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Статті в журналах з теми "Heating textile"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Józefczak, Arkadiusz, Katarzyna Kaczmarek, Rafał Bielas, Jitka Procházková, and Ivo Šafařík. "Magneto-Responsive Textiles for Non-Invasive Heating." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 11744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411744.

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Magneto-responsive textiles have emerged lately as an important carrier in various fields, including biomedical engineering. To date, most research has been performed on single magnetic fibers and focused mainly on the physical characterization of magnetic textiles. Herein, from simple woven and non-woven textiles we engineered materials with magnetic properties that can become potential candidates for a smart magnetic platform for heating treatments. Experiments were performed on tissue-mimicking materials to test the textiles’ heating efficiency in the site of interest. When the heat was induced with magneto-responsive textiles, the temperature increase in tissue-mimicking phantoms depended on several factors, such as the type of basic textile material, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles deposited on the textile’s surface, and the number of layers covering the phantom. The values of temperature elevation, achieved with the use of magnetic textiles, are sufficient for potential application in magnetic hyperthermia therapies and as heating patches or bandages.

2

Chatterjee, Kony, and Tushar K. Ghosh. "Thermoelectric Materials for Textile Applications." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113154.

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Since prehistoric times, textiles have served an important role–providing necessary protection and comfort. Recently, the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles) as part of the larger efforts to develop smart textiles, has paved the way for enhancing textile functionalities including sensing, energy harvesting, and active heating and cooling. Recent attention has focused on the integration of thermoelectric (TE) functionalities into textiles—making fabrics capable of either converting body heating into electricity (Seebeck effect) or conversely using electricity to provide next-to-skin heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Various TE materials have been explored, classified broadly into (i) inorganic, (ii) organic, and (iii) hybrid organic-inorganic. TE figure-of-merit (ZT) is commonly used to correlate Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. For textiles, it is important to think of appropriate materials not just in terms of ZT, but also whether they are flexible, conformable, and easily processable. Commercial TEs usually compromise rigid, sometimes toxic, inorganic materials such as bismuth and lead. For textiles, organic and hybrid TE materials are more appropriate. Carbon-based TE materials have been especially attractive since graphene and carbon nanotubes have excellent transport properties with easy modifications to create TE materials with high ZT and textile compatibility. This review focuses on flexible TE materials and their integration into textiles.

3

KANIA, ANNA, and MARCIN BARBURSKI. "IMPROVING LOCAL THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDINGS: A STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF HEATING TEXTILE COMPOSITES IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." Fibres and Textiles 30, no. 1 (2023): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2023-1-014.

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The focus of this study is to analyze heating and insulating properties of textiles utilized in the construction industry. Research regarding textile heating composites typically centers around their use in the fashion industry and personal thermal comfort. Therefore, the study focuses on the application of textile heating composites as a method for improving the local thermal comfort of the user. The aim of this project was to analyze and describe the heating and insulating properties of electroconductive yarns and insulating textiles used in the construction industry. This goal was achieved by building physical samples that underwent heating tests. The next step was to compare the examined properties and select the best combination of yarn and fabric, which was then tested in the target environment. It was concluded that the best heating results are achieved with steel thread embroidered on fiberglass mesh and combined with extruded polystyrene that can be used to improve the local thermal comfort of the user.

4

Koncar, V., C. Cochrane, M. Lewandowski, F. Boussu, and C. Dufour. "Electro‐conductive sensors and heating elements based on conductive polymer composites." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 21, no. 2/3 (February 27, 2009): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220910933808.

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PurposeThe need for sensors and actuators is an important issue in the field of smart textiles and garments. Important developments in sensing and heating textile elements consist in using non‐metallic yarns, for instance carbon containing fibres, directly in the textile fabric. Another solution is to use electro‐conductive materials based on conductive polymer composites (CPCs) containing carbon or metallic particles. The purpose of this paper is to describe research based on the use of a carbon black polymer composite to design two electro‐conductive elements: a strain sensor and a textile heating element.Design/methodology/approachThe composite is applied as a coating consisting of a solvent, a thermoplastic elastomer, and conductive carbon black nanoparticles. In both applications, the integration of the electrical wires for the voltage supply or signal recording is as discreet as possible.FindingsThe CPC materials constitute a well‐adapted solution for textile structures: they are very flexible, and thus do not modify the mechanical characteristics and general properties of the textile structure.Research limitations/implicationsIn the case of the heating element, the use of metallic yarns as electrodes makes the final structure a more rigid. This can be improved by choosing other conducting yarns that are more flexible, or by developing knitted structures instead of woven fabrics.Practical implicationsThe CPC provide a low cost solution, and the elements are usually designed so as to work with a low voltage supply.Originality/valueThe CPC has been prepared with a solvent process which is especially adapted to flexible materials like textiles. This is original in comparison to the conventional melt‐mixing process usually found in literature.

5

Chen, Hung-Jen, and Lan-Hui Huang. "An Investigation of the Design Potential of Thermochromic Home Textiles Used with Electric Heating Techniques." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/151573.

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Thermochromic colorants have been developed since before the 1900s. There are a large number of patents in different applications of thermochromic textiles, but many innovations leave the field of aesthetic and functional textile design unexplored in the area of smart materials. This study aims to develop thermochromic home textiles that change colors and patterns by integrating thermochromic pigments and electric conductive yarns into textile structures. Stainless steel conductive yarns were sewed on textile substrates to enable heat generation to increase fabric temperature. The heat generation and temperature rise could be controlled by monitoring the voltage applied. The experiments of this study focused on analyzing electric resistance and heating properties of the conductive yarns and observing color changing time and color changing effects of the thermochromic textiles. By using the technique in this research, an image of “tai chi” was designed and implemented in a backlighting thermochromic fabric. It illustrates a range of opportunities for thermochromic textiles in new design research directions of Chinese calligraphy and traditional Chinese painting.

6

Blachowicz, Tomasz, Maciej Malczyk, Ilda Kola, Guido Ehrmann, Eva Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Textiles for Very Cold Environments." Processes 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050927.

