Статті в журналах: "Heterostructured photocatalyst"

1

Baylan, Elif, Hasan Akyildiz, and Ozlem Yildirim. "Stable CuCrO2 nanoparticles - ZnO fibres p-n heterostructure system for effective photocatalytic activity." Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, no. 2 (2019): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1902189b.

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Heterostructured photocatalysts were fabricated by coupling electrospun n-type ZnO fibres and hydrothermally derived p-type CuCrO2 nanoparticles. The effect of the amount of CuCrO2 nanoparticles on the photocatalytic activity of the heterostructured photocatalyst was systematically investigated. The formation of the heterojunctions between the two semiconductors was revealed via detailed XRD, XPS, TEM and optical property measurements. The experimental results indicated that the optimal CuCrO2 amount in the composite photocatalyst was 1.0wt.% due to the optimum doping and surface coverage, higher absorption onset edge, larger absorption intensity and optimum band gap energy. This composite photocatalyst, fabricated by drop casting of CuCrO2 nanoparticle dispersion on ZnO fibres, displayed 30% higher rate constant (k) value compared to the pure ZnO fibres in the degradation of methylene blue dye molecules and reached 93.4% decomposition in 1 h under UV-visible light exposure. The obtained results are highly encouraging in comparison to only UV/light active p-n heterostructured photocatalysts previously reported in literature. Therefore, we believe that the proposed approach here opened the way for simple synthesis of highly-efficient visible light active heterostructured semiconductor photocatalyst systems.

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Zhang, Caomeng, Shijie Zhong, Qun Li, Yuanpeng Ji, Liwei Dong, Guisheng Zhang, Yuanpeng Liu, and Weidong He. "Heterostructured Nanoscale Photocatalysts via Colloidal Chemistry for Pollutant Degradation." Crystals 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060790.

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With the further acceleration in the industrialization process, organic pollutants and gas pollution in the environment have posed severe threats to human health. It has been a global challenge regarding achieving an efficient solution to pollutant degradation. In such a context, photocatalysts have attracted researchers’ attention for their simplicity, efficiency, cleanliness and low cost. However, the single photocatalyst is facing a research bottleneck owing to its narrow light absorption spectrum and high photocarrier recombination rate. Given that heterojunctions can achieve efficient separation of photogenerated carriers in space, constructing heterostructured photocatalysts has become the most perspective method to improve the performance of photocatalysts. Furthermore, nanoparticles prepared through colloidal chemistry have the characteristics of high dispersion, stability and adsorption, further enhancing the degradation efficiency of heterostructured photocatalysts. This article reviews the primary methods for preparing heterostructured photocatalysts through colloidal chemistry, classifies the heterojunction types by transport routes of photogenerated carriers and summarizes the recent progress of heterostructured photocatalysts in pollutant degradation. To implement environmental remediation, it is crucial to explore economical and efficient photocatalysts for practical applications. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further exploration of colloidal heterostructured photocatalysts for pollutant degradation.

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3

Liu, Jianjun, Yingchun Yu, Zhixin Liu, Shengli Zuo, and Baoshan Li. "AgBr-Coupled TiO2: A Visible Heterostructured Photocatalyst for Degrading Dye Pollutants." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/254201.

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A series of AgBr/TiO2visible photocatalysts with heterojunction structure was synthesized using Ti(OC4H9)4, KBr, and AgNO3as precursors. The phase composition, particle morphology and size, microstructures, and absorbance of these photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and UV-vis spectra. It was found that the coupled AgBr/TiO2was an effective photocatalyst to degrade the methylene blue under visible light irradiation, compared with the other noncoupled photocatalysts of AgBr, AgBr/P25, and P25. The photocatalytic activities of AgBr/TiO2increase first and then decrease with increasing the mass ratio ofmAgNO3/mTiO2and the photocatalyst with the mass ratio of 3.35 has the highest photocatalytic activity. The results showed that the coupled photocatalyst has the particle size of about 15 nm with homogeneous dispersion and has the strongest absorption in whole UV-vis light region (250∼800 nm) originated from the synergetic effect of heterostructured AgBr/TiO2. The coupled AgBr/TiO2photocatalyst can keep stable photocatalytic activity after five-circle runs.

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4

Wei, Xueyu, Saraschandra Naraginti, Pengli Chen, Jiyuan Li, Xiaofan Yang, and Buwei Li. "Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Using p-n Heterostructured Cr2O3/ZrO2 Nanocomposite." Water 15, no. 20 (October 23, 2023): 3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15203702.

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Antibiotic pollution beyond the safety limits poses a significant threat to the environmental sustainability and human health which necessitates the development of efficient methods for reducing antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater. Photocatalysis is a proven technology which has drawn considerable attention in semiconductor photocatalysts. Our study aims to develop a highly efficient Cr2O3/ZrO2 photocatalyst for the degradation of tetracycline (TCL) under visible light. The synthesized catalyst was well characterized by XRD, HR-TEM-SAED, XPS, FT-IR, BET and UV-Vis-DRS methods. The effects of various parameters on photocatalytic degradation were evaluated in detail, showing that 97.1% of 50 mgL−1 tetracycline concentrations could be degraded within 120 min at pH 5 with a 0.1 gL−1 photocatalyst-loading concentration under visible light (300 W Xe lamp). The uniform distribution of spherical ZrO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the Cr2O3 nano-cubes efficiently reduced the recombination rate with an energy bandgap of 2.75 eV, which provided a faster photodegradation of tetracycline under visible light. In addition, a plausible degradation pathway and photoproducts generated during the photocatalytic degradation of TCL are proposed based on the LC-ESI/MS results, which suggested that efficient photodegradation was achieved during the visible light irradiation. Thus, our study reveals that the cost-effective Cr2O3-based photocatalyst with multi-reusability and efficient energy consumption could be an efficient photocatalyst for the rapid degradation of TCL during the wastewater treatment process.

