Дисертації: "HEAVY METAL LONS"

1

Brodd, Patrick. "Long term heavy metal contamination from leakage water sediments." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88909.

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2

Nestle, Nikolaus, Martin Ebert, Arthur Wunderlich, and Thomas Baumann. "Long-term observation of adsorbed heavy metal ions in sediment samples by MRI." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-194323.

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Recently, we have reported studies of transport and sorption of heavy metal ions in water-saturated quartz sand columns under relatively fast water flow. In these experiments, clear indications for a fast and strong adsorption of the ions to the sediment could be found. Here we report the findings in a series of other experiments performed under static conditions. In this case, much higher concentrations of ions are adsorbed to the sand and remain immobile over time scales of more than a year. Changes in the MRI contrast observed for the sediment areas with the adsorbed ions indicate rearrangements in the distribution of the ions during the first days after administration to the sediment. EDX-studies of the ion distribution after several days indicate a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of adsorbed ions on the surface of the quartz sand. If the adsorbed ions are subjected to flow, a part of adsorbed ions moves away with the water flow. Also all ions are rapidly accessible to acid leaching.

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3

Nestle, Nikolaus, Martin Ebert, Arthur Wunderlich, and Thomas Baumann. "Long-term observation of adsorbed heavy metal ions in sediment samples by MRI." Diffusion fundamentals 5 (2007) 7, S. 1-19, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14271.

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Recently, we have reported studies of transport and sorption of heavy metal ions in water-saturated quartz sand columns under relatively fast water flow. In these experiments, clear indications for a fast and strong adsorption of the ions to the sediment could be found. Here we report the findings in a series of other experiments performed under static conditions. In this case, much higher concentrations of ions are adsorbed to the sand and remain immobile over time scales of more than a year. Changes in the MRI contrast observed for the sediment areas with the adsorbed ions indicate rearrangements in the distribution of the ions during the first days after administration to the sediment. EDX-studies of the ion distribution after several days indicate a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of adsorbed ions on the surface of the quartz sand. If the adsorbed ions are subjected to flow, a part of adsorbed ions moves away with the water flow. Also all ions are rapidly accessible to acid leaching.

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4

Гринцова, Наталія Борисівна, Наталия Борисовна Гринцова, Nataliia Borysivna Hryntsova, O. Timakova, Оксана Костянтинівна Романюк, Оксана Константиновна Романюк, Oksana Kostiantynivna Romaniuk, et al. "Adaptive alterations of pinealocytes after the long-term influence of heavy metal salts on the body." Thesis, Springer, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81349.

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Epiphysis and parathyroid glands take part in the regulation of the adaptive capacity of the body. The aim was to study of morphological and immunohistochemical features of epiphysis's pinealocytes and parathyroid cells under heavy metal salts influence.

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5

Deng, Hong. "Metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe) uptake, tolerance and radial oxygen loss in typical wetland plants." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/629.

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6

Syrovetnik, Kristina. "Long-term metal retention processes in a peat bog : Field studies, data and modelling." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-460.

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7

Sharma, Kuhuk. "Assessment of heavy metal contamination and restoration of soil food web structural complexity in urban vacant lots in two post-industrial cities." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406232323.

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8

Wu, Chuan. "Effects of radial oxygen loss (ROL) on arsenic tolerance, uptake and distribution by rice (Oryza sativa L.)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1246.

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9

Bourgeois, Jason. "Assessment of surface and ground waters, stream and estuary sediments and other ecosystem receptors to determine long term impacts of surface PCB and heavy metal releases, Makinsons, Newfoundland /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 1997. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,36164.

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10

Williams, Wesley S. "Method development for long-term monitoring of heavy metals in mussel shells by laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry." Thesis, The University of Tulsa, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622730.

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Heavy metal pollution is a growing concern as growing worldwide population and industrial processes increase pollution levels in most environments. High metal concentrations throughout ecosystems pose a serious threat to wild-life and human health. Methods to monitor rising threat levels of metals are a primary concern for monitoring overall ecosystem health. Mechanisms which spread pollution must be intimately understood because of the persistence of heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination in the Tar Creek superfund site provides a great case study to selectively observe differences in heavy metals concentrations both upstream and downstream of mining activity. Thus, research is able to identify natural and man-made point sources of pollution.

