protein in various amaranth species." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 4 (December 6, 2011): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4011-cjas.

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Amino acid content before and after heat treatment was assessed in grain of six selected amaranth varieties and four species: Amaranthus cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus and A. hybridus, cultivated in the Czech Republic. High content of Lys and Arg was detected in both heat treated and untreated grains, as well as satisfactory content of Cys and lower levels of Met, Val, Ile and Leu. The latter three amino acids appear as limiting. Chemical scores of essential amino acids and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were determined. EAAI value of 90.4% shows the favourable nutritional quality of amaranth protein, which is almost comparable with egg protein. Heat treatment by popping at 170 to 190°C for 30 s resulted in decreased EAAI to 85.4%. Of the essential amino acids under study, Val and Leu contents decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The relatively high content of essential amino acids in amaranth grain predetermines its use as a substitution of meat-and-bone meals.

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Turhan, Ece, Cigdem Aydogan, and Sergul Ergin. "PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS ON TOMATO LEAVES AT TWO DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.034.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperatures on three tomato cultivars at first bloom and yield stages. The leaves were subjected to high temperature stress at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C with gradual increments every 30-minutes in both stages. Samples were analyzed for total chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), total soluble protein (TSP) contents. Besides, protein profiles were determined with SDS-PAGE. Heat stress decreased Chl content in both stages, while it was higher in first bloom stage than in yield stage. Whereas carotenoid content increased in both stages. The AsA and GSH contents were higher in yield stage than in first bloom stage. Heat stress, generally reduced AsA content, while increased GSH content. It was observed that the effect of cultivars and temperature treatments on the TSP content was different in both periods. In addition, TSP content had decreased with increasing temperatures, while many protein bands had been observed in SDS-PAGE with sizes ranging from 13 kDa to 89 kDa according to treatments.

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Uauy, C. "The high grain protein content gene Gpc-B1 accelerates senescence and has pleiotropic effects on protein content in wheat." Journal of Experimental Botany 57, no. 11 (July 7, 2006): 2785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl047.

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Roman, David L., Shodai Ota, and Richard R. Neubig. "Polyplexed Flow Cytometry Protein Interaction Assay: A Novel High-Throughput Screening Paradigm for RGS Protein Inhibitors." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 6 (June 16, 2009): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109336590.

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Intracellular signaling cascades are a series of regulated protein-protein interactions that may provide a number of targets for potential drug discovery. Here, the authors examine the interaction of regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins with the G-protein Gαo, using a flow cytometry protein interaction assay (FCPIA). FCPIA accurately measures nanomolar binding constants of this protein-protein interaction and has been used in high-throughput screening. This report focuses on 5 RGS proteins (4, 6, 7, 8, and 16). To increase the content of screens, the authors assessed high-throughput screening of these RGS proteins in multiplex, by establishing binding constants of each RGS with Gαo in isolation, and then in a multiplex format with 5 RGS proteins present. To use this methodology as a higher-content multiplex protein-protein interaction screen, they established Z-factor values for RGS proteins in multiplex of 0.73 to 0.92, indicating this method is suitable for screening using FCPIA. To increase throughput, they also compressed a set of 8000 compounds by combining 4 compounds in a single assay well. Subsequent deconvolution of the compounds mixtures verified the identification of active compounds at specific RGS targets in their mixtures using the polyplexed FCPIA method. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009: 610-619)

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Kiełczewska, Katarzyna, Aneta Dąbrowska, Agnieszka Jankowska, Maria Wachowska, and Jarosław Kowalik. "The Effect of High-Pressure Treatment and Skimming on Caprine Milk Proteins." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 5982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135982.

