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1
Andeobu, Lynda, Santoso Wibowo, and Srimannarayana Grandhi. "Medical Waste from COVID-19 Pandemic—A Systematic Review of Management and Environmental Impacts in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global medical emergency. The unforeseen occurrence of a pandemic of this magnitude has resulted in overwhelming levels of medical waste and raises questions about management and disposal practices, and environmental impacts. The amount of medical waste generated from COVID-19 since the outbreak is estimated to be 2.6 million tons/day worldwide. In Australia, heaps of single-use gowns, facemasks/face shields, aprons, gloves, goggles, sanitizers, sharps, and syringes are disposed everyday as a result of the pandemic. Moreover, the establishment of new home/hotel quarantine facilities and isolation/quarantine centres in various Australian states and territories have increased the risks of transmission among people in these facilities and the likelihoods of general waste becoming contaminated with medical waste. This warrants the need to examine management and disposal practices implemented to reduce the transmission and spread of the virus. This study reviews the various management and disposal practices adopted in Australia for dealing with medical waste from the COVID-19 pandemic and their impacts on public health and the environment. To achieve the aims of this study, prior studies from 2019–2021 from various databases are collected and analysed. The study focuses on generation of medical waste from COVID-19, management and disposal methods, current problems/challenges and environmental and public health impacts. Considering the enormous risks involved and the significance of appropriate handling and disposal of medical waste from COVID-19, this study provides insights on short and long term responses towards managing COVID-19 waste in Australia. The study contributes to Australia’s efforts against the transmission and spread of COVID-19 and provides recommendations for the development of workable and sustainable strategies for mitigating similar pandemics in the future.
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Ghafoor, Soheila, Salman Shooshtarian, Tayyab Maqsood, and Peter SP Wong. "Assessment of Public Opposition to Construction and Demolition Waste Facilities: A Case Study in Australia." Recycling 7, no. 5 (August 26, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7050062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of public opposition (PO) to the siting of construction and demolition (C&D) waste management facilities in Australia. A qualitative case study of PO to the development proposal for the Gunnedah waste facility, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), was conducted. The waste facility is promised to process up to 250 kilotons of waste materials, much of which is C&D waste intended for use in road constructions after processing. Using a content analysis approach, the study analysed 86 public submissions that were lodged within the allocated development application exhibition period to systematically analyse the arguments used by the submitters about the establishment of the facility. The case study revealed five broad perceived risk classes to the siting of the Gunnedah waste facility, namely location, environmental, human health, financial and process risks. It was also shown that while not-in-my-back-yard (NIMBY) attitudes may have played a part in the PO to the sitting at the facility, the PO was heavily affected by the poor public participation process. The study outlines key strategies for an effective public participation process that may assist with the management of PO to the siting of C&D waste management facilities in Australia. The study contributes to the theory and practice of effective C&D waste management, enhancing the social acceptance of such facilities toward a more circular economy in the built environment.
3
Renkas, Artur, Vasyl Popovych, and Dmytro Rudenko. "Optimization of Fire Station Locations to Increase the Efficiency of Firefighting in Natural Ecosystems." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.1.25581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wild fires have a catastrophic impact on the environment and lead to people’s deaths. Such fires are relevant in the global context. Many countries declare some of their territories an ecological disaster zone during fires in natural ecosystems (USA, Portugal, Greece, Spain, Italy, Australia). Fires in ecosystems occurred in southern Ukraine in 2007 and in the eastern part of Ukraine in 2021, which destroyed large tracts of pine, as well as homes, buildings and caused human casualties. In the given research, much attention is paid to fire-prevention measures in natural ecosystems. It is proposed to optimize fire stations in the territory of Male Polissya (Ukraine), where frequent grass fires and grassland forest fires occur, since existing fire stations are not able to respond to all fires in the region in a timely manner due to the lack of forces and resources. Optimization of fire station locations was carried out using Voronoi diagrams. This research has a practical aspect, ensuring the protection of human health and life by preventing destructive fires in natural ecosystems through the creation of local safety facilities. On the example of 3 administrative districts of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine, it was established that in order to respond quickly to fires in ecosystems, it is necessary to create 20 additional fire stations, which has been determined by the 20-minute drive method approved by the state authorities. The algorithm proposed in this work can be applied to rural areas in other administrative units, both in Ukraine and other countries. The next step in the development of this technique is to determine the required amount of equipment and human resources for firefighting in ecosystems taking into account the projected dynamics of fires and the time required for the delivery of fire extinguishers to epicenters of these events.
