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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 червня 2024

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1

N., Baggyalakshmi, G. Bava harini, and Revathi R. "Internal Sales Management of Heating Materials and Heating Systems." International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 23, 2023): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajse/v10i2/iajse1018.

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Software - M3, Microsoft office dynamics 365 and Microsoft excel. The whole work deals with three types of categories HS (Heating System), PHS (Process Heating System) and HM (Heating Material). All these categories consist of many products. The heating system requires 3 to 6 weeks to be manufactured. The process heating material needs 3 months to be manufactured. The heating materials are usually kept ready for the orders. There are two types of sales- the field sales and the inside sales. The field sales take care of the getting orders from the customers. The inside sales takes care of the internal information of the customer, invoicing, and order confirmation. The inside sales also look after the payment process and order placement. Firstly, a PO is sent from the field sales regarding the customer and the order requested. As mentioned, customer master and financial based works are taken over by the inside sales. The customer master is used to check whether the customer is new or old, whether to accept the order and to also check whether payments can be made. All the information is uploaded in a M3 and Dynamics 365 software and an invoice is being created. The invoice is sent to the technical team. When the technical team confirms the order then the information is sent to the design team and the delivery date is finalized. Then the order is confirmed by the inside sales. The production is started after confirmation. There is a separate team for assembly. After confirmation the inside sales proceed with payment methods.

2

Sovetova, N., A. Sinitsyn, E. Tritenko, O. Derevianko, L. Mukhametova, A. Fedukhin, S. Makoev, and A. Kalyutik. "Regional management of district heating." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 288 (July 25, 2019): 012121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/288/1/012121.

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3

Van Der Meulen, S. F. "Load management in district heating systems." Energy and Buildings 12, no. 3 (November 1988): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(88)90063-1.

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4

Naumova, Olga Aleksandrovna, and Lilit Karenovna Kasparova. "MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AUTOMATION OF HEATING COMPANIES." Problemy razvitiya predpriyatii: teoriya i praktika, no. 1-2 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/pedtr-20-2021-2-pp.42.

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5

Li, Hongwei, and Stephen Jia Wang. "Load Management in District Heating Operation." Energy Procedia 75 (August 2015): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.155.

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6

Watson, Jonathan A., Celina Gómez, D. E. Buffington, Ray A. Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, and Dennis B. McConnell. "Heating Greenhouses." EDIS 2019 (November 25, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ae015-2019.

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A greenhouse has one purpose: to provide and maintain the environment that will result in optimum crop production for maximum profit. This includes an environment for work efficiency as well as for crop growth. This publication is limited to describing equipment and methods used to control or maintain desirable temperature in a greenhouse during those periods when supplemental heat is required. There are many ways this can be accomplished from the standpoint of equipment used, type of fuel and construction used, and management practices followed. Because each operation usually has some unique characteristics, such as types of plants produced, level of desired production quality, type(s) of greenhouse(s) used, and management procedures followed, it is important that all of these factors be considered when selecting and installing a heating system. This 5-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by J. A. Watson, C. Gómez, D. E. Buffington, R. A. Bucklin, R. W. Henley, and D. B. McConnell, and published by the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2019. AE11/AE015: Heating Greenhouses (ufl.edu)

7

Zhang, Qian. "Analysis and use of building heating and thermal energy management system." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191130120z.

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To explore the role and influence of thermal energy management system on building heating, by building a thermal energy management system based on the Internet of Things, the situation of heating system and building heating is analyzed, the heat utilization rate of building heating, the stability of heating temperature, the change of heating energy consumption are mainly studied, and the energy consumption of building and the comprehensive effect of thermal energy management system and residents? satisfaction are analyzed. The research results show that through the role of the Internet of Things thermal energy management system, the heat utilization rate of heating buildings has increased from about 65% to about 80%, about 15%. The fluctuation of heating water temperature is reduced from 12?C before the system is adopted to 4 ?C, which improves significantly. The coal consumption per hour of heating system is reduced from 63 kg/h to 50 kg/h, and the coal saving is about 15%. This not only saves resources but also reduces environmental pollution. The heat management system based on the Internet of Things has significantly improved the heating system and building heating. Through the application of thermal energy management system, not only the heat utilization rate is increased, but also the consumption of resources is reduced and the environment is protected. Meanwhile, it solves the problem of building heating and the maximization of efficiency in the operation of heating companies. The research on building heating and thermal energy management system has a positive effect on the follow-up research.