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Ren, LiZhen, DongEn Zhang, Xiao Yun Hao, Xin Xiao, Jun Yan Gong, Ming Yan Wang, and ZhiWei Tong. "Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Bi2S3/SnS2 heterojunction." Functional Materials Letters 10, no. 02 (April 2017): 1750004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604717500047.

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Bi2S3/SnS2 heterostructured photocatalysts were synthesized from BiOI, SnCl[Formula: see text]5H2O and NH2CSNH2 using an economic and simple hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photodegradation activities of the Bi2S3/SnS2 heterostructured photocatalysts were estimated by degrading rhodamine B under simulated sunlight supplied by irradiating with a 350[Formula: see text]W Xe lamp. Bi2S3/SnS2 photocatalysts were prepared using varying percentages of Bi2S3. The sample containing 13% Bi2S3 had the most efficient photocatalyst performance among the tested samples. The photocatalytic mechanism involves heterojunctions formed in the Bi2S3/SnS2, which promoted effective separation of photoinduced electrons and holes.

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6

Tsay, Chien-Yie, Ching-Yu Chung, Chi-Jung Chang, Yu-Cheng Chang, Chin-Yi Chen, and Shu-Yii Wu. "Fe-Doped g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 Heterostructured Composition with Improved Visible Photocatalytic Activity for Rhodamine B Degradation." Molecules 29, no. 11 (June 3, 2024): 2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112631.

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The binary heterostructured semiconducting visible light photocatalyst of the iron-doped graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth molybdate (Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6) composite was prepared by coupling with Fe-doped g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6 particles. In the present study, a comparison of structural characteristics, optical properties, and photocatalytic degradation efficiency and activity between Fe-doped g-C3N4 particles, Bi2MoO6 particles, and Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 composite was investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination indicate that the hydrothermal Bi2MoO6 particles have a single orthorhombic phase and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirms the formation of Fe-doped g-C3N4. The optical bandgaps of the Fe-doped g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6 particles are 2.74 and 2.73 eV, respectively, as estimated from the Taut plots obtained from UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) spectra. This characteristic indicates that the two semiconductor materials are suitable for absorbing visible light. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph reveals the formation of the heterojunction Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 composite. The results of photocatalytic degradation revealed that the developed Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 composite photocatalyst exhibited significantly better photodegradation performance than the other two single semiconductor photocatalysts. This property can be attributed to the heterostructured nanostructure, which could effectively prevent the recombination of photogenerated carriers (electron–hole pairs) and enhance photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, cycling test showed that the Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructured photocatalyst exhibited good reproducibility and stability for organic dye photodegradation.

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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of selected transition metal nanoparticles: review." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001084.

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Photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential in solving energy and environmental issues. Efficient light absorption and charge separation are two of the key factors for the exploration of high-performance photocatalytic systems, which are generally difficult to obtain from a single photocatalyst. The combination of various materials to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity and stability. This review concisely summarizes the recent development of visible light responsive heterojunctions, including the preparation and performance of semiconductor/semiconductor junctions and semiconductor/metal junctions and their mechanism for enhancing light harvesting and charge separation/transfer. In this regard, this review presents some unitary, binary and ternary CeO2 photocatalysts used for the degradation of organic pollutants. We expect this review to provide the type of guidelines for readers to gain a clear picture of nanotechnology and the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts.

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8

Mrad, Maroua, Bilel Chouchene, Tahar Ben Chaabane, Thomas Gries, Ghouti Medjahdi, Lavinia Balan, and Raphaël Schneider. "Heterostructured Photocatalysts Associating ZnO Nanorods and Ag-In-Zn-S Quantum Dots for the Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of the Acid Orange 7 Dye." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121585.

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Heterostructured photocatalysts associating ZnO nanorods (NRs) sensitized by quaternary Ag-In-Zn-S (AIZS) quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by depositing AIZS QDs at the surface of ZnO NRs followed by thermal treatment at 300 °C. The ZnO/AIZS catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, UV-vis diffuse spectroscopy and by photoelectrochemical measurements. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the bleaching of the Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye under visible light irradiation. Results show that the association of ZnO NRs with 10 wt% AIZS QDs affords the photocatalyst the highest activity due to the enhanced visible light absorption combined with the improved charge separation. The ZnO/AIZS(10) photocatalyst degrades 98% AO7 in 90 min under visible light illumination, while ZnO NRs can only decompose 11% of the dye. The ZnO/AIZS(10) photocatalyst was also found to be stable and can be reused up to eight times without significant alteration of its activity. This work demonstrates the high potential of AIZS QDs for the development of visible light active photocatalysts.

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Chowdhury, Arpita Paul, K. S. Anantharaju, K. Keshavamurthy, and Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum. "Recent Advances in Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation Approaches for Azo Dyes." Journal of Chemistry 2023 (December 26, 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9780955.

