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Vendrell Ferran, Íngrid. "Emotion in the Appreciation of Fiction." Journal of Literary Theory 12, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2018-0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Why is it that we respond emotionally to plays, movies, and novels and feel moved by characters and situations that we know do not exist? This question, which constitutes the kernel of the debate on »the paradox of fiction«, speaks to the perennial themes of philosophy, and remains of interest to this day. But does this question entail a paradox? A significant group of analytic philosophers have indeed thought so. Since the publication of Colin Radford’s celebrated paper »How Can We Be Moved by the Fate of Anna Karenina?« (1975), the number of proposals to solve, explain, reformulate, dismiss or even revitalize this apparent paradox has continued to proliferate. In line with recent developments in the philosophy of emotion, in this paper I will argue against the sustainability of the paradox, claiming that the only reasonable way to continue our discussions about it consists in using it as a heuristic tool to shed light on problems regarding our involvement with fiction. Against this background, I will then focus on one of the problems related to how our emotional responses to fiction contribute to our appreciation of it. The paper is divided into three main sections. The first section shows the parallel evolution of the paradox of fiction and the analytic philosophy of emotion. Here I claim that, although the paradox is epistemically flawed, since one of its premises is rooted in a limited view on the emotions typical of early cognitivism, the discussions it provokes are still epistemically useful. As Robert Stecker (2011, 295), among others, has pointed out, the paradox was formulated during the heyday of cognitive theories of the emotions in which emotion necessarily requires belief. Today, however, only few authors would endorse this premise. If emotion does not always require belief (as the majority of authors in the contemporary debate admit), let alone belief about the existence of the object towards which it is directed, then there is no reason to speak of a paradox. From this first conclusion, however, it does not follow that the paradox is completely without use from the epistemic point of view. A glimpse at the topics touched on during the discussions about how to solve, reformulate, or negate the paradox reveals their value in shedding light on the interrelation between emotion and fiction. The second section elaborates a phenomenologically inspired cognitive account of the emotions by focusing on their cognitive bases, their influence on cognitions, and their cognitive function. In this model, emotions are responsible for indicating values, for showing what matters to us, and for being appropriate to their objects. My claim is that this view applies not only to reality, but also to our involvement with fiction. In the final section I draw on this account to focus on one kind of appreciation of fiction which necessarily requires our emotional involvement. Following an idea put forward by Susan Feagin (1996, 1), I employ the concept of »appreciation« to refer to a set of abilities exercised with the aim of extracting value from the work. There is a long tradition in aesthetics that condemns any focus on the emotions in the appreciation of art and fiction, and defends the necessity of aesthetic appreciation without emotional influence. To refer to this negative attitude towards the emotions, I will borrow an expression coined by Susan Feagin (2013, 636), who refers to »the intellectualized view of appreciation«. Against this widespread view, I will argue that some aspects of the fiction can only be appreciated with the help of our emotions. The cognitive approach developed in the previous section can explain how the emotions might in fact play a significant role in the appreciation of art and fiction. Attention will be paid to three activities involved in appreciation, for all of which emotion is crucial: processing relevant information about the fictional world, understanding aspects of it, and becoming acquainted with the values it presents. My aim here is to argue that there are particular aspects of the fictional world that can only be appreciated if recipients have the appropriate emotions.
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Cohen, Elizabeth L. "Stars—They’re Sick Like Us! The Effects of a Celebrity Exemplar on COVID-19-Related Risk Cognitions, Emotions, and Preventative Behavioral Intentions." Science Communication 42, no. 5 (October 2020): 724–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547020960465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research on exemplification suggests that celebrity health exemplars can exert a greater influence on public risk perceptions than exemplars featuring noncelebrities. In the aftermath of actor Tom Hanks’s announcement that he tested positive for COVID-19, an online experiment compared the effects of his exemplar to an identical noncelebrity exemplar. Hanks’s disclosure increased perceptions of susceptibility to the virus. The celebrity exemplar also increased anxiety, which increased intentions to engage in preventive behavior. These findings suggest that the mere presence of celebrity might function as a cognitive and affective heuristic that guides risk-related assessment and decision making.
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Zulli, Diana, and Terri L. Towner. "The Effects of “Live,” Authentic, and Emotional Instagram Images on Congressional Candidate Evaluations." Social Media + Society 7, no. 4 (October 2021): 205630512110629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211062917.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines how Instagram’s design and norms influence expectations for political imagery and, subsequently, the effects of these images on electability, vote likelihood, and candidate evaluations. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model, we propose three norms of Instagram that likely function as heuristic cues and affect the reception of political visual communication on the platform: liveness, authenticity, and emotionality. We experimentally test these visual features on Congressional candidate images, finding some evidence that live, authentic, and emotional images positively influence vote likelihood but negatively impact electability. Results also indicate that live, authentic, and emotional images either have no or negative effects on female candidate evaluations or have no or positive effects on male candidate evaluations.
