Дисертації з теми "Hémorragie cérébrale – Imagerie par résonance magnétique"
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Derex, Laurent. "Étude IRM des facteurs prédictifs du pronostic clinique et du risque hémorragique des infarctus cérébraux traités par thrombolyse intraveineuse." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10076.
Повний текст джерелаSchaeffer, Mathilde. "Lésions cérébrales induites par hypoxie ou hypoxie-ischémie prénatale : étude par immunohistochimie et imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire (IRM)." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077112.
Повний текст джерелаGaberel, Thomas. "Hémorragie cérébrale spontanée et système de la fibrinolyse : aspects physiopathologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN3002.
Повний текст джерелаSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) are a severe form of stroke. ICH might be associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). In a meta-analysis of clinical trials, we have shown that the injection of a fibrinolytic agent within the ventricles improves the outcome of patients with severe IVH. However, the results depend on the fibrinolytic agent used: tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) appeared as not beneficial, whereas Urokinase was. This difference could be due to the neurotoxic properties of tPA, which we investigated then in a murine model of IVH. When comparing both fibrinolytic agents, we found that, unlike Urokinase, tPA increased neuronal death and inflammation, resulting in a neurological outcome worse than after treatment with Urokinase. TPA is noxious by promoting NMDA-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission. Accordingly, since ICH induces an overexpression of tPA in an intend of hematoma clearance, this endogenous tPA could also have toxic action via its effect on NMDA receptors. We have treated rats suffering from an ICH with an antibody inhibiting the interaction between tPA and NMDA receptors. This strategy decreased neuronal death and inflammation around the hematoma, resulting in a better functional outcome. MRI is the imaging modality of choice for stroke diagnosis, especially to differentiate hemorrhagic and ischemic cases. Many stroke patients are treated by oxygen therapy. But oxygen alters MRI signals. In mice, we found that T2* evidence of ICH disappear under oxygen therapy. This could lead to wrong diagnoses, but we have also shown that this phenomenon might be helpful in improving the sensitivity of PWI or molecular imaging
Goulay, Romain. "Hémorragies intracrâniennes & système glymphatique." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3161.
Повний текст джерелаCerebral hemorrhage is the most severe form of stroke. This pathology is divided into two major phases: a primary lesion created by the release of fresh blood from a vascular breach or a ruptured aneurysm, then a secondary lesion resulting from inflammatory and edematous processes. Lately, it has been shown that intracerebral hemorrhage causes dysfunction of the glymphatic system in rodents, the system of cerebral metabolites drainage. My work consisted on finding therapeutic strategies using several models of hemorrhages and several animal species. It was thus demonstrated that the use of an optimized tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) with in situ fibrinolysis allows drainage of intracerebral hemorrhage without potentiation of edema. In contrast, tPA appears to be a key element of the process leading to aneurysmal rupture, and should be considered as a new target to prevent the growth and rupture of this vascular anomaly, usually causing a subarachnoid hemorrhage. My work has also revealed a disturbance in the glymphatic system of primate. The intraventricular injection of tPA would rescue the glymphatic perfusion resulting in the drainage of waste products during a hemorrhage
Puy, Laurent. "Mécanismes et Conséquences de l’Oedème Cérébral sur le Pronostic des Hémorragies IntraCérébrales Spontanées." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS058.
Повний текст джерелаSpontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a dramatic prognosis and remains devoid of specific treatment. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of ICH pathology and repair is a matter of high priority. The peri-haemorrhagic zone, commonly called "peri-haematomal oedema" (PHE), might be a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. However, its underlying mechanisms, natural evolution and prognostic value remain to date unclear. This thesis aimed at studying the mechanisms and consequences of this PHE. To do so, we combined an experimental (animal model of ICH) and a neuropathological (post-mortem study on human tissue) approach.We used the double autologous blood injection model to reproduce ICH in a large cohort of male and female rats. In a first study, we showed how multimodal MRI is a reliable tool to track the dynamic progression of peri-haematomal injuries and we characterized the kinetics of different PHE components (water content, [micro]-vessel injuries, neuro-inflammation and iron deposits). In a second study, we investigated the short and long-term consequences of ICH. We reported that a deep ICH provokes long term cognitive impairments in rats that affects both hippocampal and non hippocampal aspects of cognition contrasting with early spontaneous locomotor recovery. We also showed that focal striatal ICH induces distant brain atrophy and hypometabolism involving limbic system structures and cortical areas. We included 19 cases of patients who died from ICH in a post-mortem study. We provided evidence for Neutrophil extracellular Traps (NETs) infiltration within the haematoma core but also and within the PHE. We also investigated the natural kinetic of natural blood clearance process after ICH in human brain tissue with a focus on the monocyte-macrophage scavenger receptor (CD163)/hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Our findings contribute to refine our perception of PHE, to optimize the translational pipeline and, hopefully, to identify innovative therapeutic strategies for ICH
Fortin, Alexandre. "Simulation d'expériences d'angiographie cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS038/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the last decades, magnetic resonance angiography has been used as a clinical routine for precise and non-invasive exploration of vessels, as well as for diagnosis of the most common neurovascular diseases. Several dedicated methods were developed to simulate specifically the process of angiographic acquisitions. Though, currently, most of advanced MRI simulators are exclusively specialized in static tissues imaging. This work was carried out to expand the possibilities of one of those simulators in order to propose a complete tool for MRI simulation of flow motion.The efficiency of this approach is proven by replicating the main angiographic pulse sequences and the most common flow artifacts. Finally, applications are provided on simulations of blood flow in realistic vessels geometries
Chipon, Emilie. "IRM fonctionnelle quantitative appliquée à la vasoréacivité cérébrale." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10003.