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Background: Proteins are susceptible to HP-treatment and there is a need to determine the applicability of HP-treatment in dairy production. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HP-treatment at 200–500 MPa (tconst. = 10 min; Tconst. = 20 °C) and skimming of HP-treated milk on the content of nitrogen compounds and protein composition of caprine milk. Methods: The content of nitrogen (total, non-casein, non-protein) was determined using the Kjeldahl method. Casein fractions and whey proteins were separated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Color parameters were measured in the CIELAB color space. Results: HP-treatment decreased (p < 0.05) the content of non-casein nitrogen and soluble whey proteins. Skimming decreased the content of nitrogen compounds, and the noted decrease was more pronounced in HP-treated milk. Pressure and skimming had no influence on the proportions of α-, β-, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin. Total color difference (ΔE) increased with a rise in pressure, particularly in skim milk. Conclusion: HP-treatment led to a loss of protein solubility at pH 4.6 in caprine milk. In HP-treated milk, skimming did not induce changes in protein composition, despite a decrease in the content of nitrogen compounds after the separation of the cream layer. Higher values of ΔE in skim milk than in whole milk point to changes in colloidal phase components.

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Martínez-Villaluenga, Cristina, Henryk Zieliński, Juana Frias, Mariusz K. Piskuła, Halina Kozłowska, and Concepción Vidal-Valverde. "Antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of high-protein lupin products." Food Chemistry 112, no. 1 (January 2009): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.040.

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Qiuxia, He, Zhou Qifa, and Sun Xuemei. "Strikingly high content of grain protein in solution-cultured rice." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, no. 7 (2005): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2109.

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Chen, P., L. Florez-Palacios, M. Orazaly, P. Manjarrez-Sandoval, C. Wu, J. C. Rupe, D. G. Dombek, T. Kirkpatrick, and R. T. Robbins. "Registration of ‘UA 5814HP’ Soybean with High Yield and High Seed-Protein Content." Journal of Plant Registrations 11, no. 2 (April 27, 2017): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2016.09.0046crc.

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Garner, Kathryn L. "High content imaging for monitoring signalling dynamics in single cells." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 65, no. 4 (November 2020): R91—R100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-20-0169.

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All living cells are sensors of their environment: they sense signals, hormones, cytokines, and growth factors, among others. Binding of these signals to cell surface receptors initiates the transmission of messages along intracellular signalling pathways through protein–protein interactions, enzymatic modifications and conformational changes. Typically, the activation of signalling pathways are monitored in whole populations of cells, giving population average measures, often using experimental methods that destroy and homogenise the cell population. High content imaging is an automated, high-throughput fluorescence microscopy method that enables measurements of signal transduction pathways to be taken from live cells. It can be used to measure signalling dynamics, how the abundance of particular proteins of interest change over time, or to record how particular proteins move and change their localisation in response to a signal from their environment. Using this, and other single cell methods, it is becoming increasingly clear that cells are in fact very variable in their response to a given stimulus and in the quantities of cellular components they express, even in clonal (isogenic) cell lines. This review will discuss how high content imaging has contributed to our growing understanding of cellular heterogeneity. It will discuss how data generated has been combined with information theoretic approaches to quantify the amount of information transferred through noisy signalling pathways. Lastly, the relevance of heterogeneity to our understanding and treatment of disease will be considered, highlighting the importance of single cell measurements.

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Granas, Charlotta, Betina Lundholt, Arne Heydorn, Viggo Linde, Hans-Christian Pedersen, Christian Krog-Jensen, Mette Rosenkilde, and Len Pagliaro. "High Content Screening for G Protein-Coupled Receptors Using Cell-Based Protein Translocation Assays." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 8, no. 4 (June 1, 2005): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207054020741.

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Pokharel, Yuba Raj, Jani Saarela, Agnieszka Szwajda, Christian Rupp, Anne Rokka, Shibendra Kumar Lal Karna, Kaisa Teittinen, et al. "Relevance Rank Platform (RRP) for Functional Filtering of High Content Protein–Protein Interaction Data." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 14, no. 12 (October 23, 2015): 3274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m115.050773.

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Wagner, C. R., K. Hamana, and S. C. Elgin. "A high-mobility-group protein and its cDNAs from Drosophila melanogaster." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 5 (May 1992): 1915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.1915.