The abilities of bivalves to filter-feed and sediment-feed provide a unique monitoring tool for analyzing heavy metals. Mussels are constantly filtering the environment around them. A mussel's seasonal and annual growth layers provide an excellent sample media for obtaining historical records of environmental data. Many species of mussels are found in most freshwater ecosystems throughout the United States. Mussels have low migration rates, live for a suitable amount of time, and leave relic shells. These features make mussels very practical for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

Various studies were conducted to obtain insight into developing methods for using LA-ICP-MS as a tool for monitoring heavy metals in mussel shells. Surface laser ablations, compared at additional depths, resulted in a more than 20% increase in signal intensity. Theoretical and experimental designs show signal changes as a function of depth. Mussel tissue and shell digestions were found to be best when using approximately 1.0 mL of hydrogen peroxide and 1.0 mL of nitric acid for each 0.1 grams of sample. Mussel tissue was found to have greater heavy metal concentrations than shells. Shells were found to average a 96% weight of calcium carbonate; however, the organic layers contained the greatest concentrations of heavy metals per weight.

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11

Hartwell, S. Ian. "Validation of laboratory versus field avoidance behavior of schooling fathead minnows to heavy metal blends relative to acute toxicity during long term exposure." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54751.

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Avoidance to a blend of four metals (relative proportions: 1.00 copper, 0.54 chromium, 1.85 arsenic, 0.38 selenium) was determined for schools of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in a laboratory avoidance chamber, an artificial stream and in a natural stream setting on a seasonal basis during continuous exposure to low levels of the metal blend for up to 9 months. Laboratory avoidance responses were determined seasonally during 12 months of laboratory holding for unexposed (control) fish and two levels of metal blend exposure in a steep gradient laminar flow chamber. Toxicity of the metal blend was determined for laboratory and field, control and metals acclimated fish. Unexposed fish avoided very low levels of the blend (29 ug/L total metals). Fish exposed to low levels of the blend (49 ug/L total metals) for 3 months failed to avoid levels equal to 5X holding exposure levels. Fish exposed to higher levels of the blend (98 ug/L total metals) preferred elevated levels (3X holding exposure) after 3 months exposure, mildly avoided 5X holding levels after 6 months exposure and were not responsive to levels approaching 10X holding exposure after 9 months continuous exposure. Activity was not affected by long term exposure. Field avoidance responses were determined seasonally during 7 months of field laboratory holding in New River water for unexposed (control) fish and exposed (98 ug/L total metals) fish in a modified artificial stream supplied with raw New River water. Unexposed fish avoided 71.1 and 34.3 ug/L total metals in spring (3 months holding) and summer (6 months holding) respectively. After 3 months exposure in New River water, fish did not respond to metal blends as high as 1,470 ug/L total metals. In-stream avoidance responses were determined in the summer for unexposed (control) and exposed I (98 ug/L total metals) fish in a Adair Run, a second order tributary to the New River. Unexposed fish avoided 73.5 ug/L total metals in Adair Run. After 3 months exposure, in New River water fish did not respond to metal blends as high as 2,940 ug/L in Adair Run. Water hardness, turbidity and physical setting are implicated as possible causative factors for differences between control fish responses tested in different seasonal and locations. Fish exposed to the high level exposure in the laboratory had a 96-hr LC50 value 1.25X higher than laboratory control fish. Laboratory control fish avoided metals levels at 0.4% of their 96-hr LC50. Fish exposed to the metals blend in the field had a 96-hr LC50 value 1.41X higher than field control fish. Field control fish avoided metals levels between 0.7 and 2.5% of their 96-hr LC50 depending upon test location and season. There was no difference between the 96-hr LC50s of laboratory vs field control fish or between laboratory vs field exposed fish. Optimum statistical methods for analyzing avoidance behavior in schooling fish were developed.
Ph. D.

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12

Madaffari, Maria Grazia. "New mixtures to be used in permeable reactive barrier for heavy-metals contaminated groundwater remediation : long-term removal efficiency and hydraulic behavior." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0025/document.

