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Статті в журналах з теми "Heavy ion reaction"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Austin, Sam M., N. Anantaraman, and J. S. Winfield. "Heavy-ion reactions as spin probes." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-086.

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Heavy-ion reactions can be powerful probes for spin-transfer strength in nuclei, provided their reaction mechanism is simple so that a correlation can be established between cross sections and the relevant matrix elements. We discuss the desirable features of heavy-ion reactions in general and a series of tests of reaction mechanisms that have been carried out for two of the most favorable reactions; (6Li, 6He) and (12C, 12N). We establish that the (6Li, 6He) reaction is one-step in nature above 25 MeV∙nucleon−1 and establish a calibration function relating cross sections and Gamow–Teller matrix elements. We also find that the (12C, 12N) reaction is likely to be dominated by the one-step process above about 50 MeV∙nucleon−1.

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2

Canto, L. F., P. R. S. Gomes, J. Lubian, and M. S. Hussein. "Reaction mechanisms in heavy ion fusion." EPJ Web of Conferences 17 (2011): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20111701001.

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3

Orr, N. A., W. N. Catford, L. K. Fifiekd, T. R. Ophel, D. C. Weisser, and C. L. Woods. "Heavy-ion reaction studies of 35,36P." Nuclear Physics A 477, no. 3 (February 1988): 523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(88)90355-7.

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4

MARLEY, P. L., D. G. JENKINS, N. S. PATTABIRAMAN, A. P. ROBINSON, R. WADSWORTH, S. COURTIN, F. HAAS, et al. "HEAVY ION RADIATIVE CAPTURE OF 12C +12C." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 10 (November 2008): 2040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308011057.

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Resonances in light heavy ion reactions are a much studied but little understood phenomenon. New measurements are reported of the 12 C (12 C ,γ)24 Mg radiative capture reaction with the aim of performing spectroscopic measurements on the previously identified resonances. The preliminary analysis is outlined relating to the identification of the 24 Mg using a triple ion chamber setup.

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5

PŁANETA, R. "PHYSICS OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 05 (July 2006): 973–1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306004569.

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This review article covers a variety of phenomena observed in heavy ion collisions in full range of available collisions energies. The main reaction channels characteristic of each energy domain are discussed in conjuction with existing nuclear reaction models. Methods used to extract characteristic features of hot nuclear objects are shown. Relations between properties of microscopic nuclear objects and infinite nuclear matter are presented. At the end of this review the transition between hadronic phase and the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma is discussed.

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6

Osman, A., and A. A. Farra. "Direct reaction mechanism for heavy ion reactions with particle transfer." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 15, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 871–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/15/6/016.

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7

Morawetz, Klaus. "Critical Tsallis exponent in heavy ion reaction." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 305, no. 1-2 (March 2002): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00667-7.

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8

PIERROUTSAKOU, DIMITRA. "DYNAMICAL DIPOLE MODE IN FUSION HEAVY-ION REACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 05n06 (June 2010): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310015473.

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The prompt γ-ray emission, associated with the dynamical dipole mode decay, was investigated in the 32,36 S + 100,96 Mo and 36,40 Ar + 96,92 Zr fusion-evaporation reactions in the energy range E lab= 6 - 16 MeV / nucleon . The above reaction pairs populate, through entrance channels having different charge asymmetries, a compound nucleus in the 132 Ce mass region at excitation energies of 117, 174 and 284 MeV with identical spin distribution. By studying the differential γ-ray multiplicity spectra of the considered systems, the features of the dynamical dipole mode as a function of the beam energy were extracted while the γ-ray angular distributions were used to prove its pre-equilibrium character. The experimental findings were compared with theoretical predictions performed within a BNV transport model and based on a collective bremsstrahlung analysis of the entrance channel reaction dynamics. As a fast cooling mechanism on the fusion path, the prompt dipole radiation could be of interest for the synthesis of super heavy elements through hot fusion reactions providing a way to cool down the hot fusion paths, so ending up with a larger survival probability. To shed light on this hypothesis, the dynamical dipole mode investigation was extended to a heavier compound nucleus, 192 Pb , by means of the 40 Ca + 152 Sm and 48 Ca + 144 Sm reactions at E lab= 11 and 10.1 MeV/nucleon, respectively. Preliminary results of this measurement, concerning both fusion-evaporation and fission events are presented.