Повний текст джерелаIn neurosciences and medicine, functional imaging of brain perfusion is a mean to characterize regional variations of neuro-vascular coupling and alterations of the vasoreactivity to circulating gases in patients. Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is an MRI method which provides a quantitative and reproductible measure of brain perfusion and its dynamical changes, without the need for injection of contrast agents. This thesis presents the implementation of an MRI sequence for the quantification of cerebral blood flow by ASL and its optimization for the study of cerebral vasoreactivity. To obtain a quantitative measure with maximal sensitivity, numerical simulations and experiments on healthy subjects have allowed to optimize: the amplitude of RF pulses, the inversion pulse delays to suppress static signal, the limits of the position of the tagging band with respect to the RF resonator, the minimal allowable gap between tagging band and region of interest, the bolus duration and delay time before acquisition. An original method to rapidly caracterize the bolus of labeled blood in each session has been developed to provide an optimal parametrization of the sequence for each subject. These methods have been used to characterize the effects of inhalation of oxygen and carbogen mixtures with varying CO2 concentrations on perfusion in healthy subjects. In parallel, the same perfusion methods are used in a study to characterize cerebral vasoreactivity in Alzheimer's Disease patients
Bourgeois, Marc. "Correction des mouvements intra-image en imagerie d'activation cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10143.
Повний текст джерелаBlanc, Frédéric. "Neuromyélite optique de Devic : troubles cognitifs et imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BLANC_Frederic_2010.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBackground : Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by myelitis and optic neuritis. Brain MRI is usually normal at the beginning of the disease. Moreover, brain inflammatory lesions are found in less 10% of cases. Cognitive testing has never been done before this study. Methods and Results: We compared 30 NMO patients to 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 30 healthy subjects, using the BCcogSEP. Cognitive impairment was found to be the same in NMO (57%) and MS (37%) patients: a frontal subcortical cognitive impairment. In MR-spectroscopy, in normal appearing white matter (WM), an grey matter (GM), we found no abnormalities. Global and focal brain volumes were analyzed in 32 NMO patients and 32 controls for WM and GM using SIENAx and VBM methods. We found a diminished global and focal WM, and coherent correlations between global and focal WM and cognitive dysfunctions. Conclusion: We have demonstrated for the first time the existence of cognitive impairment and a correlated atrophy in NMO, although it was considered as a restricted disease to the spinal cord and optic nerves. It is of importance now to better understand the origin of such dysfunction in analyzing the white matter and dysconnexions by DTI
Milles, Julien. "Modélisation et correction des inhomogénéités d'intensité en imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with modelisation and correction of intensity inhomogeneity for magnetic resonance images of the brain. We first modelise intensity variation for a given pixel according to physical parameters which depend on the object being imaged and the machine. We propose four estimation methods to compute transmission and reception radio-frequency coils sensitivity profiles for homogeneous and heterogeneous objects. Subsequently we propose two different approaches to correct magnetic resonance images. We first expose a method which uses the parameters computed with the modelisation described before. The second solution is based on a cooperative framework between two algorithms which work in two separate domains, using spatial or spectral informations. Those methods have been validated on real dataset from phantoms and a volunteer’s normal brain. Results are very satisfactory and open new algorithmic approaches
Makni, Salima. "Détection-estimation conjointe de l'activité cérébrale en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112220.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we discuss and propose methods for within-subject functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data analysis. FMRI is a recently developed neuroimaging technique with the capacity to map neural activity with high spatial precision. To localize activated brain areas, the method utilizes local blood oxygenation changes which are reflected as small intensity changes in a special type of MR images. In the following manuscript, we first present the different approaches, proposed in the literature, to detect regions of the brain that are activated in a given experimental paradigm. Generally, such detection step needs to fix a model for the hemodynamic response function (HRF). We then describe some techniques used in fMRI to estimate the temporal dynamic of the HRF, we introduce our contribution among such techniques. Such estimation needs a prior knowledge of the localization of brain regions that are activated. Detection and estimation are generally performed separately, when it is well known that the performance of the one depends on the knowledge of the other. That's why, in this thesis we propose a regional approach where both detection and estimation are done at the same time. We extend our technique to deal with all brain voxels. Results give a parcel by parcel description of the brain, for every one, a specific HRF estimation is given. In addition, the method induces a spatial map of brain voxel classification in two or three activity classes
Van, de moortele Pierre-françois. "Irm fonctionnelle cérébrale à 3 Tesla : développements méthodologiques." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T018.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to optimize functional studies of the human brain on a whole body 3 Tesla MRI scanner. A number of artifacts were to be fixed, mainly related to the Echo Planar Imaging sequence, which affords extremely fast acquisition rates, but is highly sensitive to strong artifacts (distortion, ghost image) and produces a high level of noise. These effects are even worsened at high magnetic field values. We proposed, validated and implemented sorne original methodological approaches to attenuate some artifacts and improve the quality of fMRI studies conducted in the laboratory. We have implemented a correction procedure for image distortions (from P. Jezzard) that we have validated on cerebral activation measurements. To suppress the ghost image, which is characteristic of Echo Planar Imaging, we modified a double sampling technique (from Yang), for continuous phase encoding Echo Planar Imaging, and we wrote a specifie algorithm needed for image reconstruction. To present auditory stimuli in the context of the high level of noise, we designed two modified Echo Planar sequences with the insertion of silent periods to present verbal material to the subject. One sequence is dedicated for blocked design experiments, the other for event-elated paradigms. The modified sequences were also validated in phantom studies. After having shown that sarnpling the brain slice by slice over time produced significant bias in images analysis, we have developed and implemented a correction algorithm to interpolate samples on the first slice acquisition time for each brain volume. Head motions are one of the main sources of unsuccessful fMRI studies. To measure the head position in the magnet, we demonstrate the feasibility of a method based on non proton fiducial markers, the position of which is measured by projections interleaved in the Echo Planat imaging scheme
Klein, Isabelle. "Etude anatomo-fonctionnelle du cortex visuel primaire au cours de l'imagerie visuelle : approche par imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112291.