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We have identified, purified, and characterized a high-mobility-group (HMG) protein and its cDNAs from Drosophila melanogaster. This protein, HMG D, shares most of the characteristics of vertebrate HMG proteins; it is extractable from nuclei with 0.35 M NaCl, is soluble in 5% perchloric acid, is relatively small (molecular weight of 12,000), has both a high basic (24%) and high acidic (24%) amino acid content, and is a DNA-binding protein. HMG D exhibits characteristics of both the vertebrate HMG 1 and 2 class and the HMG 14 and 17 class of proteins. Its amino acid sequence is similar (36% amino acid identity) to that of HMG1, while its size and selective extraction with ethidium bromide are similar to properties of the HMG 14 and 17 class of proteins. HMG D is encoded by a single-copy gene that maps to 57F8-11 on the right arm of chromosome 2. Two transcripts are observed during embryogenesis; the protein is relatively stable throughout development. By the biochemical criteria of size, solubility, and amino acid content, HMG D appears to be the major HMG protein of D. melanogaster.

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33

Wagner, C. R., K. Hamana, and S. C. Elgin. "A high-mobility-group protein and its cDNAs from Drosophila melanogaster." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 5 (May 1992): 1915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.1915-1923.1992.

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Анотація:

We have identified, purified, and characterized a high-mobility-group (HMG) protein and its cDNAs from Drosophila melanogaster. This protein, HMG D, shares most of the characteristics of vertebrate HMG proteins; it is extractable from nuclei with 0.35 M NaCl, is soluble in 5% perchloric acid, is relatively small (molecular weight of 12,000), has both a high basic (24%) and high acidic (24%) amino acid content, and is a DNA-binding protein. HMG D exhibits characteristics of both the vertebrate HMG 1 and 2 class and the HMG 14 and 17 class of proteins. Its amino acid sequence is similar (36% amino acid identity) to that of HMG1, while its size and selective extraction with ethidium bromide are similar to properties of the HMG 14 and 17 class of proteins. HMG D is encoded by a single-copy gene that maps to 57F8-11 on the right arm of chromosome 2. Two transcripts are observed during embryogenesis; the protein is relatively stable throughout development. By the biochemical criteria of size, solubility, and amino acid content, HMG D appears to be the major HMG protein of D. melanogaster.

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34

Coldebella, Priscila F., Simone D. Gomes, Janete A. Evarini, Marney P. Cereda, Sílvia R. M. Coelho, and Anderson Coldebella. "Evaluation of protein extraction methods to obtain protein concentrate from cassava leaf." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 6 (December 2013): 1223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000600015.

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The cassava leaf, waste generated in the harvest of the roots, is characterized by high content of protein, vitamins and minerals; however, its use is limited due to the high fiber content and antinutritional substances, which can be removed by obtaining protein concentrates. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate protein extraction processes, aiming the use of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an alternative protein. Four methods were tested: 1) Coagulation of Proteins by Lowering the Temperature, 2) Extraction by Isoelectric Precipitation, 3) Solubilization of Proteins and 4) Fermentation of Filter Leaf Juice. To obtain the concentrates, the use of fresh or dried leaves and extraction in one or two steps were also evaluated. The solubilization of proteins (method 3) showed a higher extraction yield; however, with concentrate of low quality. The fermentation of the juice (method 4) produced concentrates with higher quality and lower costs and the isoelectric precipitation (method 2) promoted the obtention of concentrates in less time, both with good prospects for use. The use of two extraction steps was not advantageous to the process and there was no difference between the use of fresh or dried leaf, and the use of fresh leaves is presented as a good option for the simplicity of the method.

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35

Zakhartsev, Maxim, Carmen Momeu, and Valentina Ganeva. "High-Throughput Liberation of Water-Soluble Yeast Content by Irreversible Electropermeation (HT-irEP)." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2007): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106296910.