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9

Lommel, Bettina, Elif Celik Ayik, Annett Hübner, Birgit Kindler, Jutta Steiner, and Vera Yakusheva. "Uranium targets for heavy-ion accelerators." EPJ Web of Conferences 229 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022903006.

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Uranium targets are very important for accelerator-based research of nuclear properties. Depending on the reaction to be studied and on the conditions during the experiments different restrictions on the target material have to be met; as for example, durability, melting temperature, reactivity or a possible contribution of the additional compounds present to the reaction. Therefore, we are developing processes to produce uranium targets in the elemental form as well as in different compounds. Here we report on the production and application of targets from metallic uranium, UF4 and UO2.

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10

Lenske, Horst. "Heavy Ion Charge Exchange Reactions as Probes for Beta–Decay." EPJ Web of Conferences 223 (2019): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922301031.

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Peripheral heavy ion single and double charge reactions are described by fully quantum mechanical distorted wave methods. A special class of nuclear double charge exchange (DCE) reactions proceeding as a one-step reaction through a two-body process are shown to proceed by nuclear matrix elements of a diagrammatic structure as found also in 0ν2ß decay. These hadronic Majorana-type DCE reactions (MDCE) have to be distinguished from second order DCE reactions, given by double single charge exchange (DSCE) processes, resembling 2ν2ß decay. The theoretical concepts of MDCE are discussed. First results show that ion-ion DCE reactions are the ideal testing grounds for investigations of rare second order nuclear processes, giving insight into nuclear in-medium two-body correlation.

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11

Lenske, Horst, Jessica Bellone, Maria Colonna, and Danilo Gambacurta. "Nuclear Matrix Elements for Heavy Ion Sequential Double Charge Exchange Reactions." Universe 7, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7040098.

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The theoretical approach to a sequential heavy ion double charge exchange reaction is presented. A brief introduction into the formal theory of second-order nuclear reactions and their application to Double Single Charge Exchange (DSCE) reactions by distorted wave theory is given, thereby completing the theoretical background to our recent work. Formally, the DSCE reaction amplitudes are shown to be separable into superpositions of distortion factors, accounting for initial and final state ion–ion interactions, and nuclear matrix elements. A broad space is given to the construction of nuclear DSCE response functions on the basis of polarization propagator theory. The nuclear response tensors resemble the nuclear matrix elements of 2νββ decay in structure but contain in general a considerable more complex multipole and spin structure. The QRPA theory is used to derive explicit expressions for nuclear matrix elements (NMEs). The differences between the NME of the first and the second interaction vertexes in a DSCE reaction is elucidated. Reduction schemes for the transition form factors are discussed by investigating the closure approximation and the momentum structure of form factors. DSCE unit strength cross sections are derived.

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12

Stroud, Phillip. "Heavy Ion Beam Transport in ICF Reaction Chambers." Fusion Technology 10, no. 3P2B (November 1986): 1433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst86-a24933.

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13

Joseph Ibeh, Godwin, and Elijah Dika Mshelia. "The Harmonic Approximation in Heavy-Ion Reaction Study." Applied Mathematics 06, no. 11 (2015): 1831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2015.611161.

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14

Fields, D. J., T. C. Sangster, M. L. Webb, B. A. Remington, H. C. Britt, L. F. Hansen, R. G. Lanier, et al. "Heavy ion reaction studies of Nb+Au at." Nuclear Physics A 495, no. 1-2 (April 1989): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(89)90320-5.

