Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Héparane sulfates"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Héparane sulfates":
Laboux, T., M. Maanaoui, F. Allain, J. B. Gibier, A. Denys, A. Ydee, M. Hazzan, V. Gnemmi, and M. Frimat. "L’altération des héparane sulfates du glycocalyx endothélial glomérulaire dans les microangiopathies thrombotiques est associée à l’hémolyse et à l’activation locale du complément." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 17, no. 5 (September 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2021.07.302.
Legeai-Mallet, Laurence, and Jacky Bonaventure. "Les exostosines : des protéines impliquées dans la biosynthèse des héparanes sulfates." médecine/sciences 18, no. 1 (January 2002): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/200218123.
Дисертації з теми "Héparane sulfates":
Duval, Stéphanie. "Imagerie du microenvironnement matriciel tumoral : les héparanes mimétiques." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3802.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), like all proteoglycans (PG), consisting of a protein portion and a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), heparan sulphate (HS) for HSPG. They are part of the extracellular matrix (ECM). PG are able, through their GAG, to bind a number of partners such as growth factors, chemokines, cytokines or enzymes. They regulate the bioavailability of many soluble mediators and thus their biological activity. They are thus involved in the regulation of many processes such as proliferation, differentiation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis... In addition, it was shown that the binding of proteins having a heparan binding site (HB) with HS of HSPG protect them from enzymatic degradation. However, HSPG are among the first components of the ECM to be digested by heparanase during cellular tissue damage. This digestion makes HB sites available and proteins are sensitive to proteolytic degradation. It is in order to protect the HSBP (heparan sulfate binding protein) that was developed technology heparan mimetics (HM) that will replace the degraded HS on available HB sites and protect proteins of middle injured. These HM, already used as a therapeutic agent of the ECM, are identified in this use under the symbol RGTA for regenerating agent because they increase the speed and quality of the tissue repair, potentially leading to a true tissue regeneration. During tumor development and metastasis, it has been shown that the enzymatic activity of heparanase is multiplied, leading to an increased degradation of HS. In this context, the HM will be able to fix this matrix injured hence the idea of their diagnostic use in oncology. Using labeled HM (HM*) with a radioisotope such as fluorine-18 (18F) and followed by molecular imaging PETScan (positon emission tomography with scanner associated) should allow a particularly efficient marking of the matrix surrounding metastatic and tumor cells. HM* could indeed target ECM involved, through its early degradation in the processes of tumor growth and tumor spread and become a new marker oncology in molecular imaging. To date, among the various studied cancer markers, none address the matrix compartment. The use of HM* should allow the detection of peri-tumor and find a place in the early diagnosis of cancer and the therapeutic monitoring
Alavi, Naini Seydeh Maryam. "Etude de la physiopathologie des tauopathies dans le modèle de poisson zèbre : Implication des héparanes sulfates." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077215.
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. A cardinal feature of tauopathies is hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein in brain. The pathophysiology of tauopathies is poorly understood, and to date there is no measure to prevent or even slow the progression of disease. -Several studies indicate that heparan sulfates (polymers of sulfated polysaccharides attached to a core protein) play a significant role in tau hyperphosphorylation, but the nature of the heparan sulfates involved in the pathological processes and their precise function in the pathogenesis of tauopathy remains unknown. The aim of my thesis was to shed light on the role of heparan sulfates in tauopathies. For my work, I used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] that expresses the human tau protein carrying the P301L mutation responsible for frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. This transgenic line reproduces an important pathophysiological feature of tauopathies: abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. In the first part of my thesis, I participated in research designed to investigate the role of 3-O-sulfotransferase-2 (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of heparan sulfate) in tau hyperphosphorylation, using the Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] line. With a genetic approach,. Ie. Inactivation of 3-0- sulfotransferase-2 by injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides in Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] embryos, I have shown that this enzyme (and therefore the heparan sulfates with sulfated residues in position 3 of glucosamine) play a key role in pathological tau hyperphosphorylation. Indeed, partial inactivation of the 3-0- sulfotransferase-2 in these embryos induces a 60% decrease in the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated forms of tau. This work points to heparan sulfates as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. In the second part of my thesis, I worked on finding small molecule antagonists of heparan sulfates capable of inhibiting the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. I discovered that two heparan sulfate antagonist molecules (surfen and oxalyl-surfen) not only significantly decrease tau hyperphosphorylation in Tg[HuC::hTauP301L/DsRed] embryos but can also partially rescue the axonal defects and fasciculation of primary motor neurons caused by expression of the mutated human tau. Taken together, my findings highlight the key role of heparan sulfate in the pathophysiology of tauopathies, and open promising perspectives in the search for therapeutic strategies for tackling these disorders
Sikora, Anne-Sophie. "Étude de la régulation des enzymes de modification des héparanes sulfates en condition inflammatoire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10208.
