Статті в журналах: "Hepatitis B cor"

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Maria, Rafael Carvalho de, Joseneide Teixeira Câmara, Maria Edileuza Soares Moura, Felipe Santana e. Silva, and Josemeire da Costa Ximenes. "Analysis of space and epidemiological distribution of hepatitis b and c cases in municipaly maranhão / Análise da distribuição espacial e epidemiológica dos casos de hepatite b e c em município maranhense." Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online 13 (September 22, 2021): 1421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v13.9702.

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Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial e epidemiológica dos casos notificados de hepatite B e C, de 2012 a 2016 no município de Caxias, Maranhão. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico, aplicando-se técnicas de geoprocessamento da região. Utilizaram-se dados secundários das fichas de notificação de hepatites virais com sorologia positiva para Hepatite B, Hepatite C e Hepatite B/Hepatite C. Resultados: pessoas da raça/cor parda, entre 15 a 29 anos, não vacinados, as gestantes e os submetidos a tratamentos invasivos tem maiores chances de apresentar marcadores sorológicos positivos para hepatites. A análise espacial evidenciou que a região norte concentra o maior número de casos. Conclusão: a região norte por ser classificada como área de baixa infraestrutura e relativamente mais pobre que as outras favorece o estabelecimento dessas doenças na população. A análise espacial pode auxiliar os serviços no planejamento consistente para o controle e prevenção das hepatites.

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Polish, L. B., M. Gallagher, H. A. Fields, and S. C. Hadler. "Delta hepatitis: molecular biology and clinical and epidemiological features." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 6, no. 3 (July 1993): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.6.3.211.

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Hepatitis delta virus, discovered in 1977, requires the help of hepatitis B virus to replicate in hepatocytes and is an important cause of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver disease in many regions of the world. Because of the helper function of hepatitis delta virus, infection with it occurs either as a coinfection with hepatitis B or as a superinfection of a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen. Although the mechanisms of transmission are similar to those of hepatitis B virus, the patterns of transmission of delta virus vary widely around the world. In regions of the world in which hepatitis delta virus infection is not endemic, the disease is confined to groups at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection and high-risk hepatitis B carriers. Because of the propensity of this viral infection to cause fulminant as well as chronic liver disease, continued incursion of hepatitis delta virus into areas of the world where persistent hepatitis B infection is endemic will have serious implications. Prevention depends on the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine. This review focuses on the molecular biology and the clinical and epidemiologic features of this important viral infection.

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Toy, Mehlika, Samuel So, and David W. Hutton. "Hepatitis B cure." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000617.

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4

Valsamakis, Alexandra. "Molecular Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20, no. 3 (July 2007): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00009-07.

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SUMMARY Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus with a small (3.2-kb) partially double-stranded DNA genome that causes acute and chronic infections. The impact of these infections on public health worldwide is enormous, with an estimated prevalence of 2 billion acute infections and 360 million chronic infections globally. This review focuses on chronic hepatitis B and the molecular assays used in its diagnosis and management. Background information, including that about features of the hepatitis B virion, viral replication, and epidemiology of infection, that is important for understanding chronic hepatitis B and molecular diagnostic tests for HBV is provided. To facilitate an understanding of the utility of molecular testing for chronic hepatitis B, the four stages of chronic hepatitis B infection that are currently recognized, as well as an additional entity, occult hepatitis B, that can be diagnosed only by sensitive nucleic acid amplification methods, are reviewed in detail, including available therapeutic agents. The molecular diagnostic content focuses on tests for HBV DNA quantification, genotyping, and mutation detection (including precore/core promoter and antiviral resistance mutations). The discussion of these tests encompasses their current utility and performance characteristics, drawing from current clinical guidelines and other studies from the literature. In recognition of the continual evolution of this field, the final section describes emerging molecular markers with future diagnostic potential.

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5

Mahoney, Francis J. "Update on Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 12, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.12.2.351.

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SUMMARY Acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 350 million people worldwide have chronic HBV infection and that 1 million persons die each year from HBV-related chronic liver disease. In the past decade, significant progress in the understanding of the molecular virology and pathogenesis of HBV infection has been made. In addition, effective treatment modalities have been developed for persons with chronic infection. Worldwide, prevention of HBV transmission has become a high priority. In 1992, the Global Advisory Group to the World Health Organization recommended that all countries integrate hepatitis B vaccine into national immunization programs by 1997. Currently, 80 countries have done so and several others are planning to. Many countries have reported dramatic reductions in the prevalence of chronic HBV infection among children born since the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced into infant immunization schedules. Recent reports from Taiwan indicate a reduction in the incidence of liver cancer among children as a result of widespread hepatitis B vaccination programs.

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6

Feitelson, M. "Hepatitis B virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5, no. 3 (July 1992): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.5.3.275.

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For many years, epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong link between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Other hepatocarcinogens such as hepatitis C virus and aflatoxin also contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis either in conjunction with HBV infection or alone. Cellular and molecular biological studies are providing explanations for the HBV-PHC relationship, and models are now being formulated to further test the relative importance of various factors such as viral DNA integration, activation of oncogenes, genetic instability, loss of tumor suppressor genes, and trans-activating properties of HBV to the pathogenesis of PHC. Further research will probably define more than a single mechanism whereby chronic HBV infection results in PHC.

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7

Audsley, Jennifer, and Joe Sasadeusz. "Challenges and opportunities for hepatitis B cure in the setting of HIV--hepatitis B virus co-infection." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000624.

