Дисертації з теми "Health risk assessment Victoria"
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Stuart, Rhonda Lee 1963. "Nosocomial tuberculous infection : assessing the risk among health care workers." Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9004.
Повний текст джерелаPeters, Jaime Louise. "Generalised synthesis methods in human health risk assessment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30474.
Повний текст джерелаAlcaraz, Cristina. "A community risk assessment of Huntington Park, California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588575.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the study was to conduct a community risk assessment of the city of Huntington Park, California by utilizing the Communities That Care model to identify the most concerning risk factors for delinquency and school dropout. Forty-seven indicators measuring 18 risk factors were gathered from public sources. Data from Huntington Park was compared to data from Los Angeles County and California. The risk factors of main concern for the community appeared to be transition and mobility, low neighborhood attachment and community disorganization, extreme economic deprivation, family management problems, academic failure beginning in elementary school, early and persistent antisocial behavior, friends who engage in the problem behavior and early initiation of the problem behavior. Efforts to reduce involvement in delinquency and school dropout should target the community, school and peer and individual domains. Suggestions for evidence-based programs and approaches to reduce the most salient risk factors are provided.
Bruce, Erica Dawn. "Modeling toxic endpoints for improving human health risk assessment." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1277.
Повний текст джерелаKentel, Elçin. "Uncertainty Modeling Health Risk Assessment and Groundwater Resources Management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11584.
Повний текст джерелаAlbering, Harmina Jannette. "Environmental health risk assessment evaluation of some default assumptions /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8395.
Повний текст джерелаKroner, Oliver. "The Alliance for Risk Assessment Dose-Response Framework: Practical Guidance for Risk Practitioners." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1314053236.
Повний текст джерелаNgan, Wai-tak Eden. "Health risk assessment of toxic air pollutants in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18733979.
Повний текст джерелаShaw, Brenda Jo. "Evaluation of risks to human health in Hong Kong from consumption of chemically contaminated seafood : a risk assessment approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723657.
Повний текст джерелаSlaney, Graham. "Wrist guards as a public health intervention to reduce the risk of wrist fracture in snowboarders." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0041.
Повний текст джерелаÖberg, Mattias U. L. "Health risk assessment of dioxin-like compounds in complex samples /." Stockholm : Karolinska inst, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-692-8.
Повний текст джерелаNgan, Wai-tak Eden, and 顔偉得. "Health risk assessment of toxic air pollutants in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253854.
Повний текст джерелаTomlinson, Charlie John. "Incorporation of urban heat in risk assessment : a health perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3856/.
Повний текст джерелаBanugaria, Umang. "HealthyLifeiPad: Health Risk Assessment System for iPads." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1402144669.
Повний текст джерелаAhmed, Abu. "Knowledge engineering for mental-health risk assessment and decision support." Thesis, Aston University, 2011. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/16431/.
Повний текст джерелаPokhrel, Lok R., and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2962.
Повний текст джерелаPokhrel, Lok R., Brajesh Dubey, and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2951.
Повний текст джерелаNewbury, Brian. "Integrated health, safety and environmental management systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/integrated-health-safety-and-environmental-management-systems(6a947bb5-bda0-4466-9cb6-f02ad514cb9a).html.
Повний текст джерелаTongesayi, Sunungurai. "Assessment of Risk Perception for Lyme Disease in New Jersey." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7088.
Повний текст джерелаTillberg, Anders. "A multidisciplinary risk assessment of dental restorative materials." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1860.
Повний текст джерелаOglesby, Lucy. "Measures of exposure in air pollution epidemiology and health risk assessment /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13744.
Повний текст джерелаTristan-Montero, Emma Esther. "Human health risk assessment for contaminated land in historical mining areas." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7343.
Повний текст джерелаArtac, Macide. "Evaluation of a National Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Programme (NHS Health Check)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24725.
Повний текст джерелаIrish, Leah A. "Development, Reliability and Validity of the Health Risk Behaviors Inventory: A Self-Report Measure of 7 Current Health Risk Behaviors." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302034344.
Повний текст джерелаForonda, Natalia, and n/a. "Health risk assessment and health risk management with special reference to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) for Possum control in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080131.145423.
Повний текст джерелаCovey, Judith. "Judgemental processes in illness cognition : investigating age differences in health-related judgement." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283037.
Повний текст джерелаBurge, Julie Patricia. "A critical review of languages of risk, with implications for public health /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmb954.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHenri, Christopher. "Risk managment of complex aquifers contaminated by chemical mixtures : numerical tools and human health risk assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316393.