8

Jing, Lu, Liu Lei, Kong Weizheng, and Pan Fangyuan. "The Evaluation of the thermal storage electric heating system Operation Management." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127101026.

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Replacing fossil energy with the high proportion of renewable energy power in the field of enduse energy is the main way to reduce carbon emissions from energy combustion. Building heating is an important component in the field of end-use energy. The thermal storage electric heating system could use wind power during low power load periods at night for building heating. On the one hand, it helps to solve the problem of wind power accommodation, on the other hand it helps to achieve carbon emission reduction in the field of building heating. Based on the background of the thermal storage electric heating system for wind power accommodation, the influencing factors that affect the efficiency and benefits of electric heating system is analysed, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct regenerative electric heating system operation management evaluation system.

9

Rak, Aleksandra. "Management aspects of the heating system work." Production Engineering Archives 11 (June 2016): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2016.11.10.

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10

Wierzbiński, Marcin. "DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0046.

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In the article author tries to scrutinize the problem regarding demand side management in district heating system. The aim of the article is to depict the ICT and IoT tools supporting demand side management in district heating. In the first part of the article the essence of demand side management was presented in particular in energy industry. After that the functionality and architecture of IT system supporting demand side management in district heating system were shown. In the last part of the article there were presented the benefits coming from implementation of such IT system in practice

11

Thilakarathne, Dilhan J., and Jan Treur. "Cognitive Simulation Driven Domestic Heating Energy Management." Procedia Environmental Sciences 34 (2016): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.009.

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12

Østergaard, Poul Alberg, Rasmus Magni Johannsen, Neven Duic, Henrik Lund, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Maria Isabel Rebelo Teixeira Soares, and Paula Fernanda Varandas Ferreira. "Sustainable Energy Planning and Management Vol 38." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management 38 (July 6, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.7812.

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This 38th volume of the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management presents some of the newest work within in the energy planning, energy systems analyses and district heating area. Articles focus on multi objective optimisarion for a community in the Alps, carbon neutrality in Estonia, the prospects of heat pumps combined with thermal energy storage in maximising self-consumpotion from a photovoltaic field and methods for assessing district heating options. Other work focus on gamification tools for assessing energy efficiency measures, country analyses of economic and environmental indicators, the adaption of alternative fuel vehicles, and the use of waste heat sources for district heating.

13

Jeffs, James, Truong Quang Dinh, Widanalage Dhammika Widanage, Andrew McGordon, and Alessandro Picarelli. "Optimisation of Direct Battery Thermal Management for EVs Operating in Low-Temperature Climates." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225980.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) experience a range reduction at low temperatures caused by the impact of cabin heating and a reduction in lithium ion performance. Heat pump equipped vehicles have been shown to reduce heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) consumption and improve low ambient temperature range. Heating the electric battery, to improve its low temperature performance, leads to a reduction in heat availability for the cabin. In this paper, dynamic programming is used to find the optimal battery heating trajectory which can optimise the vehicle’s control for either cabin comfort or battery performance and, therefore, range. Using the strategy proposed in this research, a 6.2% increase in range compared to no battery heating and 5.5% increase in thermal comfort compared to full battery heating was achieved at an ambient temperature at −7 °C.

14

Yakovyshin, O. A. "Improvement of management system of technological equipment for production of gasificable models." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-1-38-44.

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In the article on the basis of the conducted researches and available technical documentation on modern non-contact electric devices the approach to perfect a control system of heating element of equipment for the production of gasified models. The thermophysical features and mode of operation of heating elements used in equipment for the production of gasified models is given. The numerical value of the working temperature of the spiral of heating element is determined. It is shown that application of three phase Solid State Relays (SSR) increased the life of heating elements by an average of 400–450 hours. SSR in the systems for controlling the heating of liquid heat carrier of plants for the production of gasified models are promising.