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8

Sugarman, Jeremy. "Ethics of HIV and hepatitis B cure research." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000618.

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9

Zhou, Xiaojing, Hongfei Wei, Peng Sun, Xiuli Wu, Min Wan, Peng Zhang, Sheng Guo, Tiesuo Zhao, Yongli Yu, and Liying Wang. "Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Formulated with B-Type CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Induces Therapeutic Immunity Against Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen-Expressing Liver Cancer Cells in Mice." Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 27, no. 4 (May 2012): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2011.1127.

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10

Maini, Mala K., and Dimitra Peppa. "Shared immunotherapeutic approaches in HIV and hepatitis B virus." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000621.

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11

Sbarigia, Urbano, Talitha Vincken, Peter Wigfield, Mahmoud Hashim, Bart Heeg, and Maarten Postma. "A comparative network meta-analysis of standard of care treatments in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 9, no. 15 (October 2020): 1051–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0068.

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Objective: Published network meta-analyses of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatments are either out-of-date or excluded key treatments. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively update the efficacy evidence for the following end points: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) suppression. Materials & methods: Approved treatments in CHB and their combinations were evaluated. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials in treatment-naïve CHB patients. Included studies reported at least one of the end points of interest. A frequentist probability network meta-analysis was performed for each end point. The choice of fixed effect or random-effect model was based on the I-square statistic, a measure of variation in study outcomes between studies. The analyses were performed separately for HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. For the primary analyses, end points measured 48 ± 4 weeks after treatment initiation were considered. Results: A total of 47 randomized controlled trials (13,826 patients), covering 23 unique treatment regimens, were included: a total of 29 reported HBsAg loss, 36 reported HBeAg seroconversion and 37 reported HBV DNA suppression. For both HBsAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion, pegylated interferon-based regimens were the most effective strategy in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. On the other hand, for HBV DNA suppression, nucleosides-based regimens were the most effective strategy in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. Conclusion: Our findings confirm available evidence around the comparative efficacy of available CHB treatments. Therefore, they can be used to update relevant cost–effectiveness analyses and clinical guidelines.

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12

Samal, J., M. Kandpal, and P. Vivekanandan. "Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00018-11.

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13

Feitelson, M. "Hepatitis B virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5, no. 3 (1992): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.5.3.275-301.1992.

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14

Hou, Jinlin, Wendong Chen, Ying Han, Lei Wang, I.-Heng Lee, Ling-I. Hsu, Dongying Xie, Xueru Yin, Fengqin Hou, and Yida Yang. "Shifting demographics and comorbidity burden in adult Chinese urban patients with chronic hepatitis B, 2013 and 2016." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 10, no. 8 (June 2021): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0080.

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Chronic hepatitis B demographics and comorbidity data are limited in China. Materials & methods: The China Health Insurance Association claims database from 2013 and 2016 was used to augment the existing data: the proportion of patients aged >45 years increased significantly from 40.3% in 2013 to 49% in 2016 (p < 0.001). Results: Significant increases in multiple comorbidities were observed, including hypertension (9.4–14.5%), hyperlipidemia (4.7–7.0%) and cardiovascular disease (5.7–10%; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Increases were observed in renal impairment (8.8–10.0%; p < 0.001) and osteoporosis and/or pathologic nontraumatic bone fracture (3.8–7.3%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Careful selection of treatment options and comorbidity monitoring should be considered when managing adult Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B.

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15

Abdel-Rahman, Omar. "Patterns and association of vaccination among adults with a history of cancer in the USA: a population-based study." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 10, no. 11 (August 2021): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0251.

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Aim: To assess the association of vaccination status among adults with history of cancer in a population-based cohort in the USA. Materials & methods: National Health Interview Survey datasets (2008–2018) have been accessed and information about the patterns and associations of the following vaccinations were collected (influenza vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis A vaccination and shingles vaccination). Association of different sociodemographic variables with each of the above types of vaccination was studied through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Private health insurance (vs no private insurance) was associated with higher percentages of recommended vaccination (influenza vaccination: 65 vs 59.7%; pneumococcal vaccination: 74.9 vs 68.8%; hepatitis B vaccination: 22.9 vs 19.3%; hepatitis A vaccination: 10.1 vs 8.6%; shingles vaccination: 33.8 vs 26.7%; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Within multivariable logistic regression analyses, African American race, lower education and lower income were associated with less probability of adherence to recommended vaccination (for influenza vaccination; odds ratio (OR) for black race vs white race: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.717–0.859; OR for ≤high school vs >high school education: 0.763; 95% CI: 0.723–0.805; OR for income ≤US$45,000 vs >US$45,000: 0.701; 95% CI: 0.643–0.764). Conclusion: There is evidence of socio-economic disparities in adherence to recommended vaccination among this cohort of cancer survivors in the USA. More efforts need to be done to ensure that recommended vaccination is being delivered to all cancer survivors in need (including enhancing coverage and awareness to under-represented groups of the society).

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Allweiss, Lena, and Helene Strick-Marchand. "In-vitro and in-vivo models for hepatitis B cure research." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000616.

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17

French, Janine, Stephen Locarnini, and Fabien Zoulim. "Direct-acting antivirals and viral RNA targeting for hepatitis B cure." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000622.

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do Monte, Larissa Emilly Fiusa, Vanessa Ferreira Barroso, Isabela Coelho Simão, Karyne Costa Cavalcante, Claudio Vinicius Araujo Pinheiro, Viviane Melo e. Silva de Figueiredo, Juliana Ramos Carneiro, and Plínio da Cunha Leal. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEPATITIS B AND C WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Revista UNINGÁ 58 (March 11, 2021): eUJ3954-eUJ3954. http://dx.doi.org/10.46311/2318-0579.58.euj3954.