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Marinchenko, I. A., and E. V. Vasil’eva. "The stylistic devices of using onomatopoeic words in Vitaly Bianki’s works." Russian language at school 83, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2022-83-1-50-55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article explores the ways onomatopoeic words function in children’s fiction. The aim of the study is to identify the functional and stylistic distinctive features of using onomatopoeic vocabulary in Vitaly Bianki’s short stories and fairy tales. Onomatopoeic words are an important expressive means which characterises the individual style of the writer considered to be one of the founders of the Soviet nature prose. Such words reflect the author’s subjective emotional attitude to the natural world and perform important stylistic functions (figurative, characterizing, expressive, heuristic, aesthetic, and others) in his works written for children. To achieve the aim, the methods of functional and stylistic analysis were employed. As a result, the paper identifies the basic techniques exploited to actualise the onomatopoeic component of lexical units in V. V. Bianki’s prose. It has been found that the onomatopoeic usage patterns reveal the fundamentals of the naturalist writer’s view of life and his creative manner.
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Ranganathan, Kavitha. "Do personal values explain variation in satisficing measures of risk?" Management Decision 59, no. 7 (June 8, 2021): 1642–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2019-1115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe role of personal value systems as antecedents to risk has been largely ignored. Following Gigerenzer's view of ecological rationality, the authors argue an individual's personal value system serves as concrete motivations that guide risky choices and facilitate adaptation to one's environment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors elicit risk attitudes using a satisficing-based risk elicitation method that exploits the idea of worst-case aspiration or minimum portfolio returns given a portfolio comprising a safe and risky prospect. The elicited worst-case aspiration allows for more descriptive and natural ways of characterizing attitudes to risk (i.e. satisficing measures of risk). Using the Schwartz Value Survey, the authors assess the relative importance individuals place on value systems, such as personal focus versus social focus. The authors argue that preference to value systems has linkages with the worst-case aspiration setting emphasized in the satisficing task.FindingsThis study’s findings suggest that individuals who are willing to give up higher potential returns to protect their downside risk (by setting higher worst-case aspiration) are positively associated with personal focus—concern about own outcomes than social focus—concern about the outcomes for others or established institutions.Research limitations/implicationsCurrently, the study’s setting is in the domain of financial decision-making. Going forward, milestones could be set for studying risky real-world choices by simply changing the risk measure in different contexts, such as job choices, education, health and social interactions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the discussion on the psychometric structure of risk. Prescriptive benefits of satisficing as a positive heuristic, which is interpreted as setting achievable goals or aspiration levels, are extensive and recognized in various industries ranging from agriculture, airlines, insurance to financial advising. More recently, cognitive processes, such as emotions and personal value systems, are recognized as a type of social cognition that subserve heuristic functions that can guide behavior quickly and accurately.
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Lukaszewski, Aaron W., David M. G. Lewis, Patrick K. Durkee, Aaron N. Sell, Daniel Sznycer, and David M. Buss. "An Adaptationist Framework for Personality Science." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 6 (December 2020): 1151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The field of personality psychology aspires to construct an overarching theory of human nature and individual differences: one that specifies the psychological mechanisms that underpin both universal and variable aspects of thought, emotion, and behaviour. Here, we argue that the adaptationist toolkit of evolutionary psychology provides a powerful meta–theory for characterizing the psychological mechanisms that give rise to within–person, between–person, and cross–cultural variations. We first outline a mechanism–centred adaptationist framework for personality science, which makes a clear ontological distinction between (i) psychological mechanisms designed to generate behavioural decisions and (ii) heuristic trait concepts that function to perceive, describe, and influence others behaviour and reputation in everyday life. We illustrate the utility of the adaptationist framework by reporting three empirical studies. Each study supports the hypothesis that the anger programme—a putative emotional adaptation—is a behaviour–regulating mechanism whose outputs are described in the parlance of the person description factor called ‘Agreeableness’. We conclude that the most productive way forward is to build theory–based models of specific psychological mechanisms, including their culturally evolved design features, until they constitute a comprehensive depiction of human nature and its multifaceted variations. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Mahmood, Sozan Abdulla, and Qani Qabil Qasim. "Big Data Sentimental Analysis Using Document to Vector and Optimized Support Vector Machine." UHD Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v4n1y2020.pp18-28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid evolution of the internet, using social media networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr, is becoming so common that they have made a great impact on every aspect of human life. Twitter is one of the most popular micro-blogging social media that allow people to share their emotions in short text about variety of topics such as company’s products, people, politics, and services. Analyzing sentiment could be possible as emotions and reviews on different topics are shared every second, which makes social media to become a useful source of information in different fields such as business, politics, applications, and services. Twitter Application Programming Interface (Twitter-API), which is an interface between developers and Twitter, allows them to search for tweets based on the desired keyword using some secret keys and tokens. In this work, Twitter-API used to download the most recent tweets about four keywords, namely, (Trump, Bitcoin, IoT, and Toyota) with a different number of tweets. “Vader” that is a lexicon rule-based method used to categorize downloaded tweets into “Positive” and “Negative” based on their polarity, then the tweets were protected in Mongo database for the next processes. After pre-processing, the hold-out technique was used to split each dataset to 80% as “training-set” and rest 20% “testing-set.” After that, a deep learning-based Document to Vector model was used for feature extraction. To perform the classification task, Radial Bias Function kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) has been used. The accuracy of (RBF-SVM) mainly depends on the value of hyperplane “Soft Margin” penalty “C” and γ “gamma” parameters. The main goal of this work is to select best values for those parameters in order to improve the accuracy of RBF-SVM classifier. The objective of this study is to show the impacts of using four meta-heuristic optimizer algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimizer (PSO), modified PSO (MPSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and hybrid of PSO-GWO in improving SVM classification accuracy by selecting the best values for those parameters. To the best of our knowledge, hybrid PSO-GWO has never been used in SVM optimization. The results show that these optimizers have a significant impact on increasing SVM accuracy. The best accuracy of the model with traditional SVM was 87.885%. After optimization, the highest accuracy obtained with GWO is 91.053% while PSO, hybrid PSO-GWO, and MPSO best accuracies are 90.736%, 90.657%, and 90.557%, respectively.