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15

Cinan, Zehra Merve, Burcu Erol, Taylan Baskan, and Ahmet Hakan Yilmaz. "Heavy-Ion Fusion Reaction Calculations: Establishing the Theoretical Frameworks for 111In Radionuclide over the Coupled Channel Model." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 8594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248594.

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In this work, the production of I111n radionuclide has been investigated theoretically via heavy-ion fusion reactions of two stable nuclei: C37l+G74e, M26g+R85b, S30i+B81r, and C46a+C65u reactions. Fusion cross-sections, barrier distributions, and potential energies on mutual orientations in the reactions planes of all reactions have been researched in detail around the barrier region via a coupled channel (CC) model using different codes. First of all, the most suitable codes and calculation parameter sets were determined through the C37l+G74e reaction, whose experimental data were available. The compatibility of the calculations via NRV knowledge base, CCFULL, CCDEF codes, and Wong’s formula with experimental data was analyzed. Barrier distributions and cross-sections for heavy-ion fusion reactions have been investigated with miscellaneous codes and vibrational-rotational nuclei combinations for interacting nuclei. Afterward, calculations were made with the determined parameter values for new reaction suggestions (M26g+R85b, S30i+B81r, and C46a+C65u reactions) and the results were compared. This study aims to suggest the new reaction combinations for the production of 111In radionuclide, to explore the impacts of different calculation codes and nuclear parameter combinations on the heavy-ion fusion cross-sections and barrier distributions, to demonstrate that the results are reliable, and to emphasize the importance of developing these studies in the preparation of new experiments.

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16

Behr, J. A., S. B. Cahn, S. B. Dutta, A. Ghosh, G. Gwinner, C. H. Holbrow, L. A. Orozco, G. D. Sprouse, J. Urayama, and F. Xu. "A low-energy ion beam from alkali heavy-ion reaction products." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 351, no. 2-3 (December 1994): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91351-x.

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17

Veselsky, M., J. Klimo, N. Vujisicova, and G. A. Souliotis. "Opportunities for nuclear reaction studies at future facilities." HNPS Proceedings 22 (March 8, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1924.

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Opportunities for investigations of nuclear reactions at the future nuclear physics facilities such as radioactive ion beam facilities and high-power laser facilities are considered. Post-accelerated radioactive ion beams offer possibilities for study of the role of isospin asymmetry in the reaction mechanisms at various beam energies. Fission barrier heights of neutron-deficient nuclei can be directly determined at low energies. Post-accelerated radioactive ion beams, specifically at the future facilities such as HIE-ISOLDE, SPIRAL-2 or RAON-RISP can be also considered as a candidate for production of very neutron-rich nuclei via mechanism of multi-nucleon transfer. High-power laser facilities such as ELI-NP offer possibilities for nuclear reaction studies with beams of unprecedented properties. Specific cases such as ternary reactions or even production of super-heavy elements are considered.

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18

Majeed, Fouad A., Radhi Sh Hamodi, and Fatima M. Hussian. "Semiclassical coupled channels calculations in heavy-ion fusion reaction." Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics 11 (2017): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/astp.2017.7523.

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19

Jun-Long, Tian, Wang Ning, and Li Zhu-Xia. "Modified Woods–Saxon Potential for Heavy-Ion Fusion Reaction." Chinese Physics Letters 24, no. 4 (April 2007): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/24/4/016.

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20

Mitsuoka, Shin-ichi, Hiroshi Ikezoe, Katsuhisa Nishio, Kenichiro Satou, Kaoru Tsuruta, and Cheng-Jian Lin. "Dependence of Heavy-Ion Fusion Reaction on Nuclear Deformation." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 154 (2004): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.154.53.

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21

Colonna, M., M. Di Toro, G. Fabbri, and S. Maccarone. "Effects of charge symmetry on heavy ion reaction mechanisms." Physical Review C 57, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.57.1410.