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Derso, Sisay, Girum Taye, Theodros Getachew, Atkure Defar, Habtamu Teklie, Kassahun Amenu, Terefe Gelibo, and Abebe Bekele. "Biomedical waste disposal systems of health facilities in Ethiopia." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ehem.2018.05.
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Fleming, G. "Clayey barrier systems for waste disposal facilities." Environmental Pollution 91, no. 1 (1996): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(96)90012-3.
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Li, Haolin, Yi Hu, Junyan Lyu, Hao Quan, Xiang Xu, and Chenxi Li. "Transportation Risk Control of Waste Disposal in the Healthcare System with Two-Echelon Waste Collection Network." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5580083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates a vehicle routing problem arising in the waste collection of the healthcare system with the concern of transportation risk. Three types of facilities abstracted from the health system are investigated in this paper, namely, facilities with collection points, facilities without collection points, and small facilities. Two-echelon collection mode is applied in which the waste generated by small facilities is first collected by collection points, and then transferred to the recycling centre. To solve this problem, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming model considering time windows and vehicle capacity, and we use particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm for solving large-scale problems. Numerical experiments show the capability of the proposed algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of facilities with collection points and the collection routes. This research can provide a decision support tool for the routing of waste collection in the healthcare system.
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Silalahi, Novrika. "ANALISIS CHI-SQUARE HUBUNGAN SARANA SANITASI DASAR DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI PERUMAHAN PTPN V SEI SIASAM." Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpksy.v5i1.1087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research background basic sanitation facilities are directly related to health problems, especially environmental health problems. Basic sanitation facilities which includes healthy latrine facilities, clean water facilities, waste management facilities and waste water disposal facilities. The purpose of the research is to find out relationship between healthy latrine facilities and the incidence of diarrhea, to determine the relationship between clean water facilities with the incidence of diarrhea, to determine the relationship between facilities waste management with the incidence of diarrhea, to determine the relationship between waste water disposal. The research method in this study uses quantitative descriptive with cross sectional research design. population in This study is a housing PTPN V as many as 1880 families. sample taken using a systematic sampling technique, namely the sampling technique sample based on the order of toddlers who become the population that has been given the serial number of the sample is 45 families. statistical test using chi square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between healthy latrine facilities and incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.181), there is a relationship between clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea (p=0.510), there is a relationship between waste processing facilities and the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.039), there is a relationship between sewage drainage facilities and the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.746) is recommended to parents or mothers to increase its role in the provision of basic sanitation facilities, which include: healthy latrine facilities, clean water facilities, waste management facilities and waste water disposal (SPAL), to avoid disease.
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Amfo-Otu, Richard, Enoch Akyeampong, Michael Affordofe, Philip A. Bannor, Yakubu Alhassan, Doreen Danso, Senam Tengey, et al. "Health care waste management in health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Healthcare waste management (HCWM) system in healthcare facilities is essential in dealing with the spread of infectious diseases, especially during an outbreak period such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The study assessed health care waste management situation in selected healthcare facilities in the greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a multi-facility-based cross-sectional study that used a monitoring tool of the health facilities regulatory agency of Ghana to collect information on health care waste management practices at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was gathered from 501 healthcare facilities in the greater Accra (335) and Ashanti (151) regions. Descriptive, Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were performed. All statistical analyses were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05.Results: Less than half (45.7%) of the health facilities were assessed as having HCWM systems with majority (54.3%) having effective infectious waste management system. The health facilities in the greater Accra region (38.8%) and Ashanti region (60.9%) were categorized as poor on healthcare waste management system. The assessment levels of governance/leadership, management, quality assurance system, human resource, infection prevention and control equipment and water management were all significantly associated with the adherence to good HCWM systems.Conclusions: Health facilities were assessed as having good healthcare waste management systems, especially in the greater Accra region compared to the Ashanti, however treatment and safe disposal should be improved.