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O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é uma das neoplasias mais frequentemente diagnosticadas. Ademais, a infecção por vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e vírus da hepatite C (VHC) associa-se com o desenvolvimento do CHC, ainda que seja necessário mais estudos genéticos e fisiopatológicos para consolidar a relação. Destarte, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a associação entre o VHB e o VHC com o CHC, e a associação que pode ser estabelecida entre a terapia antiviral para VHB e VHC com essa neoplasia. Portanto, uma revisão criteriosa da literatura publicada entre 2016 e 2021 foi desenvolvida nas bases de dados da BVS e da PubMed nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após a aplicação de filtros e critérios de exclusão, foram incluídos 21 artigos nesta revisão. Em síntese, o acúmulo de mutações do vírus da hepatite B está inerentemente ligado à aceleração do desenvolvimento da neoplasia. Contudo, a associação entre o polimorfismo PNPLA3 rs738409 e CHC relacionada ao VHC é controversa em pacientes com cirrose. Além disso, a alfa-fetoproteína é o biomarcador mais utilizado para vigilância do CHC, porém possui sensibilidade e especificidade inadequadas, enquanto a protrombina induzida pela vitamina K ausente-II e pela proteína Golgi-73 mostram-se mais eficazes devido à redução dos níveis de falsos positivos. Para mais, a terapia antiviral com análogos de nucleotídeos inibe a replicação do VHB, interferindo na carcinogênese hepatocelular. Em relação ao VHC, a terapia antiviral direta, por apresentar altos níveis de resposta virológica sustentada, reduz o risco de neoplasia.

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Liu, Wei, Rui Lv, Wenyang Huang, Hong Liu, Shuhui Deng, Shuhua Yi, Lulu Lv, Jianxiang Wang, Lugui Qiu, and Dehui Zou. "The Risk of Hepatitis B Reactivation Is Controllable in Patients with Concomitant Hepatitis B Virus Infection during Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126635.

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Background: Among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and concomitant chronic or resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV reactivation is an identified risk associated with chemotherapy, especially after rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell targeting CD19 can also cause B-cell aplasia as seen in patients receiving rituximab, and the risk of HBV reactivation during CAR T-cell therapy is still unknown. We performed a retrospective study to explore the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with concomitant HBV infection who had received anti-CD19 CAR T therapy at our hospital. Methods: Patients with relapse or refractory B-cell lymphoma who were treated with CNCT19 (second-generation anti-CD19 CAR T-cell provided by Juventas) at Blood Disease Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) at the time of evaluation for CNCT19 therapy, and those with positive HBsAg or positive HBcAb were eligible for this retrospective study. This study was approved by Blood Diseases Hospital Internal Review Board. Results: Between June 2017 and May 2019, 17 patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma and concomitant HBV infection who were treated with CNCT19 therapy alone (n=14) or CNCT19 therapy following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT, n=3) were included in this study. The median age was 53 years (range: 31-71years), with 53% were male. 6 patients (35%) had chronic HBV infection, defined as positive HBsAg, 11 patients (65%) had resolved HBV infection, defined as negative HBsAg and positive HBcAb. At the time of CNCT19 infusion, HBV DNA levels of all patients were lower than the normal limit (<1000IU/ml). All 6 patients with chronic HBV infection received prophylactic anti-HBV nucleos(t)ide therapy (NAT) of entecavir, 5/11(45%) patients with resolved HBV infection received prophylactic NAT of entecavir or lamivudine, and the other 6/11(55%) patients with resolved HBV infection did not receive any prophylactic anti-HBV therapy. With median follow-up of 8 months (range: 1-24 months) from CNCT19 infusion, including 9 patients who had been followed up for more than 6 months, no HBV reactivation occurred (defined as HBV-DNA level exceeding 1000IU/ml). 6 patients with chronic HBV infection remained on NAT at the time of last follow-up, and among the 5 patients with resolved HBV infection who had received prophylactic NAT during CNCT19 therapy, 1 patient was still on NAT at 3 months after CNCT19 infusion following HDT/ASCT, 4 patients stopped NAT at 1, 2, 6, 6months after CNCT19 infusion, respectively. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 59% of patients and CAR-T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES) occurred in 12% of patients, with 2 patients received short term of corticosteroids for grade 4 CRES. Conclusions: Our results showed that CAR T therapy could be safely administered in patients with chronic or resolved HBV infection. Considering the small sample size and the retrospectively analysis, the risk of HBV reactivation and the recommendation for prophylactic anti-HBV NAT during CAR T therapy should be further evaluated in large and prospective studies. Disclosures Lv: Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd.: Employment.

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Wagner, S. J., L. I. Friedman, and R. Y. Dodd. "Transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 7, no. 3 (July 1994): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.7.3.290.

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The incidence of sepsis caused by transfusion of bacterially contaminated blood components is similar to or less than that of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis C virus infection, yet significantly exceeds those currently estimated for transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B viruses. Outcomes are serious and may be fatal. In addition, transfusion of sterile allogenic blood can have generalized immunosuppressive effects on recipients, resulting in increased susceptibility to postoperative infection. This review examines the frequency of occurrence of transfusion-associated sepsis, the organisms implicated, and potential sources of bacteria. Approaches to minimize the frequency of sepsis are discussed, including the benefits and disadvantages of altering the storage conditions for blood. In addition, the impact of high levels of bacteria on the gross characteristics of erythrocyte and platelet concentrates is described. The potentials and limitations of current tests for detecting bacteria in blood are also discussed.