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Vincent, Alexandre. "A History of Silences." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 72, no. 3 (September 2017): 385–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahsse.2020.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper, grounded in a critical reading of Alain Corbin’s recent History of Silence, proposes a twofold development. The first part is methodological, arguing for the necessity of studying the acoustic phenomena of the past in a way that is distinct from emotion and does not focus solely on conveying experience. The historiography of the notion of “soundscapes,” invented by musicologist Raymond Murray Schafer, is used to assess the contribution of “sound studies,” “sensory history,” and the anthropology of the senses. The heuristic capacities of this notion are emphasized, as is the need to locate it within a coherent topographical and chronological framework. The second section of the article develops a case study based on these methodological prescriptions, focusing on silence in the religious rites of ancient Rome. The acoustic frame of ritual perfection, silentium was also a category of Roman religious law and very far from the quest for interiority and spiritual life that Corbin considers a natural part of silence. An analysis of the nature and function of silence in two different rites, taking the auspices and sacrifice, confirms the need for a thorough and contextualized historical approach to acoustic phenomena: behind a unified terminology lie two radically different acoustic realities.
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Konev, A. D., E. S. Sinitsyn, and V. V. Kim. "Information theory of emotions in heuristic learning." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 18, no. 5 (September 1988): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01193887.
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Hua, Zhao. "An RFID-Enabled IoT-Based Smart Tourist Route Recommendation Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (March 19, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9866086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid development and broad deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the IoT are increasingly shifting away from “interconnection of everything” to “human-computer-thing” sensing integration. Although there are numerous sensing technologies available today, radio frequency identification (RFID) has emerged as useful medium for “passive sensing” due to its lightweight, taggable, and simple deployment properties. With the growth of social networks in recent years, it has become a significant research hotspot for the development of path suggestion systems that are tailored to the demands of individual users’ preferences. This paper considers the relevant features of interest points, integrates the user’s emotion and product similarity into the heuristic function of the ant colony algorithm, adopts the elite management ant strategy, maximizes the management ant strategy, and uses particle swarm algorithm to improve the initial pheromone distribution of the ant colony algorithm. The proposed model combines the ratings of 593 tourists and text comment information into one dataset and proposes a smart tourist route recommendation model. The improved ant colony algorithm is utilized to recommend the most popular tourist routes and recommend the tourist routes of the most popular tourist spots in the scenic area. The suggested method is more efficient in terms of accuracy and recall. The F measure value is derived from real-world dataset testing.
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Mordka, Cezary. "What are Emotions? Structure and Function of Emotions." Studia Humana 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sh-2016-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper attempts to coin a stipulative definition of “emotions” to determine their functions. In this sense, “emotion” is a complex phenomenon consisting of an accurate (reliable) determination of the state of affairs in relation to the state of the subject and specific “points of adaptation”. Apart from the cognitive aspect, this phenomenon also includes behavior, physiological changes and expressions (facial expression, voice, posture), feelings, and “execution” of emotions in the nervous system. Emotions fulfill informative, calibrating, identifying, existential, and motivating functions. Emotions capture the world as either positive or negative, important or unimportant, and are used to determine and assign weightings (to set up a kind of hierarchy). They emerge automatically (involuntarily), are difficult (or hardly possible) to control and are (to some extent) influenced by culture.
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Farb, Norman AS, Hanah A. Chapman, and Adam K. Anderson. "Emotions: form follows function." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.015.
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De Haro, Sebastian. "The heuristic function of duality." Synthese 196, no. 12 (February 5, 2018): 5169–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1708-9.
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Mellouli, O., I. Hafidi, and A. Metrane. "A modified choice function hyper-heuristic with Boltzmann function." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 8, no. 4 (2021): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2021.04.736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hyper-heuristics are a subclass of high-level research methods that function in a low-level heuristic research space. Their aim objective is to improve the level of generality for solving combinatorial optimization problems using two main components: a methodology for the heuristic selection and a move acceptance criterion, to ensure intensification and diversification [1]. Thus, rather than working directly on the problem's solutions and selecting one of them to proceed to the next step at each stage, hyper-heuristics operates on a low-level heuristic research space. The choice function is one of the hyper-heuristics that have proven their efficiency in solving combinatorial optimization problems [2–4]. At each iteration, the selection of heuristics is dependent on a score calculated by combining three different measures to guarantee both intensification and diversification for the heuristics choice process. The heuristic with the highest score is therefore chosen to be applied to the problem. Therefore, the key to the success of the choice function is to choose the correct weight parameters of its three measures. In this study, we make a state of the art in hyper-heuristic research and propose a new method that automatically controls these weight parameters based on the Boltzmann function. The results obtained from its application on five problem domains are compared with those of the standard, modified choice function proposed by Drake et al. [2,3].