Повний текст джерелаEl impacto humano sobre los recursos hídricos que forman los acuíferos es actualmente una de las grandes preocupaciones sociales en crecimiento debido a la presencia antrópica cada vez mayor de productos químicos tóxicos liberados en el subsuelo. El análisis de riesgo proporciona la herramienta científica necesaria para cuantificar el peligro real que estos contaminantes suponen para la salud humana. En concreto, el análisis de riesgo permite tomar decisiones que respondan a las siguientes preguntas: Qué puede pasar?. Qué tan probable es que suceda? Cuál pueden ser las consecuencias?. El análisis de riesgo es una herramienta clave en este sentido. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos de modelación necesarios para llevar a cabo el análisis de riesgo se enfrentan con varios problemas. Entre ellos, algunos productos tóxicos de degradación pueden constituir nuevos compuestos químicos nocivos no necesariamente menos tóxico que su producto padre. Por lo tanto, los contaminantes originales y sus productos hijos son susceptibles de coexistir en los acuíferos formando una mezcla de compuestos químicos de diferente toxicidad. Esto hace que la cuantificación e interpretación del riesgo para la salud humana sea una tarea no trivial y desafiante. Por otra parte, la falta de informaci´on en las propiedades hidráulicas y bioquímicos hace que las predicciones sobre el comportamiento de dichos contaminantes en el subsuelo sean altamente inciertas. El análisis de riesgo estocástico incorpora de forma natural la incertidumbre hidrogeológica que existe en las predicciones de riesgo para la salud humana. De esta manera, estos modelos pueden ser utilizados para determinar la probabilidad de que el riesgo supere un valor umbral o el valor esperado del riesgo y su incertidumbre. Desafortunadamente, estos enfoques son muy exigentes en tiempo de cálculo. Además de estas dos problemáticas, también se tiene que tener en cuenta que la composición mineralógica de un suelo real es diversa y variable en el espacio. Muchas veces esto implica la transferencia de masa entre zonas de contaminantes móviles e inmóviles. Esto último exige modelos sofisticados de transporte que, por ejemplo, conceptualicen el medio poroso como un sistema multi-porosidad. Finalmente, la complejidad que existe en el comportamiento del foco de contaminación hace complicado un análisis de riesgo. Los líquidos tóxicos densos y no acuosos ilustran perfectamente esta complejidad. Una vez en el subsuelo, estos líquidos liberación lentamente los contaminantes dentro del acuífero de acuerdo con una tasa de agotamiento que depende fuertemente de la arquitectura errática del foco de contaminación. Los modelos de transporte reactivo eulerianos tienen problemas numéricos cuando se simulan fuertes heterogeneidades hidro-bioquímicos en el terreno al mismo tiempo que reacciones químicas complejas en sistemas multi-porosidad. En este contexto, los métodos de trayectorias de partículas constituyen una alternativa viable. Sin embargo, estos métodos pueden tener en cuenta un rango pequeño de reacciones químicas. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis propone una solución a estos problemas mediante un método de trayectoria de partículas. El método es eficiente y capaz de simular cadenas y redes de degradación en sistemas heterogéneos con porosidad múltiples. El método se basa en el desarrollo de probabilidades de transición que describen las probabilidades de que las partículas que pertenecen a un estado determinado (producto químico y región móvil / inmóvil) en un momento dado se transformará en otro estado en un momento posterior. El método se utiliza para caracterizar el riesgo para la salud humana que representan las mezclas de degradación en medios porosos altamente heterogéneos derivados de focos de contaminación complejos. En particular, se investiga la interacción entre la heterogeneidad, la conectividad, el modo de inyección de los contaminantes y su toxicidad química con respecto a la caracterización probabilística del riesgo para la salud humana. Los resultados indican las condiciones mediante las cuales las vías de flujo preferencial pueden favorecer la reducción del riesgo para la salud humana. La dependencia de la conectividad con el riego se demuestra que no es nada trivial cuando se trata de mezclas de compuestos químicos. Esta no trivialidad es el resultado de la interacción entre la heterogeneidad del acuífero y la toxicidad de los compuestos químicos. Para cuantificar el efecto conjunto de la conectividad y la toxicidad en el riesgo para la salud, se propone un número de Damköhler nuevo que tiene en cuenta la toxicidad. Además, el riesgo también se caracteriza en términos estadísticos mediante momentos de bajo orden y funciones de densidad de probabilidad. Los resultados también muestran que tanto la capacidad de degradación de zonas inmóviles como los modelos existentes de agotamiento del foco pueden desempeñar un papel muy significativo en el análisis espacio-temporal del riesgo. Este trabajo también muestra que la eficiencia del foco de contaminación para concentrar el flujo puede tener un efecto beneficioso sobre el riesgo. El riesgo total de hecho tiende a disminuir para eficiencias grandes debido a la disminución consecuente en tiempos de viaje cerca del foco de contaminación, limitando la producción de productos de degradación más tóxicos.
Nigatu, Biruk Nigatu. "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Assessment and Lifestyle Adjustments in African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3232.
Повний текст джерелаSwaen, Gerard Marius Henricus. "Epidemiological cancer mortality studies in occupational health examples, methods and risk assessment /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5478.
Повний текст джерелаKendir, Ece. "Health Risk Assessment For The Land Application Of Biosolids In Ankara, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615529/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRasheed, Hifza. "Improved integrated risk assessment of geogenic arsenic : exposure and attributable health risks." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20044/.
Повний текст джерелаElom, Nwabueze. "Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from environmental matrices." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/15594/.
Повний текст джерелаBennett, Jennifer L. "Youth Risk Behaviors and an Assessment of ASK US in Metro Atlanta High Schools." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/27.
Повний текст джерела蕭雅萍. "Health Risk Assessment of an Organochlorine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54279207578980051874.