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The article describes a high-throughput method for the liberation of water-soluble cell contents by exploiting the phenomenon of irreversible membrane electropermeation (HT-irEP). The method is exemplified in recombinant proteins and plasmid liberation from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the detectable level. Obtained extracts are pure enough to be readily applied for further analytical analysis such as enzyme assay, PCR, and so on. From the same HT-irEP extract, one can measure activity of the target protein and perform amplification of the corresponding gene from the DNA vector by PCR for recombinant protein with intracellular expression. Therefore, the method is suitable for the high-throughput screening (HTS) of yeast libraries where extracellular expression of recombinant protein is problematic. The method can be easily automated and integrated into existing HTS systems.

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36

Silva, Danillo Olegário Matos da, Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos, Sirando Lima Seido, Washington Carvalho Pacheco Coelho, and Deisy Aiane Lima de Aquino. "Retention of proteins and minerals after cooking in cowpea genotypes1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 47, no. 3 (September 2017): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4747261.

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ABSTRACT Cowpea is a tolerant crop to water deficit, with moderate protein and mineral contents, as well as fast cooking, which are important requirements for semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the retention of total proteins and minerals after cooking in cowpea genotypes, in order to select those that best preserve these nutrients contents. Twenty-four genotypes were evaluated, being ten lines, five commercial cultivars and nine landraces maintained by farmers. Cooking had a reduced effect on the contents of protein, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc in cowpea grains, with significant effects only in a few genotypes. A significant and positive correlation was observed only for grain yield x zinc content and protein content x cooking time. The line CPCR3F6L17 presented a high grain yield and high levels of protein, potassium, iron and zinc after cooking, showing to be a promising option for the studied region.

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37

Chevalier, Laure, Cécile Bos, Céline Gryson, Catherine Luengo, Stéphane Walrand, Daniel Tomé, Yves Boirie, and Claire Gaudichon. "High-protein diets differentially modulate protein content and protein synthesis in visceral and peripheral tissues in rats." Nutrition 25, no. 9 (September 2009): 932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.01.013.

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38

D’Hulst, Gommaar, Evi Masschelein, and Katrien De Bock. "Dampened Muscle mTORC1 Response Following Ingestion of High-Quality Plant-Based Protein and Insect Protein Compared to Whey." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051396.

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Increased amino acid availability acutely stimulates protein synthesis partially via activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Plant-and insect-based protein sources matched for total protein and/or leucine to animal proteins induce a lower postprandial rise in amino acids, but their effects on mTOR activation in muscle are unknown. C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with different protein solutions: whey, a pea–rice protein mix matched for total protein or leucine content to whey, worm protein matched for total protein, or saline. Blood was drawn 30, 60, 105 and 150 min after gavage and muscle samples were harvested 60 min and 150 min after gavage to measure key components of the mTORC1 pathway. Ingestion of plant-based proteins induced a lower rise in blood leucine compared to whey, which coincided with a dampened mTORC1 activation, both acutely and 150 min after administration. Matching total leucine content to whey did not rescue the reduced rise in plasma amino acids, nor the lower increase in mTORC1 compared to whey. Insect protein elicits a similar activation of downstream mTORC1 kinases as plant-based proteins, despite lower postprandial aminoacidemia. The mTORC1 response following ingestion of high-quality plant-based and insect proteins is dampened compared to whey in mouse skeletal muscle.

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39

Ljubicic, Vladimir, and David A. Hood. "Specific attenuation of protein kinase phosphorylation in muscle with a high mitochondrial content." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 3 (September 2009): E749—E758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2009.