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Kim, Hyo J., and Glen T. Cameron. "Emotions Matter in Crisis." Communication Research 38, no. 6 (January 10, 2011): 826–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650210385813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This experiment revealed that emotional news frames (anger-inducing vs. sadness-inducing) affect people’s emotional response to a corporate crisis such as a cell phone battery explosion accident. The distinct emotions induced by different news frames influenced individuals’ information processing (i.e., heuristic vs. systematic processing) and the evaluation of the company differently. Participants exposed to anger-inducing crisis news read the news less closely and had more negative attitudes toward the company than those exposed to sadness-inducing news. Also, emotional frames affected how individuals perceived the different types of corporate responses (relief-focused message vs. punishment-focused message; emotional appeal vs. no emotional appeal). The advantage of emotional appeals was found contingent on how the crisis was previously framed by the media. Findings demonstrate a potential for developing effective corporate response strategies in a given crisis situation, considering the type of crisis, how it has been framed by the media, the publics’ emotional responses, and the use of emotional appeals.
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Parrott, W. Gerrod. "Implications of Dysfunctional Emotions for Understanding how Emotions Function." Review of General Psychology 5, no. 3 (September 2001): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.3.180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Consensus that emotions are functional and adaptive has reached such a level that contradictory evidence is no longer seriously considered, and the complex determinants of functionality are not fully appreciated. To remedy this complacency, the author draws attention to the nontrivial amount of dysfunctional emotion in everyday life, as well as to the many long-standing philosophical and religious traditions that counsel dispassion. This exercise is useful for tempering functionalist zeal and restoring scientific skepticism. It also demonstrates that the functionality of emotions depends critically on the appraisals that give rise to emotions, the choice and control of the behaviors motivated by emotions, and the socialization and training of emotions. These parameters, whether or not they are considered part of an emotion, must be considered part of what makes emotions functional.
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Oatley, Keith, and Jennifer M. Jenkins. "Human Emotions: Function and Dysfunction." Annual Review of Psychology 43, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.000415.
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Mincu, Radu Stefan. "Heuristic Algorithm for Generalized Function Matching." Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019): 1397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.310.
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González-García, Higinio, Guillaume Martinent, and Antonia Pelegrín. "Sport emotions profiles: Relationships with burnout and coping skills among competitive athletes." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119884039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aims of the study were to identify naturally occurring competitive emotional profiles and examine whether participants from several profiles significantly differed on burnout and coping. A sample of 424 competitive athletes ( Mage = 32.38; SD = 13.16) completed a series of self-report questionnaires. Comparing the sample as a whole, cluster analyses revealed two emotional profiles: (a) High unpleasant emotions and low pleasant emotions; and (b) moderately high pleasant emotions and low unpleasant emotions. Results of MANOVAs showed significant differences across emotional profiles on burnout (emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, sport devaluation) and coping (resignation, distancing, venting emotions and mental distraction). Therefore, results suggested that an emotion profile approach offered a robust heuristic for examining emotions in a more holistic method to unpack their complex associations with key outcomes (coping, burnout) and they have implications for intervention.
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Benzonana, Pascal. "GOQUAPI : Piliers et filtres pour apprendre et aimer apprendre." Cortica 1, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2022.1944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le projet GOQUAPI met en oeuvre, dans un premier temps, une construction didactique qui intègre les quatre piliers de l’apprentissage (attention, engagement actif, retour immédiat, consolidation) en tenant compte des quatre filtres de l’attention (plaisir, inférence, mouvement et imaginaire) avec un travail sur la dimension psychosociale par le biais de certains exercices de l’outil Go-NoGo® adapté par Fahim (2020). Dans un deuxième temps, en fonction des expériences vécues et après les aménagements qui s’imposent, de construire un canevas d’élaboration de cours afin de garantir un minimum de reproductibilité et de transversalité. Les résultats préliminaires montrent que les jeunes apprenants (âgés entre 17-25) ont beaucoup apprécié l’approche neuropédagogique. Par le biais de ce projet, j’ai aussi développé l’envie de travailler plus en profondeur sur les fonctions exécutives. L’inhibition pose problème à certains jeunes qui préfèrent rester en mode heuristique et ses automatiques car ils ont encore trop souvent peur de l’échec. La flexibilité cognitive avec la capacité de « jongler » entre les tâches reste un point à travailler car elle se révèle précieuse lors de leur stage. Et la métacognition reste une fonction essentielle afin d’évoluer dans la vie de manière réflexive J’ai apprécié l’attitude des jeunes face à mes requêtes qui pouvaient dans certains cas les déstabiliser comme le remplissage de la grille d’auto-observation sur les émotions et le stress. Les échanges avec eux durant le projet m’ont fait prendre conscience de l’importance de la guidance et de la prise en considération de la théorie d’autodétermination. La gestion de conflits a été une belle expérience car il y a un pour certains un réel déclic et je suis curieux de les entendre à ce sujet dans le futur. Abstract The GOQUAPI project initially implements a didactic construction that integrates the four pillars of learning (attention, active engagement, immediate feedback, consolidation) taking into account the four filters of attention (pleasure, inference, movement and imagination) with work on the psychosocial dimension through certain exercises from the Go-NoGo® tool adapted by Fahim (2020). In a second step, depending on the