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In recent decades, the textile industry has contributed to continuous pollution in the environment. Synthetic dyes which are commonly found in waste water are azo, sulfur, anthraquinone, triphenylmethyl, indigoid, and phthalocyanine derivatives. These pollutants block the light penetration in water bodies and prevent photosynthesis activity, thereby affecting aquatic life. As an environmental crisis, several technologies have been explored to control pollution. Among all the techniques, the photocatalysis process is considered as a green, simple, and economical process. To improve the photocatalytic activity, researchers worldwide have investigated various photocatalysts such as metal oxides, metal ferrites, and heterostructured nanocomposites. The major goal of this review article is to propose a high-performing, cost-effective hybrid photocatalyst reported to date for prospective azo dye pollutant remediation. This review article also aimed to highlight the challenges and uncertainties associated with dye degradation in the photocatalytic process.

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Zhou, Tong-Tong, Feng-He Zhao, Yu-Qian Cui, Li-Xiang Chen, Jia-Shu Yan, Xiao-Xiong Wang, and Yun-Ze Long. "Flexible TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite with Excellent Light Photocatalytic Performance." Polymers 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010055.

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As the world faces water shortage and pollution crises, the development of novel visible light photocatalysts to purify water resources is urgently needed. Over the past decades, most of the reported photocatalysts have been in powder or granular forms, creating separation and recycling difficulties. To overcome these challenges, a flexible and recyclable heterostructured TiO2/polyvinylidene fluoride/graphitic carbon nitride (TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4) composite was developed by combining electrospinning, sintering and hydrothermal methods. In the composite, PVDF was used as a support template for removing and separating the photocatalyst from solution. Compared with pure TiO2, the TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4 composite exhibited the extended light capture range of TiO2 into the visible light region. The photogenerated carriers were efficiently transferred and separated at the contact interface between TiO2 and g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation, which consequently increased the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. In addition, the flexible composites exhibited excellent self-cleaning properties, and the dye on the photocatalysts was completely degraded by the as-prepared materials. Based on the intrinsic low cost, recyclability, absorption of visible light, facile synthesis, self-cleaning properties and good photocatalytic performances of the composite, the photocatalyst is expected to be used for water treatment.

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Bai, Yuxin, Shasha Xu, Jing Chen, Xun Sun, Shan Zhao, Jingcai Chang, and Zuoli He. "Ti3C2@g-C3N4/TiO2 Ternary Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Promoted Photocatalytic Degradation Activities." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 20, 2023): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030655.

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Ternary heterojunction photocatalysts can improve the transport and separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which could promote their reduction and oxidation properties for environmental and energy applications. In this research, the ternary photocatalyst Ti3C2@TiO2/g-C3N4 was successfully synthesized via direct electrostatic self-assembly during hydrothermal process. Ti3C2 MXene was used to optimize the interfacial carrier transport and separation between the interfaces. The obtained ternary heterostructured photocatalyst had a higher photocatalytic degradation performance for removing rhodamine B (RhB) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The synergistic effect of heterojunction between g-C3N4 and TiO2 and Schottky barrier presented among TiO2 and Ti3C2 suppressed the recombination of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Moreover, the Ti3C2 can serve as an active site for the adsorption and activation of organic pollutants resulting from sufficient functional groups (F− here).

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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "An overview of the developments of nanotechnology and heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of metal nanoparticles." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001083.

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In general, nanotechnology can be understood as a technology of design, fabrication and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, as well as a fundamental understanding of the physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures. In recent years the development of industries like textile, leather, paint, food, plastics, and cosmetics is enlarged and these industries are connected with the discarding of a vast number of organic pollutants which are harmful to microbes, aquatic systems, and human health by influencing the different parameters. So the fabrication of those nanomaterials (coupled or doped) to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability. We expect this review to provide a guideline for readers to gain a clear picture of the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts. In this review, starting from the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and the preparation of the photocatalyst, we review the classification of current photocatalysts, preparation methods, a factor that affects photocatalytic reaction, characterization of photocatalysts, and the methods for improving photocatalytic performance. This review also aims to provide basic and comprehensive information on the industrialization of photocatalysis technology.

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Zhang, Hui, Feng Liu, Zhigang Mou, Xiaofeng Liu, Jianhua Sun, and Weiwei Lei. "A facile one-step synthesis of ZnO quantum dots modified poly(triazine imide) nanosheets for enhanced hydrogen evolution under visible light." Chemical Communications 52, no. 88 (2016): 13020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06970c.

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Kumar, Pawan, Arvind Kumar, Chetan Joshi, Raghuvir Singh, Sandeep Saran, and Suman L. Jain. "Heterostructured nanocomposite tin phthalocyanine@mesoporous ceria (SnPc@CeO2) for photoreduction of CO2 in visible light." RSC Advances 5, no. 53 (2015): 42414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06449j.

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Guo, Xingkui, Fan Yang, Xiaolu Sun, Chuang Han, Yujiao Bai, Guanjun Liu, Wenbo Liu, and Rongguo Wang. "Fabrication of a novel separation-free heterostructured photocatalyst with enhanced visible light activity in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 6 (2022): 3146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09757a.

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A novel separation-free poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide)–titanium dioxide/copper sulfide (PDMAA–TiO2/CuS) hydrogel photocatalyst with the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis has been successfully developed by a facile two-step method.

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Xu, You, Wenguang Tu, Shengming Yin, Markus Kraft, Qichun Zhang, and Rong Xu. "Self-template synthesis of CdS/NiSx heterostructured nanohybrids for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 32 (2017): 10650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt00842b.