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Dennehy, Penelope H. "Active Immunization in the United States: Developments over the Past Decade." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 872–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.4.872-908.2001.

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SUMMARY The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified immunization as the most important public health advance of the 20th century. The purpose of this article is to review the changes that have taken place in active immunization in the United States over the past decade. Since 1990, new vaccines have become available to prevent five infectious diseases: varicella, rotavirus, hepatitis A, Lyme disease, and Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Improved vaccines have been developed to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, pertussis, rabies, and typhoid infections. Immunization strategies for the prevention of hepatitis B, measles, meningococcal infections, and poliomyelitis have changed as a result of the changing epidemiology of these diseases. Combination vaccines are being developed to facilitate the delivery of multiple antigens, and improved vaccines are under development for cholera, influenza, and meningococcal disease. Major advances in molecular biology have enabled scientists to devise new approaches to the development of vaccines against diseases ranging from respiratory viral to enteric bacterial infections that continue to plague the world's population.

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Bansal, Radhika, Paschalis Vergidis, Pritish Tosh, John W. Wilson, Matthew Hathcock, N. Nora Bennani, Jonas Paludo, et al. "Vaccine titers in lymphoma patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 7555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7555.

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7555 Background: While CAR-T therapy is not myelo-ablative, patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) are lymphodepleted and have prolonged B cell aplasia. The impact of CAR-T on immunologic protection from vaccine-preventable diseases (and thus the need to revaccinate) is not known. We report the vaccine titers of patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at Mayo Clinic. Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult lymphoma patients who received axi-cel from 9/2018 to 9/2020 for anti-viral and anti-bacterial titers prior to CAR-T infusion and at month 3 (MO3) post CAR-T. Results: Prior to CAR-T therapy, positive titer rate was highest for tetanus and lowest for Strep pneumoniae (Strep PNA) (Table). Similar trends were seen whether patients had stem cell transplant (ASCT) within 2 years of CAR-T (i.e. within immunization timeframe post ASCT) or not (Table). Compared to patients who had ASCT, those who did not had higher rate of positive titer for Strep PNA and lower rate for hepatitis B, Mumps, and VZV. The same trend for sero-positive rate were observed at MO3 post CAR-T. Patients with IgG<400 mg/dl received IVIG supplement for prophylaxis. Among the 23 patients who received IVIG, variable rate of conversion from negative to positive titers were seen for measles (1/2, 50%), mumps (2/3, 67%), rubella (2/3, 67%), varicella-zoster (VZV, 3/3, 100%), hepatitis A (6/6, 100%), hepatitis B (6/7, 86%) and Strep PNA (0/10, 0%). For patients who did not receive IVIG prophylaxis, there was one loss of seropositivity for Strep PNA (1/4, 25%). Conclusions: The presence of protective vaccine titers is variable for patients receiving CAR-T, regardless of recent ASCT. The loss of protective titers post CART was low. IVIG variably impacted vaccine titer status. Immunization remains important for patients with ASCT prior to CART, without completion of post ASCT immunization protocol. Further study is needed to inform the need for immunization and optimal timing post CART.[Table: see text]

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Keller, Margaret A., and E. Richard Stiehm. "Passive Immunity in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 602–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.602.

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SUMMARY Antibodies have been used for over a century in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease. They are used most commonly for the prevention of measles, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus, varicella, rabies, and vaccinia. Although their use in the treatment of bacterial infection has largely been supplanted by antibiotics, antibodies remain a critical component of the treatment of diptheria, tetanus, and botulism. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin can be used to treat certain viral infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g., cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and enterovirus infections). Antibodies may also be of value in toxic shock syndrome, Ebola virus, and refractory staphylococcal infections. Palivizumab, the first monoclonal antibody licensed (in 1998) for an infectious disease, can prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. The development and use of additional monoclonal antibodies to key epitopes of microbial pathogens may further define protective humoral responses and lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

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Tatsuno, Kenji, Yutaka Midorikawa, Tadatoshi Takayama, Shogo Yamamoto, Genta Nagae, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Hayato Nakagawa, Kazuhiko Koike, Kyoji Moriya, and Hiroyuki Aburatani. "Impact of AAV2 and Hepatitis B Virus Integration Into Genome on Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Prior Hepatitis B Virus Infection." Clinical Cancer Research 25, no. 20 (July 18, 2019): 6217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4041.

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Han, Lu, Jian Zhou, Keshu Zhou, Xinghu Zhu, Lingdi Zhao, Baijun Fang, Qingsong Yin, et al. "Safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell targeting BCMA in patients with multiple myeloma coinfected with chronic hepatitis B virus." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 2 (August 2020): e000927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000927.

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BackgroundReactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a well-recognized complication in patients with chronic or resolved HBV infection undergoing anticancer therapy. There is a risk of HBV reactivation after infusion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsWe administered B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR-T cell by infusion to nine patients with R/R MM with chronic or resolved HBV infection. Patient serum was analyzed to determine the expression of five components of HBV and the copy number of HBV DNA. HBV reactivation was defined if a patient re-exhibited hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HBV DNA regrowth after CAR-T therapy.ResultsIn one patient who was HBsAg-positive, no HBV reactivation was observed during the follow-up period of 9.8 months after administration of anti-HBV drugs before and after CAR-T therapy. Among eight patients with MM who had resolved HBV infection, two patients administered prophylactic anti-HBV drugs did not exhibit HBV reactivation. Of the six patients who did not use prophylactic antiviral drugs, five did not exhibit HBV reactivation, while one showed recurrence of HBsAg without detection of HBV DNA or damage to liver function. The best objective response rate was 100%, and the progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 months was of 88.89% (median PFS was not observed).ConclusionsThese findings showed that BCMA CAR-T cell therapy could be used in patients with R/R MM with chronic or resolved HBV infection and that antiviral drugs should be administered in these patients during CAR-T cell therapy.