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Mbuvi, Caxton, Teresia Kyulu, and Kimani Makobu. "Proposed Solutions to Address the Challenges of Medical Waste Management in Health Facilities in Kamukunji Sub-County, Nairobi City County, Kenya." Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Medical waste management in Kenya has been greatly affected by the country's elevated production levels. The majority of medical facilities do not have an extensive medical waste management system, or if they do, they do not handle waste thoroughly, and therefore is detrimental to humans and the environment. This research focuses on health facilities’ management of medical waste in Kamukunji sub-county, assessing the specific problems of medical waste management in that area. This was a study focusing on healthcare workers, their working conditions and habits. This study was an analytical cross-sectional study design. Multistage sampling methods for the selection of 10 health facilities and 141 study participants. The R square was 0.746, indicating that medical waste management was harmed by a lack of funding, insufficient logistics, a lack of disposal sites, and a lack of understanding. This demonstrated a 74.6 percent variance in healthcare waste management due to a lack of funding, insufficient logistical supply, a lack of disposal site, and a lack of awareness. The remaining 25.4% implies that there were additional issues affecting the healthcare waste management systems of the ten health facilities evaluated. By explicitly identifying a given color with a certain category and its accompanying hazard, segregation aids to make waste processing safer. During the research period, Pumwani Maternity Hospital generated the most medical waste (80Kg) and Bahati Health Center generated the least (15Kg). The study concludes that periodic updates in medical waste management are necessary, as is refresher training for healthcare professionals and waste handlers. Additionally, it is advised that each health care facility have a safe and hygienic system in place for the handling, segregation, c collection, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of medical waste. All health facilities in Kenya, the study states, should adhere to the National Policy on Injection Safety and Medical Waste Management (2007). The 2007 strategy aims to emphasize the need of advocating for both the support and execution necessary to adequately manage healthcare waste. Keywords: Medical waste generation, health risks, medical waste management solutions, challenges of medical waste management, health facilities
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Oteng, Daniel, Jian Zuo, and Ehsan Sharifi. "Environmental emissions influencing solar photovoltaic waste management in Australia: An optimised system network of waste collection facilities." Journal of Environmental Management 314 (July 2022): 115007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115007.
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Pathak, Pratibha. "POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last three decades there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution, in particular, the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to prolonged exposure to environmental pollution. Most of these environment-related diseases are however not easily detected and may be acquired during childhood and manifested later in adulthood. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities, especially in developing countries. Many of these cities lack solid waste regulations and proper disposal facilities, including for harmful waste. Such waste may be infectious, toxic or radioactive. Municipal waste dumping sites are designated places set aside for waste disposal. Depending on a city’s level of waste management, such waste may be dumped in an uncontrolled manner, segregated for recycling purposes, or simply burnt. Poor waste management poses a great challenge to the well-being of city residents, particularly those living adjacent the dumpsites due to the potential of the waste to pollute water, food sources, land, air and vegetation. The poor disposal and handling of waste thus leads to environmental degradation, destruction of the ecosystem and poses great risks to public health.
12
Amartey, Akua O., Kwame O. Buabeng, Senam Tengey, and Shital M. Maru. "The availability, use and disposal of malaria and HIV rapid diagnostic test kits in health facilities in the greater Accra region of Ghana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The Malaria and HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are some of the commonest tests that are used in Ghana to support malaria and HIV management/care respectively. When these devices are used, they are categorized as potentially infectious. This paper aims to highlight the availability and management of used malaria and HIV RDTs in various healthcare facilities and by health service providers in the greater Accra region of Ghana.Methods: Data was obtained from 400 health facilities including hospitals, clinics, health centres, and pharmacies and over the counter medicine seller’s shops using purposive sampling technique with the aid of structured questionnaires and observation of practices.Results: Seventy percent of the facilities (n=280) used only malaria RDTs, 29% (n=116) used both malaria and HIV RDTs and 1% (n=4) reported using HIV RDTs only. 81.7% (n=326) which formed the majority used less than 10 RDTs daily. There was poor waste segregation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. Facilities that had some sort of on-site treatment of waste used single chambered incinerators.Conclusions: Each of the categories of health facilities had a common practice of poor hazardous waste management. We therefore recommend that there should be enhancement of education and training of practitioners in the health facilities and the general public on the optimal use of the RDTs and disposal or the management of healthcare waste in general. The environmental protection agency and ministry of health should collaborate and enforce all the regulations on healthcare waste management in the various facilities.
