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Статті в журналах з теми "High attention"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Tipura, Eda, Olivier Renaud, and Alan J. Pegna. "Attention shifting and subliminal cueing under high attentional load." NeuroReport 30, no. 18 (December 2019): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000001349.

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2

L. López, Pablo, and Tatiana Testa. "Differential Profile of High-Performance Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 10, no. 5 (March 28, 2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/238.

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Анотація:

Objective: To compare the neurocognitive profile of a subgroup of patients with ADHD who have a high academic-occupational functioning vs. patients with low functioning. Method: A total of 50 adults with ADHD, 10 with high academic-occupational functioning (ADHD/HF), 20 with low academic-occupational functioning (ADHD-LF), and 20 healthy controls were assessed with a standard neuropsychological battery. Independent sample tests and logistic regression were calculated to compare the performance of the three groups and to identify predictor variables. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the forward digits subtest between the subtypes of ADHD, but not between ADHD-HF and controls, nor between controls and ADHD-LF. In matrix reasoning subtest, significantly lower performances were registered between both ADHD groups compared to the control group. In the letter number subtest, ADHD-LF obtained a significant lower performance than the control group, but the ADHD-HF group do not differ with the other two groups. Finally, regarding to the binary logistic regression analysis, it could be observed that the only variable that best predicted belonging to these groups has been forward digits, which according to the data of the model would be a protection factor. Conclusion: The profile of patients with high socio-occupational performance was characterized by a better conservation of working memory and the capacity for sustained attention, and a lower tendency to distraction.

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3

Lin, Wen-Chieh, and Zhi-Cheng Yan. "Attention-based high dynamic range imaging." Visual Computer 27, no. 6-8 (April 19, 2011): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-011-0578-7.

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4

Wilding, Martin C. "High pressure melts receive attention at workshop." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 79, no. 22 (June 2, 1998): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98eo00199.

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5

Shioiri, S., M. Ogawa, K. Matsubara, and H. Yaguchi. "Effect of attention at high temporal frequencies." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.501.

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6

Toro, Juan M., Scott Sinnett, and Salvador Soto-Faraco. "Generalizing linguistic structures under high attention demands." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37, no. 2 (2011): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022056.

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7

Prinet, Julie C., and Nadine B. Sarter. "The Effects of High Stress on Attention." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59, no. 1 (September 2015): 1530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591331.

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8

An, Xin, Getong Tao, Xinjuan Zhang, Hailin Ma, and Yan Wang. "Attention Network Changes of High-Altitude Migrants." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6061.2022.

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Анотація:

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to explore whether there are changes in the alerting, orienting, and executive network efficiencies of attention function between high altitude immigrants and low altitude residents.METHODS: Event-related potentials (ERP) were acquired during an attention network test (ANT). The high-altitude (HA) group comprised 22 college student immigrants who were born and raised at low altitudes and had lived at a HA (11,975 ft/3650 m) for 26 mo (tests were conducted when they returned to HA for 3 mo). The low-altitude (LA) group comprised 23 college students who had never visited HA areas before.RESULTS: Compared with the LA group, the HA group had a higher pulse rate, lower oxygen saturation level, and decreased alerting and orienting effects in the behavioral results. The ERP results of the HA group showed a smaller P1 in the occipital area, a larger N1 both in the parietal and occipital areas of the alerting network, and a smaller P1 and larger N1 in the orienting network than the LA group. In the executive control network, the N2 amplitude of the HA group was more negative and the P3 amplitude of the HA group decreased in incongruent conditions.DISCUSSION: Together, these findings suggest that high-altitude migrants are less effective at alerting and orienting than low-altitude residents. For executive control function, changes in the P3 amplitudes of incongruent conditions indicated a decrease in conflict inhibition underlying the executive-control network.An X, Tao G, Zhang X, Ma H, Wang Y. Attention network changes of high-altitude migrants. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(11):791–799.

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9

Lee, Joonyeol, and John H. R. Maunsell. "The Effect of Attention on Neuronal Responses to High and Low Contrast Stimuli." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (August 2010): 960–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01019.2009.