Повний текст джерела臺北市立教育大學
環境教育與資源研究所環境資源組
95
The risk of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) resulting pollution in the neighborhood of contaminated sites is high and the pollution is difficult to be remediation. Therefore, how to use limited resource for site remediation and achieve the balance between environmental protection and economical development are very important. Thus, the chlorinated VOCs pollution is an important issue that needs to be thoroughly discussed. It also reveals the importance of the application of health risk assessment in its pollution remediation. In this research, a chlorinated VOCs polluting site was assessed by using the “Health Risk Assessment Analogous System (HRAAS)” developed by Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) to evaluate the human health risk and calculate the life-time excess cancer rate(CR) and the hazard index(HI) in the neighborhood. Base on the monitoring data which were proceeded by the study site, the different assessment levels of simulation analysis inside and outside the site show that both carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk have similar trend. The carcinogenic risk value is between 10-1~10-2 and the non-carcinogenic risk value is between 10~104 in the selected site. The outside the polluted site, carcinogenic risk value is between 10-2~10-4 and the non-carcinogenic risk value is between 1~10. The results above show that the carcinogenic risk value is over 10-6 and the non-carcinogenic risk value is above 1 for both inside and outside of the study site. In the uncertainty analysis, the total health risk obtained from various exposure pathways should be over estimated. The inhalation exposure resulted from the usage of in-site polluted groundwater is the main one. Out of the pollution site, drinking is the main exposure factor. Thus, both pathways should be noticed in the following evaluation and analysis. Skin contact only accounts for 2% of the total risk value but still surpasses the first and second level of the carcinogenic risk. Further study should be done in the evaluation of its pathway or barrier. In the sensitivity analysis of parameters, the exposure period (ED), exposure frequency (EF) and taking shower times (EVshower) have positive correlation with risk calculation. But the average time (AT) of exposure and body weight (BW) have negative correlation with it. Therefore, these parameters would need further investigations.
de, Jager Nicolene. "Health risk assessment in the occupational health nurse’s practice." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5234.
Повний текст джерелаOccupational health nurses are qualified registered nurses with a post-graduate qualification in occupational health nursing as a specialised discipline, and provide the basic healthcare aspect of the occupational health programme. Their most important activity is to identify and assess the health hazard risks in the workplace. Health risk assessments are conducted by occupational health nurses to determine all the stresses, e.g. hazardous chemicals, vibration, insufficient lighting, noise exposure and thermal exposure, which may affect employees‟ health and working efficiency. The researcher conducted audits and, over a period of time, observed that 85% (n=23) of occupational health nurses in different settings conduct health risk assessments only to a certain extent. The following questions were raised: To what extent do occupational health nurses conduct health risk assessments? What are the possible reasons for them conducting the health risk assessments only to a certain extent, or not at all? What can be done to improve this? The purpose of this study was thus to explore and describe the extent to which occupational health nurses conduct health risk assessments; and the possible reasons for not conducting them or conducting them only to a certain extent. Guidelines were developed to assist occupational health nurses in conducting health risk assessments. A quantitative, descriptive design was used in this study. A sampling frame was developed from a list of all the members of the South African Society of Occupational Health Nursing Practitioners (SASOHN) in Gauteng. From the target population of occupational health nurses in Gauteng, a systematic cluster sampling method was used. A developed questionnaire was distributed by mail and e-mails, and reminders were sent by the researcher to the respondents (Burns & Grove, 2006). The researcher ensured validity and reliability throughout the study by means of theoretical review, content securing and statistical assistance (Burns & Grove, 2006). Ethical standards of the right to self-determination, right to privacy, right to confidentiality and autonomy, right to fair treatment and right to protection from discomfort and harm were adhered to. The findings revealed that the occupational health nurse is a mature, predominately female experienced practitioner who operates on behalf of a disproportionably large number of employees. Four factors influencing these nurses in conducting a health risk assessment to a certain extent were identified: competence, ignorance about the role of the occupational health nurse, workload and attitude. The researcher formulated guidelines to assist practising occupational health nurses to conduct health risk assessments.
Wu, Ya-Ting, and 吳亞庭. "Health Risk Assessment in Gasoline Contaminated Site." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71825449206243115230.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄師範大學
環境教育研究所
101
Many gas stations were established since the government permited the private sector to own gas stations. For instance, there are about 265 stations in Kaohsiung. Each has four underground storage tanks. The total number of underground storage tanks is over 1100. With so many reservoirs, the ensuing problems, such as contamination and the nearby inhabitants’ health problems need to be further discussed. The objective of this study is to assess the health risk posed to adults and children who exposed to contaminated soil and groundwater, and to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk caused by the chemicals of concerns. As for carcinogenic risk, the results indicate that the simulated risk of both adults and children are higher than 10-6, the acceptable level for ordinary people. Inhalation poses the highest risk followed by oral exposure, and dermal exposure poses the lowest risk. The carcinogenic risk through inhalation for children is ten times higher than that for adults. Inhalation contributed 95.74% of the total carcinogenic risks to adults. To children, inhalation also poses 95.10% of the total carcinogenic risk. The total carcinogenic risk posed by benzene is much higher than ethylbenzene and methyl tert-butyl ether. The carcinogenic risk of children exposed to benzene is five times higher than adults. As for non-carcinogenic risk, the result of this study indicates that inhalation exposure poses higher risk than oral and dermal exposure to adults and children. The results of this study also suggest that benzene poses the highest non-carcinogenic risk through oral exposure, benzene is through inhalation, and toluene is through dermal exposure to adults. To children, benzene poses the highest non-carcinogenic risk through oral exposure and inhalation; toluene is through dermal exposure. The results of this study indicate that both adults and children exposing carcinogenic risk are caused by gasoline contaminated site. It concluded that the contamination concentration released from contaminated site results in the carcinogenic risk is higher than 10-6. The non-carcinogenic risk is higher than 1. Future evaluation related to regulation criteria will be necessary for the health risk aspect.