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De Clercq, Erik. "Clinical Potential of the Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates Cidofovir, Adefovir, and Tenofovir in Treatment of DNA Virus and Retrovirus Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16, no. 4 (October 2003): 569–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.16.4.569-596.2003.

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SUMMARY The acyclic nucleoside phosphonates HPMPC (cidofovir), PMEA (adefovir), and PMPA (tenofovir) have proved to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of DNA virus and retrovirus infections: cidofovir against herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8), polyomavirus, papillomavirus, adenovirus, and poxvirus (variola virus, cowpox virus, vaccinia virus, molluscum contagiosum virus, and orf virus) infections; adefovir against herpesvirus, hepadnavirus (human hepatitis B virus), and retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus types 1 [HIV-1] and 2 [HIV-2], simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) infections; and tenofovir against both hepadnavirus and retrovirus infections. Cidofovir (Vistide) has been officially approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) has been approved for the treatment of HIV infections (i.e., AIDS), and adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting side effect for cidofovir (Vistide) when used intravenously (5 mg/kg); no toxic side effects have been described for adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, at the approved doses (Hepsera at 10 mg orally daily and Viread at 300 mg orally daily).

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Hulstaert, Eva, Xavier Verhelst, Anja Geerts, and Hans Van Vlierberghe. "Intramuscular hepatitis B immunoglobulins for reinfection control after liver transplantation: a cost-saving alternative." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 4, no. 3 (May 2015): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer.15.4.

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28

Kramvis, Anna. "Challenges for hepatitis B virus cure in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000619.

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29

Maepa, Mohube B., Ridhwaanah Jacobs, Fiona van den Berg, and Patrick Arbuthnot. "Recent developments with advancing gene therapy to treat chronic infection with hepatitis B virus." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000623.

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30

Calvo Bernal, MM, MM Moya Montoya, N. Campos Serrano, AP Jácome Pérez, A. Aparicio Mota, A. de Vicente Ortega, and M. Casado Martín. "Hepatitis B, C, HIV infection and liver disease in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical implications." Revista Andaluza de Patología Digestiva 45, no. 5 (January 5, 2023): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37352/2022456.1.

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Resumen Objetivos: 1. Evaluar el resultado del cribado de la infección por virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19. 2. Analizar la evolución clínica de los pacientes con COVID19 e infección viral subyacente o patología hepática previa. 3. Evaluar el efecto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la analítica hepática y su repercusión clínica. Pacientes y métodos:Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el Hospital Torrecárdenas de Almería. Incluimos los pacientes ingresados por infección SARS-CoV-2 desde marzo hasta noviembre de 2020. Se han analizado variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y analíticas. Resultados:El estudio incluyó 476 pacientes. En 50% de ellos se realizó serología VHB, VHC y VIH. Se detectaron 5 casos de infección por VHB (2.1%) y 3 por VHC (1.3%). Durante la hospitalización 294 pacientes (64%) presentaron elevación de transaminasas, 122 pacientes mostraban dichas alteraciones al ingreso. La hipertransaminasemia se asoció con menor mortalidad. La linfopenia con mayor mortalidad. La evolución clínica de los 27 pacientes con patología hepática previa fue similar al resto de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la infección por VHB y VHC en pacientes con infección SARS-CoV-2 es mayor a la estimada para la población general. En los pacientes ingresados por COVID19, la elevación de las transaminasas es frecuente y se asocia con menor mortalidad. La evolución clínica de los pacientes con infecciones hepáticas virales subyacentes y con patología hepática previa fue similar a la del resto.

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31

Blair, D. C. "A week in the life of a travel clinic." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 10, no. 4 (October 1997): 650–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.10.4.650.

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International travel has increased enormously in recent years. With the greater movement of people have come increased encounters with a wide variety of diseases: malaria, dengue, cholera, typhoid fever, Ebola virus, and many more. The need for greater scope, consistency, and knowledgeability in pretravel health care to meet these challenges has been met by the emergence of the discipline of travel medicine. Travelers are well advised to become informed of the risks they face and to take steps to minimize those risks. After reviewing a traveler's medical history and a detailed itinerary, a travel medicine practitioner can offer expert advice on behavioral modifications, immunizations, and chemoprophylaxis regimens which will increase the traveler's margin of safety. The issues most frequently addressed in a travel clinic include treatment of traveler's diarrhea, malaria chemoprophylaxis, and immunizations, for hepatitis A, typhoid fever, tetanus/diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcus, hepatitis B, polio, meningococcus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and rabies. Pretravel consultation must consider the age and underlying health problems of the traveler, the nature of the trip (wilderness, jungle, rural, urban, resort, or cruise), the duration of travel, and the latest available information on the site in terms of disease outbreaks, terrorism, and natural calamities.