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La dépollution des eaux souterraines est actuellement une des principaux défis environnementaux, considérant le nombre de sites contaminés et le risque posé à la santé humaine et à l'environnement par l'exposition à la contamination des eaux souterraines. La barrière réactive perméable (PRB) est une technologie in situ passive pour la remédiation des eaux souterraines contaminées. Il se compose d'une barrière placée perpendiculairement à l'écoulement des contaminants et constituée d'un matériau réactif qui traite la panache de contaminants le traversant sous le gradient hydraulique naturel. C’est la technologie de remédiation des eaux souterraines la plus rentable ; elle permet l'utilisation des terres de surface et réduit l'exposition des travailleurs aux polluants. Le matériau réactif le plus utilisé est le fer à valence zéro (ZVI), qui peut dépolluer l'eau souterraine contaminée par une large gamme de contaminants au moyen de mécanismes chimiques et physiques différents. Le problème principal de l'utilisation de ZVI granulaire est la réduction de la porosité du milieu poreux, en raison de la nature expansive de produits de corrosion, des précipités et la formation de gaz. Pour surmonter ce problème, des mélanges de matériaux granulaires et ZVI ont été testés afin de déterminer leur efficacité de dépollution et le comportement hydraulique à long terme. L'utilisation de Lapillus volcaniques à mélanger avec ZVI pour dépolluer les eaux souterraines contaminées par métaux lourds est proposée dans ce travail. Des essais sur Lapillus ont montré une efficacité d'élimination de métaux lourds non négligeable, tandis que les tests en colonne effectuée en utilisant des mélanges n’ont pas montré une réduction élevée de la conductivité hydraulique au cours du temps.La modélisation des essais batch et colonne en tant qu’outil pour la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans les milieux poreux réactifs a été mis en place. L’étude de la sensibilité des paramètres des modèles sur leurs réponses a également été explorée
Groundwater remediation is currently one of the major environmental challenges, considering the number of contaminated sites and the risk posed to human health and to the environment by exposure to groundwater contamination. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is a passive in situ technology for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. It consists of a barrier placed perpendicularly to the contaminant flow and made of reactive material that treats contaminant plume flowing through it under the natural hydraulic gradient. It is the most cost-effective groundwater remediation technology; it allows the use of surface land and reduces the exposure of workers to contaminants. The most used reactive material is Zero Valent Iron (ZVI), which is able to remediate groundwater contaminated by a large range of contaminants by means of different chemical and physical mechanisms. The main issue of granular ZVI use regards the reduction of the porous medium porosity, because of the expansive nature of corrosion products, precipitates and gas formation. To overcome this problem, mixtures of ZVI and granular materials were tested to investigate their long-term removal efficiency and hydraulic behavior. The use of volcanic Lapillus to be mixed with ZVI to remediate heavy-metals contaminated groundwater is proposed in this work. Tests on Lapillus showed a not negligible heavy metal removal efficiency of the volcanic material, while the hydraulic monitoring of column tests performed using mixtures showed a not high reduction of hydraulic conductivity over time.Modelling batch and column tests as a tool for understanding the mechanisms involved in the reactive porous media has been set up. The analysis of the sensitivity of the models response with respect to the input parameters has also been explored

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13

Castaneda-Jimenez, Angelica. "Background concentrations of heavy metals and their role in clean up of hazardous waste sites application to Ventura and Los Angeles counties /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=954047921&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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14

Schweitzer, Na'ama. "Greening the Streets: A Comparison of Sustainable Stormwater Management in Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles, California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/85.

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Stormwater runoff is one of the main sources of pollution for urban waterways. Stormwater has traditionally been managed through concrete-based storm drainage systems, but the past twenty years have introduced an alternative in the form of green infrastructure. Green infrastructure for stormwater management involves the use of low impact development (LID), often vegetated facilities to mimic natural hydrologic systems that capture and allow infiltration of rainwater where it falls and from impervious surfaces upstream, before entering the drainage system. Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles, California have adopted green infrastructure into their stormwater management plans. For this project, bioswales, a form of vegetated LID facility, were tested in each city to determine their pollutant retention capabilities. Results from Portland show that bioswales filter out heavy metals effectively, and results from Los Angeles show that bioswales accumulate heavy metals in the soil over the course of the year (also due to filtering out metals from the stormwater). These results raise the question of whether accumulation can reach dangerous levels or saturate the soil with pollutants so that removal efficiency is diminished, indicating a need for further monitoring. However, the success of bioswales up to this point is encouraging and indicates that this method should continue to be employed.

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15

Василенко, О. І. "Гістоморфологічні особливості реакції довгих кісток скелета в умовах споживання солей важких металів". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26870.