Shen, Shan-Rong, and 沈姍蓉. "Health Risk Act Assessment in Working Places." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12694067083394670771.
Повний текст джерела中山醫學大學
職業安全衛生學系碩士班
104
1.The Impact of Occupational Safety and Health Act Amendment to the Chemical Management and Supervision. To assess the impact and preparation of Occupational Safety and Health Act before the revision and implementation may have caused this study to collect and analyze the leading practices relevant in other countries of national chemicals management mechanism, and consider our country to be implemented laws and regulations to show our country integration into international in the implementation of chemicals management control mechanism. Order to understand Occupational Safety Act revised, on the impact of industry and prosecutorial institutions, structured questionnaire designed for government prosecutors and industrial investigations, the results obtained to quantify that at all levels of difficulty, showed that in response to the Occupational Safety and Law Enforcement, Industry and check in urgent need of mentoring programs as follows (1) industry agency inspectors are in urgent need to be related to chemicals management guidelines for risk classification management, manufacturing or enter a new chemicals assessment report cognitive training; (2) regulatory chemicals and priority management chemical operations management products and licensing inspection, supervision of the standard procedure. (3) Establishing the use of hazardous chemicals and training of login information, but also provide screening high-risk workplaces, supervision and inspection as priority of decision-making. In addition, the urgent need by the National Chemical Information Systems cloud, quick access to detailed information and institutions to use chemicals that can enhance the management capacity of the industry to implement management. Should be established professional counseling and supervision necessary checking mechanisms and uniform enforcement of the standards, recommendations, planning and implementation of industrial grade or group executive management; to share with the industry experience, it is recommended that future work planning inspectors and industrial implementation of education and training materials. 2.The Cause of Foot Pain of Long Standing Worker:Analysis and Improvement Recently year, industry still need a large amount of human resources, because of the characteristic of working space and factory building , workers have a tendency to suffer from myalgia, In addition, they may have difficulty perspiring and dissipating excess heat from body. Owing to workers spend most of time doing their job again and again and long standing, they may constantly feel exhausted or suffer from muscle fatigue. Although these problem won’t be life-threatening, it might lower their working performance and affect their quality of life. The purpose of this study is analysis why long-standing workers have foot-pain, in addition, we want to improve our analysis. At first we tried to analysis the workers’ pain resulted form long standing. In order to finish our test, we provided them with industry protective insoles and gave them Borges Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. At first they are required to finish this once a week and until the fourth week they are followed by once a month. All of these took about five months .We hope to compare the result before they wear industry protective insoles with the result after them using the industry protective insoles. After during 20 weeks’ observation, the results show that the test’s participant have improved a lot. The degree of pain resulting from long-standing increased with days.The data about pain of workers whether they wear industry protective insoles or not have a significant differences (p< 0.001). According to pressure plate data, low food had obviously difficulty in adoption no matter what kind of leg type after wearing insole, however, less pressure relieving of high arch foot after wearing insole were noted. These results can help long-standing workers maintain their posture more easily.What’s more, it can let us know the differences of the results before and after workers wear industry protective insoles. All of the records we get from this study can be used to analysis the effect of industry protective insoles on alleviating fatigue and pain, in addition, we can improve our material of industry protective insoles by using these data.
JUI-LIANG, YAO, and 姚瑞良. "Health Risk Assessment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89578727870072558267.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
環境工程研究所碩士在職專班
93
ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were aimed to assess the human health risk of worker and residents near the petroleum hydrocarbons released site in central Taiwan in accordance with ASTM E1739-95, Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Applied at Petroleum Release Site. Also, the major exposure pathways, analysis of sensitivity parameters and the risk of exposure regardless of correction were investigated in this study. Furthermore, values of the health risk were compared to the results from the Procedures for the Evaluation of Environmental Impact and Treatment Grading on the Definition of the Extent of Contaminants for Remediation Sites, announced by the Taiwan E.P.A. in 2003. According to the study, for residents living outside the site, consuming vegetable, fruits and groundwater, and taking bath with groundwater, the risk of getting cancer is up to 1.0E-4. Even after the benzene concentration in the soil and groundwater has been significantly reduced, consuming of vegetable, fruit and groundwater brought the residents a risk of getting cancer up to 1.0E-7. Therefore, it is not recommendable to consume vegetable, fruits and groundwater from the site or its neighbor land. Basement at organic contaminated site is one of the main pathways of exposure to the risk. The main risk for workers in the site is from inhalation of indoor air contaminated by pollutants volatilized from the soil and groundwater. The result of a sensitivity analysis indicated that the sensitivity parameter is gas exchange rate in closed space. Therefore, sufficient ventilation should be provided at basement to lower the risk. Residents and pupils living outside the site are exposed to a considerable risk provided they drink groundwater or use it for bath. Thought a sensitivity analysis, it was concluded that the positive sensitivity parameter is hydraulic gradient, and the main negative sensitivity parameter is organic carbon content in the soil at the pathway of exposure. Therefore, restricting contaminated groundwater in the site from flowing to the neighbor land can effectively lower the risk outside the site, hydraulic control or construction of underground continuous walls are ways to stop the flow of groundwater to the neighbor land. The result of an evaluation made with the Procedures for the Evaluation of Environmental Impact and Treatment Grading on the Definition of the Extent of Contaminants for Remediation Sites, announced by the Taiwan E.P.A. in 2003 showed that groundwater is the main contamination pathway, and the result of evaluation under ASTM 1739-95 also concluded that groundwater is a main contamination pathway. The results of these two evaluations are consistent. This is because the benzene concentration in the groundwater is much higher than that in the soil, and the main exposure pathways at the site are all related to the groundwater. Moreover, the physical and chemical properties of benzene, the hydrological and soil parameters of the site also contributed to the high score of groundwater in the evaluation. Thus, the groundwater is more important than the soil in the pathways of contamination. Keywords:health risk assessment, RBCA, cancer risk, sensitivity analysis , petroleum hydrocarbon
DAI, XI-QI, and 戴希祺. "Feasibility and Risk Assessment for Participating Health Insurance." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/946wxm.