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17

Wang, Bin, Peng Li, Hanjing Hao, Huijie He, Hairui Cai, Fanfan Shang, Bei An, Xiaoqian Li, and Shengchun Yang. "The Construction of Phosphorus-Doped g-C3N4/Rh-Doped SrTiO3 with Type-II Band Alignment for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244428.

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It is of great importance to promote charge separation in photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. In this work, a type-II heterostructured photocatalyst was constructed by compositing phosphorus-doped g-C3N4 (P-CN) and Rh-doped SrTiO3 (Rh-STO) via a thermal calcination treatment. A series of characterizations were conducted to investigate the structure of heterostructured P-CN/Rh-STO. It was found that Rh-STO interacted with in situ generated P atoms from the decomposition of P-CN during the calcination process, thus leading to the formation of heterojunction of P-CN/Rh-STO. Compared with the single component, i.e., P-CN or Rh-STO, the obtained P-CN/Rh-STO showed superior photocatalytic activity to that of both P-CN and Rh-STO due to the effective charge separation across the heterojunction between P-CN and Rh-STO.

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Xu, Yuyan, Zhongkai Xie, Rui Yu, Min Chen, and Deli Jiang. "Co(OH)2 water oxidation cocatalyst-decorated CdS nanowires for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 29 (2021): 10159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01082d.

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A Co(OH)₂ nanoparticle decorated CdS nanowire (Co(OH)₂/CdS) based heterostructured photocatalyst was prepared. The optimal Co(OH)₂/CdS photocatalyst achieves a CO production rate of 8.11 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm).

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Li, Weijia, Zhaoyong Lin, and Guowei Yang. "A 2D self-assembled MoS2/ZnIn2S4 heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution." Nanoscale 9, no. 46 (2017): 18290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr06755k.

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Teng, Daoguang, Jie Qu, Peng Li, Peng Jin, Jie Zhang, Ying Zhang та Yijun Cao. "Heterostructured α-Bi2O3/BiOCl Nanosheet for Photocatalytic Applications". Nanomaterials 12, № 20 (16 жовтня 2022): 3631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203631.

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Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater is recognized as a promising technology. However, photocatalyst Bi2O3 responds to visible light and suffers from low quantum yield. In this study, the α-Bi2O3 was synthetized and used for removing Cl− in acidic solutions to transform BiOCl. A heterostructured α-Bi2O3/BiOCl nanosheet can be fabricated by coupling Bi2O3 (narrow band gap) with layered BiOCl (rapid photoelectron transmission). During the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), the Bi2O3/BiOCl composite material presented excellent photocatalytic activity. Under visible light irradiation for 60 min, the Bi2O3/BiOCl photocatalyst delivered a superior removal rate of 99.9%, which was much higher than pristine Bi2O3 (36.0%) and BiOCl (74.4%). Radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance spectra further confirmed the dominant effect of electron holes h+ and superoxide radical anions ·O2− for the photodegradation process. This work develops a green strategy to synthesize a high-performance photocatalyst for organic dye degradation.

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Li, Haidong, Yana Wang, Guohui Chen, Yuanhua Sang, Huaidong Jiang, Jiating He, Xu Li, and Hong Liu. "Few-layered MoS2 nanosheets wrapped ultrafine TiO2 nanobelts with enhanced photocatalytic property." Nanoscale 8, no. 11 (2016): 6101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr08796a.

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Li, Yen-Sheng, Alex Fang, Gang-Juan Lee, Jerry J. Wu, Yu-Cheng Chang, Chien-Yie Tsay, Jing-Heng Chen, Tzyy-Leng Horng, and Chin-Yi Chen. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Heterostructured Ceria/Polyaniline Nanoparticles." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070732.

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Cerium dioxide (CeO2, ceria), a promising and abundant catalytic material with high-efficiency, nontoxicity, photochemical stability, and affordability, can be used as a photocatalyst to photocatalytically degrade organics and split water for hydrogen production under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (about 5% of solar energy). However, the applications of the CeO2 photocatalyst are limited due to low photocatalytic efficiency under sunlight irradiation. In this study, a nanosized CeO2 powder was prepared by the precipitation method. Subsequently, various amounts of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles were deposited onto the surface of the CeO2 nanoparticles to form a heterostructure by the polymerization method. The crystal structure, morphology, surface and optical properties of the CeO2/PANI nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). Experimental results demonstrated that PANI deposition improved the light absorption of CeO2 nanoparticles in the visible light region. The heterostructured CeO2/PANI nanoparticle with 4 wt % PANI deposition exhibited optimal photocatalytic activities with a hydrogen production rate of 462 μmolg−1 within 6 h and a methyl orange (MO) degradation rate of 45% within 4 h under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic mechanisms of the composite powder are also proposed in this report.

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Yang, Jinman, Xingwang Zhu, Zhao Mo, Jianjian Yi, Jia Yan, Jiujun Deng, Yuanguo Xu, et al. "A multidimensional In2S3–CuInS2 heterostructure for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 12 (2018): 3163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qi00924d.

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Kombo, Miza A., Abdul A. J. Mohamed, Suleiman A. Suleiman, and An-Wu Xu. "Novel Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Co-B-P Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhance Visible-Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting." Chemical Science International Journal 33, no. 3 (April 30, 2024): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3895.