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22

Cardella, G., M. Papa, G. Pappalardo, F. Rizzo, Q. Wang, A. Rosa, E. Fioretto, et al. "Interaction times in the19F+63Cu dissipative heavy ion reaction." Zeitschrift f�r Physik A Atomic Nuclei 336, no. 4 (December 1990): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01294112.

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23

Behkami, Aziz, Zohreh Kargar, and Mehdi Nasri Nasrabadi. "Analysis of Fragment Angular Distributions from Heavy - Ion Reaction." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 39, sup2 (August 2002): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2002.10875227.

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24

Lipperheide, R. "Heavy-ion reaction cross sections from elastic scattering data." Nuclear Physics A 469, no. 1 (July 1987): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90092-3.

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25

NASIROV, AVAZBEK, GIOVANNI FAZIO, GIORGIO GIARDINA, GIUSEPPE MANDAGLIO, MARINA MANGANARO, FRANCIS HANAPPE, AKHTAM MUMINOV, and WERNER SCHEID. "COMPARISON OF THE FUSION-FISSION AND QUASIFISSION MECHANISMS IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 04 (April 2009): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130901294x.

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The decrease of the evaporation residue yields in reactions with massive nuclei is explained by an increase of the competition between quasifission and complete fusion processes and by the decrease of the survival probability of the heated and rotating nuclei against fission along the de-excitation cascade of the compound nucleus. The experimental data on the yields of evaporation residue, fusion-fission and quasifission fragments in the 48 Ca + 154 Sm reaction are analyzed in the framework of the combined theoretical method based on the dinuclear system concept and advanced statistical model. The measured yields of evaporation residues of the 48 Ca + 154 Sm reaction have been well reproduced and yields of fission fragments were analyzed using the partial fusion and quasifission cross sections calculated in the dinuclear system model. Such a way of calculation is used to find optimal conditions for the synthesis of the new element Z = 120 (A = 302) by studying the excitation functions of evaporation residues of the 54 Cr + 248 Cm , 58 Fe + 244 Pu , and 64 Ni + 238 U reactions. Our estimations show that the 54 Cr + 248 Cm reaction is preferable in comparison with the two others.

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26

BARBUI, M., T. MATERNA, P. SAHU, A. WIELOCH, F. D. BECCHETTI, G. CHUBARYAN, M. CINAUSERO, et al. "NEW EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH FOR HEAVY AND SUPERHEAVY ELEMENT PRODUCTION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 04 (April 2009): 1036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013208.

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In this article we present a new experimental approach for production of heavy and superheavy elements (HE, SHE). Nuclear reactions at low incident energies induced by heavy ion (HI) projectiles on fissile target nuclei are investigated. Dedicated detection setup is presented and the preliminary results for the reaction 197Au(7.5 MeV /u) + 232Th, studied at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University, are given.

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27

VAY, J. L., S. KAWATA, T. NAKAMURA, J. SASAKI, T. SOMEYA, and C. DEUTSCH. "Conducting versus insulating walls in a heavy ion reaction chamber." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 1 (January 2003): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460221109x.

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We first pay attention to the inflight charge state distribution in a Pb ion beam propagating in a reactor-sized chamber delimited by metallic walls. We thus compare Livermore (code BIC) and Orsay (code BPIC) distributions in the presence of a residual Flibe gas pressure. Next, we replace the electron plasma due to Flibe ionization by a gliding plasma produced by the polarization of the incoming ion beam on insulating walls. Corresponding electrons, when attracted by the beam, are demonstrated to yield a very efficient current neutralization.

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28

Matsufuji, Naruhiro, Akifumi Fukumura, Masataka Komori, Tatsuaki Kanai, and Toshiyuki Kohno. "Influence of fragment reaction of relativistic heavy charged particles on heavy-ion radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 48, no. 11 (May 20, 2003): 1605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/48/11/309.

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29

Corradi, L., D. Ackermann, S. Beghini, C. J. Lin, G. Montagnoli, G. Pollarolo, F. Scarlassara, G. F. Segato, A. M. Stefanini, and L. F. Zheng. "Low-energy heavy-ion reactions: a link between nuclear structure and reaction dynamics." Nuclear Physics A 654, no. 1 (July 1999): 849c—854c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(00)88560-7.