experiences and after the necessary adjustments, to build a course development framework in order to guarantee a minimum of reproducibility and transversality. Preliminary results show that young learners (age 17-25) greatly appreciated the neuropedagogical approach. Through this project, I also developed the desire to work more in depth on executive functions. Inhibition is a problem for some learners who prefer to stay in heuristic mode and its automatics because they are still too often afraid of failure. Cognitive flexibility with the ability to "juggle" between tasks remains a point to work on because it proves to be invaluable during their internship. And metacognition remains an essential function in order to evolve in life in a reflective way I appreciated their attitude towards my requests which could in certain cases destabilize them, such as filling in the self-observation grid on emotions and stress. The exchanges with them during the project made me realize the importance of guidance and taking into account the theory of self-determination. Conflict management has been a great experience because for some there is a real click and I am curious to hear them on this subject in the future Keywords : Motivation, brain, education, adolescence, adolescents, school, neuroeducation, learning
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Tyszka, Tadeusz, and Tomasz Zaleskiewicz. "The strength of emotions in moral judgment and decision-making under risk." Polish Psychological Bulletin 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-012-0016-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The strength of emotions in moral judgment and decision-making under risk The focus of this paper is the role of emotions in judgments and choices associated with moral issues. Study 1 shows that depending on the strength of emotions when making a moral decision, people become sensitive to the severity and the probability of harm that their decisions can bring to others. A possible interpretation is that depending on the strength of emotions, people in their moral judgments choose to be either utilitarian or deontologist. In Study 2, following the priority heuristic model, we found that in situations in which the violation of moral norms does not evoke strong negative emotions, people are sensitive to quantitative risk parameters (probabilities and outcomes), and the decision-making process requires a relatively longer time. In moral situations in which a violation of the moral norm evokes strong emotions, decision-making is based on arguments other than quantitative risk parameters, and the process takes a shorter time.
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Yiu, Ying Fung, Jing Du, and Rabi Mahapatra. "Evolutionary Heuristic A* Search: Pathfinding Algorithm with Self-Designed and Optimized Heuristic Function." International Journal of Semantic Computing 13, no. 01 (March 2019): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x19400014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance and efficiency of A* search algorithm heavily depends on the quality of the heuristic function. Therefore, designing an optimal heuristic function becomes the primary goal of developing a search algorithm for specific domains in artificial intelligence. However, it is difficult to design a well-constructed heuristic function without careful consideration and trial-and-error, especially for complex pathfinding problems. The complexity of a heuristic function increases and becomes unmanageable to design when an increasing number of parameters are involved. Existing approaches often avoid complex heuristic function design: they either trade-off the accuracy for faster computation or taking advantage of the parallelism for better performance. The objective of this paper is to reduce the difficulty of complex heuristic function design for A* search algorithm. We aim to design an algorithm that can be automatically optimized to achieve rapid search with high accuracy and low computational cost. In this paper, we present a novel design and optimization method for a Multi-Weighted-Heuristics function (MWH) named Evolutionary Heuristic A* search (EHA*) to: (1) minimize the effort on heuristic function design via Genetic Algorithm (GA), (2) optimize the performance of A* search and its variants including but not limited to WA* and MHA*, and (3) guarantee the completeness and optimality. EHA* algorithm enables high performance searches and significantly simplifies the processing of heuristic design. We apply EHA* to multiple grid-based pathfinding benchmarks to evaluate the performance. Our experiment result shows that EHA* (1) is capable of choosing an accurate heuristic function that provides an optimal solution, (2) can identify and eliminate inefficient heuristics, (3) is able to automatically design multi-heuristics function, and (4) minimizes both the time and space complexity.
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Dang-Quang, Nhat-Minh, and Myungsik Yoo. "Optimized placement of symmetrical service function chain in network function virtualization." Computer Science and Information Systems, no. 00 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis210920006d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Network function virtualization (NFV) is one of the key technology enablers for actualizing 5G networks. With NFV, virtual network functions (VNFs) are linked together as a service function chain (SFC), which provides network functionality for the customer on demand. However, how to efficiently find a suitable placement for VNFs regarding the given objectives is an extremely difficult issue. The existing approaches assume that the SFC has a simple and asymmetrical pattern that is unsuitable to modeling a real system. We address this limitation by studying a VNF placement optimization problem with symmetrical SFCs that can support both symmetric and asymmetric traffic flows. This NP-hard problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. An iterative greedy-based heuristic is proposed to overcome the complexity of the MILP model. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed heuristic can obtain a near-optimal solution compared to MILP for a small-scale network, and at the same time, is superior to a traditional heuristic for a large-scale network.
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Vartanyan, G. A., and E. S. Petrov. "The reinforcing function of the emotions." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 23, no. 5 (September 1993): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01183005.
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Revord, Julia, Kate Sweeny, and Sonja Lyubomirsky. "Categorizing the function of positive emotions." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 39 (June 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.001.