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Анотація:

It remains unclear how attention affects the tuning of individual neurons in visual cerebral cortex. Some observations suggest that attention preferentially enhances responses to low contrast stimuli, whereas others suggest that attention proportionally affects responses to all stimuli. Resolving how attention affects responses to different stimuli is essential for understanding the mechanism by which it acts. To explore the effects of attention on stimuli of different contrasts, we recorded from individual neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of rhesus monkeys while shifting their attention between preferred and nonpreferred stimuli within their receptive fields. This configuration results in robust attentional modulation that makes it possible to readily distinguish whether attention acts preferentially on low contrast stimuli. We found no evidence for greater enhancement of low contrast stimuli. Instead, the strong attentional modulations were well explained by a model in which attention proportionally enhances responses to stimuli of all contrasts. These data, together with observations on the effects of attention on responses to other stimulus dimensions, suggest that the primary effect of attention in visual cortex may be to simply increase the strength of responses to all stimuli by the same proportion.

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10

COSWAY, R., M. BYRNE, R. CLAFFERTY, A. HODGES, E. GRANT, J. MORRIS, S. S. ABUKMEIL, et al. "Sustained attention in young people at high risk for schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 2 (February 2002): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701005050.

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Background. Sustained attention has been found to be impaired in individuals suffering from schizophrenia and their close relatives. This has led to the hypothesis that impaired sustained attention is an indicator of vulnerability to schizophrenia.Methods. The Edinburgh High Risk Study used the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP) to assess sustained attention in 127 high risk participants, 30 controls and 15 first-episode schizophrenic patients. A second assessment was completed by 59 high risk and 18 control participants 18 months to 2 years after the first.Results. No differences in attentional capacity were found between the high risk and control groups and there was no association between genetic liability to schizophrenia and poor performance on the CPT-IP. Additionally, no association between occurrence of psychotic symptoms in the high risk group and impaired attentional capacity was found.Conclusions. The results suggest that deficits in sustained attention are not indicative of a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, and are not associated with the occurrence of psychotic symptoms.

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11

Choi, Sungil, Jaehoon Cho, Wonil Song, Jihwan Choe, Jisung Yoo, and Kwanghoon Sohn. "Pyramid Inter-Attention for High Dynamic Range Imaging." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 5102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185102.

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This paper proposes a novel approach to high-dynamic-range (HDR) imaging of dynamic scenes to eliminate ghosting artifacts in HDR images when in the presence of severe misalignment (large object or camera motion) in input low-dynamic-range (LDR) images. Recent non-flow-based methods suffer from ghosting artifacts in the presence of large object motion. Flow-based methods face the same issue since their optical flow algorithms yield huge alignment errors. To eliminate ghosting artifacts, we propose a simple yet effective alignment network for solving the misalignment. The proposed pyramid inter-attention module (PIAM) performs alignment of LDR features by leveraging inter-attention maps. Additionally, to boost the representation of aligned features in the merging process, we propose a dual excitation block (DEB) that recalibrates each feature both spatially and channel-wise. Exhaustive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PIAM and DEB, achieving state-of-the-art performance in terms of producing ghost-free HDR images.

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12

Woods, David L., and Claude Alain. "Feature processing during high-rate auditory selective attention." Perception & Psychophysics 53, no. 4 (July 1993): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03206782.

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13

Adesman, Andrew, and Francine Scaffidi. "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and High Intelligence Quotient." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 32, no. 4 (May 2011): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0b013e3182176ea5.

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14

Dosher, B. A., and Z. L. Lu. "Attention in High Precision Tasks and Perceptual Learning." Journal of Vision 10, no. 7 (August 2, 2010): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.13.

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15

Stark, Mary Ann. "Directed Attention in Normal and High‐Risk Pregnancy." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 35, no. 2 (March 2006): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2006.00035.x.

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16

Liu, Zhining, Weiyi Liu, Pin-Yu Chen, Chenyi Zhuang, and Chengyun Song. "hpGAT: High-Order Proximity Informed Graph Attention Network." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 123002–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2938039.

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17

Ford, Carol E., William E. Pelham, and Alan O. Ross. "Selective Attention Deficits in High Test Anxious Children." Journal of Learning Disabilities 18, no. 1 (January 1985): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221948501800103.

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18

Martin, Jean-Rémy, Jérôme Sackur, and Zoltan Dienes. "Attention or instruction: Do sustained attentional abilities really differ between high and low hypnotisable persons?" Psychological Research 82, no. 4 (March 7, 2017): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-017-0850-1.

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19

Faugeras, Frédéric, and Lionel Naccache. "Dissociating temporal attention from spatial attention and motor response preparation: A high-density EEG study." NeuroImage 124 (January 2016): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.051.

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20

Sokhadze, E. M., B. Hillard, M. Eng, A. S. El-Baz, A. Tasman, and L. Sears. "ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC BIOFEEDBACK IMPROVES FOCUSED ATTENTION IN ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 12, no. 2 (April 28, 2013): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2013-2-182-194.