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Alani, R., D. Nwude, and O. Adeniyi. "Assessment of Hospital Wastes Management Practices in Lagos, Nigeria, using Two Health Care Centres as Case Studies." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 3, no. 2 (October 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.02.0121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hospital wastes are highly infectious and can pose serious threat to human health. As the rate at which these wastes are generated is getting rapidly higher because of rapid urbanization and population growth, also the problem of disposal of these wastes is becoming more serious. It is of utmost importance that these wastes receive specialized treatment and management prior to their final disposal. Some of these wastes are mixed with household wastes, and the entire pile becomes a great public health hazard. Scavengers search through the piles for salable items, which they wash, repack and resell to the public, endangering their lives, and that of the entire public. Until recently, the management of medical wastes has received little attention despite their potential environmental hazards and public health risks. The collection, storage and disposal of medical wastes in Lagos are of growing environmental problem which needs immediate attention. This study was carried out to assess the current waste management practices in terms of type of wastes and quantities of waste generated in the healthcare facilities and the waste handling and disposal practices; also, to assess the level of awareness of health workers regarding hospital and clinical waste management. Two health care facilities in Lagos state were used as case studies. These hospitals are secondary facilities providing emergency, surgical, material and child health services. The methodology design was mainly of qualitative and involved physical observation, questionnaire administration, quantitative data collection procedures and manipulation, data analysis and interpretation. The findings showed that there was almost no knowledge of hospital waste management policy in the two health care facilities among the management staff, which seemed to confirm the premium on hospital wastes and their poor management.
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McKay, Scott, Stuart A. Higgins, and Peter Baker. "NORM inventory forecast for Australian offshore oil and gas decommissioned assets and radioactive waste disposal pathways." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research establishes a decommissioning timeline for the existing oil and gas facilities across all of the Australian offshore oil and gas production basins. Minimal data exist in the public domain to estimate these decommissioning timelines and, more importantly, the significant waste volumes generated; including potentially hazardous wastes such as naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). At this time there is no approved onshore radioactive waste disposal pathway in Australia to accommodate this material. Applying an estimation methodology, based on Norwegian decommissioning data with regional activity factors, allows a NORM waste forecast to be established for the decommissioning of Australian oil and gas offshore infrastructure. The total NORM disposal burden is estimated to be in the range of 223–1674 tonnes for decommissioning activity to 2060, with over 68% of this material generated between 2018 and 2025. Due to the sparsity of public domain data this forecast is deemed to be uncertain and excludes the NORM contamination anticipated to be present in subsea export pipelines, trunklines and well production tubing. Current regulations governing the categorisation and disposal of radioactive wastes across Australia are complex and regionally dependent. This regional variation makes the implementation of a national radioactive waste disposal facility more difficult, and encourages the export of radioactive wastes overseas for final disposal. Exporting of radioactive wastes potentially presents a higher risk compared with in-country disposal and is likely not an effective long-term proposition. A comprehensive NORM data collection and quantification assessment programme, spanning all onshore and offshore oil and gas infrastructure, needs to implemented to drive and verify a NORM waste management strategy for the wave of facility decommissioning projects that are fast approaching.
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Belchikhina, A. V., M. A. Shibaev, I. M. Klinovitskaya, and A. K. Karaulov. "THE STATE OF ANIMAL WASTE RENDERING AND DISPOSING SYSTEM IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Veterinary Science Today, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2019-4-31-54-60.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organizations of all forms of ownership engaged in the production, transportation, procurement and processing of animal products and raw materials, as well as backyards, produce a signifi cant amount of biological waste in the course of their activity. This waste is the source of environmental pollution, it contributes to the maintenance of infectious disease outbreaks and poses a real threat to public and livestock health. Facilities for biological waste rendering and disposal require constant monitoring and supervision, because the improper management of these facilities can lead to disease occurrence and spread with signifi cant environmental, economic and social implications. In order to objectively refl ect the real state of waste rendering and disposal facilities in the Subjects of the Russian Federation and to form a holistic view of the problem in the country, the analysis of data, collected from the veterinary executive authorities of the Subjects of the Russian Federation, were analyzed. Such parameters as quantity, form of ownership, veterinary and sanitary condition, location and availability of animal waste rendering and disposal facilities were considered as of 2018. The study revealed 20,808 animal waste rendering and disposal facilities registered in the country, the majority of them being represented by animal burial sites (including anthrax). In most cases, animal burial sites (including anthrax) do not meet veterinary and sanitary requirements and are unattended. The analysis reveals tension in the fi eld of animal waste management in the Russian Federation.