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LEE, DEMING, A. S. BOUJARWAH, and MOIEZ A. TAPIA. "A heuristic method for boolean function reduction." International Journal of Electronics 74, no. 1 (January 1993): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219308925815.
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Koshino, Makoto, Tadashi Okamine, Haruhiko Kimura, and Sadaki Hirose. "Improving heuristic function of cost-based abduction system using real-time heuristic search." Systems and Computers in Japan 35, no. 6 (2004): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.10254.
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Bilandzic, Helena, Susanne Kinnebrock, and Magdalena Klingler. "The Emotional Effects of Science Narratives: A Theoretical Framework." Media and Communication 8, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i1.2602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stories have long been discussed as a tool to make science accessible to the public. The potential of stories to stimulate emotions in their audiences makes them an emotional communication strategy <em>par excellence</em>. While studies exist that test the effects of stories in science communication on the one hand and the effects of emotions on the other hand, there is no systematic elaboration of the mechanisms through which stories in science communication evoke emotions and how these emotions influence outcomes such as knowledge gain and attitude change. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework of the “Emotional Effects of Science Narratives” (EESN-Model), which includes a typology of emotions likely to arise from reading science communication as well as mechanisms for each of the emotions to evoke the (desired) outcomes. The model serves as a heuristic to delineate the emotional effects of narratives in science coverage and will help guide research in this domain to provide a deeper understanding of the role of emotion in science news.
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Kuśpit, Małgorzata. "Creative attitude and understanding of emotions by artistically-gifted students." Polish Journal of Applied Psychology 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjap-2015-0072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between creative attitude and the understanding of emotions by artistically-gifted students. The study used the Creative Behaviour Questionnaire (KANH) by S. Popek and the Emotion Understanding Test (EUT) by A. Matczak and J. Piekarska. The empirical research was conducted in art schools in Poland. It included 271 people (girls and boys) of 15-18 years of age. Based on the results that were obtained it was concluded that there are dependencies between creative attitude and the understanding of emotions in the group of students in the study. The higher the level of the creative attitude and non-conformist and heuristic behaviors, the greater the ability the artistically-gifted students had to understand emotions.
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Диривянкина, Ольга Владимировна. "HEURISTIC ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS' LEARNING SOCIAL EXPERIENCE." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 1(42) (March 22, 2021): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2021.42.1.016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В статье рассматривается эвристическая организация творческого усвоения обучающимися социального опыта, которая позволяет в системе непрерывного образования усваивать культурное наследие общества и готовить себя к его развитию в творческой профессиональной деятельности. Раскрывается значение эвристической организации учебного процесса в вузе для овладения обучающимися социокультурным опытом, исследуется характер взаимосвязи культуры и социального опыта, в том числе значение характера организации учебной деятельности как инструмента передачи социокультурного опыта последующим поколениям, обеспечивающего развитие психических функций человека и включение его в систему общественных отношений. Рассматривается понятие и иерархическая структура социального опыта, описывается взаимовлияние его элементов (подготавливающего и обеспечивающего, репродуктивного творческого и эмоционального). Характеризуется роль эмоциональной составляющей социального опыта в регулировании учебно-познавательной деятельности. Определяются основные задачи преподавателей высшей школы при эвристической организации усвоения социального опыта обучающимися, характеризуется сочетание эвристически организованного творческого и репродуктивно-алгоритмического обучения , описывается процесс преобразования фактов, изложенных преподавателем, в знания обучающихся при эвристической организации учебного процесса. Рассматривается эволюция учебно-практической деятельности субъекта от подражания до осознаваемого поиска. Раскрывается механизм эвристического усвоения знаний при участии эмоционально-личностного отношения субъекта к происходящему. The article examines the heuristic organization of students' creative assimilation of social experience, which allows in the system of lifelong education to assimilate the cultural heritage of society and prepare oneself for its development in creative professional activity. The significance of the heuristic organization of the educational process at the university for mastering the sociocultural experience by students is revealed, the nature of the relationship between culture and social experience is investigated, including the importance of the nature of the organization of educational activity as a tool for transferring sociocultural experience to subsequent generations, ensuring the development of human mental functions and its inclusion in the system of social relationships. The concept and the hierarchical structure of social experience are considered, the mutual influence of its elements (preparatory and providing, reproductive, creative and emotional) is described. The role of the emotional component of social experience in the regulation of educational and cognitive activity is characterized. The main tasks of higher school teachers in the heuristic organization of the assimilation of social experience by students are determined, the combination of heuristically organized creative and reproductive-algorithmic learning is characterized, the process of transforming the facts stated by the teacher into the knowledge of students in the heuristic organization of the educational process is described. The evolution of educational and practical activities of the subject from imitation to conscious search is considered. The mechanism of heuristic assimilation of knowledge with the participation of the subject's emotional-personal attitude to what is happening is revealed.
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Tonutti, Sabrina. "On Others’ Emotions, and Ours: a Reflection on Narratives, Categories, and Heuristic Devices." Relations, no. 2 (November 2013): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/rela-2013-002-tonu.