Повний текст джерела逢甲大學
風險管理與保險學系
107
Due to the precedent of participating (par) health insurance in foreign markets nowadays, in order to integrate with international advanced countries and accelerate the development of innovative products in Taiwan, and to meet the needs of the current market, this paper mainly focuses on the feasibility of participating health insurance, and explore the potential of market development. Additionally, this study proposes risk assessment model for the feasibility evaluation. Under this model, some important factors or variables which may cause impact on the financial sustainability are considered: such as uncertainty in medical costs and longevity risks faced by insurance companies in designing participating health insurance. Finally, different policy design schemes and dividend mechanism are also proposed to reduce the previously mentioned risks. The feasibility of participating health insurance includes the following three parts: Firstly, reviewing the current insurance regulations which are related to participating health insurance. As stated in Article 140 of “Insurance Law in Taiwan”, there is no apparent limitation on the issue of health insurance with participating features. Most of the laws and regulations are principle-based and are not specific to participating in health insurance. Therefore, it is not necessary to propose new laws for participating health insurance but with minor extent of “life insurance” to “life and health insurance”. However, according to the Disclosure Principle, insurance companies are required to the disclose bonus declaration, with more complex formula or expression including morbidity factors for Participating Health Insurance. Secondly, Risk-Based Capital of Participating health insurance has no needs to be modified, since the current liability reserve for the risk capital system has already reflected the risk of future losses and exposure to risks, along with the future bonus declaration. Thirdly, empirical evidence in this study shows that, insurance companies have achieved well underwriting effects and are profitable in some health insurance contracts with reimbursement on outpatient or hospitalization and surgeries. Therefore, it is feasible for insurance companies to issue such participating health insurance for promotion and marketing consideration. As for the dividend mechanism, this study compares two main participating features: non-cash bonus and cash-bonus. Furthermore, the utility of the bonus reserve is also discussed in this study. All the researches as above could provide a reference for the risk of the insurance companys product design for par health insurance.
Sardo, Pedro Miguel Garcez. "Pressure ulcer (Risk) assessment: Clinical nursing research." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/104086.
Повний текст джерелаSardo, Pedro Miguel Garcez. "Pressure ulcer (Risk) assessment: Clinical nursing research." Tese, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/104086.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Chia-Chi, and 楊佳琦. "Health risk assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbon- contaminated soil." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3vmda5.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
102
Petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soil and groundwater is a world-wide environmental problem, which results in environmental hazard and human health risk problems. Because petroleum is a complex composition mixture rather than a single compound, health risk assessment for petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated site is a complicated process. In this study, the human health risks were assessed and calculated following the risk-based corrective action (RBCA) protocol for a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated site. This study was conducted on one of the TPH contaminated sites in the south of Taiwan where the health risk calculation, evaluation of the pollution concentrations and health risks on the pollution sites was carried out. Results show that the main on site human health risk was from the soil vapor inhalation, which resulted in 88.8% of the total carcinogenic risk, and the calculated hazard index was 7.11×10-2. The soil ingestion was also a major risk cause, which resulted in 10.1% of the total carcinogenic risk, and the calculated hazard index was 8.1×10-2. The total non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index) was 8.01×10-1, which was less than the acceptable level of 1. This indicates that the total risk caused by the TPH was within the acceptable range. The calculated total risk after 30 years of exposure was 4.40×10-1, which was also less than the acceptable level of 1, and thus, health risk due to the TPH spill can be ignored. Furthermore, the major causes of increased hazard index value include aliphatic components (C8-C10 and C10-C12) and aromatic components (C10-C12). Because TPH is not an acute toxic compound, the calculated health risk via the oil spill is not significant.