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Adu, Robert Ohene, Samuel Fosu Gyasi, David Kofi Essumang, and Kenneth Bentum Otabil. "Medical Waste-Sorting and Management Practices in Five Hospitals in Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 4, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2934296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hospital waste management in Ghana faces the risk of cross-contamination from the lack of thorough sorting of the waste at the points of generation, codisposal of hazardous and nonhazardous waste types, and use of open-fire pits and substandard incinerators for burning infectious waste. This has increased the potential for the spread of infections and chemical pollutants. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals in Ghana to assess behavioral patterns on waste sorting and the effectiveness of hospital waste management in Ghana. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed purposively to some staff of the five hospitals to assess workers’ perceptions on medical waste sorting and handling. Additionally, focused group discussions and transect walks were adopted to examine the current collection, storage, treatment, and disposal methods used in the health facilities. Chi-square analyses showed significant differences in waste-sorting behavior based only on occupation (p<0.0001, n=180) and not on gender, education, or experience in the health sector. Even though contaminated sharps were separated into brown safety boxes, color coding for other infectious waste containers was inconsistent across the health facilities. The study revealed that incineration is still the modal method of treatment in Ghanaian hospitals and therefore new approaches such as an engineering approach were required to minimize its environmental effects. It is recommended that periodic in-service training workshops be held for healthcare staff on the right source-segregation of medical waste, in order to facilitate the effective and safe handling, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste from health facilities.
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Dietrich, Craige, Zahir Khan, and James Warner. "Audit of disposal of clinically confidential information." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 9 (September 2004): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.9.324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims and MethodWe conducted a 3-cycle audit of disposal of clinically sensitive information in a mental health unit, in order to identify and reduce potential breaches in patients' confidentiality. Material from waste bins in administrative areas of a mental health unit was examined every evening during each period of the audit.ResultsThe first search, conducted over a 3-week period, yielded 11 documents containing highly-sensitive information about patients. After feedback to staff and improvement of shredding facilities, no sensitive information was found during the follow-up 3-week survey, 3 months later. However, a third survey 2 years later found 24 highly-sensitive items after one week, despite shredding facilities being maintained.Clinical ImplicationsChanges in behaviour identified in this audit appear to be due to education rather than improved facilities. All staff involved in patient care need to maintain awareness of the need for safe disposal of confidential material.
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Manik, Erba Kalto, Risnawaty Tanjung, and Monika putri Ambarita. "KONDISI SANITASI DASAR DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA MASYARAKAT." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 16, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v16i2.1133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diarrhea is a health problem that is still often experienced by the community and is a cause of high morbidity and mortality rates. The environmental factors that play a role are basic sanitation conditions which include clean water supply facilities, family latrine facilities, garbage disposal facilities and waste water disposal facilities. The research method used in this study is quantitative analysis using a Cross Sectional Design which aims to determine the condition of basic sanitation facilities. with the incidence of diarrhea in the community. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 65 samples. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between clean water supply facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in the community with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and sewerage facilities (SPAL) with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). while not significant are latrine facilities p value (0.702) and waste disposal facilities with the incidence of diarrhea in the community p value = 0.448 (p > 0.05).
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Odonkor, Stephen T., and Tahiru Mahami. "Healthcare waste management in Ghanaian hospitals: Associated public health and environmental challenges." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 8 (April 28, 2020): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20914748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Healthcare waste generation is an integral part of healthcare operations. Improper healthcare waste management and disposal can be detrimental to humans and the environment. The objective of this paper is to investigate the healthcare waste management practices, aiming to provide needed data to inform policy decisions. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Quantitative data was obtained from 497 respondents who worked in 25 major healthcare facilities. Data was analyzed using (SPSS) version 23.0. Results indicated that 52.4% of respondents had knowledge about healthcare waste management. However, only 12% of the respondents were open to training in healthcare/biomedical waste management. Less than half of the respondent (47.5%) practiced waste segregation at the sources of generation. There were significantly more healthcare waste disposal materials available ( P = 0.001) in private than government and quasi-government hospitals. Based on the major findings of the study, we recommend that adequate training as well as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE’s) should be provided to healthcare professionals to improve healthcare waste management. Complacence in adhering to Healthcare waste disposal guideline must be addressed.