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As a promising metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen (H2) production through water splitting under visible-light irradiation, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts decorated with CoBP was prepared via simple ultra sonification. This paper highlights the structures of the photocatalysts, their stability, rate of hydrogen evolution and the mechanism of charge transfer within the photocatalysts. The prepared C3N4/CoBP nanocomposite photocatalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. After detailed analysis, the C3N4/CoBP nanocomposite photocatalysts showed excellent photocatalytic performance, which was due to the formation of the heterostructured hybrids of g-C3N4 and CoBP. The effects of C3N4/CoBP nanohybrids on H2 evolution were evaluated. The effects improved with increasing load of CoBP until the optimal level (5 wt% CoBP with visible-light irradiation at λ ≥420 nm). The maximum and remarkable photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 51.68 μmol h−1 was achieved, which was 3.8 times that obtained from pure g-C3N4. Moreover, the C3N4/CoBP heterostructured nanohybrids demonstrated extremely high photostability and recyclability for H2 evolution after visible light illumination. The composite hybrid accelerated the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and subsequently suppressed charge recombination. Conclusively, this study offered an opportunity for the design and synthesis of highly stable and efficient C3N4/CoBP nanocomposite photocatalysts for energy conversion and utilisation.

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Ghugal, Sachin G., Suresh S. Umare, and Rajamma Sasikala. "Mineralization of anionic dyes over visible light responsive Cd(x)Zn(y)S–Nb2O5 heterostructured photocatalysts." RSC Advances 6, no. 68 (2016): 64047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06023d.

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26

Behera, Arjun, Pradeepta Babu, and Kulamani Parida. "Growth of macroporous TiO2 on B-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets: a Z-scheme photocatalyst for H2O2 production and phenol oxidation under visible light." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 6 (2021): 1489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi01327g.

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BCN/TiO₂heterostructured photocatalyst was demonstrated towards H₂O₂ production and phenol oxidation under visible light, based on Z-scheme and p–n heterojunction mechanism.

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27

Tahmasebi, N., and S. Madmoli. "Facile synthesis of a WOx/CsyWO3 heterostructured composite as a visible light photocatalyst." RSC Advances 8, no. 13 (2018): 7014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12355h.

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In this work, a WO_x/Cs_yWO₃ heterostructured composite photocatalyst was synthesized via a simple pyrolysis method followed by heat treatment under a reducing atmosphere.

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28

Cai, Xiaoyan, Miao Su, Zhongtian Zeng, Haifeng Weng, Zhiguo Cai, Junying Zhang, and Liang Mao. "Boosting the photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity of a CdS/N-doped ZnIn₂S₄ direct Z-scheme heterostructure using a band alignment regulation strategy." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 24 (2021): 6441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se01266e.

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CdS/N-doped ZnIn2S4 Z-scheme heterostructured photocatalyst is developed for H2 evolution basing on a band alignment regulation strategy, where the enlarged Fermi level difference facilitates a stronger built-in electric field for charge separation.

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29

Ye, Chen, and Yu Huan. "Studies on Electron Escape Condition in Semiconductor Nanomaterials via Photodeposition Reaction." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062116.

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In semiconductor material-driven photocatalysis systems, the generation and migration of charge carriers are core research contents. Among these, the separation of electron-hole pairs and the transfer of electrons to a material’s surface played a crucial role. In this work, photodeposition, a photocatalysis reaction, was used as a “tool” to point out the electron escaping sites on a material’s surface. This “tool” could be used to visually indicate the active particles in photocatalyst materials. Photoproduced electrons need to be transferred to the surface, and they will only participate in reactions at the surface. By reacting with escaped electrons, metal ions could be reduced to nanoparticles immediately and deposited at electron come-out sites. Based on this, the electron escaping conditions of photocatalyst materials have been investigated and surveyed through the photodeposition of platinum. Our results indicate that, first, in monodispersed nanocrystal materials, platinum nanoparticles deposited randomly on a particle’s surface. This can be attributed to the abundant surface defects, which provide driving forces for electron escaping. Second, platinum nanoparticles were found to be deposited, preferentially, on one side in heterostructured nanocrystals. This is considered to be a combination result of work function difference and existence of heterojunction structure.

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30

Alaya, Yassine, Bilel Chouchene, Ghouti Medjahdi, Lavinia Balan, Noureddine Bouguila, and Raphaël Schneider. "Heterostructured S-TiO2/g-C3N4 Photocatalysts with High Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity." Catalysts 14, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14040226.

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Novel heterojunctions associating graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 and S-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully designed and prepared via a hydrothermal method and used for photocatalytic degradations. The loading in S-TiO2 nanoparticles on g-C3N4 was varied (5, 10 and 20 wt%), and the photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, solid-state UV-visible diffuse reflectance, photoluminescence, XPS, TEM and SEM. The S-TiO2 (5%)/g-C3N4 catalyst exhibits the highest activity for the photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. The high photocatalytic performance originates from the enhanced separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. The S-TiO2 (5%)/g-C3N4 photocatalyst is stable and can be reused five times without a sharp drop in activity, indicating its high potential for wastewater remediation.

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31

Wang, Wen-Min, Lu Zhang, Wen-Long Wang, Jin-Yi Huang, Qian-Yuan Wu, and Jerry J. Wu. "Photocatalytic Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane by Heterostructured Bi2O3/Cu-MOF Composites." Catalysts 13, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081211.