15

Kugler, Till, Corinna Schittenhelm, Stephan Volkmer, Meinhard Ryba, Christian Moormann, Detlef Kurth, and Roland Koenigsdorff. "Sustainable Heating and Cooling Management of Urban Quarters." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074353.

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An important component for a renewable and sustainable heat energy supply is the consideration of urban quarters. For this purpose, the locally available energy sources, a local energy generation system, and the energy distribution in urban quarters should be considered. In the IWAES project presented here, a bidirectional low-temperature heat network was developed, thus it falls into the category of fifth-generation heat networks. It also makes use of existing urban water management infrastructure. The innovative concept is based on the approach of modifying sewers so that they can transport thermal energy between users in the same quarter and extract thermal energy from wastewater. The overall goal is to generate thermal energy and balance the different thermal needs. This is particularly useful in mixed-use quarters, as the peak loads of different uses occur at different times. The supply concept also envisages integrating other thermal energy sources available in the quarter as well as storage options into the supply concept. As a framework for the technical aspects, a precise urban planning concept is needed that provides the legal framework for land use and urban development and coordinates and implements the developed concept—through so-called energy master planning. A life cycle assessment shows the ecological impact of the developed concept compared to a conventional energy solution. It also shows the savings potential of the developed concept compared to an urban quarter supplied conventionally with heating and de-centrally with cooling. The assessment outlines the dual use of the pre-existing infrastructure, such as the wastewater system, significantly reduces CO2 equivalents. Another result is that the sustainability of the system depends significantly on the used mix of electric sources.

16

Hasan, Abul R., and N. N. Bengiamin. "Optimal Use of Dual Heating for Load Management." Electric Machines & Power Systems 15, no. 2 (October 1988): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313568808909322.

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17

Paris, Benjamin, Julien Eynard, Stéphane Grieu, Thierry Talbert, and Monique Polit. "Heating control schemes for energy management in buildings." Energy and Buildings 42, no. 10 (October 2010): 1908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.05.027.

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18

Sernhed, Kerstin, and Mikael Jönsson. "Risk management for maintenance of district heating networks." Energy Procedia 116 (June 2017): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.085.

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19

Cai, Hanmin, Charalampos Ziras, Shi You, Rongling Li, Kristian Honoré, and Henrik W. Bindner. "Demand side management in urban district heating networks." Applied Energy 230 (November 2018): 506–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.105.

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20

Jones, Richard D. "4809516 Residential heating cooling and energy management system." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 10, no. 1 (January 1990): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(90)90271-k.

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21

Ibrahim, Oussama, Farouk Fardoun, Rafic Younes, and Hasna Louahlia-Gualous. "Optimal management proposal for hybrid water heating system." Energy and Buildings 75 (June 2014): 342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.02.023.

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22

Verrilli, Francesca, Giovanni Gambino, Seshadhri Srinivasan, Giovanni Palmieri, Carmen Del Vecchio, and Luigi Glielmo. "Demand Side Management for heating controls in Microgrids." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 1 (2016): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.03.123.

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23

Susanti, Hera, Afrizal Abdi Musyafiq, Hendi Purnata, Novita Asma Ilahi, and Saepul Rahmat. "Automated Water Heating Management with Internet of Things." Jurnal Jartel Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 13, no. 2 (June 18, 2023): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v13i2.707.

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IoT devices can range from smart home devices such as thermostats and security systems to industrial control systems used in manufacturing and other industries. One focus of the IoT-based monitoring and control concept is monitoring and controlling water heaters based on IoT technology to support the creation of a smart home. The purpose of this research is to create a system that can control and monitor water heaters remotely using the Android Studio application so that the water temperature in the heater can be ensured for safety, comfort, reliability, and energy efficiency. The system is designed using temperature sensors and water flow sensors, and then the data is processed with the NodeMCU microcontroller and then sent to the Firebase website to be displayed on the application. The application built can set a large amount of water and heat it to the desired temperature before sending it to Firebase and then to NodeMCU. The result of this research is an application that is able to control and monitor a water heater with an average measurement difference of 0.38 liters and an average error percentage of 7.11% The relay control system in the application has an average delay time of 3.6 seconds.