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Textiles are often used to protect people from cold environments. While most garments are designed for temperatures not far below 0 °C, very cold regions on the earth near the poles or on mountains necessitate special clothing. The same is true for homeless people who have few possibilities to warm up or workers in cooling chambers and other cold environments. Passive insulating clothing, however, can only retain body heat. Active heating, on the other hand, necessitates energy, e.g., by batteries, which are usually relatively heavy and have to be recharged regularly. This review gives an overview of energy-self-sufficient textile solutions for cold environments, including energy harvesting by textile-based or textile-integrated solar cells; piezoelectric sensors in shoes and other possibilities; energy storage in supercapacitors or batteries; and heating by electric energy or phase-change materials.

7

Ali, Muhammad, Saira Faisal, Shenela Naqvi, Khadija Abdul Wahab, Rida Afreen, and Long Lin. "Electrically heated wearable textiles produced by conventional pigmented inks containing carbon black." Pigment & Resin Technology 51, no. 4 (July 14, 2021): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2021-0051.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of carbon black containing coating formulations that are conventionally used for pigment printing of textiles in fabricating electrically heated fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Specifically, electrical and thermal characterisation of the coating system was carried out to establish the feasibility of the system for use in the manufacturing of flexible heating elements on textile substrates. The coating formulations were applied via a simple padding technique followed by stitching the electrodes using a conductive yarn. Findings The heating elements of different sizes thus produced showed Ohmic behaviour as a resistor and attained a targeted temperature difference of up to 40°C within the applied voltage range. A prototype heater was also produced, and thermography results showed uniform heating and cooling of the heater that was incorporated into a jacket. Originality/value The proposed method is envisaged to be very practical for the realisation of completely textile-based heating elements of different shapes and sizes. Furthermore, the proposed manufacturing method can be used to convert conventional ready-made articles of clothing into heated textiles for various applications.

8

YOSHIMURA, YURIKA, and TAKERU OHE. "Textile Processing by Microwave Heating." FIBER 66, no. 10 (2010): P.339—P.343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.66.p_339.

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9

Hasanbeigi, Ali, and M. Jibran S. Zuberi. "Electrified Process Heating in Textile Wet-Processing Industry: A Techno-Economic Analysis for China, Japan, and Taiwan." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238939.

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The textile industry accounts for approximately 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions. There is a significant opportunity to decarbonize the textile industry by electrification of process heating where low- or zero-carbon electricity is used. Electrified process heating can be achieved through cross-cutting technologies without modifying the textile process equipment and/or through replacing the existing equipment with technologies that employ electromagnetic or resistance heating techniques for specific end-use applications. This paper aims to investigate the potential for electrification of process heating in the textile wet-processing industry in three of the top textile-producing and exporting regions in the world. To do this, two separate technology pathways, i.e., electrification through (a) industrial heat pumps and (b) textile end-use processes are developed and analyzed. The results show that the total potential final energy and CO2 savings due to electrification in both scenarios could be substantially large due to the lower energy intensity of the electrified heating systems. Moreover, the costs per unit of textile production are found to be lower in the case of industrial heat pumps compared to other systems. It is concluded that wide-scale electrification of process heating in the textile wet-processing industry will require major changes to the electricity system and individual sites, and the coordination efforts among different stakeholders to plan these changes must be intensified.

10

Reese, Julian, Gerald Hoffmann, Johannes Fieres, and Chokri Cherif. "Characterization of the electrical behavior of a discontinuous hybrid yarn textile made of recycled carbon and PA6 fibers during Joule heating." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 10 (June 29, 2020): 1317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705720930794.

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The Joule heating of carbon fiber-based textiles enables an energy- and cost-efficient processing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic parts. This article introduces a new method to pass direct current into a dry, not pre-consolidated hybrid yarn textile based on recycled carbon fibers and polyamide 6 fibers. The aim is to melt polyamide fibers, subsequently impregnate carbon fibers, and finally consolidate the material to form a composite part in a single process step. To increase the reliability of this technology, the electrical properties and the behavior of the material during the heating process must be thoroughly investigated. It will be addressed how the material is characterized during the process and how the changing resistivity of the textile affects the current flow between the electrodes to generate intrinsic heat. Moreover, a method to determine the effective material resistivity by finite element simulation on the fiber scale based on a CT scan is presented. Thus, a validated material model with respect to the temperature development in the textile based on ρ = ρ (Τ) was established.

11

Kayacan, Ozan, and Ender Yazgan Bulgun. "Heating behaviors of metallic textile structures." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 21, no. 2/3 (February 27, 2009): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220910933853.

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12

Wie¸źlak, Wlodzimierz, and Janusz Zieliński. "Clothing Heated with Textile Heating Elements." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 5, no. 5 (May 1993): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb003023.

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13

ANDONOVA, SNEZHINA, and IVAN AMUDZHEV. "Investigation of the damp-heating processing of multilayer fabric." Industria Textila 71, no. 06 (December 10, 2020): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.06.1788.

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With the global industrial technology development, technological processes in the textile and clothing industry areconstantly evolving. These rapid rates of development necessitate the need for continuous research and analysis toestablish optimal operating modes for various technological processes. The damp-heating processing/DHP is one of themain technological processes in the sewing industry. The quality of the sewing article depends to a large extent on thequality of the performance of operations in the damp-heating processing. The wide variety of textile materials, each withdifferent composition, structure and properties, is a prerequisite for conducting extensive research to refine manageablefactors of the DHP process. In recent years, textile materials with an increasingly complex structure and multi-component composition have become increasingly important. Of particular interest are the so-called double wovenfabrics. Therefore, the subject of this study is the damp-heating processing of an innovative textile fabric tissue –amultilayer weave type “double cloth”. One of the main controllable factors of the damp-heating processing is the amountof moisture introduced into the processed textile materials. The aim of this paper is to determine the limit values for theamount of steam used in the damp-heating processing of a tissue –a multilayer weave type “double cloth”.

14

ANDONOVA, SNEZHINA, and IVAN AMUDZHEV. "Investigation of the damp-heating processing of multilayer fabric." Industria Textila 71, no. 06 (December 10, 2020): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/t.071.06.1788.