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Photocatalysts exhibiting high activity for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) have been a subject of intense focus due to their high toxicity and challenging degradability. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is recognized as an ideal photocatalyst; however, there have been limited studies on its effectiveness in 1,4-D degradation. It is crucial to address the issue of low photocatalytic efficiency attributed to the instability and easy recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in Bi2O3 upon photoexcitation. In this study, Cu-MOF and oxygen vacancy were utilized to improve the 1,4-D photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Bi2O3 by preparing Bi2O3, Bi2O3/Cu-MOF, Bi2O3−x, and Bi2O3−x/Cu-MOF. The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu-MOF induced a larger specific surface area, a well-developed pore structure, and a smaller particle size in Bi2O3, facilitating enhanced visible light utilization and an improved photoelectron transfer rate, leading to the highest photocatalytic activity observed in Bi2O3/Cu-MOF. In addition, oxygen vacancies were found to negatively affect the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3, mainly due to the transformation of the β-Bi2O3 crystalline phase into α-Bi2O3 caused by oxygen vacancies. Further, the synergistic effect of MOF and oxygen vacancies did not positively affect the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3. Therefore, the construction of heterojunctions using Cu-MOF can significantly enhance the efficiency of degradation of 1,4-D, and Bi2O3/Cu-MOF appears to be a promising photocatalyst for 1,4-D degradation. This study opens new avenues for the design and optimization of advanced photocatalytic materials with improved efficiency for the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants.

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32

Liu, Xiaoyan, Siyi Lv, Baoyan Fan, An Xing, and Bi Jia. "Ferroelectric Polarization-Enhanced Photocatalysis in BaTiO3-TiO2 Core-Shell Heterostructures." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081116.

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Suppressing charge recombination and improving carrier transport are key challenges for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity of heterostructured photocatalysts. Here, we report a ferroelectric polarization-enhanced photocatalysis on the basis of BaTiO3-TiO2 core-shell heterostructures synthesized via a hydrothermal process. With an optimal weight ratio of BaTiO3 to TiO2, the heterostructures exhibited the maximum photocatalytic performance of 1.8 times higher than pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the promotion of charge separation and transport based on the internal electric field originating from the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric BaTiO3. High stability of polarization-enhanced photocatalysis is also confirmed from the BaTiO3-TiO2 core-shell heterostructures. This study provides evidence that ferroelectric polarization holds great promise for improving the performance of heterostructured photocatalysts.

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33

Zheng, Yun, Yilin Chen, Lvting Wang, Mingyue Tan, Yingying Xiao, Bifen Gao, and Bizhou Lin. "Metal-free 2D/2D heterostructured photocatalyst of black phosphorus/covalent triazine-based frameworks for water splitting and pollutant degradation." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 7 (2020): 3739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00394h.

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34

Markhabayeva, Aiymkul A., Zhanar K. Kalkozova, Renata Nemkayeva, Yerassyl Yerlanuly, Assiya A. Anarova, Malika A. Tulegenova, Aida T. Tulegenova, and Khabibulla A. Abdullin. "Construction of a ZnO Heterogeneous Structure Using Co3O4 as a Co-Catalyst to Enhance Photoelectrochemical Performance." Materials 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010146.

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Recently, heterostructured photocatalysts have gained significant attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their superior properties compared to single photocatalysts. One of the key advantages of heterostructured photocatalysts is their ability to enhance charge separation and broaden the absorption spectrum, thereby improving photocatalytic efficiency. Zinc oxide is a widely used n-type semiconductor with a proper photoelectrochemical activity. In this study, zinc oxide nanorod arrays were synthesized, and then the surfaces of ZnO nanorods were modified with the p-type semiconductor Co3O4 to create a p–n junction heterostructure. A significant increase in the photocurrent for the ZnO/Co3O4 composite, of 4.3 times, was found compared to pure ZnO. The dependence of the photocurrent on the morphology of the ZnO/Co3O4 composite allows for optimization of the morphology of the ZnO nanorod array to achieve improved photoelectrochemical performance. The results showed that the ZnO/Co3O4 heterostructure exhibited a photocurrent density of 3.46 mA/cm2, while bare ZnO demonstrated a photocurrent density of 0.8 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the mechanism of charge separation and transfer in the heterostructural ZnO/Co3O4 photocatalytic system. Furthermore, the results will be useful for the design and optimization of photocatalytic systems for water splitting and other applications.

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35

Yang, Yang. "Plasmonic Heterosturcture for Full Solar Spectrum Harvesting." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1873.

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Clean chemical fuel (hydrogen) generation from water using heterogeneous photocatalysts is an emerging technology for sustainable energy research. However, photo-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of benchmarking photocatalysts still appear to be far from practice due to their limited light absorption of solar irradiation spectrum (UV-vis-NIR) and poor excited carrier lifetime. There is, therefore, an increasing interest in developing high efficiency photocatalysts with a broad spectral response and efficient excited carriers separation. In this work, a novel MoS2@TiO2 heterostructured film with periodically patterned morphology, exhibiting an enhanced light absorption within UV-vis-NIR wavelengths, was developed. Both experimental studies and theoretical modeling demonstrate that S-vacancy in the multilayered MoS2 nanoflakes is responsible for the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR, visible light absorption) and tunable band gaps (near infrared absorption). An outstanding H2 yield rate of 580 mmol h-1 g-1 was then achieved using the rationally designed novel MoS2@TiO2 photocatalyst. Present study also shows that the developed catalyst can even split sea water under solar light irradiation, which will open a new paradigm for direct solar energy harvesting.