Повний текст джерелаVisual imagery is a brain state that gives rise to visual experience on the basis of stored information, not current input from the eyes. Convergent results from psychophysical, neuroimaging and studies of brain damaged patients have shown that mental imagery shares many of the functional properties and cortical structures used in visual perception. However a fundamental question that remains unresolved is whether visual imagery shares the "low-level" neural mechanisms required to perceive the external world. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect and characterize the activity in the primary visual cortex (or area V1) during visual imagery. In a first experiment, we tested two general hypotheses: The first was that V1 is activated only when images with many details are formed and used, and the second was that V1 is activated whenever images are formed, even if they are not necessarily used to perform a task. The results revealed reproducible transient activation in this area whenever subjects generated or evaluated a mental image. This transient activation was strongly enhanced when subjects evaluated characteristics of objects, whether or not details actually needed to be extracted from the image to perform the task. In a second experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the orientation of a visualized pattern is directly reflected by the orientation of activity in retinopically organized early visual cortices. The primary visual cortex of primates, including humans, is retinotopically organized; the spatial pattern of light striking the retinas is physically preserved (with some metric distortions) on the surface of cortex itself. We asked subjects to view or visualize a flashing bar either vertically or horizontally. The results show that for most subjects, the topography of the activation produced by imagined stimuli closely matched corresponding cortical representations of the visual field. Although understanding the precise nature of neural mechanisms that causally link activity in area V1 to visual imagery requires further investigation, the present results provides strong evidence that visual mental imagery recruits the earliest stages of the visual system
Chabert, Stéren. "Développements méthodologiques pour l'imagerie cérébrale de diffusion in vivo chez l'homme." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1513.
Повний текст джерелаMethodological developments for in vivo cerebral diffusion imaging ABSTRACT Diffusion MRI is an in vivo exploration tool well-known for its usefulness and precision. Its high sensitivity to tissue dynamical microstructure brings precious information on tissue state. This is specially true in the case of white matter fibers that present an anisotropic structure. Diffusion permits to quantify this anisotropy through indices directly linked to the structure state. Yet actual methods do not allow to access certain regions of the human body due to the artifacts inherent to the echo planar imaging techniques. The first part of this thesis consists in using an original sequence, non-CPMG FSE, to measure diffusion anisotropy in the human optic nerve in vivo. This approach could potentially improve diagnostic and management of optic nerve diseases. However, exact interpretation of the diffusion signal is still subject to questions. Several groups have reported more than one apparent diffusion coefficient, whose origin remains unknown. Attribution of these slow and fast diffusion coefficients to intra and extracellular compartments or to restricted diffusion phenomena through cellular membranes is not clear Jet. The purpose of the second part of this work is to characterize in vivo water displacement distribution through q-space formalism in order to study its deviation froID a gaussian distribution, corresponding to free diffusion. For this, the kurtosis index was chosen. Deviation froID a gaussian is measured to be more important in white matter fibers oriented perpendicular to diffusion weighting direction, suggesting the importance of restriction phenomena. This is a promising approach for a better understanding of structural matters that could affect diffusion phenomena
Grosselin, Anne. "Étude des différentes fonctions de l'inhibition dans la schizophrénie : aspects cognitifs, cliniques et imagerie cérébrale." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30072.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we study inhibitory processes in schizophrenia. These processes seem to be disturbed in schizophrenics and might explained patients' impairment in cognitive functioning and in daily life. So we tried to yield deficiencies in inhibitory processes in schizophrenics according to a theoretical model of inhibition proposed by Hasher, Zacks and May (1999). This model individualises three functions: access, deletion and restraint. We searched to analyse and to understand inhibitory processes and their deficiencies' by mean of cognitive designs aiming to express each of them according to “elementary” or more complex information treatments. We used fMRI in order to provide information on activation differences of neural networks for two of these functions, deletion and restraint, in schizophrenic patients and controls. Our results show selective disturbances in inhibitory processes in schizophrenia and confirm the necessity to individualise different processes involved in inhibition. Our results show also the pertinence of the concept of cognitive resources in understanding inhibitory processes, since cognitive deficiencies are related to cognitive loading of cognitive tasks. FMRI results are congruent with this hypothesis
Yuan, Quan. "Modélisation d’anévrisme intracrânien." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2402/document.