24

Wang, Wei, Xiaofang Wang, Xu Tan, Ruiduo Xu, Rong Xie, and Jiliang Han. "ICOPE-15-C128 Research about management mode of Combined Cooling Heating and Power system." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2015.12 (2015): _ICOPE—15——_ICOPE—15—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2015.12._icope-15-_193.

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25

Liao, Zhinong. "Analysis and application of building heating and thermal energy management system." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191212125l.

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Objective: Through the analysis and application of building heating and thermal energy management system, this paper proposes a new thermal energy control strategy to improve the automation level of building heating optimization. Method: This study analyzes the principle of indoor heat balance in buildings. Aiming at the different heating needs of different buildings, a new control strategy is proposed by combining neural network models and fuzzy control theory. Finally, this strategy is applied to the actual building heating, and the practical application value of the strategy proposed by this study is verified through experiments. Result: In the heating stage, after applying the control strategy, the maximum relative error of the temperature is 0.047, and the average error is 0.013. In the antifreeze stage, the maximum error is 0.143 and the average error is 0.09. After the implementation of the control strategy, the temperature fluctuations in the room change little and remain almost between 19 ?C and 21 ?C. Buildings consume less heat with the highest energy saving rate of 14.37% and the average energy saving rate of 9.23%. Conclusion: The control strategy proposed in this study can adjust the indoor temperature according to the actual situation and achieve the purpose of reasonable heat use. Moreover, it has certain energy-saving effects and can be applied to building heating.

26

Borysiak, Olena, Łukasz Skowron, Vasyl Brych, Volodymyr Manzhula, Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi, Monika Sak-Skowron, and Tomasz Wołowiec. "Towards Climate Management of District Heating Enterprises’ Innovative Resources." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217841.

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Tracking the trend of restricted access to natural fossil energy resources determines the need to search for alternative energy sources, introducing energy-efficient technologies, and optimizing the energy supply system based on intelligent networks. Understanding district heating enterprises’ readiness to work with innovative renewable resources based on climate neutrality plays a unique role. Thus, this article is devoted to the study of the features of providing and determining the district heating enterprises’ capacity to integrate climate management of innovative resources to produce green thermal energy. The research methodology is based on a combination of systemic, process and cybernetic approaches to determining the resource sustainability of district heating enterprises for implementing climate innovations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive assessment of the ability of district heating enterprises to use renewable resources (biomass, waste, hydropower, solar energy, wind energy) for the production of thermal energy according to such indicators as: an indicator of balanced resource use, an indicator of climate neutrality and an indicator of economic feasibility. The results became the basis to apply the set-theoretical approach to calculate the district heating enterprises’ coefficient of resource sustainability, based on the climate management of innovative resources to produce green thermal energy. The innovation of the fuzzy sets method lies in achieving the set goal without the deep formation of a data dynamics series, particularly interval models. The added scientific value of the method to determine the resource sustainability of district heating enterprises is used to justify the feasibility of integrating climate management with the use of innovative resources through the diversification of renewable energy sources for thermal energy production. The prospects for such results are the basis for future research to develop intersectoral clustering enterprises in the green energy production chain based on a closed cycle of renewable energy resources.

27

Pupeikis, Darius, Arūnas Burlingis, and Vytautas Stankevičius. "REQUIRED ADDITIONAL HEATING POWER OF BUILDING DURING INTERMITTED HEATING." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.13.