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Luz, Dinah Lopes Marques, Bruna Letícia Gomes Costa Wanderley, Antonio Fernando Silva Xavier Júnior, and Laércio Pol-Fachin. "Perfil epidemiológico das hepatites B e C em Maceió-AL no período de 2010-2020." Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde 13, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): e9200. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reas.e9200.2021.

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Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes infectados pelo vírus da hepatite B e C no período de 2010-2020 na cidade de Maceió - AL. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, do tipo transversal, realizado a partir de dados não nominais, extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), disponibilizados em planilhas de Excel pela secretaria de saúde municipal. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio de estatística descritiva das variáveis estudadas: sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor, nível de escolaridade e apresentação clínica. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas para os valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados: O número de infectados por hepatites virais no município de Maceió de 2010 a 2020 foi de 2.570 casos. As infecções mais prevalentes foram decorrentes de HBV e HCV, sem qualquer notificação de HDV e HEV. Conclusão: Na capital alagoana as hepatites mais predominantes são B e C, onde a B foi a mais prevalente de 2010 a 2020. Sendo o sexo masculino, indivíduos na faixa etária dos 40 aos 59 anos, de raça parda, com ensino fundamental incompleto e em fase crônica da doença os mais acometidos.

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Yeo, Winnie, Edwin P. Hui, Anthony T. C. Chan, Wing M. Ho, Kwok C. Lam, Paul K. S. Chan, Tony S. K. Mok, Jam J. Lee, Frankie K. F. Mo, and Philip J. Johnson. "Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Lamivudine." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 4 (August 2005): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.coc.0000159554.97885.88.

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34

Bansal, Radhika, Paschalis Vergidis, Pritish K. Tosh, John Wilson, Matthew Hathcock, Arushi Khurana, N. Nora Bennani, et al. "Vaccine Titers in Lymphoma Patients Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153500.

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Abstract Background: While CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) therapy does not use myeloablative chemotherapy, patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with CAR-T are immunosuppressed from lymphodepletion chemotherapy, and prolonged B cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinemia from CAR-T. The impact of CAR-T on immunologic protection from vaccine-preventable diseases (and thus the need to revaccinate) has not been formally studied. We report the vaccine titers of patients treated with CAR-T at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received CAR-T from 9/2018 to 4/2021 for treatment of aggressive lymphoma at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Data was collected on anti-viral and anti-bacterial titers prior to CAR-T infusion and at month 3 post CAR-T. Clinical assays for vaccine titers were used for patient assessment and threshold for clinical assays was used to define antibody titer as positive or negative. Results: In our cohort of 87 CAR-T patients, 83 (94%) patients were infused with axicabtagene ciloleucel, 4 (5%) patients received brexucabtagene autoleucel and 1 (1%) received tisagenlecleucel. Prior to CAR-T therapy, positive titer rate was highest for tetanus and lowest for Streptococcus pneumoniae (Strep PNA). Similar trends were seen whether patients had autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) within 2 years of CAR-T (i.e. within immunization timeframe post ASCT) or not (Table 1). At 3 months post CAR-T, overall seropositivity rates were similar when compared to pre-CAR-T levels for the prior transplant and no prior transplant group. For patients who had received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) supplement prophylactically (for IVIG<400 mg/dl), seropositivity rate for Strep PNA remained zero (Table 1). Among the 30 patients who received IVIG, variable rate of conversion from negative to positive titers were seen for measles (1/2, 50%), mumps (3/5, 60%), rubella (3/4, 75%), varicella-zoster (VZV, 4/4, 100%), hepatitis A (8/9, 89%) and hepatitis B (10/12, 83%). For patients who did not receive IVIG prophylaxis after CAR-T, seropositivity rate for hepatitis A and B was low. In addition, some of these patients had a loss of seropositivity for Strep PNA (2/5, 40%) and hepatitis A (1/4, 25%). Conclusion: The presence of protective vaccine titers is variable for patients receiving CAR-T therapy, regardless of recent ASCT. The loss of protective titers post CAR-T was low. The need for immunization post CAR-T may remain important regardless of transplant status prior to CAR-T. Prophylactic IVIG does not confer complete immunization protection. Optimal timing for immunization post CAR-T is probably unknown and may need to be considered earlier for patients not on prophylactic IVIG. Further study with longer follow-up is needed to inform the need for immunization and optimal timing post CAR-T. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Bennani: Kymera: Other: Advisory Board; Vividion: Other: Advisory Board; Kyowa Kirin: Other: Advisory Board; Daichii Sankyo Inc: Other: Advisory Board; Purdue Pharma: Other: Advisory Board; Verastem: Other: Advisory Board. Paludo: Karyopharm: Research Funding. Wang: LOXO Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eli Lilly: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; InnoCare: Research Funding. Ansell: Bristol Myers Squibb, ADC Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics, Regeneron, Affimed, AI Therapeutics, Pfizer, Trillium and Takeda: Research Funding. Lin: Sorrento: Consultancy; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Vineti: Consultancy; Juno: Consultancy; Legend: Consultancy; Gamida Cell: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding.

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35

Huang, Jian, Fu-Chen Liu, Li Li, Sheng-Xian Yuan, Yuan Yang, Bei-Ge Jiang, Hui Liu, and Ze-Ya Pan. "Prognostic Nomogram for Hepatitis B Virus–related Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization After Radical Resection." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 43, no. 1 (January 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coc.0000000000000619.

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36

Beltrami, Elise M., Ian T. Williams, Craig N. Shapiro, and Mary E. Chamberland. "Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.3.385.