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30

Novosel, I., Z. Basrak, Ph Eudes, F. Haddad, and F. Sébille. "Early-reaction-phase energy transformation in heavy-ion reactions below 100 MeV/u." Physics Letters B 625, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.07.069.

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31

TANNENBAUM, M. J. "TRANSVERSE ENERGY PRODUCTION IN LIGHT AND HEAVY ION INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 14 (August 20, 1989): 3377–476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001382.

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Transverse energy distributions have proved to be useful in the understanding of reaction mechanisms of relativistic heavy ion interactions. The development of the subject is traced from its roots in elementary particle physics. A review and analysis of the data from recent measurements in high energy heavy ion beams at CERN and Brookhaven is presented.

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32

MAZZOCCO, MARCO. "REACTION DYNAMICS INDUCED FROM LIGHT WEAKLY-BOUND RADIOACTIVE ION BEAMS AT NEAR-BARRIER ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 05n06 (June 2010): 977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310015424.

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This work presents an overview of the latest experiments performed to study the reaction dynamics induced from light weakly-bound Radioactive Ion Beams on medium-mass and heavy targets at near-barrier energies. Production reactions, secondary beam intensities and experimental results on elastic scattering, transfer, breakup and fusion processes are presented and discussed. A comparative analysis of fusion and reaction cross section data for different projectile-target combinations is finally given.

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33

Rungrodnimitchai, Supitcha. "Rapid Preparation of Biosorbents with High Ion Exchange Capacity from Rice Straw and Bagasse for Removal of Heavy Metals." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/634837.

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This work describes the preparation of the cellulose phosphate with high ion exchange capacity from rice straw and bagasse for removal of heavy metals. In this study, rice straw and bagasse were modified by the reaction with phosphoric acid in the presence of urea. The introduced phosphoric group is an ion exchangeable site for heavy metal ions. The reaction by microwave heating yielded modified rice straw and modified bagasse with greater ion exchange capacities (∼3.62 meq/g) and shorter reaction time (1.5–5.0 min) than the phosphorylation by oil bath heating. Adsorption experiments towards Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr3+ions of the modified rice straw and the modified bagasse were performed at room temperature (heavy metal concentration 40 ppm, adsorbent 2.0 g/L). The kinetics of adsorption agreed with the pseudo-second-order model. It was shown that the modified rice straw and the modified bagasse could adsorb heavy metal ions faster than the commercial ion exchange resin (Dowax). As a result of Pb2+sorption test, the modified rice straw (RH-NaOH 450W) removed Pb2+much faster in the initial step and reached 92% removal after 20 min, while Dowax (commercial ion exchange resin) took 90 min for the same removal efficiency.

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34

Cappuzzello, Francesco, Luis Acosta, Clementina Agodi, Carmen Altana, Paulina Amador-Valenzuela, Ismail Boztosun, A. Brischetto Giuseppe, et al. "Recent experimental activity on heavy-ion induced reactions within the NUMEN project." EPJ Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125204001.

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The possibility to use a special class of heavy-ion induced direct reactions, such as double charge exchange reactions, is discussed in view of their application to extract information that may be helpful to determinate the nuclear matrix elements entering in the expression of neutrinoless double beta decay half-life. The strategies adopted in the experimental campaigns performed at INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud are briefly described, emphasizing the advantages of the multi-channel approach to nuclear reaction data analysis.

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35

CHA, MOON HOE, and YONG JOO KIM. "COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF HEAVY-ION ELASTIC SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 07 (September 2002): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102003668.

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We have used the computer language Java to develop a computer simulation program for heavy-ion elastic scattering based on the parameterized phase shift model. Using this program, we have carried out a χ2-fit to the observed differential cross-section data of the heavy-ion elastic scattering and performed computer simulations of the angular distribution, the deflection function, the reaction cross-section, the scattering matrix element, and the analysis results as graphical representations. The program is also applied to elastic scattering of the 12C+12C system at E lab = 1016 MeV.