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By introduction of intermittent heating of building we can reduce the thermal energy consumption for heating. But it requires the additional power of heating system. It is determined that the most effective solution for energy savings is to enlarge the heating power approximately by 50% for most of buildings. The simulation has showed that for buildings with a medium thermal inertia (time constant τ = 144 h) the expenses by employing the intermittent heating (reduced temperature period: 12 h on working days and 48 h at weekends), pays back after one year. By designing the heating system we must pay attention to thermal inertia of building. Our research showed that for various thermal inertias of building, the adequate modes of intermittent heating must be chosen. Santrauka Šildant pastata, esant papildomai šiluminei galiai, galima sumažinti sunaudojamos šilumines energijos. Nustatyta, kad papildomos šilumines galios (+50 %) sanaudos, siekiant pagreitinti temperatūros padidinima vidutinio masyvumo (τ = 144 h) pastatu patalpose ir taikant protarpini šildyma (12 h darbo dienomis ir 48 h savaitgaliais), atsiperka po vieneriu metu. Projektuojant reikia atsižvelgti i pastato paskirti, masyvuma ir šildymo sistemos galia, siekiant sutaupyti šilumines energijos bei gauti ekonomine nauda, taikant protarpini šildyma. Tyrimai parode, kad ivairaus masyvumo pastatams turi būti taikomi atitinkami protarpinio šildymo periodai.

28

Meng, Shuai, Lizhuang Dou, and Mingfei Mu. "Design of thermal management system for lithium battery at low temperature." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 03036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224703036.

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The battery capacity of lithium battery will decay at low temperature, and the battery performance will seriously decline at extremely low temperature, and the electrolyte will also freeze. Therefore, lithium batteries need to be preheated at low temperature. This paper selects 22 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as the research object. The preheating scheme of PTC aluminum plate heating plate for lithium battery was designed by thermal parameter calculation and simulation method. The preheating scheme was optimized by changing the number (2, 3 and 4 pieces) and size (120%, 80% and 60% lithium battery size) of PTC heating plate. The results show that when heating 6 pieces of 22 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery, the preheating effect of 3 pieces of PTC heating plate close to the size of lithium battery is the best.

29

Zhang, Fengqin. "An Individual Household-Based Heating Metering and Charging Management System for Central Heating in Community Residential Buildings." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390312.

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The optimization of heating metering method in the heating season has very important and practical value for energy saving and emission reduction, however, existing studies haven’t comprehensively analyzed the heating metering and charging management systems adopted by residential buildings with adjustable heat supply, and the problem of fair heat sharing hasn’t been well solved yet. To fill in this research gap, this paper designed an individual household-based heating metering and charging management system. At first, the paper gave the structure of the system and introduced the system functions, then, it analyzed the hydraulic characteristics of the heating system and the influence on the heat dissipation volume of the radiator, and constructed the heating metering and heat distribution model. At last, the paper proposed a scheme for heating metering and heat sharing in cases of normal operation and on-off heating adjustment of individual household radiator, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified via experimental results.

30

Elezaj, Shaqir. "ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT WINTER THERMAL DESCRIPTION OF RESIDENTIAL ROOMS." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (December 10, 2018): 2505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072505s.

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In the cold period of the year, the fences protect the living space from outside temperatures and wind, and the heating system allows the maintenance of a certain temperature. The stability of the temperate regime of housing or work space is in correlation with the existence of cold surfaces of outside fences and heating surfaces of the heating system. Cold and hot surfaces bind convective air currents and appear as sources of "positive” and “negative" radiation fluctuations, which are all the more intense - if there are major temperature differences. The outside air temperature is constantly changing. As a consequence, the temperature of the walls of the living or working space changes. The highest temperature differences occur in the peaks of rough winters. If the outside fences and the heating system allow the comfort conditions to be met within the living and working space, especially in the case of raw winters, it is possible to fill the required comfort throughout the winter. Infiltration of cold masses of the air, heat loss by radiation, or vice versa, in proportion to the increase in heat allocation, in people living inside the living or working space, create an unfavorable feeling of cold or increased heat. Such shades not only cause the feeling of a confrontation of life or work, but can also lead to various illnesses.

31

Wang, Xingxing, Shengren Liu, Yujie Zhang, Shuaishuai Lv, Hongjun Ni, Yelin Deng, and Yinnan Yuan. "A Review of the Power Battery Thermal Management System with Different Cooling, Heating and Coupling System." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15061963.