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EEG biofeedback (so called neurofeedback) is considered as an efficacious treatment for ADHD. We propose that operant conditioning of EEG in neurofeedback training mode, aimed to mitigate inattention and low arousal in ADHD, will be accompanied by changes in EEG bands' relative power. Patients were 18 children diagnosed with ADHD. The neurofeedback protocol (“Focus/Alertness” by Peak Achievement Trainer, Neurotek, KY) used to train patients has focused attention training procedure, which according to specifications, represents wide band EEG amplitude suppression training. Quantitative EEG analysis was completed on each of 25 min long twelve sessions to determine the relative power of each of the EEG bands of interest throughout each session, and from the first session to the last session. Additional statistical analysis was performed to determine significant changes in relative power within sessions (from minute 1 to minute 25), and between sessions (from session 1 to session 12) for an individual patient. We performed analysis of relative power of Theta, Alpha, Low and High Beta, Theta/Alpha, Theta/Beta, and Theta/Low Beta and Theta/High Beta ratios. We performed also analysis between the “Focus”measure and changes in relative power of above EEG rhythms and their ratios. Additional secondary measures of patients’ post-neurofeedback outcomes were assessed using an audio-visual selective attention test (IVA + Plus) and behavioral evaluation scores from Aberrant Behavior Checklist. We found that, as expected, Theta/Low Beta and Theta/Alpha ratios decreased significantly from Session 1 to Session 12 and from minute 1 to minute 25 within sessions. The ‘Focus” measure of protocol showed high negative correlation with both Theta/Alpha and Theta/Beta ratios. The findings regarding EEG changes resulting from self-regulation training along with behavioral evaluations will help in elucidation of neural mechanisms of neurofeedback aimed to improve focused attention and alertness in ADHD.

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21

Telles, Shirley, P. Raghuraj, Dhananjay Arankalle, and KV Naveen. "Immediate effect of high-frequency yoga breathing on attention." Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 62, no. 1 (2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5359.38919.

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22

Castano Garcia, Alvaro, Aimee Ambrose, Anna Hawkins, and Stephen Parkes. "High consumption, an unsustainable habit that needs more attention." Energy Research & Social Science 80 (October 2021): 102241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102241.

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23

MCDANIEL, M. A., D. C. HOWARD, and K. M. BUTLER. "Implementation intentions facilitate prospective memory under high attention demands." Memory & Cognition 36, no. 4 (June 1, 2008): 716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/mc.36.4.716.

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24

Bakhshani, Nour-Mohammad. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and High Risk Behaviors." International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction 2, no. 1 (June 26, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.12817.

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25

Ling, Zhao. "China's First Report on Petitions Attracts High-Level Attention." Contemporary Chinese Thought 46, no. 1 (October 2014): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-1467460106.

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26

Kang, Byeongkeun, and Yeejin Lee. "High-Resolution Neural Network for Driver Visual Attention Prediction." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072030.

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Driving is a task that puts heavy demands on visual information, thereby the human visual system plays a critical role in making proper decisions for safe driving. Understanding a driver’s visual attention and relevant behavior information is a challenging but essential task in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and efficient autonomous vehicles (AV). Specifically, robust prediction of a driver’s attention from images could be a crucial key to assist intelligent vehicle systems where a self-driving car is required to move safely interacting with the surrounding environment. Thus, in this paper, we investigate a human driver’s visual behavior in terms of computer vision to estimate the driver’s attention locations in images. First, we show that feature representations at high resolution improves visual attention prediction accuracy and localization performance when being fused with features at low-resolution. To demonstrate this, we employ a deep convolutional neural network framework that learns and extracts feature representations at multiple resolutions. In particular, the network maintains the feature representation with the highest resolution at the original image resolution. Second, attention prediction tends to be biased toward centers of images when neural networks are trained using typical visual attention datasets. To avoid overfitting to the center-biased solution, the network is trained using diverse regions of images. Finally, the experimental results verify that our proposed framework improves the prediction accuracy of a driver’s attention locations.

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27

Kang, Olivia E., Katherine E. Huffer, and Thalia P. Wheatley. "Pupil Dilation Dynamics Track Attention to High-Level Information." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 27, 2014): e102463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102463.

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28

Berkout, Olga V., and Alan M. Gross. "Treating Attention Maintained Behavior in a High School Student." Clinical Case Studies 12, no. 4 (June 13, 2013): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650113491310.