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Kuchibanda, Kizito, and Aloyce W. Mayo. "Public Health Risks from Mismanagement of Healthcare Wastes in Shinyanga Municipality Health Facilities, Tanzania." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/981756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increase of healthcare facilities in Shinyanga municipality has resulted in an increase of healthcare wastes, which poses serious threats to the environment, health workers, and the general public. This research was conducted to investigate management practices of healthcare wastes in Shinyanga municipality with a view of assessing health risks to health workers and the general public. The study, which was carried out in three hospitals, involved the use of questionnaires, in-depth interview, and observation checklist. The results revealed that healthcare wastes are not quantified or segregated in all the three hospitals. Healthcare wastes at the Shinyanga Regional Referral Hospital are disposed of by on-site incineration and burning and some wastes are disposed off-site. At Kolandoto DDH only on-site burning and land disposal are practiced, while at Kambarage UHC healthcare solid wastes are incinerated, disposed of on land disposal, and burned. Waste management workers do not have formal training in waste management techniques and the hospital administrations pay very little attention to appropriate management of healthcare wastes. In light of this, it is evident that management of healthcare solid wastes is not practiced in accordance with the national and WHO’s recommended standards.
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Bobrov, Aleksandr F., S. M. Kiselev, and V. U. Shcheblanov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY CULTURE AT THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL DISPOPSAL FACILITIES." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 9 (March 27, 2019): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-888-892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the quantitative assessment of the safety culture at facilities involved in the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. Based on the method of the “internal” assessment of the safety culture, being developed in the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation, the comprehensive evaluation of the safety culture has been carried out with respect to the personnel of the following facilities: the Northwest Center for Radioactive Waste Management - SevRAO (NWC SevRAO) and the Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management- DalRAO (FEC DalRAO), which are subsidiaries of the RosRAO Enterprise.
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Basistha, Anupjyoti, and Dr Mridula Saikia Khanikor. "A Study of Biomedical Waste Management Status in Primary Health Centres of Guwahati, Assam." Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i01.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomedical waste (BMW) is generated mainly by health care establishments. The management of BMW is still infant all across the world. According to Biomedical waste management rule 2016 (amended in 2018),the health facilities need to ensure proper segregation of BMW and pre-treat the waste at the facility before disposal/handing over the equivalent to Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBMWTF). A detailed study on BMW status in few of the Primary Health Centres (PHC) of Guwahati was carried out. The study depicts that only 30 % of the facilities does have nodal person to monitor the BMW activities. None of the facility having coloured plastic bin/bags with biohazard symbol, designated waste route, weighing machine and centralized storage area. Collection of BMW by the CBMWTF was average twice a month.
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Su, Min, Qiang Wang, and Rongrong Li. "How to Dispose of Medical Waste Caused by COVID-19? A Case Study of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 12127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapid increase in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients also means a rapid increase in medical waste that could carry the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). How to safely dispose of medical waste caused by COVID-19 is a huge challenge that needs to be solved urgently. The outbreak of the COVID-19 has led to a significant increase in the daily generation of medical waste in China and has placed a severe test on the Chinese medical waste disposal system. Unlike ordinary wastes and garbage, medical waste that is untreated or incompletely treated will not only cause environmental pollution, but also directly or indirectly cause infections and endanger people’s health. Faced with difficulties, the Chinese government formulated a policy for medical waste management and a response plan for the epidemic, which provides policy guarantee for the standardized disposal of epidemic medical waste. In addition, the government and medical institutions at all levels formed a comprehensive, refined, and standardized medical treatment process system during research and practice. China has increased the capacity of medical waste disposal in various places by constructing new centralized disposal centers and adding mobile disposal facilities. China has achieved good results in the fight against COVID-19, and the pressure on medical waste disposal has been relieved to a certain extent. However, the global epidemic situation is severe. How to ensure the proper and safe disposal of medical waste is related to the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. This study summarizes China’s experience in the disposal of medical waste in the special case of COVID-19 and hopes to provide some reference for other countries in the disposal of medical waste.
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Liu, Ziyuan, Tianle Liu, Xingdong Liu, Aijing Wei, Xiaoxue Wang, Ying Yin, and You Li. "Research on Optimization of Healthcare Waste Management System Based on Green Governance Principle in the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105316.