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Acute contractile activity increases the activation of protein kinases involved in signal transduction. We hypothesized that the contractile activity-induced kinase phosphorylation would occur to a lesser degree in muscle with elevated mitochondrial content. We compared red and white sections of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle with two- to threefold differences in mitochondrial volume, and we increased the mitochondrial content in the TA muscle by 40% with unilateral chronic stimulation-induced contractile activity (10 Hz, 7 days, 3 h/day). Both the chronically stimulated and the contralateral control muscles were then acutely stimulated in situ for 15 min (10 Hz). We investigated 1) the total protein content and 2) the phosphorylation of kinases important for mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, including AMPKα and p44, p42, and p38 MAPKs, as well as Akt by immunoblotting. In response to chronic stimulation, a selective upregulation of kinase protein content was observed, suggesting unique transcriptional/translational processing for these enzymes. Inverse relationships were observed between mitochondrial volume and 1) kinase protein content and 2) basal levels of kinase phosphorylation. In general, the kinase phosphorylation response to acute exercise depended, in part, on the oxidative capacity of the fiber type, evidenced by a greater absolute level of acute contractile activity-induced kinase signaling in muscle with a lower mitochondrial volume. The attenuation of contraction-evoked kinase phosphorylation in muscle with high mitochondrial content suggests that these proteins may become less sensitive to upstream signaling and require greater stimulation for activation to propagate these adaptive cues downstream toward transcription or translation events.

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40

Florez‐Palacios, L., L. Mozzoni, M. Orazaly, P. Manjarrez‐Sandoval, C. Wu, D. Dombek, and P. Chen. "Registration of soybean germplasm R11‐7999 with high seed protein content and high yield." Journal of Plant Registrations 14, no. 1 (January 2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20019.

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41

Lavrova, L. Yu, and E. L. Bortsova. "Flour side dishes with high iodine content." Khleboproducty 31, no. 3 (2022): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2022-31-3-46-48.

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The paper presents the results of the study to determine the optimal amount of dry kelp powder introduced into the homemade noodle formulation, which was from 2 to 6% instead of prime grade wheat flour. Organoleptic, physico-chemical quality indicators and microbiological safety indicators were determined, the amount of iodine in the experimental samples was established, which ranged from 16,8 to 64,1 μg. The following methods were used to carry out the study: organoleptic (GOST 31986–2012 «Catering services. Method of organoleptic assessment of the quality of catering products»); determination of dry substances mass fraction (GOST R 54607.4–2015 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 4. Methods for determining moisture and dry substances»); determination of fat content (GOST R 54607.5–2015 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 5. Methods for determining fat»); determination of protein content (GOST R 54607.7–2016 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 7. Determination of protein by the Kjeldahl method»); determination of iodine by titrimetric method; determination of sugars (GOST R 54607.6–2015 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 6. Methods for determining sugar»); microbiological methods (GOST R 54607.9–2016 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 9. Microbiological trials»); determination of dietary fiber content was carried out by calculation. It is proved that the developed flour garnish can be attributed to a functional food product, since the iodine content in it is more than 15% of the average daily consumption rate.

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42

Wee, Chi-Do, Masatsugu Hashiguchi, Genki Ishigaki, Melody Muguerza, Chika Oba, Jun Abe, Kyuya Harada, and Ryo Akashi. "Evaluation of seed components of wild soybean (Glycine soja) collected in Japan using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 16, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262116000472.

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AbstractSeed composition, including the protein, lipid and sucrose contents of 334 accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) collected in Japan, was evaluated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. The distribution of protein, lipid and sucrose contents and correlations among these three classes of seed components were determined. Protein, lipid and sucrose levels ranged in accessions from 48.6 to 57.0, 9.0 to 14.3 and 1.24 to 3.53%, respectively. Average levels of protein, lipid and sucrose in the accessions were 54, 11 and 2.5%, respectively. High negative correlations were observed between the protein and lipid contents, and the protein and sucrose contents. Mean levels of the three constituents were compared among collection sites classified by climatic conditions. The total protein content of accessions from regions with a high annual mean temperature was high. The protein content of accessions from the II-1 region was higher than those from the III-3 region, and the sucrose content from the II-1 region was lower than those from regions III-2 and IV-3. The lipid content of plants from the II-1 region was lower than those from other regions, and the accessions in region II had a higher protein content and lower sucrose and lipid contents than the other regions. These results provide diverse and wide-ranged protein, lipid and sucrose contents information of Japanese wild soybean resources according to climatic region; thus, providing a foundation for the future development and selection of new soybean varieties with desired traits in global environmental changes.