Liang, Yi-Li, and 梁以力. "Health risk assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbon- contaminated groundwater." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6j3e5k.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
101
non-sensory. A survey and severity of the pollution on a contaminated site cannot often be easily identified without carrying out investigations. In the SG pollution investigation, pollutions can often be found in farmlands, factories, gas stations and storage tanks. Gas stations and storage tanks, in particular, are commonly seen contaminated by oil products. The key components found in oils products inclusive of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), petrol additives- methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and TMB (1,2,4-trimethylbnezene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) pose health risks to human body. There is a certain degree of difficulty to assess the health risks that are exposed to the sites which are contaminated by TPH. The health risk assessment is based on the hypothesis of one single chemical element; therefore, when it is applied to TPH pollutions with multiple carbon compounds, it becomes more complicated. Besides, the analytic and technical threshold has to be overcome to separate the compound, TPH effectively. This study was conducted on one of the TPH contaminated sites in the south of Taiwan where the health risk calculation, evaluation of the pollution concentrations and health risks on the pollution sites was carried out. The result of evaluation revealed that on-site, non-cancerigenic risk value in adult and child receptors was the same, 1.44×10-4; whereas off-site, non-cancerigenic risk value in adult and child receptors fell in the acceptable range. The result disclosed that, under the circumstances of low pollution concentrations (if abiding by laws and regulations), there was no significant difference between adult and child risk value, both of which met the requirement of regulations in risk limiting values. However, the risk value represented profound variations in areas just 50 meters away, from which we learned that when vapors of the contaminated groundwater evaporated into atmosphere, the pollution concentration reduced by means of atmospheric transmission. It then further lowered risks that receptors were exposed to. In addition, pollution concentration of the site in this study met the standards of soil and groundwater pollution control and the result of health risk calculation also conformed to the standards of risk limiting values. This indicated that the toxicity in the TPH-contained pollutants should be in the category of non-acute toxic compounds because the risk value did not exceed the legal limit in the existence of small volume (e.g. in the condition of extremely low pollution concentration).
Chio, Tien-Sung (David). "Risk assessment of technology-induced errors in health care." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7246.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate
0723
0680
0769
tschio2011@gmail.com
Chen, Yen-Chuan, and 陳彥全. "Quantification and Reduction of Uncertainty in Health Risk Assessment." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45282136838516966875.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
95
The decision as to whether a contaminated site poses a threat to human health and should be cleaned up relies increasingly upon the use of risk assessment models. However, the more sophisticated risk assessment models become, through inclusion of such concepts as stochasticity, multimedia transfer, and site-specificity, the greater the concern with the uncertainty in, and thus the credibility of, risk assessment. It has been demonstrated in the literature that model uncertainty may significantly affect the assessment result, but no research has provided the practical methods on how to analyze and decrease them. Therefore, how to eliminate unsuitable model or select right model in order to reduce model uncertainty is an important issue in the research. Based on the relationship between exposure pathways and estimated risk results, this study develops a screening procedure to compare the relative suitability between potential multimedia models, which would facilitate the reduction of uncertainty due to model selection. MEPAS, MMSOILS, and CalTOX models, combined with Monte Carlo simulation, are applied to a realistic groundwater-contaminated site to demonstrate the process. The results reveal that this procedure can decrease model uncertainty by eliminating unsuitable model. In particular, when there are several equally plausible models, decision makers are confused by model uncertainty and perplexed as to which model should be chosen for making decisions objectively. When the correctness of different models is not easily judged after objective analysis has been conducted, the cost incurred during the processes of risk assessment has to be considered in order to make an efficient decision. In order to support an efficient and objective remediation decision, this study develops a methodology to cost the least required reduction of uncertainty and to use the cost measure in the selection of candidate models. The focus is on identifying the efforts involved in reducing the input uncertainty to the point at which the uncertainty would not hinder the decision in each equally plausible model. First, this methodology combines a nested Monte Carlo simulation, rank correlation coefficients, and explicit decision criteria to identify key uncertain inputs that would influence the decision in order to reduce input uncertainty. This methodology then calculates the cost of required reduction of input uncertainty in each model by convergence ratio, which measures the needed convergence level of each key input’s spread. Finally, the most appropriate model can be selected based on the convergence ratio and cost. A case of a contaminated site is used to demonstrate the methodology. The outcome shows that this methodology can efficiently and objectively select the best model to support decision with considering the influence from uncertainty. Although the previous two model comparison methods have both proved that an objective model selection method could effectively reduce model uncertainty, different model selection method based on different consideration and criteria would cause different results that can be seen as the source of scenario uncertainty. Therefore, this study finally develops a framework of total uncertainty to not only quantify scenario uncertainty due to different model selection methods but also explicitly reveal the reduction of total uncertainty resulting from model selection.