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At present, strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic have made significant and strategic strides; however, and the large quantities of healthcare treatment waste have become another important “battlefield”. For example, in Wuhan, the production rate of healthcare waste in hospitals, communities, temporary storage, and other units was much faster than the disposal rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving the efficiency of healthcare waste transfer and treatment has become an important task for government health and environmental protection departments at all levels. Based on the situation of healthcare waste disposal in Wuhan during the critical period of the pandemic, this paper analyzes and studies green governance principles and summarizes the problems that exist in the current healthcare waste management system. Through the establishment of temporary storage facilities along transit routes, digital simulation and bionic experiments were carried out in the Hongshan District of Wuhan to improve the efficiency of healthcare waste transfer. Furthermore, this study discusses the coordination and cooperation of government, hospitals, communities, and other departments in the healthcare waste disposal process and provides guiding suggestions for healthcare waste disposal nationwide in order to deal with potential risks and provide effective references in all regions.
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Hasan, Ummu Atiyyah, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Aziah Daud, Anees Abdul Hamid, Norzaihan Hassan, Mohd Faiz Ariffin, and Lau Yi Vun. "Factors Contributing to Sharp Waste Disposal at Health Care Facility Among Diabetic Patients in North-East Peninsular Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132251.
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Background: Type 2 diabetic patients are major users of medical sharps in the community. Proper sharp disposal practice among them, however, was reported to be low. The current study was aimed to determine the factors contributing to sharp waste disposal at a health care facility among Type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Type 2 diabetic patients who were on insulin therapy attending health clinics were randomly selected and interviewed using a validated questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: Out of 304 respondents, only 11.5% of them brought their used sharps to be disposed at health care facilities. Previous advice on sharp disposal from health care providers, knowledge score, and duration of diabetes were significant contributing factors for sharp waste disposal at health care facilities: (Adj. OR 6.31; 95% CI: 2.63, 15.12; p < 0.001), (Adj. OR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.08; p < 0.001), and (Adj. OR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.93; p = 0.036), respectively. Conclusion: Continuous education and a locally adapted safe sharp disposal option must be available to increase awareness and facilitate diabetic patients adopting proper sharp disposal behavior.
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Oyebanji, F. F., A. O. James, K. A. Olatunde, and O. J. Aremu. "Solid Waste Management Practices and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils Within Public Healthcare Facilities in Abeokuta, Southwest, Nigeria." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.165.
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This study assessed solid healthcare (SHC) waste management practices and levels of heavy metals in soils within four public healthcare facilities in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Walkthrough observation and one-on-one interviews were used to elicit information on waste management practices. Topsoils of waste storage areas were collected and analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. SHC general waste is often burnt and buried at the general hospitals while licensed private operators collect it at the Clinics and Specialist hospitals. The Specialist Hospitals generate the highest weight of all the waste categories and in the order; general > infectious > sharps > pathological > pharmaceutical, with the clinic having the highest rate of waste generated/patient (0.8kg/day). Heavy metal concentration (mg/kg) ranges are 5321.46 – 9356.49 (Fe), 96.72 – 314.49 (Zn) and 8.58 – 20.77 (Cr), with an indication of potential non-carcinogenic risks for all exposure routes for both adults and children. Mixed storage of all waste types is still being practised in some healthcare facilities, which portends the risk of infection transmission and environmental pollution. Hence, there is a need to improve the segregation and special handling of SHCW to avoid environmental contamination and negative health-related impacts.
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Datta, Priya, Gursimran Mohi, and Jagdish Chander. "Biomedical waste management in India: Critical appraisal." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10, no. 01 (January 2018): 006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_89_17.
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AbstractThe safe and sustainable management of biomedical waste (BMW) is social and legal responsibility of all people supporting and financing health-care activities. Effective BMW management (BMWM) is mandatory for healthy humans and cleaner environment. This article reviews the recent 2016 BMWM rules, practical problems for its effective implementation, the major drawback of conventional techniques, and the latest eco-friendly methods for BMW disposal. The new rules are meant to improve the segregation, transportation, and disposal methods, to decrease environmental pollution so as to change the dynamic of BMW disposal and treatment in India. For effective disposal of BMWM, there should be a collective teamwork with committed government support in terms of finance and infrastructure development, dedicated health-care workers and health-care facilities, continuous monitoring of BMW practices, tough legislature, and strong regulatory bodies. The basic principle of BMWM is segregation at source and waste reduction. Besides, a lot of research and development need to be in the field of developing environmental friendly medical devices and BMW disposal systems for a greener and cleaner environment.
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Olaniyi, Foluke C., Jason S. Ogola, and Takalani G. Tshitangano. "Efficiency of Health Care Risk Waste Management in Rural Healthcare Facilities of South Africa: An Assessment of Selected Facilities in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122199.