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This article reflects on some epistemological and methodological tenets of cultural anthropology such as the informants’ role in ethnographical research, the relation between collective phenomena and individuals, and that between case studies (individual level) and abstraction (generalization). These tenets will be addressed focusing on the lack of recognition of animals’ individuality and agency in social relations, and on the related humans/animals opposition. With the topic of the emotional lives of animals as a starting point, the essay sets out to reflect on how the narratives we use to interpret and describe them inform our enquiry within an anthropocentric and essentialist view, consequently biasing our understanding of diversity.
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Wu, Lin, Sheng Zeng, and Yue Wu. "Affect Heuristic and Format Effect in Risk Perception." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 8 (August 11, 2018): 1331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6957.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The affect heuristic can evoke a format effect so that different ways of expressing the level of likelihood of an event happening can cause different perceptions of the level of risk. We conducted 3 studies to test the hypothesis that a format effect is not always present at every level of probability, and even when a format effect occurs, it depends on risk level and emotion. In Study 1, the risk of a flood threatening participants' homes (familiar risk) regardless of change in emotion, occurred only at a 5% probability level. In Study 2, when facing an unfamiliar risk (being infected by Chikungunya fever), regardless of change in emotion, a format effect occurred at the level of 5% probability only when emotion was positive. In Study 3, a format effect occurred at a 5% probability level when prior emotion expectation was positive and risk consequences were emphasized. We can conclude that the format effect depends on changes in risk level and emotions.
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Rebughini, Paola. "Friendship Dynamics between Emotions and Trials." Sociological Research Online 16, no. 1 (February 2011): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2239.
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The aim of this article is to analyze friendship ties and the emotions connected to them in some particular phases of life: periods when subjects are faced with difficult challenges such as mourning, separation, job loss or illness. Under these circumstances, friendship ties and emotions take on exceptional intensity. To investigate these moments I will use the analytical concept of trial and I will outline its heuristic utility in the analysis of friendship ties. The article is based on a research project on the dynamics of friendship relationships among adults conducted in the urban area of the city of Milan. In order to shed light on the dynamics of friendship in difficult moments of life, the article is organized in three sections: in the first part, I will introduce some narratives collected during the research. In the second part, I will shed light on the way that trial phases of life are the periods in which the relation between friendship and emotions becomes more visible, in particular through the way that friendship bonds offer the possibility of narrating and sharing emotions themselves, thus introducing an element of reflexivity. In the third part, I will conclude by underlining the way that this kind of analysis of friendship ties can reveal some more structural dynamics of contemporary individualized society.
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Oatley, Keith. "On the definition and function of emotions." Social Science Information 46, no. 3 (September 2007): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05390184070460030108.
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Borji, Ali. "Heuristic Function Optimization Inspired by Social Competitive Behaviors." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (May 15, 2008): 2105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.2105.2111.
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Hirose, Koji. "Abstract: The Heuristic Function of the Philosophical Notion." Chiasmi International 10 (2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chiasmi20081023.
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Yuste, S. Bravo, and A. Santos. "A heuristic radial distribution function for hard disks." Journal of Chemical Physics 99, no. 3 (August 1993): 2020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465264.
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Pyrev, E. A. "Motivational Function of Emotions: Experimental Approach to Study (continued)." Вестник практической психологии образования 16, no. 3 (2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2019160305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents an experimental study of human emotional motivation. Practical aspects of emotional motivation are considered on the example of educational and professional activities of university students. Emotion as an unconscious motive induces unintended actions of university students against different aspects of educational and professional activities. The practical part of the study was implemented by the author’s methodology “Test of Color Associations”. In terms of content and performance, the test meets the main provisions of the theoretical content of the stated topic. The experimental study identified four groups of emotions, reflecting their specific motivational capabilities, manifested in negative and positive unintended actions towards learning. Experimentally identified “creative emotions” (joy and interest), “emotions overcoming obstacles” (anger), “emotions that save energy” (pleasure, indifference), “emotions that destroy relationships” (fear, sadness, disgust).
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Magallanes, Yazmín, Ariel Molina-Rueda, J. Alfredo Sánchez, and Yenny A. Méndez. "Towards an Emotional Validation of Heuristic Approaches for Usability Evaluation." Acta Universitaria 22 (March 1, 2012): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2012.351.
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This paper presents an initial investigation on how an emotional assessment of user interfaces may extend and validate the heuristic evaluation of the usability of interactive systems. Through the elicitation of responses from two groups of users, we focused on detecting whether a correlation exists between emotional assessment of specific interface issues and the corresponding evaluation by interaction experts. Using a prototypical multi-tactile interface and a heuristic approach, we first obtained feedback from interaction experts regarding its potential problems and issues. We then devised scenarios for observing novel users and eliciting their emotional re-sponses to the issues raised by our experts. Our initial findings indicate a significant correlation exists between the issues raised by expert users and the emotional responses of novel users, but also that some of those issues do not necessarily lead to long lasting negative emotions. Wethus posit that emotional evaluation of interactive systems may be helpful for enriching and validating heuristic approaches for usability evaluation.