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36

Liu, Tingting, Fanyu Yang, Liming Wang, Liang Pei, Yushan Hu, Ru Li, Kang Hou, and Tianlong Ren. "Synergistic Effect of Charge Separation and Multiple Reactive Oxygen Species Generation on Boosting Photocatalytic Degradation of Fluvastatin by ZnIn2S4/Bi2WO6 Z-Scheme Heterostructured Photocatalytst." Toxics 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100555.

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The application of semiconductor photocatalysts with narrow band gaps is hindered by the rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs and limitation of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) synchronous generation. A n–n-type direct Z-scheme heterostructured photocatalyst was constructed based on the staggered band alignment of bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) and indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn2S4) to reveal the synergistic effect of charge separation and multiple ROS synchronous generation on boosting photocatalytic performance. Under irradiation, electrons in the conduction band (CB) of Bi2WO6 and holes in the valence band (VB) of ZnIn2S4 recombined at interface to prolong the lifetime of electrons in the CB of ZnIn2S4 and holes in the VB of Bi2WO6. Meanwhile, the multiple ROS synchronously generated to oxidize pollutant due to the strong redox ability of electrons of ZnIn2S4 and holes of Bi2WO6, which was determined by the CB potential of ZnIn2S4 and VB potential of Bi2WO6. The results provided valuable insights for the application of photocatalysts with a narrow band gap in the field of water pollution control.

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37

Tatykayev, Batukhan, Bilel Chouchene, Lavinia Balan, Thomas Gries, Ghouti Medjahdi, Emilien Girot, Bolat Uralbekov, and Raphaël Schneider. "Heterostructured g-CN/TiO2 Photocatalysts Prepared by Thermolysis of g-CN/MIL-125(Ti) Composites for Efficient Pollutant Degradation and Hydrogen Production." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071387.

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Photocatalysts composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and TiO2 were efficiently prepared by thermolysis of the MIL-125(Ti) metal organic framework deposited on g-CN. The heterojunction between the 12 nm-sized TiO2 nanoparticles and g-CN was well established and the highest photocatalytic activity was observed for the g-CN/TiO2 (3:1) material. The g-CN/TiO2 (3:1) composite exhibits high visible light performances both for the degradation of pollutants like the Orange II dye or tetracycline but also for the production of hydrogen (hydrogen evolution rate (HER) up to 1330 μmolh−1g−1 and apparent quantum yield of 0.22% using NiS as a cocatalyst). The improved visible light performances originate from the high specific surface area of the photocatalyst (86 m2g−1) and from the efficient charge carriers separation as demonstrated by photoluminescence, photocurrent measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The synthetic process developed in this work is based on the thermal decomposition of metal organic framework deposited on a graphitic material and holds huge promise for the preparation of porous heterostructured photocatalysts.

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38

Kappadan, Shabina, Sabu Thomas, and Nandakumar Kalarikkal. "BaTiO3/ZnO heterostructured photocatalyst with improved efficiency in dye degradation." Materials Chemistry and Physics 255 (November 2020): 123583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123583.

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39

Ruzimuradov, Olim, Suvankul Nurmanov, Mirabbos Hojamberdiev, Ravi Mohan Prasad, Alexander Gurlo, Joachim Broetz, Kazuki Nakanishi, and Ralf Riedel. "Preparation and characterization of macroporous TiO2–SrTiO3 heterostructured monolithic photocatalyst." Materials Letters 116 (February 2014): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.11.065.

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40

Kim, T. W., S. G. Hur, S. J. Hwang, H. Park, W. Choi, and J. H. Choy. "Heterostructured Visible-Light-Active Photocatalyst of Chromia-Nanoparticle-Layered Titanate." Advanced Functional Materials 17, no. 2 (January 22, 2007): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200600022.

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41

Luo, Kaiyi, Jing Li, Wenyu Hu, Han Li, Qiuping Zhang, Huan Yuan, Fei Yu, Ming Xu, and Shuyan Xu. "Synthesizing CuO/CeO2/ZnO Ternary Nano-Photocatalyst with Highly Effective Utilization of Photo-Excited Carriers under Sunlight." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101946.

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The construction of heterostructured photocatalyst with an appropriate energy band structure will help realize highly efficient photo-excited charge separation. In this study, ternary CuO/CeO2/ZnO nano-particle (NP) composites were synthesized by a facile two-step sol-gel method, which exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance for various organic pollutants under UV and visible light excitation. The photo-responses to both UV and visible light, as well as the visible light absorption and utilization rates of ZnO are found to be synergistically intensified by CeO2 and CuO co-coupling. The first-order kinetic constants (K) of 3%CuO/CeO2/ZnO for methylene blue (MB) degradation are ~3.9, ~4.1 and ~4.8 times higher than ZnO under UV light, visible light and simulated sunlight illumination, respectively. The roles of CuO and CeO2 in optical properties and photo-degradation under UV and visible light were explored. Besides, the photogenic holes (h+) of ZnO, CeO2, and the produced hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are proved to be the main active species under UV light. Dissimilarly, under visible light, the superoxide radicals (·O2−) formed by the reactions between oxygen molecules and the photo-generated electrons (e−) of CuO moving towards the catalysts surface are also found to be important for promoting dye decomposition. The improved photo-responses, the well-matched band structure that facilitates charge transfer processes, and the highly efficient utilization of the photo-excited carriers of the ternary nano-heterostructure are suggested to be the key factors for the remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic performance of ZnO nano-photocatalyst. This work offers a low-cost strategy to acquire highly active UV and visible light-driven photocatalyst.