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29

RUFF, HOLLY A. "Attention and Organization of Behavior in High-Risk Infants." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 7, no. 5 (October 1986): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-198610000-00004.

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30

Bisserbe, J. C., E. De Rosa, J. P. Mialet, P. Boyer, and J. P. Boulenger. "VISUAL ATTENTION IN LOW AND HIGH ANXIETY TRAIT SUBJECTS." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 571B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-01113.

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31

Jin, Yu, and Claus C. Hilgetag. "Perturbation of visuospatial attention by high-frequency offline rTMS." Experimental Brain Research 189, no. 1 (June 19, 2008): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1449-y.

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32

Alsius, Agnès, Jordi Navarra, Ruth Campbell, and Salvador Soto-Faraco. "Audiovisual Integration of Speech Falters under High Attention Demands." Current Biology 15, no. 9 (May 2005): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.046.

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33

Williams, Marc O., Andrew Mathews, and Colette R. Hirsch. "Verbal worry facilitates attention to threat in high-worriers." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 45, no. 1 (March 2014): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.05.006.

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34

Mancevska, Sanja, Jasmina Pluncevic-Gligoroska, Beti Dejanova, Suncica Petrovska, and Liljana Bozinovska. "Attention and learning in medical students with high anxiety." Neuroscience Letters 500 (July 2011): e46-e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.204.

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35

Winges, Kimberly M., Ursula Zarpellon, Chuan Hou, and William V. Good. "Delayed Visual Attention Caused by High Myopic Refractive Error." Strabismus 13, no. 2 (January 2005): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09273970590935066.

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36

Shin, Sungho, Joosoon Lee, Junseok Lee, Seungjun Choi, and Kyoobin Lee. "Low-Resolution Image Classification Using Knowledge Distillation From High-Resolution Image Via Self-Attention Map." Journal of KIISE 47, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 1027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/jok.2020.47.11.1027.

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37

Tipura, Eda, and Alan J. Pegna. "Subliminal emotional faces do not capture attention under high attentional load in a randomized trial presentation." Visual Cognition 30, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2022.2060397.

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38

Otomo, Kazunori, Mayumi Ueno, Takaji Matsushima, and Yoshihiko Tanno. "Selective Attention in the Dot-probe Paradigm and Difficulty to Disengage Attention among High Anxious People." Japanese Journal of Personality 16, no. 2 (2008): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2132/personality.16.253.

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39

Störmer, Viola, Michael Cohen, and George Alvarez. "Tuning attention to high-level objects: Spatially global effects of attention to faces in visual processing." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.927.

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40

Yang, Yadong, Xiaofeng Wang, Quan Zhao, and Tingting Sui. "Two-Level Attentions and Grouping Attention Convolutional Network for Fine-Grained Image Classification." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 11, 2019): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091939.

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The focus of fine-grained image classification tasks is to ignore interference information and grasp local features. This challenge is what the visual attention mechanism excels at. Firstly, we have constructed a two-level attention convolutional network, which characterizes the object-level attention and the pixel-level attention. Then, we combine the two kinds of attention through a second-order response transform algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a clustering-based grouping attention model, which implies the part-level attention. The grouping attention method is to stretch all the semantic features, in a deeper convolution layer of the network, into vectors. These vectors are clustered by a vector dot product, and each category represents a special semantic. The grouping attention algorithm implements the functions of group convolution and feature clustering, which can greatly reduce the network parameters and improve the recognition rate and interpretability of the network. Finally, the low-level visual features and high-level semantic information are merged by a multi-level feature fusion method to accurately classify fine-grained images. We have achieved good results without using pre-training networks and fine-tuning techniques.

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41

Pudło, Monika, and Ewa Pisula. "The relationship between gestures and non-verbal communication and attentional processing in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 3 (January 2018): 239694151878713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941518787139.

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Background and aims The links between gestures and various attentional processes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have not been studied sufficiently. Previous studies have highlighted the impact of orienting attention on the efficacy of gestures without exploring the influence of alerting and top–down attentional processes. The aim of the present study was to explore the links between attentional processes and indicators of descriptive, conventional and emotional gestures as well as other aspects of nonverbal communication in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder ( N = 46). Methods The attention network test and colour trails test were used to measure attentional processes, whereas descriptive, conventional and emotional gestures were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the autism diagnostic interview . Analysis showed a significant correlation between gestures with alerting, orienting and executive attention. Conclusions The relevant structural equation model revealed that attentional processes have an impact on gestures, but gestures do not have an impact on attentional processes. Emotional gestures are linked to alerting. Spatial-visual search was related to facial expression and the integration of nonverbal communication with behaviour. There was no significant interaction between executive attention and gestures. Implications The obtained results are discussed with reference both to gesture development and studies on attention in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

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42

Kazharskaya, Olga N., and Oksana A. Kondrashikhina. "Psychological training as a method to develop attentional characteristics in high-class athletes in rifle shooting and clay target shooting." Perspectives of Science and Education 57, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.3.30.