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With the global industrial technology development, technological processes in the textile and clothing industry areconstantly evolving. These rapid rates of development necessitate the need for continuous research and analysis toestablish optimal operating modes for various technological processes. The damp-heating processing/DHP is one of themain technological processes in the sewing industry. The quality of the sewing article depends to a large extent on thequality of the performance of operations in the damp-heating processing. The wide variety of textile materials, each withdifferent composition, structure and properties, is a prerequisite for conducting extensive research to refine manageablefactors of the DHP process. In recent years, textile materials with an increasingly complex structure and multi-component composition have become increasingly important. Of particular interest are the so-called double wovenfabrics. Therefore, the subject of this study is the damp-heating processing of an innovative textile fabric tissue –amultilayer weave type “double cloth”. One of the main controllable factors of the damp-heating processing is the amountof moisture introduced into the processed textile materials. The aim of this paper is to determine the limit values for theamount of steam used in the damp-heating processing of a tissue –a multilayer weave type “double cloth”.

15

Neral, Branko, Selestina Gorgieva, and Manja Kurečič. "Decontamination Efficiency of Thermal, Photothermal, Microwave, and Steam Treatments for Biocontaminated Household Textiles." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123667.

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With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, textile laundering hygiene has proved to be a fundamental measure in preventing the spread of infections. The first part of our study evaluated the decontamination efficiency of various treatments (thermal, photothermal, and microwave) for bio contaminated textiles. The effects on textile decontamination of adding saturated steam into the drum of a household textile laundering machine were investigated and evaluated in the second part of our study. The results show that the thermal treatment, conducted in a convection heating chamber, provided a slight reduction in efficiency and did not ensure the complete inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus on cotton swatches. The photothermal treatment showed higher reduction efficiency on contaminated textile samples, while the microwave treatment (at 460 W for a period of 60 s) of bio contaminated cotton swatches containing higher moisture content provided satisfactory bacterial reduction efficiency (more than 7 log steps). Additionally, the treatment of textiles in the household washing machine with the injection of saturated steam into the washing drum and a mild agitation rhythm provided at least a 7 log step reduction in S. aureus. The photothermal treatment of bio contaminated cotton textiles showed promising reduction efficiency, while the microwave treatment and the treatment with saturated steam proved to be the most effective.

16

Rahman, Mohammad Jellur, and Tetsu Mieno. "Conductive Cotton Textile from Safely Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/978484.

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Electroconductive cotton textile has been prepared by a simple dipping-drying coating technique using safely functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs). Owing to the surface functional groups, thef-MWCNTs become strongly attached with the cotton fibers forming network armors on their surfaces. As a result, the textile exhibits enhanced electrical properties with improved thermal conductivity and therefore is demonstrated as a flexible electrothermal heating element. The fabricatedf-MWCNTs/cotton textile can be heated uniformly from room temperature toca. 100°C within few minutes depending on the applied voltage. The textile shows good thermal stability and repeatability during a long-term heating test.

17

Wicaksono, Irmandy, Aditi Maheshwari, Don Derek Haddad, Joseph Paradiso, and Andreea Danielescu. "Design and Fabrication of Multifunctional E-Textiles by Upcycling Waste Cotton Fabrics through Carbonization." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 8, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3659588.

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The merging of electronic materials and textiles has triggered the proliferation of wearables and interactive surfaces in the ubiquitous computing era. However, this leads to e-textile waste that is difficult to recycle and decompose. Instead, we demonstrate an eco-design approach to upcycle waste cotton fabrics into functional textile elements through carbonization without the need for additional materials. We identify optimal parameters for the carbonization process and develop encapsulation techniques to improve the response, durability, and washability of the carbonized textiles. We then configure these e-textiles into various 'design primitives' including sensors, interconnects, and heating elements, and evaluate their electromechanical properties against commercially available e-textiles. Using these primitives, we demonstrate several applications, including a haptic-transfer fabric, a joint-sensing wearable, and an intelligent sailcloth. Finally, we highlight how the sensors can be composted, re-carbonized and coated onto other fabrics, or repurposed into different sensors towards their end-of-life to promote a circular manufacturing process.

18

Reich, Alexander, Yordan Kyosev, and Hassan Saeed. "Evaluation and optimization of textile ultrasonic welds for textile temperature control elements using transient thermal numerical analysis." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2024.5.p11-19.

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Ultrasonic welding is an efficient method of joining thermoplastic fabrics or other textile semi-finished products in a watertight manner. It is applied in the making of functional clothing, such as chemical protective clothing, sportswear or smart clothing, or other technical products. Another special field of application developed at the Chair of Development and Assembly of Textile Products is the use of coated textiles as temperature control elements. For this type of product, it is necessary to design the ultrasonic welds in such a way that the media-tight coating is not damaged and the joint is continuous. This paper presents the option of evaluating and optimizing the ultrasonic welding process for the production of the textile tempering systems using transient thermal analysis in order to improve the overall quality of the seam and ensure media tightness along the seam. In the following article, the status of the welding process, in particular the ultrasonic process, the textile materials, the heating of the textile and the joining process of welding is presented. In addition, the transient heat flow through the textile is investigated with the aid of FEM methods; taking into account, various seam structures.

19

Altidis, M. E. D., Crislene Rodrigues da Silva Morais, B. F. R. Guedes, Pablo Araújo Rodrigues, and M. A. F. Souza. "Influence of Heating Rate and Burning Temperature on the Thermal Decomposition of Textile Sludge." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1005.

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The generation of waste is a consequence of human action as a result of user and processor of raw materials. In effluents textiles sewage treatment, waste generation, especially the sludge, is a constant making it necessary to use alternatives for its management. This work aims to study the influence of the burning temperature on the thermal decomposition of textile sludge by Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis in order to use it as an additive in concrete and / or pre-molded. The TG curves of textile sludge burned at temperatures of 110°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C and 600°C showed at two to three steps of thermal decomposition. The infrared spectrum showed characteristic bands of SiO2, OH and CH and the spectrum of the sinterized sludge showed the elimination of OH and CH bands.

20

Kongahge, Dharshika, Javad Foroughi, Sanjeev Gambhir, Geoffrey M. Spinks, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Fabrication of a graphene coated nonwoven textile for industrial applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 77 (2016): 73203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15190f.

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21

Kramens, Janis, Edgars Vīgants, Sai Pavan Kanukuntla, Dmitri Goljandin, and Jeļizaveta Glušņova. "STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF PELLETS FROM TEXTILE MATERIAL WASTE AND BIOMASS MIXTURE IN INDUSTRIAL AND RESIDENTAL HEATING SYSTEMS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 13, 2023): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol1.7240.