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43

Hua, Ze Tian, Yi Ding, Fang Wang, and Qin Zhang. "Study on Protein Components and Microstructure of the Japonica Restorer Line M119 with High Protein Content." Applied Mechanics and Materials 140 (November 2011): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.441.

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A japonica restorer line (named m119) with extremely high protein content was bred successfully, whose protein content (wet base) reached 13.30%±0.19% in brown rice. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the proportion of glutelin to total protein content increased to 71.77% in m119 compared with CK. The fracture of m119 grain was rough compared with CK, which might bring about negative influence to cooking and eating quality. However, there was no significant difference of endosperm cell in size, shape and distribution compared with CK. The increase of protein content in brown rice was neither proportion nor synchronization; The axis of japonica rice grain was nearly at the center and close to the ventral part of the grain fracture observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which was associated with the distribution of vascular bundles transporting nutrition to the grain. The proportion of smooth to rough surface in soaked grain fracture had certain correlation with protein content and cooking and eating quality.

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Wang, Tao, Seung Woo Jeon, U. Suk Jung, Min Jeong Kim, and Hong Gu Lee. "l-Lactate Dehydrogenase B Chain Associated with Milk Protein Content in Dairy Cows." Animals 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070442.

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This study aimed to explore genes associated with milk protein content in dairy cows and their relationships with l-leucine. Ten primiparous Holstein cows (93.8 ± 11.56 milking days) fed the same diet were divided into two groups depending on their milk protein contents (group High, 3.34 ± 0.10%; and group Low, 2.86 ± 0.05%). Milk epithelial cells (MECs) were isolated from the collected morning milk and differentially expressed proteins in MECs were explored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Then, the mRNA expression of these proteins was detected by real time PCR in MAC-T cells incubated with three different media named positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and l-leucine depletion (NO-leu). Results showed that ten proteins were differentially expressed in MECs from cows in group High. They included seven down-regulated ones (heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78), l-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (LDH-B), malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic (MDH1), annexin I (ANXA1), cytokeratin-7 (CK-7), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)), and three up-regulated ones (prohibitin (PHB), beta casein (CSN2), and alpha S1 casein (CSN1S1)). When l-leucine was depleted from the medium, not only proteins content was lowered (p < 0.05), but also the LDH-B mRNA expression was decreased in MAC-T cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LDH-B is negatively associated with the milk protein content of dairy cows and has a positive association with l-leucine.

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45

Johansson, M., O. Placha, J. Pickova, A. Andrén, G. Zamaratskaia, E. Spörndly, and M. Åkerstedt. "Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk." Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, No. 7 (July 8, 2013): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6860-cjas.

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Two concentrates, one protein-rich and one based on cereals, were combined with two silages with a crude protein content of 17 and 13% of dry matter (DM), respectively to give four different diets for dairy cows. Milk content of caseins (αS1-, αS2-, β-, and κ-casein) and whey proteins (α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG)) and the fatty acid profile of milk were analyzed before the start and on four occasions during the experiment. Milk analyses showed that diet had no influence on the protein profile of the milk. However, a significant increase of α-linolenic acid, 13 and 39%, was obtained on the high protein concentrate feed and on the silage higher in crude protein, respectively. Cows on the protein-rich concentrate diet increased the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid by 53%. Linoleic acid was not affected by the diet.

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46

Каширских, Егор, Egor Kashirskich, Ольга Бабич, Olga Babich, Ольга Кригер, and Olga Kriger. "Production Technology for Oat Protein with Advanced Physicochemical, Functional, and Technological Properties." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 49, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2019-2-216-226.