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Анотація:

Attentional properties are an important component of the success of the sporting activity of the shooting athlete. Scientific works present the results of the development of athletes’ attentional abilities. However, studies concerning the development of attention characteristics specifically in shooting athletes are very scarce. Besides, effective programs of complex training work on the psychological preparation of an athlete, based on multifunctional approaches aimed at the development of the cognitive sphere of a shooter’s personality, are insufficiently described. The aim of the article is to study the possibilities of psychological training as a method of developing attentional characteristics in high-class athletes in rifle shooting and clay target shooting. Twenty-seven shooting athletes of the Klimenko School of Olympic Reserve in Shooting (Simferopol) took part in the formative experiment. Diagnostic study was based on the following methods: B. Bourdon’s proof test, Schulte tables, Gorbov-Schulte tables, H. Münsterberg test. To analyze the differences in the athletes’ attention characteristics before and after the training program implementation the nonparametric Fisher’s criterion and the Wilcoxon’s criterion methods of mathematical statistics were used. Verification of differences in attentional characteristics of athletes before and after the implementation of training allowed obtaining statistically significant differences in the following characteristics of attention: the number of athletes with a high level of attention concentration increased (φe=1.723, р≤0.05); the scope of attention increased (Temp = 26.5, р≤0.001) and the percentage of athletes with a sufficient rate of sensorimotor reactions increased (φe=1.928, р≤0.05); the proportion of athletes with above-average and high levels of attention switching increased (φe=1.645*, р≤0.05); the level of attention selectivity increased (Тemp=23, р≤0.005). Changes in attention indicators of athletes before and after training showed the effectiveness of the training program. Thus, one of the perspective directions of increase of attentional characteristics of athletes in rifle shooting and clay target shooting is introduction of attention development to the process of preparation of psychological training which allows improving cognitive, operational new formations, giving the chance to the sportsman to show high level of concentration, the ability to switch attention, scope and stability of attention in a difficult situation of preparation and competition.

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43

Luo, Yu, Jiarong Zhou, Wei Bao, Jing Qiu, Jingqing Nian, and Yu Zhang. "Working memory content guides attention." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 15 (January 2021): 183449092110347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18344909211034752.

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Previous studies showed that working memory (WM) content can guide attention; however, whether working memory capacity (WMC) and state anxiety could affect this remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of WMC and state anxiety on attention guided by WM content. Participants with high and low WMC were assigned to either a neutral or an anxiety condition. They were asked to perform a modified change detection task with irrelevant singletons while their event-related potentials were recorded. N2pc and Pd were observed in the low-WMC and anxiety group, and Pd was observed in both the high-WMC and anxiety and the high-WMC and control groups, whereas neither N2pc nor Pd was found in the low-WMC and control group. These findings suggest that attention is guided or suppressed by WM content, depending on the WMC and anxiety level of the individual. This study provides a new perspective on WM content-guided attention.

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44

Salomone, Simona, Grainne R. Fleming, Jessica Bramham, Redmond G. O’Connell, and Ian H. Robertson. "Neuropsychological Deficits in Adult ADHD: Evidence for Differential Attentional Impairments, Deficient Executive Functions, and High Self-Reported Functional Impairments." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 10 (January 14, 2016): 1413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715623045.

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Objective: This study is aimed to investigate neuropsychological deficits in adult ADHD. Method: Neuropsychological deficits in terms of executive functions, divided, selective, and sustained attention, were investigated in a group of adults with ADHD using a series of neuropsychological tests as well as electroencephalography (EEG). Subjective ratings of everyday life attention and memory problems were also collected. Results: Adults with ADHD showed impairments in executive functions, divided attention and sustained attention, compared with adult controls. Performance on selective attention tasks in adults with ADHD was instead no different from control participants’ performance. EEG results confirmed neuropsychological findings by showing a selective impairment on P3 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude indicative of sustained attention deficits. Higher subjective ratings of everyday attentional and memory problems were also found in the ADHD group compared with the control group. Conclusion: This pattern of results suggests differential impairments of attentional skills. Impaired executive functions and higher subjective functional impairments were also found.