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Essary, Kirk, and Yasmin Haskell. "Calm and Violent Passions: The Genealogy of a Distinction from Quintilian to Hume." Erudition and the Republic of Letters 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00301003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the distinction between the calm and violent passions has been treated by Hume scholars from a number of perspectives relevant to the Scottish philosopher’s thought more generally, little scholarly attention has been paid to this distinction either in the works of Hume’s non-English contemporaries (e.g., the French Jesuit Pierre Brumoy) or in the long rhetorical and literary tradition which often categorized the emotions as either calm or violent. This article examines the long history of the distinction between calm and violent, or mild and vehement, emotions from the classical Roman rhetorical tradition through the Renaissance and into the modern period. In doing so, it provides a partial but substantial genealogy of an important heuristic taxonomy in the history of emotions, while suggesting that the philosophical import of the distinction in the eighteenth century owes something to rhetorical and poetic traditions which are often not considered by historians of philosophy.
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Mladenovic, Snezana, and Mirjana Cangalovic. "Heuristic approach to train rescheduling." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 17, no. 1 (2007): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0701009m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Starting from the defined network topology and the timetable assigned beforehand, the paper considers a train rescheduling in respond to disturbances that have occurred. Assuming that the train trips are jobs, which require the elements of infrastructure - resources, it was done by the mapping of the initial problem into a special case of job shop scheduling problem. In order to solve the given problem, a constraint programming approach has been used. A support to fast finding "enough good" schedules is offered by original separation, bound and search heuristic algorithms. In addition, to improve the time performance, instead of the actual objective function with a large domain, a surrogate objective function is used with a smaller domain, if there is such. .
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Pyrev, E. A. "Motivational Function of Emotions: Theoretical Approach to Study." Вестник практической психологии образования 16, no. 2 (2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2019160207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article reveals the problems of human emotional motivation. The definition of this phenomenon is given. The theoretical aspect of emotional motivation is represented by an analysis of domestic and foreign literature on emotions and motivation. Also, the theoretical part of the study is devoted to the nature of emotions and the content of their motivational potential. The origins of this phenomenon are seen in the subjectivity of emotions, manifested in the relationship of a person with various aspects of his life. Emotion as an unconscious motive induces unintentional actions towards the subject of communication. There is emotion at several levels of human functioning: neural, physiological, psychological and behavioral. The first two levels provide the appearance of emotion, which is then realized in motor reactions and detailed behavior towards the subject of communication. The implementation of the motor program over time leads to awareness of emotions and a decrease in their motivational potential.
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Hussein, Mohamed. "Foreign language and Decision-making Biases: A Brief Exploration of the Relationship Between Emotions, using a Foreign Language, and Decision-making." Journal of Student Research 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v4i1.207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contrary to what traditional normative decision-making models claim, a change in how a given problem is framed influences the outcome of the decision-making process. Neurological research has shown that during this so-called framing effect, brain structures that are typically associated with the emotional system are activated, suggesting an emotional dimension to the processes that underlie heuristic biases. Recent studies have also shown that thinking in a foreign language can reduce physiological responses typically associated with emotional reactions. This research paper explores the relationship between using a foreign language, emotions, and decision-making in order to determine whether using a foreign language can reduce decision-making biases. More specifically, this paper reasons that using a foreign language can reduce some heuristic biases provided that the given problem is emotionally-laden.
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Wu, Lin, Jing Lin, Jing Liu, Shuo-Feng Chang, Yuan-Yuan Wang, and Zhi-Jun Liu. "Affect Heuristic As a Function of Trust in Risk Communication." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.4.619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined whether or not decision makers' level of trust in risk management institutions is an important determinant of their reliance on the affect heuristic for making evaluations and decisions. In Study 1 (N = 419), we examined how the delivery and context of warning information may influence individuals' marginal trust in risk management institutions. In Study 2 (N = 414), we combined marginal trust with message probability to explore (a) how marginal trust and message extremity probability influence public trust in warning information, and (b) how public trust in institutions moderates individuals' reliance on the affect heuristic in risk perceptions. In Study 3 (N = 45), we tested the generalizability of the moderating effect of public trust. Results showed that reliance on affect as a kind of heuristic was more marked among decision makers with a high, vs. low, level of trust in the relevant institutions.
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Perlovsky, Leonid. "Cognitive function, origin, and evolution of musical emotions." Musicae Scientiae 16, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864912448327.
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Uji, Masayo, Toshiaki Nagata, and Toshinori Kitamura. "Narcissism: Its function in modulating self-conscious emotions." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 76, no. 3 (September 2012): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2012.76.3.211.
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DING, Zhi-guo, Xue-yong ZHU, Ying-ke LEI, and Xin-ling WANG. "Multi-tree anti-collision algorithm based on heuristic function." Journal of Computer Applications 32, no. 3 (April 1, 2013): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.00665.
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Yi, Bo, Xingwei Wang, and Min Huang. "Dynamic heuristic for the recomposition of service function chain." IET Communications 12, no. 16 (October 9, 2018): 1984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2017.0856.
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KAO, CHIANG, CHIHSEN WU, DER-CHIANG LI, and CHIH-YAN LAI. "Scheduling ship discharging via knowledge transformed heuristic evaluation function." International Journal of Systems Science 23, no. 4 (April 1992): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729208949236.
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Borwein, J. M., M. N. Limber, and D. Noll. "Fast heuristic methods for function reconstruction using derivative information." Applicable Analysis 58, no. 3-4 (November 1995): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036819508840375.
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