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The battery thermal management system is a key skill that has been widely used in power battery cooling and preheating. It can ensure that the power battery operates safely and stably at a suitable temperature. In this article, we summarize mainly summarizes the current situation for the research on the thermal management system of power battery, comprehensively compares and analyzes four kinds of cooling systems including air cooling, liquid cooling, phase-change materials and heat pipe, two types of heating systems including internal heating and external heating, and the corresponding characteristics of the coupled system in no less than two ways. It is found that liquid cooling system and its heating system, phase-change material cooling system and it is heating system, heat pipe cooling system, coupling cooling system and its heating system have great research prospects, it also provides a certain reference for future research directions.

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Oudijk, Gil. "Age Dating Heating-Oil Releases, Part 1. Heating-Oil Composition and Subsurface Weathering." Environmental Forensics 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2009): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275920902873384.

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Xiong, Shengtao, Zhenxing Liu, Qunqiao Li, Yuan Chen, Xiaoyan Cai, Na Hu, and Qiuyue Yu. "Simulation and operation control strategy of ground source thermal energy management system by cold and heat auxiliary technology." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191110106x.

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To explore the performance of the ground source thermal energy management system under the cold and heat sources, based on the cold and heat auxiliary technology, a ground source thermal energy composite management system is constructed and simulated. The constructed ground source heat pump-refrigeration unit-hybrid heating management system of urban heating networks, as well as the simple system, are analyzed and investigated in terms of power consumption and underground temperature control. The research results show that the constructed ground source heat pump-refrigeration unit-hybrid heating management system of the urban heating network has lower power and energy consumption than a simple system during the same period, which meets the economic requirements and guarantees the system with relatively low energy consumption. For underground temperature control, the constructed system is more stable than a simple system without excessive temperature fluctuations. The operation control strategy of the constructed system is mainly for chiller units, heat pump units, cooling towers, source side, and side circulation water pump modules. In summary, the constructed ground source heat pump-refrigeration unit-hybrid heating management system of an urban heating network based on the ground source heat pump meets the requirements for energy consumption and temperature control and can operate the control strategy normally. The results are significant for subsequent researches on the ground source thermal energy management system based on cold and heat auxiliary technology.

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Sasiwimonrit, Krerkkiat, and Wei-Chin Chang. "Thermal management of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by using flattened heat pipes." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190324135s.

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High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) is a clean energy conversion device that generates electricity directly from the electrochemical reaction. Since the working temperature is about 160 ?C, the heating and cooling mechanisms are critical factors to maintain the optimal working condition and prevent the cell from degradation. Simulation models of HT-PEMFC were built for investigating the temperature distribution on the working area of fuel cells and temperature gradient across the stack. The ordinary method of heating by using heating pads and cooling by applying forced convection air was compared with the heat pipe heating and cooling technique. The results showed that heat pipe provided a more uniform temperature distribution and current density across the fuel cells stack. The temperature gradient of 0.214?C/cell during heating and 0.054?C/cell during cooling processes were observed. Meanwhile, only 0.44 mA cm-2/cell of current density gradient was found.

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Momot, Tetiana, Irina Sincheskul, Kseniia Savenko, and Karina Bukrieieva. "BALANCED MANAGEMENT OF STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HEATING SPHERE." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 4 (10) (December 23, 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/2522-9818.2019.10.101.

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Panferov, V. I. "About Economic Management of Heating Metal in Industrial Furnaces." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 18, no. 2 (2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr180207.

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Кlimovitsky, M. D. "OPTIMAL METAL HEATING MANAGEMENT IN COMPLEX “FURNANCE-ROLLING-MILL”." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 57, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2014-1-56-58.

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Reay, D. A. "Heating and cooling: energy efficiency by 'local' environmental management." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/2.1.20.

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Pini Prato, Alessandro, Fabrizio Strobino, Marco Broccardo, and Luigi Parodi Giusino. "Integrated management of cogeneration plants and district heating networks." Applied Energy 97 (September 2012): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.038.