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45

Werthmann, J. A., A. Roefs, C. Nederkoorn, A. Jansen, Karin Mogg, and Brendan Bradley. "Attention bias, craving and overeating: Do not pay attention to high fat foods for a healthy weight." Appetite 57, no. 2 (October 2011): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.044.

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46

Burr, David, Giovanni Anobile, and Marco Turi. "Adaptation Affects Both High and Low (Subitized) Numbers Under Conditions of High Attentional Load." Seeing and Perceiving 24, no. 2 (2011): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847511x570097.

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AbstractIt has recently been reported that, like most sensory systems, numerosity is subject to adaptation. However, the effect seemed to be limited to numerosity estimation outside the subitizing range. In this study we show that low numbers, clearly in the subitizing range, are adaptable under conditions of high attentional load. These results support the idea that numerosity is detected by a perceptual mechanism that operates over the entire range of numbers, supplemented by an attention-based system for small numbers (subitizing).

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47

Hou, Chuan, and Spero Nicholas. "High-attention demand training enhances attentional modulation of V1 and intraparietal sulcus in human adults with amblyopia." Journal of Vision 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.11.634.

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48

Du Plessis, A. M. E. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." South African Family Practice 57, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v57i3.4268.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioural disorder that compromises the core symptoms of developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Many patients are still not diagnosed, or do not receive appropriate sustained treatment, in spite of a general greater awareness of the disorder. With such a high prevalence, the clinician needs to be well-informed about the presentation, treatment and challenges associated with this complex disorder.

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49

Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, and Shiori Tamada. "Social Attention Promotes Partner Intimacy." Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 7, no. 1 (June 18, 2016): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2016.45.

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Social animals develop intimate bonds with their social partners. However, bond formation entails the risk of being exploited by partners. Previous studies have shown that people monitor partner attention to themselves to assess commitment to the relationship. Accordingly, a partner’s social attention promotes the receiver’s intimacy with the partner. This study expanded previous finding by manipulating partner attention in a naturalistic manner. In particular, naïve participants were assigned to one of two roles (i.e., signal Sender and Receiver) in the laboratory. Receiver first wrote a self-instruction essay, and Sender read it under either of two instructions: to pay close attention to the content of the essay (the high attention condition) or to some peripheral aspects of the essay (the low attention condition). After reading the essay, Sender’s memory of the essay was assessed. Naturally, Sender recalled it more accurately in the high attention condition. Knowing Sender’s accuracy, Receiver reported a sense of intimacy toward Sender. Receiver’s intimacy was higher in the high attention condition than in the low attention condition. Therefore, this study confirmed that paying attention to a partner, which translates to accurate understanding of the partner, promotes the intimacy in the partner.

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Mock, Vanessa L., Kimberly L. Luke, Jacqueline R. Hembrook-Short, and Farran Briggs. "Phase shifts in high-beta- and low-gamma-band local field potentials predict the focus of visual spatial attention." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 799–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00469.2018.

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The local field potential (LFP) contains rich information about activity in local neuronal populations. However, it has been challenging to establish direct links between LFP modulations and task-relevant behavior or cognitive processes, such as attention. We sought to determine whether LFP amplitude or phase modulations are predictive of the allocation of visual spatial attention. LFPs were recorded simultaneously in multiple early visual brain structures of alert macaque monkeys performing attention-demanding detection and discrimination tasks. Attention directed toward the receptive field of recorded neurons generated systematically larger phase shifts in high-beta- and low-gamma-frequency LFPs compared with LFP phase shifts on trials in which attention was directed away from the receptive field. This attention-mediated temporal advance corresponded to ~10 ms. LFP phase shifts also correlated with reaction times when monkeys were engaged in the tasks. Importantly, attentional modulation of LFP phase was consistent across monkeys, tasks, visual brain structures, and cortical layers. In contrast, attentional modulation of LFP amplitude varied across frequency bands, visual structures/layers, and tasks. Because LFP phase shifts were robust, consistent, and predictive of spatial attention, they could serve as a reliable marker for attention signals in the brain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Local field potentials (LFPs) reflect the activity of spatially localized populations of neurons. Whether alterations in LFP activity are indicative of cognitive processes, such as attention, is unclear. We found that shifts in the phase of LFPs measured in multiple visual brain areas reliably predicted the focus of spatial attention. LFP phase shifts could therefore serve as a marker for behaviorally relevant attention signals in the brain.

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