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The efficient waste management hierarchy is based on four priorities, reuse, recycle, energy recovery, deposit.Efficient energy recovery from non-recyclable textile materials (waste to energy) principles we study in this paper. Energy recovery from the fuel pellets consisting of waste textile materials and biomass depends on many factors. One of the main is to create a competitive form for the newly offered fuel (pellets from a mixture of biomass and textile), as well using a new generation of small-scale energy production facilities. Using already existing applications for efficient waste management is one of the circular economy aspects we lay on in this paper.Roughly estimated that the quantities of textiles separately collected will increased from 65 000 to 90 000 tons per year across the EU-27 from 2025. Reuse and recycling outlets will need to be created, as the current sorting and recycling capacities are not sufficient to process the anticipated volumes. However, it is also expected that at least half of these additional volumes will comprise non-reusable textile waste with specific flame retardant (FR) treatment. It is known that flame retardant is hazard by its adverse environmental impacts of FRs in their production and disposal phases.The objective of the paper is to review opportunities of elaboration a new type of the fuel pellets, and using them in industrial heat pellet boilers and combined heat and power CHP systems.Elaborated the new pellets from biomass (prepared by plasticization method) and chopped textile waste sized till 2-3 mm (by method separative milling) were tested in controlled combustion processes.Experiments were carried out by adding different proportions of textile waste to biomass pellets and the results obtained are summarized in the article

22

Petru, Michal, Azam Ali, Amir Sohail Khan, Pavel Srb, Lubos Kucera, and Jiri Militky. "Flexible Coated Conductive Textiles as Ohmic Heaters in Car Seats." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 6874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13126874.

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Pleasant interior conditions within cars, as well as a comfortable feeling, are primary needs of car drivers to perform vital body functions during driving. In a cooler outer environment, a warming system within seats can quite feasibly maintain a realistic thermal balance in the body. An inbuilt heating system in car seats can not only provide adequate heat to the driver but is also relevant to minimizing the energy consumption within the vehicle interior. In order to evenly distribute the heat over the body contact area of the automotive seats, conductive textiles are proposed. In fact, these textiles behave as a semiconductor (as an electrical conductor and also creating resistance, which in turn creates heat). Flexible textile ohmic heaters present great advantages due to their ability to bend, stretch, and stitch. These properties make them valuable to ensure uniform heaters for irregular geometries. The present review highlights the use of different textile-based ohmic heaters, their fabrication methods, range of heating, and durability. Moreover, this review also focuses on the comparative mechanical performance and comfort properties of the presented fabrics (used in car seats). This study is beneficial for future trends of minimizing energy consumption and providing an effective way to reduce the carbon emissions and air pollution produced by vehicles.

23

Marischal, Louis, Aurélie Cayla, Guillaume Lemort, Valentin Laurent, Christine Campagne, and Éric Devaux. "Heating filament with Self-Regulation Temperature by Coating a Metallic Yarn with a Conductive Polymer Composite." Solid State Phenomena 333 (June 10, 2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6e06b7.

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Nowadays, the heating textiles are used in many fields of applications as medicine or comfort. The heating property for the most part of these textiles was ensured by electrical conductive fiber as metallic yarn thanks to Joule Effect. A challenge for heating textile is to have an electrical conductive fiber which has a temperature self-regulation at the comfort temperature. Thanks to this temperature self-regulation, the heating textile reaches more autonomy. To develop this kind of textile, conductive polymer composite (CPC), which is the combination between an insulating polymer and electrical conductivity nanofillers [1], is made by melt spinning. The temperature self-regulation is provided by the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, which allows switching between an electrical conductivity state and an insulating state when the CPC is close to a transition phase temperature (glass transition temperature or melt temperature). However, when the PTC effect can take place at the melting point, the mechanical properties are not involved. So to maintain the final product an immiscible polymer blend was used: one polymer was the CPC and the second polymer was an insulating polymer with a higher melting point than the target temperature. In fact, the CPC involve the electrical conductivity and the PTC effect, whereas the insulating polymer involves the mechanical properties. However, a high electrical conductivity is necessary to reach the comfort temperature (defined around 42°) by Joule Effect. So to reach this temperature, the coating on a metallic yarn by the conductive immiscible polymer blend was used. The electrical conductivity of this product was improved by the metallic yarn and the self-regulating temperature by the PTC effect of the immiscible polymer blend (figure 1). In this paper the immiscible polymer blend used is a polycaprolactone (PCL) filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and a polypropylene (PP). In fact, in a previous paper the co-continuity and the selective localisation of the fillers in the PCL for this blend was studied [2]. The influence of the thickness CPC coating and the influence of the structure of metallic yarn were studied on the electrical conductivity, the Joule Effect and PTC effect.

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Toeters, Marina, Martijn ten Bhömer, Eliza Bottenberg, Oscar Tomico, and Ger Brinks. "Research through Design: A Way to Drive Innovative Solutions in the Field of Smart Textiles." Advances in Science and Technology 80 (September 2012): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.80.112.

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Research through design allows creating a dialogue with the material. It uses making and reflection on action as a generator of knowledge. Our aim is to explore the opportunities and challenges of smart textiles. The Fablab is our set up, a place that allows us to combine the hacking- scientific-, and design community. It stimulates collaboration and the knowledge exchange needed for the development of smart textile systems. A collaborative prototyping workshop for medical products combined two worlds. The textile world in Saxion aims at incorporating conductive materials into textile structures and functional- / 3D printing to create systems for applications such as flexible heating systems and wearable technology. We combined this with the world of Industrial Design at TU/e, focused on the design of intelligent products, systems and services by the research through design approach. The collaboration between these different disciplines speeded up the process by reducing the resistance to the new and skipped the frustration on failure.

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Hasanbeigi, Ali, and M. Jibran S. Zuberi. "Electrification of Steam and Thermal Oil Boilers in the Textile Industry: Techno-Economic Analysis for China, Japan, and Taiwan." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 9179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239179.