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Biswas, Nirmalendu, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra, and Nirmal K. Manna. "Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 66 (August 2015): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018.

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Rosenow, Jan, Sam Thomas, Duncan Gibb, Ruben Baetens, Andries De Brouwer, and Jan Cornillie. "Clean heating: Reforming taxes and levies on heating fuels in Europe." Energy Policy 173 (February 2023): 113367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113367.

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Yuan, Wenan, and Daeun Choi. "UAV-Based Heating Requirement Determination for Frost Management in Apple Orchard." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020273.

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Frost is a natural disaster that can cause catastrophic damages in agriculture, while traditional temperature monitoring in orchards has disadvantages such as being imprecise and laborious, which can lead to inadequate or wasteful frost protection treatments. In this article, we presented a heating requirement assessment methodology for frost protection in an apple orchard utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based thermal and RGB cameras. A thermal image stitching algorithm using the BRISK feature was developed for creating georeferenced orchard temperature maps, which attained a sub-centimeter map resolution and a stitching speed of 100 thermal images within 30 s. YOLOv4 classifiers for six apple flower bud growth stages in various network sizes were trained based on 5040 RGB images, and the best model achieved a 71.57% mAP for a test dataset consisted of 360 images. A flower bud mapping algorithm was developed to map classifier detection results into dense growth stage maps utilizing RGB image geoinformation. Heating requirement maps were created using artificial flower bud critical temperatures to simulate orchard heating demands during frost events. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed orchard heating requirement determination methodology, which has the potential to be a critical component of an autonomous, precise frost management system in future studies.

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Evseev, Evgeny, and Tatiana Kisel. "Management in the heat-supplying organizations on the basis of balance models." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001112.

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Development of the heating systems, which are the part of engineering infrastructure of the cities and which are necessary for providing comfortable conditions for the cities' activity, is governed by the municipal authorities. Nowadays some requirements, connected with the need of increase in power efficiency are imposed in relation to the heating systems. The actions, aimed on the increase in the efficiency of heating systems, are usually connected with carrying out capital repair and updating of heating systems and the heat-generating equipment. That demands considerable financial resources and that in turn means the need of involvement of an investor. However at the moment investments into the heat-supplying enterprises are not attractive for the investor because of the lack of financial transparency and the mechanism of return of investments. In the article the authors offer the application of the balance method for formation of financial balance of the heat-supplying enterprise, The method will allow to consider the attraction of resources from three different sources and all the directions of expenditure of resources, including the mechanism of rationing of profit of the heat supplier. That guarantees the existence of the transparent mechanism of investments return.

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Abdulkhaev, Zokhidjon, Shairakhon Abdujalilova, Mavlonbek Usmonov, Khasanboy Askarov, and Raxnamoxon Nazirova. "Determination of the useful working coefficient (UWC) of the heating system." BIO Web of Conferences 84 (2024): 05040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248405040.

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Improving the efficiency of the heating system of premises depends on the correct choice of heating system joists, their use. In the heating system, the consumption of the heat transmitter, the speed of the flow, the heat capacity, the heat transfer of the heating surfaces, the fuel and energy consumption affect the efficiency of the system. It is necessary to know the rules for the use of heating system equipment by the heat consumer and correctly organize the management of the system. We determine the useful working coefficient of the heating system using the educational stand “Building heating system”.

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Verstina, Natalia, and Evgeny Evseev. "Management of the sustainable development of heating systems construction during changes of the conditions of the assessment." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825105026.

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Scientific-and-practical aspects of regulating the matters of the assessment of sustainable development, are considered in the article. The tendencies of the heating systems development construction are systematized. The authors offer the methodical approach to the formation of information for the definition of indicators of sustainable development of heating systems construction in the built-up territories, taking into account the interrelation of the heating systems life cycle stages.

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Baker, Peter. "Active flowline-heating technologies as alternative flow-assurance management techniques." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13096.