Повний текст джерелаIntracranial aneurysms are a hazard to human health because of their high rupture rate and fatal subsequence, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. In order to carry out a hemodynamic research in vitro on the intracranial aneurysm, a phantom is indispensable. Until now, rigid or simplified phantoms are mainly used in the literature, few among them possess sufficient properties compared with reality. The work of this thesis focuses on the methodology of manufacturing patient-specific phantoms of intracranial aneurysms as well as their implementation for different uses. The phantoms have an anatomical shape of patient’s artery and an elastic wall. They are manufactured by applying an original rapid prototyping technique. The phantoms are examined and verified in different ways. In order to perform a hemodynamic research of the phantoms, a testing platform compatible with different imaging modalities has been designed and established. 2D phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography was applied in the hemodynamic study of the phantoms. The dynamic behavior of the artery wall, the 3D path-line of flow and the velocity field of flow were analyzed. The potential application in the clinical domain of the patient-specific phantoms was also tested in this thesis, simulations of intervention on intracranial aneurysms were carried out with the testing platform and the phantoms, the results of different treatment strategies were analyzed and compared
Tucholka, Alan. "Prise en compte de l'anatomie cérébrale individuelle dans les études d'IRM fonctionnelle." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112063.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we show the results of several studies attempting to improve the position accuracy, the sensibility and the reproductibility of the detection of brain activity from images obtained in Magnetic Resonance Imaging by joint use of anatomical and functionnal data. Firstly, we compare functional group analysis performed in the volume and on the cortical surface. We show that statistics obtained by surface-based methods improve the sensivity, identifying a larger number of smaller functional regions. Later we consider the possibility of positioning foci on a local coordinates system based on anatomical structures, showing the advantage of incorporating the surface information in normalization procedures and group studies. A method based on the simultaneous use of anatomical and functional data, the provides fine and reproducible parcellation of the cortex surface, is then presented. We use statistical modelling to take into account the anatomo-functionnal variability within the population and optimize the number of parcels. This optimal model may be used to define an anatomo-functionnal atlas. Finally, a large part of the thesis concerns the description of tools used in processing the neuroimaging data. We analyze and incorporate into the processing pipeline several methods and available software packages used for segmentation of anatomical data and processing of functional data. This requires a careful and precise assessment of the methods and assumptions inherent to all these tools
Bourgin, Julie. "Caractérisation de l’hyper-réactivité au stress en imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique chez le rongeur." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P637/document.
Повний текст джерелаHubert, Bénédicte. "Traitement implicite des émotions chez les personnes avec autisme : études comportementales et en neuroimagerie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11057.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVial, Francis. "Développement d'un modèle animal d'hypoxie-ischémie cérébrale du nouveau-né à terme : le porcelet, étude par SRM et IRM." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR3008.
Повний текст джерелаRabrait, Cécile. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique à haute résolution temporelle: Développement d'une méthode d'acquisition parallèle tridimensionnelle pour l'imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204555.
Повний текст джерелаCreac'h, Christelle. "Physiologie de la douleur et imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale : une étude en IRM fonctionnelle sur l'activation cérébrale au cours d'une stimulation nociceptive aigue͏̈ chez 16 volontaires sains." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23023.
Повний текст джерелаSabbah, Patrick Maurice. "Imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique au service de l'anatomie fonctionnelle : du sensori-moteur à la cognition." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28343.
Повний текст джерелаBelle, Valérie. "Le contraste en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : aspects physiques et biophysiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10085.
Повний текст джерелаTropres, Irène. "Imagerie RMN de la microvascularisation cérébrale chez le rat : applications." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE19012.
Повний текст джерелаChételat, Gaël. "Maladie d'Alzheimer au stade pré-démentiel : neuropsychologie et imagerie cérébrale." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T084.
Повний текст джерелаStoquart-El, Sankari Souraya. "Cerebral hydrodynamics imaging : from physiology to pathology." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED003.
Повний текст джерелаAutret, Gwennhael. "Développement de méthodes de spectroscopie RMN localisée 1D filtrée (exposant 1) H (-exposant 13) C double voxel : Application à l’exploration d’une pathologie cérébrale focale chez le petit animal." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0026.
Повний текст джерелаWe developed a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy method for local dynamic investigations of the rat brain metabolism, based on the monitoring of carbon 13 labelled metabolites. For such investigations, we developed and optimized one dimension (1D) localized MRS 1H(-13C) filtered sequences combined with Hadamard encoding. The efficiency of the sequences was tested with the different system of 1H/13C coils we built. The best association of coil device and sequence was applied to the investigation of a focal cerebral injury resulting of the intracerebral administration of an excitotoxic compound, the quinolinic acid. This spectroscopic study was associated to diffusion and T2 weighted imaging studying in order to monitor the evolution of the volume of the injured area in the same
Haegelen, Claire. "Construction et validation d’une base de données multimodales pour la stimulation cérébrale profonde." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1B003/document.