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Process heating is typically more than half of the total final energy demand in the textile industry, most of which is usually provided by fossil fuels. There is significant potential to decarbonize the textile industry by the electrification of process heating where low-carbon electricity is used. This study aims to quantify the potential for the electrification of process heating in the textile sector in three of the top textile manufacturing and exporting countries in the world. The results show that the total annual potential energy savings due to the electric steam boiler applications are estimated to be around 92, 2.4, and 2.5 PJ in China, Japan, and Taiwan, respectively, by 2050. This is equal to approximately 19% of the total boiler energy demand in the three economies. Similarly, annual potential energy savings of 8.6, 0.21, and 0.24 PJ can be realized if the existing fossil-fuel-fired thermal oil boilers are electrified in the textile industry in China, Japan, and Taiwan, respectively, by 2050. Moreover, the potential CO2 abatement resulting from the electrification is highly dependent on the carbon intensity of the electricity used. The economic analysis shows that switching from combustion boilers to electric boilers may result in higher energy costs primarily because the average electricity prices in all three economies are substantially higher than fossil fuel prices. Finally, some key recommendations that different stakeholders can take to scale up electrification in the textile industry are provided.

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Wei, Pei Tao, Xu Nan Ning, Yun Zhou, Jing Yong Liu, and Jun Yu. "Investigation on the Co-Combustion Characteristics of Textile Dyeing Sludge and Sawdust." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 1440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1440.

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The combustion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge，sawdust and its blends at different proportions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG) at different heating rates. The results showed that there existed four obviously temperature zones during the textile dyeing sludge combustion curves, which were corresponding to moisture's exhalation、two stages of devolatilizations and fixed carbon combustion. With the increasing of heating rates, the burning time was shorten and the combustion rate was faster of the textile dying sludge. DTG curve of the blends was more closed to that of the larger proportions. Comprehensive combustion characteristic index SN of the sludge-sawdust blends showed an uptrend, which demonstrated that higher volatility had better combustion characteristics.

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Padleckienė, Ingrida, Laimutė Stygienė, and Sigitas Krauledas. "Development and Investigation of a Textile Heating Element Ensuring Thermal Physiological Comfort." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 5(143) (October 31, 2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2385.

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The aim of this research was to develop a flexible heating element and investigate its heating capability in simulated wearing conditions. Polyester silver (Ag)-plated yarns incorporated in the reverse side of the knitted structure were used to provide electrical conductivity. A special knitted structure was selected to keep conductive yarn only in the reverse side of the material. All the heating element was made using only textile materials and yarns. A temperature sensor thermistor was used as an electronic element to follow the body temperature, and the remaining elements ensuring a correct electric circuit and heating were made of textile. Another type of heating element was produced using enamelled copper wire, which was inserted into the knitted fabric structure. Investigation of both types of heating elements was made by determining the dependences of the heating elements’ temperatures on the current and voltage applied. It was concluded that the heating element with silver plated yarns used gave out warmth more evenly over all the resistive area. The microcontroller, which has a heating dynamics data storage function, was programmed to control the operations of the two heating elements. A model of an intelligent apparel product with two heating elements ensuring a comfortable microclimate for the user was created. Field tests were performed for the model created by wearing the product and setting the temperatures of both heating elements, for which the continuous operating time was determined.

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Su, Ying, Xiaoming Zhao, and Yue Han. "Phase Change Microcapsule Composite Material with Intelligent Thermoregulation Function for Infrared Camouflage." Polymers 15, no. 14 (July 15, 2023): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143055.

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The infrared camouflage textile materials with soft and wear-resistant properties can effectively reduce the possibility of soldiers and military equipment being exposed to infrared detectors. In this paper, the infrared camouflage textile composites with intelligent temperature adjustment ability were prepared by different methods, using phase change microcapsule as the main raw material and high polymer polyurethane as the matrix, combining the two factors of temperature control and emissivity reduction. It was tested by differential scanning calorimeter, temperature change tester, infrared emissivity tester, and infrared imager. The results show that the temperature regulation effect of textile materials finished by coating method is better than dip rolling method, the temperature regulation ability and presentation effect are the best when the microcapsule content is 27%. When the bottom layer of infrared camouflage textile composite is 27% phase change microcapsule and the surface layer is 20% copper powder, its infrared emissivity in the band of 2–22 μm is 0.656, and the rate of heating and cooling is obviously slowed down. It has excellent heat storage and temperature regulation function, which can reduce the skin surface temperature by more than 6 °C and effectively reduce the infrared radiation. This study can provide reference for laboratory preparation and industrial production of infrared camouflage composite material. The infrared camouflage textile composite prepared are expected to be used in the field of military textiles.

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Carr, Chris. "Development of Eco-Friendly Colouration Processes for Textiles." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.777.

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The textile industry is under continuous pressure to develop and implement eco-friendly processes that offer high performance, acceptable costs and minimal environmental impact. Water is the processing medium to colour textiles and its use incurs a significant cost in terms of acquisition, purification, heating, rinsing, drying and disposal. In this study we examine the problems and potential solutions associated with water-based colouration, the application of pigment dyeing systems and the effect of fluorocarbon finishes and plasma processing on improving their surface and bulk properties.

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Hellmann, Sven, Thomas Gereke, Wolfgang Truemper, and Chokri Cherif. "Development and characterization of a through-air thermobonding process with high heating rate for activating the binder and producing preforms for fibre-reinforced polymers." Journal of Composite Materials 58, no. 9 (March 21, 2024): 1195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983241238652.

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This study focuses on the development of an advanced high heating rate thermobonding process for the manufacture of preforms and the metrological characterisation of the process. The process involves passing hot air, driven by pressure differential, through a textile stack consisting of several plies of a quadraxial fabric coated with a binder. Heat is transferred into the stack and into the binder by forced convection, melting the binder. The process is used in the same way to cool the stack and binder so that the plies are bonded together. The pressure differential compacts the stack. The comprehensive methodological characterisation of the process includes first determining the air permeability of the stack and thus the volume flow of air as a function of the number of plies stacked. Further characterisation focuses on a comprehensive determination of the heating behaviour in the individual plies as a function of time, using thermocouples and thermal imaging to determine the temperatures of hot air and textiles. These are compared and related using a mathematical approach as different values have been found. The results indicate high heating rates, reducing process time by at least 85% compared to previous binder activation methods. In addition, the cantilever method assesses the flexural stiffness of the processed stacks and shows a twofold improvement in bond strength compared to uncompacted stacks. Results and discussions include orifice based volume flow determination, thermography calibration, mathematical modelling, stiffness of bonded textile plies, process comparison, process control and potential energy savings.