Heparan sulfates (HS) are produced from a non-sulfated precursor, which is then subjected to the actions of several sulfotransferases. Thereafter, HS can undergo a last modification catalyzed by secreted 6-O-endosulfatases named Sulfs. These modifications do not take place uniformly in the same chain, resulting in a complex organization that influences the functions of many binding proteins. Recent works have highlighted the involvement of HS in the regulation of the inflammatory response. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of HS-modifying enzymes. Thus, my thesis focused on the regulation of the HS biosynthetic machinery in response to inflammatory stimuli. In the first part, I studied the variations of expression of 3-O-sulfotransferases (3-OSTs) in monocytes. This study showed that 3-OST3B was rapidly up-regulated in response to TLR agonists and TNF-α. Thereafter, the high level of expression was stabilized by post-transcriptional mechanisms. The second part of my thesis was dedicated to the regulation of HS 6-O-sulfation. Although the expression of 6-O-sulfotransferases was not modified in response to inflammatory stimuli, the expression of Sulf-1 was strongly induced in fibroblasts exposed to TNF-α. The high expression of Sulf-1 was accompanied by a decrease in the rate of 6-O-sulfated HS and by the desensitization of fibroblasts to FGF-1. Altogether, these results suggest that 3-OST3B and Sulf-1 could participate in the regulation of the inflammatory response by modifying HS structure
Xu, Yan. "Caractérisation des interactions du virus de l'hépatite C avec les protéoglycanes à héparane sulfate." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S021/document.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatocytes is a complex multistep process involving a series of cellular factors. HCV entry is initiated by the binding of viral particles to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) structures. However, due to the lipoprotein-like structure of HCV, the exact contribution of virion components to this interaction remains controversial. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of HCV envelope proteins and apolipoprotein E in the HS-binding step. Deletion of hypervariable region 1, a region previously proposed to be involved in HS-binding, did not alter HCV virion binding to HS, indicating that this region is not involved in this interaction. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing different regions of HCV envelope glycoproteins were also used in a pull-down assay with beads coated with heparin, a close HS structural homologue. Although isolated HCV envelope glycoproteins could interact with heparin, none of these antibodies was able to interfere with virion-heparin interaction, strongly suggesting that, at the virion surface HCV envelope glycoproteins are not accessible for HS binding. In contrast, results from kinetic studies, heparin pull-down and inhibition experiments with anti-apolipoprotein E antibodies indicate that this apolipoprotein plays a major role in HCV-HS interaction. Finally, characterization of HS structural determinants required for HCV infection by silencing enzymes involved in the HS biosynthesis pathway and by competition with modified heparin indicated that N- and 6-O-sulfation but not 2-O-sulfation are required for HCV infection, and that the minimum HS oligosaccharide length required for HCV infection is a decasaccharide. Together, these data indicate that HCV hijacks apolipoprotein E to initiate its interaction with specific HS structures
Mathieu, Cyrille. "Pathogenèse de l’infection par le virus Nipah." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10287.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic Paramyxovirus that emerged in 1998 in Malaysia from frugivorous bats. The outbreaks of this encephalitic virus still occur annually in India and Bangladesh with the mortality rate reaching up to 90%. The lack of an effective vaccine or treatment limits experimentation with live virus to specially equipped BioSafety Level 4 laboratories. Studies of the interaction between the virus and blood cells revealed that NiV uses Heparan sulfates to stick on the surface of leukocytes for its dissemination within the host and reach endothelial cells. Heparin provided de possibility to inhibit this mechanism of transinfection, such as the infection in vitro and in vivo, opening new perspectives of low cost treatment for emerging countries. Then, transcriptomic analysis of NiV infected endothelial cells revealed the importance of cytokine in the pathogenesis. While CXCL10 appears as a good marker of encephalitis, interferon type 1 explains why mice are resistant to the infection with NiV. Finally, we show the essential role of the non structural C protein of NiV in its virulence, by limiting the interferon response, unbalancing the chemokine response during the infection and through the regulation of the genomic/antigenomic balance during the viral replication cycle. These results shed new light on NiV related pathogenesis and open new perspectives of treatment against this highly lethal zoonotic virus
Colombier, Marie-Laure. "Effets d'un analogue des héparane-sulfates (CMDBS K) sur un modèle de plaie crânienne standardisée chez le rat." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05M104.
Jaime, Rodríguez Juan Carlos. "Unveiling Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Conformations : a Journey into Paramagnetic NMR Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF016.
Heparin (HP) and heparan sulfates (HS) are linear and sulfated polysaccharides that play various biological roles, including cell growth, adhesion, viral recognition, and cancer metastasis. Their molecular diversity and sulfation pattern contribute to their biological versatility. Furthermore, their conformational flexibility has been studied through methods such as X-ray crystallography and NMR. Despite advancements, interpreting these features remains challenging, especially for long saccharides. This thesis proposes the use of paramagnetic NMR, particularly pseudo-contact shifts (PCS) measurements, in studying the conformation of HS molecules. Results obtained on an HS octasaccharide show a correlation between experimental PCS and molecular dynamics simulations, suggesting specific conformations of IdoA motifs. These findings expand the applications of paramagnetic NMR, paving the way for a thorough analysis of protein-polysaccharide interactions
Hellec, Charles. "Implication des héparanes sulfates 3-O-sulfotransférases (HS3STs) dans les processus cellulaires associés au cancer." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1S107/document.