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SUMMARY Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal exposure of workers to the blood or body fluids of infected patients. Prospective studies of HCWs have estimated that the average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure is approximately 0.3%, the risk of HBV transmission is 6 to 30%, and the risk of HCV transmission is approximately 1.8%. To minimize the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission from HCWs to patients, all HCWs should adhere to standard precautions, including the appropriate use of hand washing, protective barriers, and care in the use and disposal of needles and other sharp instruments. Employers should have in place a system that includes written protocols for prompt reporting, evaluation, counseling, treatment, and follow-up of occupational exposures that may place a worker at risk of blood-borne pathogen infection. A sustained commitment to the occupational health of all HCWs will ensure maximum protection for HCWs and patients and the availability of optimal medical care for all who need it.

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Moon, Yuseok, Seok Goo Cho, Jong Wook Lee, Woo Sung Min, Chun Choo Kim, Hae-Kyung Lee, Yong-Goo Kim, et al. "Protective Effect of Irradiated Renal Carcinoma Expressing Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Against Renal-Cell Carcinoma–Mediated Tumors." Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2006.21.211.

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38

Rey, Esther, Patricia Marañón, and Águeda González-Rodríguez. "SOFOSBUVIR TREATMENT IMPROVES HEPATITIS C VIRUS-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, no. 87(01) (2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2021.87.01.01.

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Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sofosbuvir (SOF) on HCV-induced insulin resistance. Clinical parameters were recorded and insulin resistance index (HOMA) calculated from 42 insulin-resistant HCV-patients who underwent SOF-based regimens, at baseline, at the end of treatment (EoT), and at one year after the EoT. Likewise, Huh7 cells expressing full-length HCV replicons were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in insulin action regulated by SOF. All patients reached a sustained virological response after SOF treatment and, as expected, a significant reduction in liver damage markers and fibrosis stage was observed at the EoT that remained one year later. HOMA significantly improved throughout the study time period. Besides, an increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels were maintained over time after the EoT. At the molecular level, SOF treatment improved the activation of the insulin signalling cascade after stimulation with the hormone in HCV-hepatocytes and, accordingly, reversed the elevated expression of gluconeogenic genes, the increased glucose production and the impairment of glycogen synthesis induced by HCV. Furthermore, SOF challenge induced an increase of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) content parallel to a reduction in its serine phosphorylation in HCV-hepatocytes. These results provide novel evidence about the molecular mechanisms involved in the hepatic insulin sensitization induced by SOF treatment involving the recovery of IRS1 protein levels as a hallmark of SOF effects.

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39

Tang, Kevin, and Loretta J. Nastoupil. "Real-World Experiences of CAR T-Cell Therapy for Large B-Cell Lymphoma: How Similar Are They to the Prospective Studies?" Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jipo-21-2.

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ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a revolutionary treatment option for highly aggressive B cell malignancies. Clinical trials of CD19 CAR T cells for the management of relapsed and/or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have shown markedly improved survival and response rates. The goal of this review is to evaluate whether the results from these clinical trials are reflective of real-world practices through the analysis of published literature of the commercially available CAR T cell products. We have found that despite the significantly different patient characteristics, the adverse events and response rates of real-world patients were similar to those of the clinical trials. Of interest, several groups excluded from the clinical trials, such as patients with HIV infection, chronic viral hepatitis, and secondary CNS (central nervous system) lymphoma, had case reports of promising outcomes.

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40

De Clercq, Erik, and Guangdi Li. "Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, no. 3 (June 8, 2016): 695–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00102-15.

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SUMMARYSince the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the following 9 human infectious diseases: (i) HIV infections (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (ii) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections (lamivudine, interferons, nucleoside analogues, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (iii) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (ribavirin, interferons, NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and NS5B polymerase inhibitors), (iv) herpesvirus infections (5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, entry inhibitors, nucleoside analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and acyclic guanosine analogues), (v) influenza virus infections (ribavirin, matrix 2 protein inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors), (vi) human cytomegalovirus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and oligonucleotides), (vii) varicella-zoster virus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, nucleoside analogues, 5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, and antibodies), (viii) respiratory syncytial virus infections (ribavirin and antibodies), and (ix) external anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus infections (imiquimod, sinecatechins, and podofilox). Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of antiviral drugs approved over the past 50 years, shedding light on the development of effective antiviral treatments against current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.

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41

Fang, Yixuan, Boxu Liu, and Wenze Song. "CAR-T Therapy: A Promising Cancer Treatment." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 8 (August 17, 2022): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v8i.1116.

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CAR-T therapy is a new clinical treatment option. It is the focus of an increasing number of researches, all of which suggested that it has a beneficial therapeutic effect on a variety of diseases, especially blood cancer. In this paper, clinic applications of CAR-T therapy for many diseases are listed, including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hepatitis B, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The differences between CAR-T therapy and other cancer treatments like tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte and T cell receptor therapy were discussed, standard biological medicines, and antibody-mediated anti-cancer drugs. The study also looks at the limitations and side-effects of CAR-T therapy, such as toxicity, and missing the target. The disadvantages, constraints, and options for improvement were also discussed in the paper. To summarize, CAR-T therapy has a good therapeutic function on some illnesses, although it is still in the experimental stage and is not commonly used in the clinic. In the near future, CAR-T therapy is likely to be used in a rising range of therapeutic therapies. In general, this paper can help get a better knowledge of CAR-T treatment, as well as a more exact comprehension of its future evolution.

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42

Woo, Hyun Goo, Eun Sung Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Ju Han Kim, Ju-Seog Lee, Bum Joon Park, Won Kim, et al. "Gene Expression–Based Recurrence Prediction of Hepatitis B Virus–Related Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Clinical Cancer Research 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 2056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1473.