Повний текст джерелаDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients with severe disabled Parkinson’s disease refractory to medical treatments. DBS surgery consists of the accurate implantation of an electrode in a deep brain nucleus. The quality of the surgical planning can be improved by developing a multimodal database based on anatomical, clinical and electrophysiologial data. The first step was to develop a specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) template of Parkinson’s disease patients’ anatomy, and to validate the segmentation of the 24 deep brain structures made on this template. Secondly, we focused on identifying optimum sites for subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation by studying symptomatic motor improvement along with neuropsychological side effects in 30 patients with PD. Each clinical score produced one anatomo-clinical atlas, associating the degree of improvement or worsening of the patient with its active contacts.We showed a discrepancy between a good motor improvement and an invevitable deterioration of the fluencies by targeting the postero-superior region of the STN. Finally, we developed new statistical anatomo-clinical maps the better to visualize the motor and neuropsychological consequences at 6 months of GPm stimulation in 20 patients with PD. These maps provided us with the motor improvement of GPm stimulation without cognitive impairments. We also proposed a new more lateral targeting of the GPm in PD because of the cortico-subcortical atrophy induced by the disease. Our goal is to use these statistical maps prospectively in further patients to improve their targeting, thus ensuring a shorter planning step on the day of the surgery as well as better outcomes from motor and neuropsychological point of view
Yaouhi, Khalid. "Le syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil : études en neuropsychologie et en imagerie cérébrale." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1443.
Повний текст джерелаAguerre, Cédric. "Méthodes et outils pour l'analyse de l'activation cérébrale en IRMf." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13338.
Повний текст джерелаPo, Chrystelle. "Etude par IRM à haut champ de l'ischémie cérébrale transitoire chez le rat nouveau né." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0002.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to characterize by in vivo MRI and MRS the short term and middle term developments of cerebral injuries following an experimental transient focal ischemia in the newborn rat (P7). The results show the efficiency of MRI to monitor the short term extent of the injured areas during ischemia and reperfusion and to predict the extent of the middle term extent of brain damage. The middle term monitoring has shown the development of a glial scar in the injured areas, by T2 weighted imaging, and the remodeling of the cerebral fiber networks, by Diffusion Tensor Imaging both in the glial scar and in ipsilateral adjacent areas. The monitoring of cerebral ischemia by these imaging methods will be thus a useful tool to evaluate the efficiency of therapeutic treatments directed toward these two processes
Fouquet, Jérémie. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique in vivo de la vascularisation cérébrale chez la souris : optimisation et accélération par acquisition compressée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8805.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : Imaging neurovasculature with highest exactitude, precision and speed is of critical importance for several research fields. Beside providing an insight on normal brain activity, it can help characterize numerous pathologies or develop novel treatments. This thesis presents in its first part the optimization of a cerebral angiographic in vivo technique in a frequently used animal model, the mouse. The technique uses both a 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) susceptibility weighted sequence and a strongly paramagnetic contrast agent, Resovist. MRI acquisition parameters were optimized using images acquired before contrast agent injection. Those parameters allow whole brain vascular imaging of the mouse brain in 41 minutes with a 78 × 78 × 104 μm3 resolution. Susceptibility weighting offers an excellent detection sensitivity for small vessels (diameter ≃ 40μm). Image treatment and analysis allow the extraction of vascular morphological information such as vessel size and vessel density. In the second part of this thesis, an attempt to accelerate angiographic images acquisition using the compressed sensing (CS) method is presented. CS method aims at reducing the acquired data by using compressibility hypothesis on images. Presently, CS is mainly developped for real images (within the meaning of complex numbers). However, the previously obtained angiographic images contain important phase variations due to the susceptibility weighting. First, those variations reduce the strength of the compressibility hypothesis normally used in CS. Second, those same variations make information distribution in k-space less appropriate for the undersampling required by CS. For those reasons, standard CS does not allow significant acceleration of the acquisition process for the presented angiographic technique. Studying those reasons however suggests new ways to increase CS efficiency when applied to images with important phase variations.
Lehmann, Pierre. "Quantification de la perfusion et de la perméabilité endothéliale dans la pathologie tumorale en IRM cérébrale." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED012.
Повний текст джерелаThe perfusion imaging has shown its interest in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of brain tumors. The MRI methods to measure the perfusion can be divided into two groups: methods using intravenous contrast agents and those not using them. The clinical applications on this imaging are still evaluating. After reminders on brain tumors, on angiogenesis and on contrast agent’s properties, we present the basic techniques of magnetic resonance imaging perfusion (MRI),and describe the different sequences acquisitions and analysis methods of perfusion images. In a second part three clinical studies using dynamic susceptibility contrast MR perfusion imaging, permeability and perfusion without injection of contrast are detailed and allow to characterize different types of brain tumors (eg, meningiomas, glioblastomas) These studies demonstrate the clinical use of MRI perfusion for a better diagnosis of encephalic tumors
Rasschaert, Marlène. "Capture cérébrale de chélates de gadolinium : imagerie multimodale et analyse des conséquences neurotoxicologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS049/document.