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Sert, Sema, Şirin Siyahjani Gultekin, Burak Gültekin, Deniz Duran Kaya, and Ayşegül Körlü. "A Facile Approach to Produce Activated Carbon from Waste Textiles via Self-Purging Microwave Pyrolysis and FeCl3 Activation for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications." Polymers 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16070915.

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This study aims to convert composite textile structures composed of nonwoven and woven fabrics produced from cotton–jute wastes into activated carbon textile structures and investigate the possibilities of using them for electromagnetic shielding applications. To this end, the novel contribution of this study is that it shows that directly carbonized nonwoven textile via self-purging microwave pyrolysis can provide Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding without any processing, including cleaning. Textile carbonization is generally achieved with conventional heating methods, using inert gas and long processing times. In the present study, nonwoven fabric from cotton–jute waste was converted into an activated carbon textile structure in a shorter time via microwaves without inert gas. Due to its polar structure, FeCl3 has been used as a microwave absorbent, providing homogeneous heating in the microwave and acting as an activating agent to serve dual purposes in the carbonization process. The maximum surface area (789.9 m2/g) was obtained for 5% FeCl3. The carbonized composite textile structure has a maximum of 39.4 dB at 1 GHz of EMI shielding effectiveness for 10% FeCl3, which corresponds to an excellent grade for general use and a moderate grade for professional use, exceeding the acceptable range for industrial and commercial applications of 20 dB, according to FTTS-FA-003.

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Shabani, Aulon, Majlinda Hylli, and Ilda Kazani. "Investigating Properties of Electrically Conductive Textiles: A Review." TEKSTILEC 65, no. 3 (October 19, 2022): 194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022045.

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Electro-conductive textiles are mostly fabrics that have conductive elements or electronics integrated into them to achieve electrical characteristics. They have acquired considerable attention in applications involving sensors, communications, heating textiles, entertainment, health care, safety etc. To produce electro-conductive textiles, several techniques, e.g. chemical treating with conductive polymers on various textile materials, or using different technologies, e.g. knitting, weaving, embroidery techniques to include conductive threads into fabric interconnections etc., are being used. Electro-conductive fabrics are flexible enough to be adapted to quick changes in any particular application, beginning with wearable purposes and sensing needs as specified by many different groups. The ability of electro-conductive textiles to conduct electricity is the most essential property they must possess. In addition, the applications that may be worn should have stable electrical, thermal and mechanical qualities. The most recent developments in the field of electro-conductive textiles represent the aim of this review, which analyses these properties, including the investigation of methods that are used to obtain conductive textiles, their electrical properties, thermal properties, and beyond that, the scientific methods that are used to measure and investigate electro-conductive textiles. We also focused on the textile materials used in studies, as well as the technologies used to make them conductive, which may be a guide for different interested groups for use in a variety of smart applications.

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Lebioda, Marcin, and Ewa Korzeniewska. "The Influence of Buffer Layer Type on the Electrical Properties of Metallic Layers Deposited on Composite Textile Substrates in the PVD Process." Materials 16, no. 13 (July 6, 2023): 4856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134856.

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In the era of developing wearable electronics, the miniaturization of electronic systems and their implementation in the textile industry is one of the key issues. For this reason, it is important to select the appropriate textile substrates upon which it is possible to produce electroconductive structures, as well as their selection from the point of view of the electrical parameters’ stability. For this purpose, research related to the effect of heating a substrate on the resistance of the structures produced in the process of physical vacuum planting was conducted. Textile composites with a buffer layer made of polyurethane, Teflon, and acrylic were used as substrates in the tests. Such layers are an integral part of textile composites and a necessary element for producing structures with continuous electrical conductivity. The conducted tests showed that a buffer layer made of polyurethane (thermal conductivity, e.g., PERMACOL 5450 resin 0.16 W/mK) heated to 15 °C above room temperature was a layer that introduced changes into the surface resistance of the structures. The resistance values of the samples produced on a substrate containing a buffer layer of polyurethane varied in the range of 9–23%, depending on the manufacturer of the composite in the case of a self-heating mode, and in the case of an external heating mode, these changes were smaller and ranged from 8 to 16%. Such a phenomenon occurred regardless of the type of applied metal, and this was not observed in the case of composites with a Teflon or acrylic sublayer. For this reason, it is necessary to take into account the fact that textronic structures made on substrates containing a polyurethane layer may change the surface resistance depending on the temperature. The electrical parameters of such structures were checked by heating the structure using an external heater and self-heating mechanism. The same phenomenon was observed in both cases.

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Moreira, Inês Pimentel, Usha Kiran Sanivada, João Bessa, Fernando Cunha, and Raul Fangueiro. "A Review of Multiple Scale Fibrous and Composite Systems for Heating Applications." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123686.

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Different types of heating systems have been developed lately, representing a growing interest in both the academic and industrial sectors. Based on the Joule effect, fibrous structures can produce heat once an electrical current is passed, whereby different approaches have been followed. For that purpose, materials with electrical and thermal conductivity have been explored, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, intrinsically conducting polymers, fibers or hybrids. We review the usage of these emerging nanomaterials at the nanoscale and processed up to the macroscale to create heaters. In addition to fibrous systems, the creation of composite systems for electrical and thermal conductivity enhancement has also been highly studied. Different techniques can be used to create thin film heaters or heating textiles, as opposed to the conventional textile technologies. The combination of nanoscale and microscale materials gives the best heating performances, and some applications have already been proven, even though some effort is still needed to reach the industry level.

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Arce, Andres, Panagiotis Kapsalis, Catherine G. Papanicolaou, and Thanasis C. Triantafillou. "Diagonal Compression Tests on Unfired and Fired Masonry Wallettes Retrofitted with Textile-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Mortar." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010014.

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This paper discusses the integration of an alkali-activated mortar (AAM), based on industrial waste, into a novel composite material fit for structural upgrading purposes and rendered with high temperature endurance and a low CO2 footprint. The AAM combined with carbon fiber textiles form a new generation of sustainable inorganic matrix composites—that of textile-reinforced alkali-activated mortars (TRAAM). A test program was designed to assess the effectiveness of carbon TRAAM overlays in increasing the shear capacity of masonry wall specimens comprising solid clay bricks bonded with lime-based mortar and furnished with TRAAM jackets on both sides. The initial and the residual capacity of the reinforced walls were evaluated, the latter by performing diagonal compression tests after exposure to 300 °C and 550 °C. It was shown that TRAAM jacketing can increase the shear capacity of unfired masonry walls by 260% and 335% when a single or a double layer of textile is used, respectively. Rapid heating to temperatures up to 550 °C, one-hour-long steady-state heating, and natural cooling bore no visible thermal cracks on the specimens and had little effect on their residual capacity. Based on these results, the prospect of using TRAAM for retrofitting applications for fire-resilient structures seems very auspicious.