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42

Prashanth, G. K., M. S. Dileep, P. A. Prashanth, S. S. Sreeja Mole, S. R. Boselin Prabhu, B. M. Nagabhushana, S. Ravichandran, and N. P. Bhagya. "An evaluation of noble nanocomposites based on zinc oxide: synthesis, characterization, environmental, optical and biomedical applications." Journal of Optoelectronic and Biomedical Materials 13, no. 4 (October 2021): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jobm.2021.134.151.

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Metal oxide nanocomposites have concerned an obvious agreement of consideration because of their enormous applications in numerous domains like photocatalyst, catalysis, biological and sensors. The conservational purification technology is getting advanced by the development of heterostructured semiconductor photocatalysts. In this paper, we documented a comparative analysis of synthesis process (Solution-based methods, High temperature-based methods and Electrical methods) and characterisation techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy on various noble Nanocomposites (NCs) of metal (M) - zinc oxide (ZnO/ZO). This review inclines over multiple stat-of-the-art applications like photocatalytic, catalyst, sensor and biological activities. It could be concluded from this study that, the catalytic activity of noble M-ZO nanostructures depends not only on the noble metal species, but on the catalytic material architecture as well. The future research and development challenges together with future prospects are critically presented.

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43

Wang, Xinling, Di Zhu, Yan Zhong, Dianhui Wang, and Chaohao Hu. "AgBr/(Sr0.6Bi0.305)2Bi2O7 Heterostructured Composites: Fabrication, Characterization, and Significantly Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity." Catalysts 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9050394.

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The pyrochlore-type (Sr0.6Bi0.305)2Bi2O7 (SBO) containing Bi3+ and Bi5+ mixed valent states was first investigated as a photocatalyst in our very recent work. To further improve the photocatalytic performance, AgBr/SBO heterostructured composites were synthesized by using a deposition-precipitation method. The characterization of phase structure, morphology, microstructure, elemental composition, and optical properties of the obtained products were performed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The photocatalytic activity of samples was evaluated by degrading methylene blue under visible light illumination. AgBr/SBO composites possess high stability and significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. The improvement of photocatalytic activity is due to the enhanced light absorption and the separation of photoinduced electrons and holes on the interface of AgBr/SBO heterostructured composites.

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44

Liu, Rong, Mingming Li, Jie Chen, Yu Yin, Wei Zhao, Zhanghao Gong, Hua Jin, and Zhigang Liu. "Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline by Magnetically Separable g-C3N4-Doped Magnetite@Titanium Dioxide Heterostructured Photocatalyst." Water 16, no. 10 (May 11, 2024): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16101372.

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Residual drug pollutants in water environments represent a severe risk to human health, so developing a cheap, environmentally friendly, and effective photocatalyst to deal with them has become a hot topic. Herein, a magnetically separable Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a special heterojunction structure was fabricated, and its photocatalytic performance was assessed by degrading tetracycline (TC). Compared to Fe3O4@TiO2, the synthesized Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 exhibited superior TC degradation performance, which was primarily ascribed to the heterojunction formed between TiO2 and g-C3N4 and its ability to enhance the visible light absorption capacity and reduce the photoinduced electron/hole recombination rate. Moreover, a free radical capture experiment further confirmed that ·O2− and h+ are the predominant components in the TC degradation reaction. Under UV–Vis irradiation, the TC degradation rate escalated to as high as 98% within 120 min. Moreover, Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 was demonstrated to be easily recovered by magnetic separation without any notable loss even after five cycles, showing exceptional stability and reusability. These findings indicate that Fe3O4@TiO2/g-C3N4 is a promising photocatalyst for environmental remediation that may provide a sustainable approach to degrading antibiotic pollutants in wastewater.

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Kumar, Anurag, Abderrahmane Hamdi, Yannick Coffinier, Ahmed Addad, Pascal Roussel, Rabah Boukherroub, and Suman L. Jain. "Visible light assisted oxidative coupling of benzylamines using heterostructured nanocomposite photocatalyst." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 356 (April 2018): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.01.033.

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46

Song, Guixian, Feng Xin, Jingshuai Chen, and Xiaohong Yin. "Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in cyclohexanol on CdS–TiO2 heterostructured photocatalyst." Applied Catalysis A: General 473 (March 2014): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2013.12.035.

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47

Zhao, Wei, Nianqi Liu, Hongxing Wang, and Lihao Mao. "Sacrificial template synthesis of core-shell SrTiO3/TiO2 heterostructured microspheres photocatalyst." Ceramics International 43, no. 6 (April 2017): 4807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.009.

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48

Jiang, Da-yu, Da Xu, Jia Zheng, Yang Yang, Chang Liu, Yu-shuang Wang, Guang-bo Che, Xue Lin, and Li-min Chang. "Efficient Removal Phenol Red over Ternary Heterostructured Ag-Bi2MoO6/BiPO4Composite Photocatalyst." Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 29, no. 5 (October 27, 2016): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1602034.

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49

Liu, Yumin, Peng Zhang, Hua Lv, Jing Guang, Shuang Li, and Juhui Jiang. "A nanosheet-like BiPO4/Bi2O2CO3 heterostructured photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity." RSC Advances 5, no. 102 (2015): 83764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16146k.

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50

Hou, Huilin, Xiangkang Zeng, and Xiwang Zhang. "2D/2D heterostructured photocatalyst: Rational design for energy and environmental applications." Science China Materials 63, no. 11 (April 1, 2020): 2119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-1256-0.

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