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43

Feldmann, Georg, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Jacob Nattermann, Brigitte Banas, Thomas Berg, Christian Teschendorf, Wolff Schmiegel, et al. "Induction of Interleukin-6 by Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein in Hepatitis C–Associated Mixed Cryoglobulinemia and B-Cell Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma." Clinical Cancer Research 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2006): 4491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0154.

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44

Sleijffers, Annemarie, Johan Garssen, Frank R. Gruijl, Greet J. Boland, Jan Hattum, Willem A. Vloten, and Henk Loveren. "UVB Exposure Impairs Immune Responses After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Two Different Mouse Strains¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 75, no. 5 (May 2002): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750541ueiira2.0.co2.

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45

Tamori, Akihiro, Yoshihiro Yamanishi, Shuichi Kawashima, Minoru Kanehisa, Masaru Enomoto, Hiromu Tanaka, Shoji Kubo, Susumu Shiomi, and Shuhei Nishiguchi. "Alteration of Gene Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Integrated Hepatitis B Virus DNA." Clinical Cancer Research 11, no. 16 (August 15, 2005): 5821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2055.

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46

Cao, Wenyue, Jia Wei, Na Wang, Hao Xu, Min Xiao, Lifang Huang, Yang Cao, et al. "Entecavir prophylaxis for hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with CAR T-cell therapy." Blood 136, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020004907.

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47

Sleijffers, Annemarie, Arthur Kammeyer, Frank R. Gruijl, Greet J. Boland, Jan Hattum, Willem A. Vloten, Henk Loveren, Marcel B. M. Teunissen, and Johan Garssen. "Epidermal cis-Urocanic Acid Levels Correlate with Lower Specific Cellular Immune Responses After Hepatitis B Vaccination of Ultraviolet B-exposed Humans¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 77, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770271ecualc2.0.co2.

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48

Pamatika, Christian Maucler, Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpindé, Aint-Calvaire Henri Dieme, Geoffroy Ndakouzou Kongo, Geoffroy Ndakouzou Kongo, Régina Edwige Lenguetama Kodia, Hyacinthe Nguida, and Jean de Dieu Longo. "Prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis B in Bangui and Bimbo in the Central African Republic: cases of regular voluntary donors not eligible for blood donations." Annales Africaines de Medecine 15, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): e4810-e4817. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v15i4.7.

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Context and objective. Viral hepatitis B (VHB) by its evolution can lead to recovery or to a chronic form. This chronic form, a source of new contaminations, is not documented among voluntary blood donors (VBD) in Bangui and Bimbo. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic VHB among VBD in the two cities in the Central African Republic (CAR). Methods. The study carried out at the Bangui National Blood Transfusion Center was retrospective and focused on serological control data from VBD from Bangui, capital of CAR and Bimbo. The exhaustive sampling is from July 2013 to December 2019. A VBD carries a chronic infection if the VHB surface antigen persists for more than six months. Results. Serological control data from 702 VBD aged 18 to 62 years were analyzed. Male sex predominated at inclusion (n = 598). The prevalence of chronic VHB was 70.5 %. This prevalence was higher among young VBD aged 25 to 34 years (30.4 %), the male gender (58.4 %) and VBD residing in Bangui (61.2 %). The chronic form was significantly associated with young age (18 to 44 years) and male sex (p< 5%). Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C was found in 5.5 % of cases (39/702). Conclusion. The prevalence of chronic VHB is very high in VBD from Bangui and Bimbo. The chronic form was significantly associated with age and sex. Free viral load and antiviral treatment are prospects to be implemented.

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Samba, D., M. Abdou-Chekaraou, L. Gina, S. Brichler, C. Sholtés, N. Martel, J. O. Ouavéné, et al. "437 ANRS 12202: HEPATITIS B AND DELTA HEPATITIS IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (CAR): VIROLOGICAL REASSESSMENT OF A FULMINANT HEPATITIS OUTBREAK OCCURRING IN THE MID EIGHTIES." Journal of Hepatology 56 (April 2012): S173—S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(12)60450-4.

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50

Hong, Jisu, Youngjin Choi, Yoonjoo Choi, Jiwoo Lee, and Hyo Jeong Hong. "Epitope–Paratope Interaction of a Neutralizing Human Anti-Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 Antibody That Recognizes the Receptor-Binding Motif." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070754.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health burden that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. To develop an HBV-neutralizing antibody that effectively prevents HBV infection, we previously generated a human anti-preS1 monoclonal antibody (1A8) that binds to genotypes A–D and validated its HBV-neutralizing activity in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to determine the fine epitope and paratope of 1A8 to understand the mechanism of HBV neutralization. We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the preS1 (aa 19–34, genotype C) and the heavy (HCDR) and light (LCDR) chain complementarity-determining regions. The 1A8 recognized the three residues (Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25) within the highly conserved receptor-binding motif (NPLGFFP) of the preS1, while four CDR residues of 1A8 were critical in antigen binding. Structural analysis of the epitope–paratope interaction by molecular modeling revealed that Leu100 in the HCDR3, Ala50 in the HCDR2, and Tyr96 in the LCDR3 closely interacted with Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25 of the preS1. Additionally, we found that 1A8 also binds to the receptor-binding motif (NPLGFLP) of infrequently occurring HBV. The results suggest that 1A8 may broadly and effectively block HBV entry and thus have potential as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.

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Статті в журналах з теми "Hepatitis B cor"

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