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Kim, Yurim, Jonghun Lim, Jae Yun Shim, Seokil Hong, Heedong Lee, and Hyungtae Cho. "Optimization of Heat Exchanger Network via Pinch Analysis in Heat Pump-Assisted Textile Industry Wastewater Heat Recovery System." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093090.

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Reactive dyeing is primarily used in the textile industry to achieve a high level of productivity for high-quality products. This method requires heating a large amount of freshwater for dyeing and cooling for the biological treatment of discharged wastewater. If the heat of the wastewater discharged from the textile industry is recovered, energy used for heating freshwater and cooling wastewater can be significantly reduced. However, the energy efficiency of this industry remains low, owing to the limited use of waste heat. Hence, this study suggested a cost-optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) in a heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system with maximizing energy efficiency simultaneously. A novel two-step approach was suggested to develop the optimal HEN in heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system. In the first step, the system was designed to integrate the heat exchanger and heat pump to recover waste heat effectively. In the second step, the HEN in the newly developed system was retrofitted using super-targeted pinch analysis to minimize cost and maximize energy efficiency simultaneously. As a result, the proposed wastewater heat recovery system reduced the total annualized cost by up to 43.07% as compared to the conventional textile industry lacking a wastewater heat recovery system. These findings may facilitate economic and environmental improvements in the textile industry.

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Muneer, T., M. Asif, Z. Cizmecioglu, and H. K. Ozturk. "Prospects for solar water heating within Turkish textile industry." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12, no. 3 (April 2008): 807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.024.

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Trommer, Kristin, Bernd Morgenstern, and Carina Petzold. "Preparing of Heatable, CNT-Functionalized Polymer Membranes for Application in Textile Composites." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.67.

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The electrically induced heating of textile composite materials is already applied in the clothing and outdoor use. However, making thin, flexible and washable heating layers remains a challenge. Based on various polymers thin electrically heatable polymer sheets were developed using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as electrically conductive fillers in silicone, polyurethane as well as polyvinylchloride. To prepare the membranes a knife coating process was applied. The viscosity of the polymer masses, the particle alignment, the percolation as well as the electrically and heating properties of the membranes were investigated.

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Kim, Hyelim, and Sunhee Lee. "Characterization of Electrical Heating Textile Coated by Graphene Nanoplatelets/PVDF-HFP Composite with Various High Graphene Nanoplatelet Contents." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050928.

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We prepared a horseshoe-pattern type electrical heating textile that was coated with high graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) content (32 wt% to 64 wt%) of graphene nanoplatelet/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) composite. Silver-coated conductive yarn is used as electrode in the sample to improve its flexibility and applicability as wearable textile. These graphene nanoplatelet/PVDF-HFP coated samples with various high-contents of graphene were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), sheet resistance analysis, and electrical heating performance analysis. Graphene nanoplatelet/PVDF-HFP coated cotton fabric improved the crystallinity and thermal stability with increasing thw high-content of GNP. With an increasing of the high-content of graphene nanoplatelet in the PVDF-HFP composite solution, the sheet resistance of samples tended to gradually decrease. That of, 64 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/PVDF-HFP composite coated sample (64 GR/cotton) was 44 Ω/sq. The electrical heating performance of graphene nanoplatelet/PVDF-HFP composite coated cotton fabric was improved with increasing the high-content of graphene nanoplatelet. When 5 V was applied to 64 GR/cotton, its surface temperature has been indicated to be about 48 °C and it could be used at a low voltage (<10 V). Thus, a horseshoe-pattern type electrical heating textile that is coated by high content of graphene nanoplatelet/PVDF-HFP composite solution sewn with silver-coated conductive yarn is expected to be applied to glove, shoes, jacket, and so on to improve its wearability and applicability.

40

Mo, Songying, Manni Mo, and Kai-Chiu Ho. "Fabrication of electric heating garment with plasma-assisted metal coating (PAC) technology." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-04-2019-0050.

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Purpose Under extremely cold weather, traditional winter clothing may not be adequate to keep warm in the harsh environment. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Wearable heat-generating (electric heating) clothing which covers the thermal sensitive zone of the human body can protect the human body from hypothermia. Existing heatable jacket in the market using carbon fiber is relatively expensive, complicated and require a lengthy manufacturing time. Findings Through experimental evaluation, the textile treated by plasma-assisted metal coating (PAC) has demonstrated excellent stability in temperature during the heating process. Originality/value This paper introduces an innovative, low-cost PAC technology using optimized plasma-assisted metallic deposition that is able to preserve the physical properties of the textile.

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Michalak, Marina, and Izabella Krucińska. "A smart textile fabric with two-way action." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 18 (June 28, 2017): 2044–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517715086.

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The aim of the paper was to develop a prototype of smart textile material with shape memory elements that give variable thermal insulation dependent on the emission-absorption of heat. Shape memory elements were made in the form of spirals of two-way action from nitinol (NiTi) one-way wire. Two groups of samples were made: active and non-active. The active spirals expand at temperatures lower than the characteristic inner state transition temperature and contract as the temperature becomes higher than the transient temperature, which was about 45℃. The non-active spirals do not change dimensions under the influence of heat supply. The material of the layered structure was prepared. The first layer consisted of cotton woven fabric and the second layer featured a system of NiTi spiral elements, while the final layer was made of a thin Teflon foil. The behavior of samples during absorption-emission of heat was studied. Temperature measurements were conducted using an infrared camera; samples were placed on a heater to ensure contact between the Teflon layer and the base, and the temperature was recorded at the sample surface (woven fabric) as a function of the heating time for both active and non-active samples. A theoretical model that makes it possible to determine the time variable thermal parameters of the smart textile material was developed. Good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results was received. The temperature on the surface of the active sample was approximately 10℃ higher at the end of heating than the temperature of the non-active sample after the same heating pattern.