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16

Boer, Emilia den. "A novel approach for integrating heavy metals emissions from landfills into life cycle assessment : Consideration of waste pretreatment, landfill processes and long-term effects /." Darmstadt : Inst. WAR, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015958544&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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17

Bourgeois, Jason Francis. "Assessment of surface and ground waters, stream and estuary sediments and other ecosystem receptors to determine long term impacts of surface PCB and heavy metal releases, Makinsons, Newfoundland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25824.pdf.

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18

Asthana, Abhishek. "Modélisation mathématique de la formation des NOx et de la volatilisation des métaux lourds lors de l'incinération sur grille d'ordures ménagères." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL018N/document.

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Dans une optique de maîtrise du procédé d’incinération des ordures ménagères et de ses possibles émissions polluantes, nous avons développé un modèle mathématique qui simule un lit d’ordures ménagères en combustion sur une grille mobile. Ce modèle décrit la plupart des phénomènes physicochimiques et thermiques intervenant lors de l’incinération : séchage et pyrolyse de la charge, combustion et gazéification du carbone résiduel, transferts thermiques, effondrement du lit, brassage… Il intègre également une description des mécanismes de volatilisation des métaux lourds et de formation des NOx. La cinétique de départ des métaux lourds est modélisée en tenant compte des différentes étapes de transport (transfert externe, diffusion intraparticulaire, volatilisation) au moyen de l’approche des temps caractéristiques additifs. Dans le cas simulé du cadmium, la prédiction d’une volatilisation quasi-complète est conforme aux résultats de la littérature. Le sous-modèle NOx prend en compte les mécanismes de formation thermique, prompt, combustible, par l’intermédiaire de N2O, ainsi que les mécanismes de réduction homogène par recombustion et hétérogène par le carbone résiduel. Les calculs révèlent que prédominent la formation par le mécanisme combustible et la destruction par la réduction hétérogène. Enfin, le modèle de lit a été utilisé pour étudier l’influence des divers paramètres opératoires : température, débit et distribution d’air primaire, taille des particules de déchets, brassage et schéma de brassage. Les résultats sont présentés et discutés en détail. L’influence des conditions opératoires sur l’efficacité du procédé et sur les émissions de Cd et NOx est analysée
As a tool for controlling the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incineration process and its possible pollutant emissions, a mathematical model of the MSW bed burning on travelling grate of an incinerator was developed. The model describes most of the physico-chemical and thermal phenomena taking place in incineration like the drying and pyrolysis of the feed, combustion and gasification of char, oxidation of pyrolysis gases, heat transfer, bed shrinking, feed stirring, etc. Also described in the model are the mechanisms of Heavy Metals (HM) volatilization and NOx formation. Kinetics of HM release was modelled using the approach of additive reaction times accounting for the various transport mechanisms involved: external transfer, intra-particle diffusion and actual volatilization. In the case simulated, i.e. of Cd, almost total volatilization is predicted, which is confirmed by literature findings. The NOx sub-model takes into account most of the common mechanisms of formation like thermal, prompt, fuel, N2O intermediate and also NOx reduction by homogeneous reburning and heterogeneous reduction by char. Calculations show that NOx formation is predominated by the fuel mechanism and destruction by the heterogeneous reduction. Finally, the bed model was applied to study the influence of various operating parameters like flow rate, temperature and distribution of air under grates, waste particle size, feed stirring and the stirring scheme. The results are presented and discussed in detail and the influence of operating conditions on process efficiency and on emissions of Cd and NOx is analyzed

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19

Hodul, Jakub. "Vývoj speciálních sanačních hmot na beton pro extrémní namáhání s využitím druhotných surovin." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401596.

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The doctoral thesis deals with finding the use of some waste and secondary raw materials in the production of special polymer remediation materials for concrete, which could be applied even in constructions, where extreme mechanical and chemical load is occurred. The aim of this doctoral thesis is experimental examination of the possibility of using selected types of waste, including hazardous waste which represent the highest risk to environment, and secondary raw materials as a substitute for the currently used primary fillers in order to reduce the ecological footprint of the product itself. Some types of secondary raw materials, such as filter fly ash contaminated by flue gas denitrification process, are no longer used as a concrete admixture or partial cement substitution due to unwanted release of toxic ammonia (NH3). Mainly for this reason, the thesis deals with the progressive utilization of such types of secondary raw materials as well as with another currently unused waste into polymeric patching, grouting and anchoring materials while preserving or improving the final properties compared to reference materials using only primary raw materials. The result of this thesis is to find out suitable formulations for efficient preparation of special polymeric remediation materials for concrete containing waste and secondary raw materials as fillers. The partial aim of the thesis and a the scientific contribution is an observation of the developed materials internal structure using a modern device, CT tomography, an influence of the filler type on the long-term durability, and last but not least the observation of the rate of pollutants incorporation, found in hazardous waste, into the polymeric matric with the aid of EDX and FTIR analysis.