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36

Strazzeri, A., and A. Italiano. "Dynamical fission following peripheral heavy-ion collisions." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 02 (February 2016): 1650011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500117.

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A closed-form theoretical approach describing in a single picture both the evaporation component and the fast nonequilibrium component of the sequential fission of projectile-like fragments in a peripheral heavy-ion collision is derived and then applied to the dynamical fission observed in the [Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text] semiperipheral collision at 35A[Formula: see text]MeV. Information on the reaction mechanism is obtained such as the opposite polarization effects and the estimate of the “formation-to-fast fission lifetimes” of the fissioning fragment.

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37

Girma, Asnake, and Amanuel Fessahatsion. "Investigating entrance channel influences in the fusion of some heavy–ion systems." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 6, no. 5 (October 4, 2019): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00200.

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The dynamics of heavy-ion fusion reaction involved in the interaction of 12C,14N and 16O projectiles with,59Co, 51V,128Te and165Ho targets at≈3-8MeV/nucleon speciﬁc energies was studied. This study focus on the correlation between entrance channel properties and incomplete fusion reaction. The experimentally measured excitation functions of various reaction products populated by complete and/or incomplete fusions of 12C+59Co, 128Te,14N+128Teand 16O+ 51V, 165Hoprojectile-target systems available in the literature. Were compared and analyzed with the predicted excitation functions, using the statistical model code PACE4. For representative non-α-emitting channels, the experimentally measured excitation functions were, in general, found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. However, for α-emitting channels in the present systems, the measured excitation functions were higher than the predictions of the theoretical model code, which may be credited to incomplete fusion reactions at these energies. An attempt was made to approximate the incomplete fusion fraction that explains the relative importance of incomplete fusion processes. The incomplete fusion fraction was found to be sensitive to the projectile energy and mass-asymmetry of the entrance channel

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38

Vijay, Manjeet Singh Gautam, Rishi Pal Chahal, Sukhvinder Duhan, and Hitender Khatri. "Comprehensive analysis of heavy-ion fusion reactions around the Coulomb barrier." Physica Scripta 97, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 045305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5d72.

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Abstract We have investigated the fusion dynamics of 12C + 92Zr, 16O + 92Zr, 28Si + 92Zr, 35Cl + 92Zr, 16O + 60Ni, 18O + 58Ni, 12C + 194,198Pt, 16O + 144,148,154Sm and 17O + 144Sm reactions in the close vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. For this purpose, we have opted one-dimensional Wong formula, coupled channel approach, and symmetric-asymmetric Gaussian barrier distribution (SAGBD) model to analyze the fusion data for above mentioned reactions. For all studied systems, the theoretical results obtained from the one-dimensional Wong formula are unable to reproduce the fusion data especially at incident energies lying below the nominal barrier. This appeals for the inclusion of intrinsic degrees of freedom which have been originated from the nuclear structure of fusing nuclei, and thus essentially required to explain the experimental data at energies lying in the sub-barrier realm. For the chosen reactions, the coupled channel analysis suggests that the coupling of relative motion with the inelastic surface excitations and/or nucleon transfer channels associated with the reaction partners have produced a remarkable fusion enhancement at energies lying near and below the nominal barrier. It is particularly intriguing that the SAGBD model can replicate the impacts of dominant intrinsic reaction channels such as multi-phonon quantum states and/or nucleon transfer channels via Gaussian type of weight function. The predictions of the SAGBD approach appropriately reproduce the fusion cross-sections data and related barrier distributions data for the selected reactions due the fact that the multi-dimensional nature induces the barrier lowering effects and subsequently reduces the effective fusion barrier between the participants. In the SAGBD approach, the channel coupling effects are quantitively measured in terms of channel coupling parameter ( λ ) and percentage decrement in height of effective fusion barrier with respect to the Coulomb barrier ( V C B R E D ) . Furthermore, the recovered χ 2 -values for selected reactions are found to be smaller and hence clearly demonstrate the applicability of the model outcomes to explore the fusion dynamics of the studied systems.