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Caya, Meo Vincent, Rodney Gian Yrureta, Wen-Yaw Chung, and Zailla P. Flores-Payag. "Development of conductive thread heating element on wireless heating e-textile belt for thermotherapy application." Automatika 62, no. 3 (June 20, 2021): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2021.1943186.

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Repon, Md Reazuddin, and Daiva Mikučionienė. "Progress in Flexible Electronic Textile for Heating Application: A Critical Review." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 6540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216540.

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Intelligent textiles are predicted to see a ‘surprising’ development in the future. The consequence of this revived interest has been the growth of industrial goods and the improvement of innovative methods for the incorporation of electrical features into textiles materials. Conductive textiles comprise conductive fibres, yarns, fabrics, and finished goods produced using them. Present perspectives to manufacture electrically conductive threads containing conductive substrates, metal wires, metallic yarns, and intrinsically conductive polymers. This analysis concentrates on the latest developments of electro-conductivity in the area of smart textiles and heeds especially to materials and their assembling processes. The aim of this work is to illustrate a potential trade-off between versatility, ergonomics, low energy utilization, integration, and heating properties.

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Griffin, W. Lamar, and Walter A. Hendrix. "Microwave Heating and Drying in Textile Processing-Present and Future." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-22, no. 1 (January 1986): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.1986.4504691.

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Muneer, T., S. Maubleu, and M. Asif. "Prospects of solar water heating for textile industry in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10, no. 1 (February 2006): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2004.07.003.

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Reese, Julian, Michael Vorhof, Gerald Hoffmann, Kurt Böhme, and Chokri Cherif. "Joule heating of dry textiles made of recycled carbon fibers and PA6 for the series production of thermoplastic composites." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020905828.

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Processing carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic parts includes heating to form the thermoplastic matrix. The needed heat can be applied externally or internally to the preform. One possibility to generate intrinsic heat involves the use of carbon fibers as a resistive element to induce joule heat. So far, most research efforts have been based on contacting continuous carbon fibers on both ends to melt the thermoplastic matrix of a pre-impregnated preform. The objective of this project is to use a dry hybrid yarn textile in a one-step process to impregnate and rapidly consolidate the dry textile in less than a minute. The desired molding process is based on joule heating of carbon fibers due to an applied current in the transverse fiber direction. This article focuses on the detection of the involved macroscopic parameters. The first composites produced by means of this new method exhibit a high potential with heating times of 15 s, a void fraction below 1%, and flexural properties comparable to the state of the art.

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Choi, Han Na, Seung Hyun Jee, Jaehwan Ko, Dong Joo Kim, and Sun Hee Kim. "Properties of Surface Heating Textile for Functional Warm Clothing Based on a Composite Heating Element with a Positive Temperature Coefficient." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040904.

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A high-stretch positive temperature coefficient (PTC) surface heating textile (PTC-SHT) was fabricated using a composite of PTC powder and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The PTC-SHT (heating area = 100 × 100 mm2) was produced by screen-printing the PTC-MWCNT composite paste onto a high-stretch textile with embroidered electrodes. Overall, the temperature increased to 56.1 °C with a power consumption of 5 W over 7 min. Subsequently, the surface temperature of the PTC-SHT remained constant despite the continued decrease in power consumption. This indicated that heating was accompanied by an increase in resistance of the PTC-SHT, which is typical of this process—i.e., heating to a constant temperature under a constant voltage over an extended period of time. In addition, 4.63 W power was required to heat the PTC-SHT surface from an external temperature of 5 to 45 °C in 10 min, after which stable low-temperature heat generation behavior was observed at a constant temperature of 50 °C, which was maintained over 40 min. In contrast, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior has been observed in an NTC-SHT consisting of only MWCNTs, where a slow heating rate in the initial stage of power application and a continuous increase in surface temperature and power consumption were noted. The PTC-SHT consumed less power for heat generation than the NTC-SHT and exhibited rapid heating behavior in the initial stage of power application. The heat generation characteristics of the PTC-SHT were maintained at 95% after 100,000 cycles of 20% stretch–contraction testing, and the heating temperature remained uniformly distributed within ± 2 °C across the entire heating element. These findings demonstrated that an SHT with PTC characteristics is highly suitable for functional warm clothing applications that require low power consumption, rapid heating, stable warmth, and high durability.

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Chen, Xiao Liang, Zuan Tian, and Jian Ping Ding. "Experimental Measurement and Prediction of Heating Values of Municipal Solid Waste." Materials Science Forum 867 (August 2016): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.867.139.

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The weight percentage of food waste, plastics and rubber, paper, textile, weed and wood, and leather were measured for dry-base municipal solid wastes in a city of west China respectively. The dry higher heating value, wet higher heating value, and wet lower heating value of municipal solid wastes were also measured respectively. Based on the measured physical compositions data of wastes, three models were developed to predict three kinds of heating values respectively by the multiple linear regression method. The prediction results were compared with three predictive models from different regions in the world, and the predictive results of the developed models are the most accurate.

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Silvestre, Rocio, Eduardo Garcia-Breijo, Josué Ferri, Ignacio Montava, and Eva Bou-Belda. "The Influence of the Structure of Cotton Fabrics on the Adhesion of Conductive Polymer Printed with 3D Printing Technology." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030668.

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Three-dimensional printing technology is being increasingly applied in a multitude of sectors. However, this technology is not generally applied in the same way as in other sectors, possibly due to the difficulty of adhesion between the polymer and the textile substrate. A textile garment is subjected to wear and tear during its lifetime, and a low tensile strength or rubbing resistance hinders a garment in most of the applications of this type of research. This study examined the influence of the characteristics of the cotton textile substrate, such as the weave structure and the yarn thickness, on the tensile strength of a 3D-printed element with conductive filament. Starting from the fabric with the highest tensile strength, different prints were made using this technology to incorporate conductive and heating properties into the fabric. The results validate the possibility of providing new properties to the textile by means of this technology; however, the correct selection of the textile used as a base substrate is important.

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Jiao, Miaolun, Yonggang Yao, Glenn Pastel, Tangyuan Li, Zhiqiang Liang, Hua Xie, Weiqing Kong, Boyang Liu, Jianwei Song, and Liangbing Hu. "Fly-through synthesis of nanoparticles on textile and paper substrates." Nanoscale 11, no. 13 (2019): 6174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10137j.

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