Повний текст джерелаGd chelates are widely used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. In 2015, the finding of T1 hyperintensities in brain structures was associated with the prior administrations of these agents in patients. This observation raised the question of the long-term tolerance of these molecules. The Gd³⁺ ionic radius is very close to that of Ca²⁺, and therefore this lanthanide interferes with numerous Ca²⁺-dependent biological processes. Its chelation by a ligand considerably improves its tolerance. Gd chelates are categorized into 2 classes: macrocylic and linear agents, differing in their thermodynamic stabilities, and therefore in their ability to dissociate. It is classically admitted that Gd chelates do not cross the healthy blood-brain-barrier. The observation of these hyperintensities, in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, the globus pallidus, and sometimes other structures, questioned this assumption.This thesis aimed to study the mechanism of Gd accumulation in the central nervous system: access pathways, tissue and subcellular location, Gd speciation). Potential neuro-toxicological effects associated with long term Gd presence in the brain were also researched.Using a rat model, we evidenced that the lower the thermodynamic stability of Gd chelates, the greater the cerebral Gd concertation was, thus confirming clinical observations. T1 hyperintensities exclusively appeared following administrations of linear Gd chelates. We also established that moderate renal failure potentiates Gd brain uptake in the case of linear Gd chelate. We also observed that brain structures accumulate even more Gd that their endogenous Fe concentration is high. Administration of linear Gd chelates resulted in an increased zincuria. Gadolinium vs. Zn transmetalation may be responsible for this effect.The combination of X fluorescence, transmission electronic microscopy, and NanoSIMS, showed Gd deposits at various scales and in various forms. It allowed us to document Gd pathways, and the role of endogenous metals and phosphorus in this phenomenon. X fluorescence analysis depicted, in rat deep cerebellar nuclei, that the majority of Gd was accumulated in the form of elongated and ramified structures, believed to be blood vessels where Gd would be retained in the perivascular area. By means of electron microscopy in rats, Gd insoluble deposits were observed in basal lamina of vessels, in cerebellar interstitium, and in the perivascular space. These Gd deposits, of spiny aspect, were rich in phosphorus, thus suggesting the presence of GdPO₄. Co-presence of Gd and phosphorous was also identified into glial cells, accumulated in intracellular lipofuscine pigments. No Gd deposits were found in rats treated with a macrocyclic Gd chelate.The established mechanistic hypothesis consists in the early access of Gd chelates to cerebrospinal fluid, followed by their passive diffusion into the parenchyma close to cerebral ventricles, through the ependyma. Encountering areas rich in endogenous metals and/or phosphorus, the less thermodynamically stable Gd chelates would dissociate, and Gd would bind endogenous macromolecules, or precipitate. Cerebrospinal fluid circulation along penetrating arterioles would also trap Gd at the perivascular level. Intact Gd chelates would be eliminated through perivascular glymphatic pathway, or “intramural periarterial drainage”, where probably dissociated Gd is also found.Except a non-specific hypoactivity, neurobehavioural, histopathological and neurochemical studies performed in rats did not demonstrate any obvious neurotoxicity, even at high doses
Juphard, Alexandra. "Effet de longueur en lecture et en décision lexicale : études comportementales, imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale et simulations." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAML042.
Повний текст джерелаLamberton, Franck. "Correction des distorsions en imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale par résonance magnétique nucléaire : application à la séquence d'imagerie ultra-rapide EPI." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2002.
Повний текст джерелаKarkar, Slim Ismael. "Parcellisation et analyse multi-niveaux de données : Application à l’étude des réseaux de connectivité cérébrale." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/KARKAR_Slim_Ismael_2011.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last decade, functional MRI has emerged as a widely used tool for mapping functions of the brain. More recently, it has been used for identifying networks of cerebral connectivity that represent the interactions between different brain areas. In this context, a recent strategy is based on a preliminary parcellation of the brain into functional regions, and then identifying functional networks from a measurement of interactions between each area. The first part of this thesis describes a novel approach for parcellation that produces regions that are homogeneous at several levels. These regions are shown to be consistent with the anatomical landmarks of the processed subjects. In the second part, we propose a new family of statistics to identify significant networks of functional connectivity. This approach enables the detection of small, strongly-connected networks as well as larger networks that involve weaker interactions. Finally, within a classification framework, we developed a group-level study, producing networks that synthesize characteristics of functional networks across the population under study
Feydy, Antoine. "Plasticité cérébrale et récupération motrice après un accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique : étude en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf)." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132018.
Повний текст джерелаHermier, Marc. "Apport de l'IRM à l'étude du pronostic des accidents ischémiques aigus carotidiens traités par thrombolyse intraveineuse." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10036.
Повний текст джерелаFerré, Jean-Christophe. "Evaluation et optimisation de lʹacquisition et du post-traitement de lʹétude de la perfusion cérébrale par ʺ Arterial Spin Labeling ʺ". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1B149.