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide in which the sulfation pattern determines the biological properties. The last step of HS maturation is catalyzed by the HS 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3ST), which are represented by seven isozymes. The functions of HS3STs in cancer progression are still controversial. In this context, we focused our investigations on the roles of these enzymes in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. First, we found that transient expression of HS3ST2, 3B and 4 enhanced their proliferation and survival. It turns out that these effects are related to an increase in the activation of Src and Akt. Complementary to this, we observed an increase in the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. In line with these findings, we showed that HS3ST-transfected cells were more resistant to cell death induced by pro-apoptotic stimuli or NK cells. These results suggest that, in addition to increasing cellular growth, 3-O-sulfated HS can also protect cancer cells against the immune system. Neuropilin-1 was recently described as a preferential ligand of 3-O-sulfated HS. Thus, we investigated the role of this co-receptor in MDA-MB-231 cells that carry a stable expression of HS3ST3B. We demonstrated that silencing neuropilin-1 resulted in reduced proliferation and survival, which was associated with a strong decrease in Src and Akt activation. These last results support a model in which HS3ST-modified HS may display tumor-promoting functions through the interaction with neuropilin-1. Overall, our findings suggest that the expression of certain HS3STs in cancer cells could be associated with a bad prognosis
Haddad, Oualid. "Etude des effets pro-angiogéniques du fucoïdane de bas poids moléculaire : implication des syndécannes et des enzymes impliquées dans la biosynthése et la dégradation des héparanes sulfates." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD078.
Induction of angiogenesis is a potential treatment for chronic ischemia. In this study we propose the analysis of pro-angiogenic treatment with fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweeds, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. Herein we used the low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), which presents a good affinity for pro-angiogenic factors(VEGF, SDF-1/CXCL12). The LMWF was mainly internalized through human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) clathrin-dependent endocytosis (in 2h) in which GAGs were partially involved. Our results showed that LMWF induced migration and angiogenesis in HUVEC. Interestingly, in a GAG-free HUVECs model, LMWF still kept a pro-angiogenic potential. In addition, we reported the implication of two heparan sulfate (HS) metabolism enzymes, exostosin-2 (EXT2) and heparanase (HPSE), and syndecan-4 (SDC-4) in LMWF induced angiogenesis. LMWF-treated and EXT2- or HPSE-siRNA-transfected cells shows that EXT2 or HPSE expression significantly affects the LMWF pro-angiogenic potential. In addition, LMWF increased SDC-1, but decreased SDC-4 expression. We studied the LMWF implication in SDC-1 and SDC-4 expression in rat model of intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury. Our results showed that LMWF treatment of injured artery increased SDC-1 expression, but decreased SDC-4 expression in the neointima layer. Our data indicate that EXT2, HPSE, and SDC-4 are involved in the pro-angiogenic effects of LMWF, suggesting that the HS metabolism changes linked to LMWF-induced angiogenesis offer the opportunity for new therapeutic approach for ischemic diseases treatment
Pegeot, Mathieu. "Etudes structurales par RMN des profils Saccharidiques d'Héparanes sulfates et de leur régulation cellulaire : Mise en place d'un protocole de marquage, de purification et d'analyse de chaines entières." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV056/document.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) belong to a linear polysaccharide family which are found within all tissues, at the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces levels. Heparan Sulfates (HS) are one of the major members of this family, they are bound to a core protein to form altogether the so-called proteoglycan (PG). Depending on the localization and on the core protein, the HS – composed of a N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and a glucuronic acid (GlcA) [-4GlcAβ1-4GlcNAcα1-] building block – undergo various modifications. Indeed, HS can be sulfated at different positions on both monosaccharide and the GlcA can be epimerized into an iduronic acid (IdoA). The fine structures of the polysaccharide will be able to interact with a large range of proteins and play a plethora of roles such as in inflammation processes, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune responses, viral attachment…The HS structural studies, due to the flexibility and heterogeneity of the polysaccharide, have so far been restricted to HS fragments able to bind proteins. The depolymerization techniques induce valuable information losses such as epimerization.In this work, we have successfully developed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based approach to study HS features from 13C metabolically enriched cells. For this, an effective protocol to label and purify HS has been set up. By integrating peaks' volumes at well-resolved 1H-13C chemical shifts by NMR, the sulfation, epimerization and disaccharide profile can be determined from full-length HS. This method has been used to study HS from various cell types and is of important interest to better understand changes in HS structures that occur through physiologic and pathologic events.The results obtained open the way to analyze HS directly at the cell surface via solid state NMR techniques. In this context, these studies are a major challenge to decipher the different roles of HS and their ability to interact with so many partners in vivo
Книги з теми "Héparane sulfates":
Conrad, H. Edward. Heparin-binding proteins. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.
Conrad, H. Edward. Heparin-Binding Proteins. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 1997.