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Most of the easy subsea oil and gas reserves have been discovered and are being developed. In the search for future reserves, subsea oil and gas developments are moving into deeper and colder water, often with longer tiebacks. Conventional techniques using chemicals may prove unviable to deliver technically and economically into these environments due to the volumes required and the supply-chain logistics involved. Other techniques such as depressurisation can be difficult to operate successfully for long flowlines in colder environments. This has driven the need for a new generation of economical, efficient, and easier-to-operate flow-assurance management techniques. To address these more challenging environments, a number of alternative flow-assurance management techniques have been developed and are now available to operators. One of these is known generically as Active Flowline Heating (AFH). Rather than using passive insulation, AFH technologies maintain production by heating the flowline wall and transferring the heat to the contents to keep them above hydrate or wax formation temperatures. This extended abstract looks at the status of a number of AFH technologies: Open or wet direct electrical heating (open DEH) Closed or dry direct electrical heating (closed DEH) Electrically trace heated pipe in pipe (ETH PIP) Integrated production bundles (IPBs) Rigid pipe bundles In the right circumstances, these technologies can provide economical, easy-to-operate, and reliable alternative flow-assurance management techniques. This presentation also addresses potential applications for these technologies in subsea oil and gas developments of the future.

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Hietaharju, Petri, Mika Ruusunen, and Kauko Leiviskä. "Enabling Demand Side Management: Heat Demand Forecasting at City Level." Materials 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12020202.

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Implementation of new energy efficiency measures for the heating and building sectors is of utmost importance. Demand side management offers means to involve individual buildings in the optimization of the heat demand at city level to improve energy efficiency. In this work, two models were applied to forecast the heat demand from individual buildings up to a city-wide area. District heating data at the city level from more than 4000 different buildings was utilized in the validation of the forecast models. Forecast simulations with the applied models and measured data showed that, during the heating season, the relative error of the city level heat demand forecast for 48 h was 4% on average. In individual buildings, the accuracy of the models varied based on the building type and heat demand pattern. The forecasting accuracy, the limited amount of measurement information and the short time required for model calibration enable the models to be applied to the whole building stock. This should enable demand side management and lead to the predictive optimization of heat demand at city level, leading to increased energy efficiency.

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Feng, Tong, Huibin Du, D'Maris Coffman, Aiyu Qu, and Zhanfeng Dong. "Clean heating and heating poverty: A perspective based on cost-benefit analysis." Energy Policy 152 (May 2021): 112205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112205.

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Li, Mengye. "Big data information collection of IoT for heat storage heating control system." Thermal Science 28, no. 2 Part B (2024): 1303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2402303l.

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In order to understand the application of iot Big data information acquisition for heating control systems, a research on iot Big data information acquisition for thermal storage heating control systems is proposed. This paper first analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional heating system, the heating data is scattered and difficult to collect. The IoT technology is applied to the heating platform through data acquisition, data visualization, data mining, data management and other aspects. Secondly, the application of the IoT in heating system data acquisition is studied, including the types of heating data collected, data acquisition process, data acquisition standards, etc. Finally, this paper takes the energy-saving transformation of 26 boilers in a heating enterprise as an example. The research results show that the boiler efficiency obtained in real time by using the online monitoring system of this project is 95.36%, and the reverse balance boiler efficiency in the paper report of the special inspection office is 94.88%, with a deviation of 1.48%. The application of the IoT technology can obtain the boiler indicators in real time and effectively, and can realize the comprehensive analysis of the monitoring data, and realize the evaluation of the energy efficiency operation state of the gas boiler and the fault diagnosis and early warning. The IoT technology is an effective means of fine energy-saving management in heating enterprises.

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Roszkowska-Hołysz, Dorota. "The Accounts Receivable Management in Commercial Enterprises of the Installation and Heating Industry." Management 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0063.

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Summary The Accounts Receivable Management in Commercial Enterprises of the Installation and Heating Industry The article presents the issues of managing current assets in trade enterprises on the market of sanitary and heating devices and installations. It is a capital intensive activity and the current assets being receivables are characterized by a high risk level. Distributors finance executing companies, which commonly use trade credit.