Повний текст джерелаArterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance perfusion imaging technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) which uses magnetically labeled arterial blood water as an endogenous tracer. ASL is completely noninvasive and can be repeated because it is performed without injection of contrast media, or radiation exposure. Moreover, CBF quantification is convenient and reproducible. However ASL is a low signal-to-noise ratio measurement technique. This technique becomes available on clinical MRI scanner. In this context, the aim of this work was to assess and optimize the image acquisition and the data processing acquired with two clinical techniques. We have demonstrated a correlation between acquisition parameters and hemodynamic parameters and we showed a maps’ quality improving using 32-channel coil combined with parallel imaging. New denoising methods were implemented and an optimized complete workflow was used to compare fASL and BOLD fMRI. A “template” approach was also assessed to detect individual increased perfusion area. Clinically, we used ASL to detect hypoperfusion defect on acute ischemic stroke and focal perfusion abnormalities in patients with chronic and resistant depression. Our results showed that a combination of optimized conditions acquisition and dedicated processing could help ASL to be more accurate in clinical research and practice
Foucher, Jack. "L' intégration fonctionnelle cérébrale dans la schizophrénie." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13201.
Повний текст джерелаPapathanassiou, Dimitri. "Etude du langage par imagerie neuro-fonctionnelle : comparaison de la tomographie par émission de positons et de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120037.
Повний текст джерелаPositron Emission Tomography (PET) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), current neuroimaging techniques, have different physical and physiological principles. We first expose these general principles, and results of previous language studies that compared PET and fMRI. Language is an important and complex function, and the noise caused by MRI device may interfere with auditory activity, essential for some aspects of language. Then we expose our study about the same topic. In eight male right-handed healthy subjeots, PET images were acquired (with H2 15O injection) during rest, story listening, and covert verb generation (from auditory delivered nouns). The same tasks performed by the same subjects (with the same duration than during one TEP acquisition) were studied with fMRI. Images, analyzed with SPM software, had close spatial resolution in PET and fMRI. PET and fMRI results were similar as far as main language areas were concerned: left frontal inferior gyms (pars opercularis and pars triangularis) and posterior part of the left superior temporal sulcus. Discrepancies also appeared with both tasks. During story listening, activation in the cerebellum and the temporal poles was better detected with PET, probably due to fMRI magnetic susceptibility artifacts. Activation in the left precentral gyrus and the supplementary motor area was detected only with fMRI, suggesting that more phonological processes and/or more working memory demand may be required due to the noisy environment. During verb generation, additional activations in the right hemisphere were detected with fMRI, probab due to increased attention for the task realization in the noise. The different distribution of activation for the same language tasks may have consequences in clinical investigations and fundamental studies about ftinctional brain asymmetry. Ouw results also show that different activations observed between PET and fMRI are themselves different between the language tasks
Larvaron, Pierre. "Etude de la maturation cérébrale post-natale de souris normales et dysmyélinisées par imagerie et spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF1MM11.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to study by proton magnetic nuclear resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) the cerebral white matter. Our interest dealt with the maturation of wild-type mice and mutant mouse strains model of human pathologies called leucodystrophies. Our goal was to identify in vitro and in vivo biochemical and micro-structural markers of the normal and pathological post-natal development. We showed for the first time that it was possible to carry out both absolute metabolite quantification and measurement of intra-tissue water movements in various cerebral structures of very young mice since the 5th post-natal day. Variations of these parameters during the mouse brain development were very similar to those observed in humans. Then, abnormal concentrations of tCr, NAA and NAAG were quantified in the brain of Jimpsy mouse, a hypomyelinized animal model of the Pelizeaus Merzbacher disease. DTI parameters were sensitive to early irregular myelination in a transgenic mouse brain expressing the human transferrin (hTf) ; they also allowed us to highlight axonal swellings and myelin compaction abnormalities in a Plpl null gene transgenic strain, model of X-linked spastic paraplegia type-2 characterized by an ascending axonal degeneration
Dinomais, Mickael. "Etude du cortex sensori-moteur en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Fonctionnelle : du sujet sain à l'enfant avec paralysie cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021084.
Повний текст джерелаDinomais, Mickaël. "Etude du cortex sensori-moteur en imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Fonctionnelle : du sujet sain à l'enfant avec paralysie cérébrale." Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021084.
Повний текст джерелаCerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive injury to the developing central nervous system resulting in permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation. Therefore physical and rehabilitation medicine has a particular interest in the study of organization and reorganization of the sensorimotor cortex following early brain injury in order to propose new methods for motor rehabilitation. We first showed that motor cortex could be analyzed in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using action-observation and passive movement tasks. We then demonstrated in patients with unilateral CP that resting state analysis could study functional connectivity in sensorimotor system. Moreover, our work showed that observing hand movement produced, in CP patients, large bilateral activations in temporo-parieto-fronto-occipital network, comprising most of the nodes of the well described action-observation network. For either side, observing hand movements recruits the primary motor cortex, contralateral to the viewed hand, as would be expected in healthy persons. In addition, we showed that the combination of observation of congruent hand movement simultaneously to passive movement of the paretic hand recruits more motor areas, giving neuronal substrate to propose video-guided passive movement of paretic hand in CP rehabilitation. Finally we present the perinatal stroke as a well suited model to analyze the postlesional neural plasticity notably the "mal-adaptive" plasticity
Charlier, Woerther Caroline. "Etude des interactions "levure hôte" au cours de la cryptococcose cérébrale." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066026.