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39

Riabov, Victor. "Short-Lived Resonances as Probes of the Medium Produced in Heavy-Ion Collisions." Particles 4, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles4010001.

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Hadronic resonances play an important role in the study of the physics of heavy-ion collisions. In these proceedings, we discuss how the resonances can probe the reaction dynamics, the strangeness production and the properties of the hadronic phase in heavy-ion collisions at center-of-mass energies of sNN = 4–11 GeV. The resonance properties predicted by the general-purpose event generators are found to be very sensitive to the properties and space-time evolution of the medium produced in heavy-ion collisions.

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40

Gay, D. L., N. R. Fletcher та L. C. Dennis. "Resonant fluctuations in heavy-ion reaction cross sections:O16,α)28Si". Physical Review Letters 58, № 15 (13 квітня 1987): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.58.1512.

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41

Maruyama, Toshiki, Akira Ohnishi, and Hisashi Horiuchi. "Evolution of reaction mechanisms in the light heavy-ion system." Physical Review C 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 2355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.45.2355.

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42

Hinde, D. J., A. C. Berriman, R. D. Butt, M. Dasgupta, C. R. Morton, A. Mukherjee, and J. O. Newton. "Influence of entrance channel properties on heavy-ion reaction dynamics." European Physical Journal A 13, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja1339-27.

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43

Siwek-Wilczynska, K., R. A. Blue, L. H. Harwood, R. M. Ronningen, H. Utsunomiya, J. Wilczynski, and D. J. Morrissey. "Detection of heavy-ion reaction products in bound excited states." Physical Review C 32, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 1450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.32.1450.

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44

Awes, T. C. "Collective flow as a probe of heavy-ion reaction dynamics." Nuclear Physics A 630, no. 1-2 (February 1998): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(97)00789-6.

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45

Utsunomiya, H. "‘‘Stripping’’ reaction in heavy ion projectile dissociation: Extended Serber model." Physical Review C 32, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.32.849.

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46

Khan, E. U., J. J. Baluch, A. Waheed, H. A. Khan, P. Vater, and R. Brandt. "On the reaction cross-section of various heavy ion interactions." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 15, no. 1-4 (January 1988): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90175-6.

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47

Tretyakova, S. P. "Detection and identification of heavy ion-induced nuclear reaction products." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 19, no. 1-4 (January 1991): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(91)90289-t.

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48

Beghini, S., L. Corradi, J. H. He, and A. Dal Bello. "A compact parallel plate detector for heavy ion reaction studies." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 362, no. 2-3 (August 1995): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00318-5.

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49

NATALE, A. A. "RESONANCE PRODUCTION IN PERIPHERAL HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 22 (July 20, 1994): 2075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001933.

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Heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies may be used as a powerful source of photons and pomerons. We compute the rates for pseudoscalar meson production through two-photon and two-pomeron scattering, at energies that will be available at RHIC and LHC. Light mesons will mostly be produced by pomeron fusion at large rates, the two processes are comparable for charmed mesons, while electromagnetic production will be dominant for bottom mesons. We discuss the possibility of observing the reaction γγ(PP)→R→γγ, and comment on the particular case where R could be a scalar resonance at 650 MeV.

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50

JAIN, P. L., and G. SINGH. "SQUEEZE-OUT OF PION EMISSION IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 16 (May 30, 1994): 1445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001271.

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The azimuthal angle distributions of charged pions with respect to the reaction plane determined by projectile heavy fragments is presented for 32S at 200A GeV. The squeezeout of pions perpendicular to the reaction plane for 28Si at 14.5A GeV and 197Au at 10.6A GeV is observed as a function of impact parameter (b) and the target mass.

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