Wu, Chia-Ying, and 吳佳穎. "Mycotoxins contamination and health risk assessment in organic foods." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40355881278961755328.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
環境醫學研究所
94
Organic foods are generally defined as pesticide-free agricultural products with no artificial treatment, and being taken in their fresh forms without cooking. People who claim to engage in macrobiotic diet tend to consume multi-grains, vegetables, fruits and nuts in their fresh, uncooked forms. Without application of pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, or hormones, organic produce is likely to be contaminated by environmental micorbes during the storage and transportation. Situating in a typical subtropical climate, Taiwan offers an optimal condition to facilitate active mold growth in many media. Mycotoxins, common bio-product of microbial contamination in organic foods, therefore become a major health concern for population adopting dietary pattern of mainly organic products in Taiwan. Previous studies have observed a significant presence of environmental microbes in Taiwan, and this investigation aimed to analyze, by HPLC-Flu, levels of Afatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) and Ochratoxin A in a total 90 food samples, including multi-grains, starchs , nuts, fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, beans and sprouts collected from northern, central, eastern and southern Taiwan. Questionnaires were distributed to people who regularly purchase the organic foods from the registered stores for the preliminary estimate of health risk associated with such a dietary habit. A total of 229 valid questionnaires of dietary habit were obtained from 4 city/counties across different parts of Taiwan. Results indicate that the major items in their purchase/consumption list were grain rice and fruits, especially brown rice and apple. Only 7% of all samples analyzed could be detected with presence of Aflatoxin B1, and a small 2% of samples were detected with mycotoxin level greater than the proposed standard. Afatoxins level as high as 5.7ppb has been found in sample from millets of southern Taiwan, a level greater than the proposed Euro standard of 4ppb, while another 13.14 ppb sample was found in black bean sample from eastern Taiwan, exceeding the China standard of 5ppb. Ochratoxin A has not been identified in any food items analyzed in this study. Risk assessment calculated for the Hepatitis B carriers and >20 year-old groups of organic-foods consumers that eat organic foods over 30 years have increased risk of cancer, and healthy population and <20 year-old group does not present any immediate risk based on the dietary patterns interviewed. Our study showed that Aflatoxins were mainly found in organic nuts and grains then organic vegetables. Preliminary findings from this investigation of limited samples emphasized that foods with claim of non-artificial process and additives are not necessarily free of other health concerns such as contamination by richly-available environmental microbes and their metabolic toxins like Afatoxins. Future certification on food items in the market may consider the examination of mycotoxins levels, in addition to the pesticides residues, to ensure the safety of “diet” for people in general.
Ling, Lai Yen, and 賴彥伶. "Health Risk Assessment on Incinerator-Emitted Dioxins in Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36415822694365849815.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
89
Objective: Assessing site-specific carcinogenic risks of incinerator-emitted dioxins and risk transfers among the areas covered by 9 municipal incinerators in Taiwan. Methods: We used actual emission data and the industrial source complex model (ISC3) to determine the dioxins impact areas within the 8x8 km simulation region grids surrounding the incinerators. We used geographic information system (GIS) to plot the simulated results. We then used modified TRI-multimedia model to estimate cancer risks in individual impact areas. We based on the surveyed agricultural production information to calculate risks for exposure scenarios of sufficient and insufficient foods production for consumption in each impact area. We also used information of food flows between impact areas to calculate risk transfers among 9 incinerators. Results: The carcinogenic risks of dioxins under the exposure scenarios of sufficient food production ranged from 1.43×10-8(Jia-yi incinerator) to 7.08×10-5(Nei-hu incinerator). The carcinogenic risks of dioxins under the exposure scenarios of insufficient food production ranged from 8.69×10-8 (Kaohsiung incinerator) to 1.07×10-6 (Tai-chun incinerator). The food ingestion was the main exposure pathway, which accounted for 64~88% of total dioxins intake among 9 impact areas. For the 9 major food items consumed by residents in the impact areas, eggs (14%~35%) and chicken (11%~26%) were two main routes of dioxins exposure in the sufficient food production scenario, while chicken (8%~78%) and vegetables (0.2%~81%) were two main routes of dioxins exposure in the insufficient food production scenario. Significant risks of dioxins were transferred among incinerators, which accounted for 0.2%~99% among the incinerators. Tai-chun incinerator was the major export source of risk to 6 other incinerators except the Nei-hu and Mu-cha incinerators. For these 6 incinerators, the Tai-chun incinerator accounted for their 51-88% imported risks. Conclusions: We should consider risk transfers among incinerators through routes of food consumption in assessing health risks associated with incinerator-emitted dioxins in Taiwan. We should also emphasize on analyzing dioxins contents in eggs, chicken, and vegetables in order to improve dioxins-related health risk assessments in the future.
Chang, Chun-Ming, and 張浚銘. "Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Biofuel Products." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87159443682471974659.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄師範大學
生物科技系
101
The dwindling fossil fuel sources and the creasing dependency on imported crude oil have led to a major interest in expanding the use of bioenergy in many countries. Furthermore, the addition advantage of biofuels is reduction in air pollutant and emission of greenhouse gas. Therefore, Taiwan is promoted the use of E3(gasoline with addition of 3% ethanol)and B2(diesel fuel with addition of 2% ethanol)in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Biofuel will alter the distribution of petroleum contaminants in soil and groundwater. Groundwater contamination by gasoline and other petroleum-derived hydrocarbons released from underground or above ground storage tanks is a serious and widespread environmental problem. The problem of petroleum contaminants will become complicated after biofuels widely utilized. The objective of this study is to assess health and ecological risk when biofuel spill occurs. The results of this study can be used as a reference for risk management. Conventional octane number 95 gasoline, ethanol-blended gasoline (i.e., E3, E10, E25 and E85) and biodiesel (i.e., B2, B5 and B20) were studied. The framework of human health risk assessment used in this study is adopted from “Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Human Health Evaluation Manual” from United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)in 1989. The assessment endpoint is the adverse health effects of human. In the ground water media, concentration of petroleum contaminants was estimated by the LevelⅢ Fugacity Model. US EPA human exposure assessment models have been used to evaluate the exposure dose via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact pathway, when human use groundwater. The risk characterization of human non-carcenogenic risk is estimated by hazard quotient(HQ)value. Carcinogenic risk was assessed by multiplying total exposure by the carcinogenic slope factor for each pathway. The framework of ecological risk assessment used in this study is adopted from “Guideline of Ecological Risk Assessment” from USEPA in 1998. The assessment endpoint is the mortality of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. In the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem, exposure dose and concentration of biota was estimated by the RAIDAR Model and LevelⅢ Fugacity Model. The risk characterization of biota is estimated by risk quotient(RQ)value. The result of human carcinogenic risk assessment was assessed, which was higher than the threshold value(10-6) that general people can withstand. This indicates potential cancer risks for the exposed population. The results show that human use contaminated water as drinking water will ingest benzene. It exposes the highest carcinogenic risk for E3 gasoline. The result of human non-carcinogenic risk assessment was assessed, which was lower than the accepted threshold value(1)that ordinary people can withstand. This indicates no potential health hazards for the exposed population. The result show that human use contaminated water as drinking water or dermal clean water will ingest MTBE or absorb aliphatics C8-C10 from derma, respectively. The highest non-carcinogenic risk was exposed by conventional research octane 95 gasoline. Human use contaminated groundwater as clean water will inhale naphthalene vapor or absorb aliphatics C16-C21 from derma, respectively. It is the highest non-carcinogenic risk for B20 diesel. The hazard of the E85 gasoline and B5 diesel is the lowest for human health. Since the biofuel will alter the distribution of petroleum contaminants in groundwater, more contaminates will be anticipated in the exposure pathway. Ecological risk assessment results indicate that the aquatic and terrestrial total ecological risk index is lower than the threshold value(1), this indicates no potential hazard for the exposed biota. By evaluating the results, it is clearly that m,p-xylene in gasoline pose the highest risk for terrestrial avian scavenger in contaminated food chain. In addition to, pyrene in biodiesel blended diesel pose the highest risk for terrestrial avian omnivore in the terrestrial ecosystem. The hazard of the E85 gasoline and B20 diesel is the lowest. Because E85 gasoline and B20 diesel contains less petroleum contaminants. Comprehensive ecological risk assessment results demonstrate that biofuels are the most serious impact for terrestrial organisms. The results conclude that differences in chemical properties and environment range lead to profound differences in the concentration of exposure and risk from emission to target biota. The implications of these results and draw attention to the insights gained about ecological risks and effective chemicals management associated with biofuels.
Lin, Yi-Lynn, and 林怡伶. "Health and Work Risk Assessment for Hospital Nursing Assistant." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00391224014487197368.
Повний текст джерела國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
98
In recent years, the capability of patient’s care by families has decreased because of the factors such as the aging of population and the economic development. Nursing assistants became the important supplemental manpower of the medical service system. The hospital Nursing assistants work in the hospital, but not be the hospital staff. It does ignore that Nursing assistants’ healthy and occupational safety. This study aims is assess mental health and risk factors among nursing assistants in Taiwan and also provide data for the authorities to assess occupational hygiene of nursing assistants. Female nursing assistants are participants and 271 workers are analyzed in 14 hospitals. The questionnaires include socio-demographic characteristic, work stress, subjective fatigue symptoms, mental health and sleep quality. Physiological measurements include heart rate, blood pressure, triceps skin fold and back muscle strength. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) concentration is also measured. The research was divided the nursing assistants’ age into three groups of the below 39 years old, 40~54years old and above 55years old, the number of the subjects were 38, 172 and 61 respecyively. Drinking coffee rate was23.6% and smoking rate was 2.6%. Muscle skeleton disease was 14%which is the highest prevalence of all disease. Next for the eye disease is 11.8%. Half of nursing assitants felt uncomfortable in the working environment. 19% nursing assistants endured patient's language violence. The results for physical fitness indicated that, for triceps skin fold, the young group, middle-age and old group were 18.96±9.48mm、20.28±9.58mm and 18.08±8.51mm, respectively. About grip strength test, the three groups respectively were17.11±6.70kg、17.48±5.04 kg and14.67±5.63kg in the left hand, and in the right hand were 18.82±7.24kg、17.79±5.38kg and 14.90±5.48kg. For back muscle strength, the young group, middle-age and old group respectively were38.98±25.83kg、39.18±19.79kg and 33.32±16.42kg. The grip strength of nursing assistants presented with the age increment and gradual descend of trend significantly. 93% nursing assistants care the patient who doesn’t walk independently. The average work year was 6.67±4.84 years, the average work day was 5.16±1.04 days/week, the average daily working hour was 12.35±6.88 hours, and the average holiday was 1.81±1.05 days/week. Regarding work-related stress, results showed that older nursing assistants are higher in the score of work control and society support aspect (better condition); young workers’ are higher in the score of mental state burden (worse condition). It’s likely that the elder people who have more experience and skill for the control power on work, get the boss and colleague supports more easily. Relatively, the young age is too young to have good performances, contribute to mental burden than others. The mental health analysis showed that the nursing assistants who had the sleep barrier or 4 hours/8hours shifts get higher CHQ-12 score which showed they didn’t have good health. About fatigue symptoms, the tiredness of eyes was the most, secondary was backache. Biochemistry fatigue measurements showed that, the urinary 17-OHCS/creatinine was 9.42±3.55 mg/g cr., significantly higher than other workers. The nursing assistants lacked training of the occupational hygiene. We suggested that government should arrange related training courses about occupational hygiene to protect their health, take care and benefit to this minority group seriously.