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20

CHAUHAN, DEEPTI. "SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC HYDROGELS AS HEAVY METAL LONS AND OTHER INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT METAL ION SENSOR." Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19612.

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The thesis has been divided into six chapters. The literature survey including several reported hydrogels based sensors and adsorbents are summarized as an introduction in Chapter 1. Scope and objectives of the research work discussed in chapter 2. In chapter 3 considering the toxicity of heavy metal ions we have developed a colorimetric sensor 11, 16-bis (phenyl)-6, 6, 21, 21-tetramethyl-m-benzi-6,21- porphodimethene (meta-BPDM) incorporated polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl guar gum (PAM/CMG) polymeric hydrogel. Meta-BPDM is an organic moiety containing pyrrolic and carbocyclic units insoluble in aqueous medium. Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ , owing to their biological significant value and environmental harm, have attracted more attention. The selective detection of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions has always been challenging due to their closed-shell d10 electronic configuration which makes them spectroscopically silent. The meta-BPDM embedded hydrogel shows high stability, sensitivity and selectivity when it is dipped into the aqueous solutions of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions. During detection, the binding of these metal ions in hydrogel causes hydrogel to change from red to bluish-green which was visually detected and confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy. The hydrogel was characterized by using solid-state UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and its sensing properties were studied. The meta BPDM-embedded polymeric hydrogel was found to be an excellent, selective colorimetric sensor for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous medium without leaching of meta-BPDM from the hydrogel in presence of various other alkali, alkaline and heavy metal ions.

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21

Huang, Wang-Chi, and 黃婉綺. "Long-term Leaching Behaviors of Heavy Metals from Hazardous Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41498815626468797110.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系碩士在職專班
101
This study investigated different grain size of hazardous waste incineration bottom ash on the understanding of heavy-metal distribution characterization and long-term environmental friendliness by using total amount of heavy metal and multiple toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (MTCLP) test. It will be useful to EPA’s management strategy for recovery restriction of incineration ash. Also, different grain size of hazardous waste incineration bottom ash all include high concentrations of copper and zinc. Especially, heavy-metal content is mainly distributed in the particle size of 4.76 mm or more. Although heavy-metal distribution characterization is difference between the TCLP test and the total analysis, however, the leaching heavy-metal concentrations of TCLP test are much lower than the control standards. Moreover, the result of MTCLP test indicated that all hazardous waste incineration bottom ashes do have long-term environmental friendliness. The results found that hazardous waste incinerator bottom ash is high water absorption and copper metal content exceeds soil control standards. Therefore, the addition of hazardous waste incineration bottom ash used as an aggreagate should be further confirmed the additive ratio of recovery product.

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22

Hwang, Sing Ping, and 黃世平. "Study on The Affection of Physical and Chemical Propesties of Solidified Heavy Metal Containing Sludges with Simulated Long Term Durability Tests." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35601419506967066371.

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碩士
國立屏東技術學院
環境工程技術研究所
84
Three electroplating sludges were selected in this study to proceed cement solidification/stabilization procedure . Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and unconfined compressive strength were used to indentify the change of chemical and physical properties . According the initial result , several most adequate solidification ratios were decided to proceed durability tests . Three durability tests ( ASTM D4843-88 wetting and drying test (WDT) , ASTM D4842-90 freezing and thawing test (FTT) and durability test which designed for this study (DT) ) were selected in this study . The results could be showed in two aspects . In the physical aspect , all of the solidified samples could not be destroyed when proceeded WDT . However , some of the solidified samples were deteriorated when proceeded FTT and DT . Because some of the solidified samples were destroyed that caused their unconfined compressive strength coming down . In the chemical aspect , heavy metals in the solidified samples which were treated with WDT and FTT could not be leached higher by using multiple toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (MTCLP) . But heavy metals in the solidified samples which were treated with DT could be leached higher by using multiple toxicity characteristic leaching procedure .

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Дисертації з теми "HEAVY METAL LONS"

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