Повний текст джерелаPerronnet, Lorraine. "Combinaison de l'électroencéphalographie et de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle pour le neurofeedback." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S043/document.
Повний текст джерелаNF is the process of feeding back real-time information to an individual about his/her ongoing brain activity, so that he/she can train to self-regulate neural substrates of specific behavioral functions. NF has been extensively studied for brain rehabilitation of patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders. However its effective deployment in the clinical armamentarium is being held back by the lack of evidence about its efficacy. One of the possible reason for the debated efficacy of current approaches could be the inherent limitations of single imaging modalities. Indeed, most NF approaches rely on the use of a single modality, EEG and fMRI being the two most widely used. While EEG is inexpensive and benefits from a high temporal resolution (millisecond), its spatial resolution (centimeters) is limited by volume conduction of the head and the number of electrodes. Also source localization from EEG is inaccurate because of the ill-posed inverse problem. In a complementary way, fMRI gives access to the self-regulation of specific brain regions at high spatial resolution (millimeter) but has low temporal resolution (second). Combined EEG-fMRI has proven much valuable for the study of human brain function, however it has rarely been exploited for NF purpose. In the context of NF, combining EEG and fMRI enables cross-modal paradigm evaluation and validation. But more interestingly it opens up avenues for the development of new NF approaches that would mix both modalities, either at the calibration phase or to provide a bimodal NF signal. Combined EEG-fMRI poses numerous challenges with regard to basic physiology, study design, data quality, analysis/integration and interpretation. These challenges are even greater if EEG and fMRI are both to be used simultaneously for online NF computation, because of the real-time constraint and the difficulty to find a task design compatible with EEG and fMRI' diverging natures. The theoretical part of this PhD dissertation aims at identifying methodological aspects that differ between EEG-NF and fMRI-NF and at examining the motivations and strategies for combining EEG and fMRI for NF purpose. Among these combination strategies, we choose to focus on bimodal EEG-fMRI-NF as it seems to be one of the most promising approach and is mostly unexplored. The feasibility of this approach was recently demonstrated and opened an entire new field of investigation. First and foremost, we would like to address the following questions: what is the added value of bimodal NF over unimodal NF; are there any specific mechanisms involved when learning to control two NF signals simultaneously; how to integrate EEG and fMRI to derive a single feedback ? The experimental part of this PhD dissertation therefore focuses on the development and evaluation of methods for bimodal EEG-fMRI-NF. In order to conduct bimodal NF experiments, we start by building up a real-time EEG-fMRI platform. Then in a first study, we compare for the first time bimodal EEG-fMRI-NF with unimodal EEG-NF and fMRI-NF. Eventually, in a second study, we introduce and evaluate two integrated feedback strategies for EEG-fMRI-NF
Naveau, Mikaël. "Connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale pendant l'état de repos : modélisation multi-échelle." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN3142.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, studies of brain activity at rest have gained importance thanks to the emergence of functional connectivity methods. Functional connectivity-based analysis is an emerging technique for human brain mapping, specifically applied to data obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging. It has been proposed that the brain at rest show a specific complex modular organization. Indeed, a modular organization of functional connectivity is observed at different spatial and temporal scales. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed a method for the estimation of resting-state functional networks in a large population of 300 subjects. Based on independent component analysis, this method allowed us to uncover 34 resting-state networks covering the entire cerebral cortex. In addition, inter-network synchronization, at a larger spatial scale, shows a hierarchical organization and highlights two major brain systems including five functional modules. The different levels of organization show specific functional interactions and we demonstrate a relationship between the synchronization of brain activity at rest and the spontaneous mental processes of subjects during this state. In conclusion, our studies highlight a spatial hierarchy of the functional organization of the brain at rest whose connectivity modulations reflect, in part, the content of spontaneous thoughts during this state
Doucet, Gaëlle. "Etude de l'état de repos conscient en imagerie fonctionnelle : de la cognition spontanée à l'activité cérébrale." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN3115.
Повний текст джерелаBrain activity at rest has been the subject of numerous investigations in functional imaging for few years. A major hypothesis was put forward about the relationship between this activity and spontaneous thoughts mainly reported during this state. In order to test it, this work was realized in three parts. The first one consisted of exploring mental activities of 180 healthy participants, using an introspective questionnaire designed for that purpose, during a condition of a conscious resting state realized in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results highlighted various mental activities among participants where specific profiles of spontaneous thoughts were revealed. In the second part, we revealed a hierarchical functional organization of the brain through 2 systems, 5 modules and 23 resting state networks. Study of functional connectivity showed a global bipartition of the brain, including, nevertheless, specific interactions at each other level. Finally, in the third part, based on the two previous ones, we analyzed effects of spontaneous mental activities on functional connectivity values between modules and between networks on a group of 340 participants, respectively. Our study reveals a direct relationship between spontaneous mental processes and brain activity at rest. Thus, we showed that modulations of functional interactions between the different brain networks would reflect content of spontaneous thoughts during this state