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The current intensive industrialization has changed the food preferences of consumers. As a result, there is a growing demand for high-grade high-nutritional meat and dairy products, which, in its turn, triggered an increase in the demand for grain crops and led to higher animal feed prices. All these affected the price and quality of the finished product, since farms are trying to stay profitable. As a consequence, the high cost of animal proteins make producers look for other sources of protein with similar qualities. Common oat (Avena sativa L.) remains the most cultivated species. Oats are a source of high-quality protein with an optimal amino acid balance. The paper features a oat protein technology (Avena sativa). The research defined the parameters of the protein extraction process. For acid and alkaline methods, the following optimum parameters were revealed: temperature – 40 ± 2°C, hydraulic module – 1:10, time – 90 minutes, active acidity of the acid extraction – 2.0 units, active acidity of alkaline extraction – 9.0 units. The authors managed to obtain protein substances with the molecular weight > 50 kDa. The optimal parameters of ultrafiltration of the protein extract were as follows: pore diameter = 100 kDa at pH 8.0 and 0.5 MPa. The ultrafiltration conducted under these conditions showed that the content of high molecular fractions (globulins and albumins) increased from 39.12% to 55.15% for the extract obtained by alkaline method, whereas the content of low molecular weight fractions (prolamins and glutelins) decreased from 60.88% to 44.85%. Ultrafiltration of protein extracts obtained by alkaline and acidic methods made it possible to concentrate protein fractions with a molecular weight ≥ 50 kDa. When a 10% aqueous solution of succinic acid was used as a precipitator, the protein precipitation degree equaled 89.3%. The paper introduces a new oat protein purification method. The optimal multiplicity of purification by RP-HPLC was 4 purification cycles. For the alkaline extract, the total content of high molecular weight fractions (50.0–120.0 kDa) was 72.7% and the total content of low molecular weight fractions (15.0–49.0 kDa) was 27.3%. For the acid extract, the total content of high molecular weight fractions was 72.9%, while the content of low molecular weight fractions was 27.1%. Oat proteins obtained by alkaline and acid extraction demonstrated a high foaming ability (148–177%) at pH = 6.0–9.0, as well as a good fat and water retention capacity. The oat proteins were found to have a high content of protein and essential amino acids similar to animal proteins. A comparative analysis showed that oat protein can act as an alternative substitute for animal proteins.

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Qingyan Au, Prim Kanchanastit, Jack R. Barber, Shi Chung Ng, and Bin Zhang. "High-Content Image-Based Screening for Small-Molecule Chaperone Amplifiers in Heat Shock." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 13, no. 10 (November 17, 2008): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057108326538.

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Heat shock proteins represent the major elements of the cellular stress response that protects cells from diseases caused by protein misfolding. Small-molecule amplifiers of heat shock proteins have shown promising results in several animal models, demonstrating the potential importance of such compounds for therapeutics. The expression of many heat shock proteins is controlled by HSF1, which forms stress granules in the nucleus when transcriptionally activated. Activation of the cellular stress also correlates with the translocation of HSP70 into nucleoli. The authors have developed an image-based, multiparametric assay to simultaneously monitor the effects of compounds on HSF1/HSP70 stress granule formation in heat-shocked Hela cells. High-content screening of the compound library was performed with a Z′ of 0.62, demonstrating a highly robust assay for large-scale screening. The resulting hits showed prolonged amplification of HSP70 induction in heat-stressed cells but no effects in cells without stress. Treatment of cells with selected hits exhibited significant cytoprotection from both oxygen glucose deprivation and rotenone-induced stresses. Thus, high-content screening of HSF1/HSP70 amplifiers provides a practical opportunity for clinical therapeutics targeting protein misfolding diseases. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:953-959)

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48

Milligan, Graeme. "High-content assays for ligand regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors." Drug Discovery Today 8, no. 13 (July 2003): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02738-7.

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49

Matthews, Daniel R., Gilbert O. Fruhwirth, Gregory Weitsman, Leo M. Carlin, Enyinnaya Ofo, Melanie Keppler, Paul R. Barber, et al. "A Multi-Functional Imaging Approach to High-Content Protein Interaction Screening." PLoS ONE 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2012): e33231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033231.

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50

Singh, Jaswinder, Peter J. Sharp, and John H. Skerritt. "A new candidate protein for high lysine content in wheat grain." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81, no. 2 (2000): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(20010115)81:2<216::aid-jsfa794>3.0.co;2-x.

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