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Waste generated form healthcare facilities is a potential source of health risks to the public, if it is not properly handled from the point of generation to disposal. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of healthcare risk waste (HCRW) management in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Fifteen healthcare facilities were selected in Vhembe District for this study. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, observation and pictures. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed, while the quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25. In all the healthcare facilities; mismanagement of HCRW was noted at different points along the management chain. Poor segregation, overfilling of waste bins, inappropriate transportation and storage of waste in substandard storage rooms were observed in the facilities. All the waste from the district are transported to a private-owned treatment facility outside the district, where they are mainly incinerated. Enforcement of healthcare risk waste guidelines, provision of standardized equipment for temporary storage, empowerment of each healthcare facility to treat at least some of the waste, and employment of non-burn techniques for treatment of waste are recommended for more efficient management of healthcare risk waste in Vhembe District.
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Msapalla, Agness, Salum Azizi, Menan Jangu, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Johnson Matowo, Magreth F. Shayo, Robert Kaaya, et al. "Simplified Procedures for Managing Insecticidal Waste: A Case Report of KCMUCo-PAMVERC Vector Control Product Testing Facility in North-Eastern Tanzania." Environments 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9060065.
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Insecticide testing facilities that evaluate a variety of vector control products may generate a large number of hazardous wastes from routine operations. These wastes originate from degraded technical grade materials, sprayed substrates with Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), and redundant stock or working insecticidal solutions. The washing of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) during preparation for laboratory and experimental hut trials also contribute to wastewater with insecticide content. Human and environmental exposure to insecticidal waste can occur during transport, categorization, storage, and disposal, resulting in environmental pollution and potential health effects. Various national and international guidelines have been devised for safe disposal and should be strictly followed to avoid adverse effects on humans or environment. To facilitate proper insecticidal waste management, this paper outlines simple but safe practices derived from international and national guidelines that can be adopted by other similar facilities. National and international policies related to chemical management were reviewed and translated into Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), training pathways, and manuals. National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) assessed the test facility and recommended disposal procedures. NEMC recommendations were followed to construct the soak pits for liquid waste disposal while chemical transporters and incinerators were contracted for solid waste disposal. An environmental expert was contracted for environmental audit and annual monitoring. Studies and activities at the facility were evaluated for their waste generation index. Safety manual and SOPs on risk assessment, waste management and disposal, handling hazardous materials, health and safety procedures, and chemical usage were written. At KCMUCo-PAMVERC, an annual average of 0.02 and 24.9 cubic meters of liquid waste, which mainly includes a mixture of water, insecticides, and solvents, were generated from laboratory experiments (phase I) and semi-field LLIN experiments (phase II), respectively, while the IRS semi-field experiments generated an annual average of 88 L of liquid waste and 6.3 tons of solid waste. An annual average of 0.18 cubic meters of liquid waste results from other sources, including expired laboratory reagents. Well-translated national and international policies/regulations may be adopted by insecticide test facilities for proper and effective waste disposal.
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Aryani, Desi. "Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Perawat terhadap Risiko Kegiatan Pembuangan Limbah Medis Padat Di Ruang Syifa Dan UGD RS Haji Jakarta Tahun 2015." Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpksy.v3i1.328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hospital is one of the health care facilities that have complex characteristics especially concerning the interaction between the various processes, scientific devices and various types of health workers who are related to each other. In addition to a positive impact, the Hospital had negative impacts that generate waste during its activities; one of waste is solid medical waste. Solid medical waste is one of the sources of pollution, so it is necessary to conduct an integrated management starting from segregation to the disposal of solid medical waste. Researcher raised this issue because there were incident afflicting health workers and cleaning services at Haji Hospital Jakarta, they were punctured used needles. In a period of 2 years from 2014 to 2015, there had been 5 cases of used needles should not happen. This research use quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research conducted by distributing a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge (age, length of work, education, training), facilities and behavior of nurses and cleaning services to the risk of solid medical waste disposal activities. The qualitative research conducted with in-depth interviews. Result of the relation between nurse knowledge against the risk of solid medical waste disposal based on the result of the t-test 1.661 < t-table 2000. Result of the relation between nurse behavior with the risk of medical waste disposal activities based on the result of the t-test 1.975 < t-table 2000. Result of the relation between of the level nurse knowledge and nurse behavior with the risk of solid medical waste disposal based on the result f-count 3.036 < f-table 3.35. So there is no relation between nurse knowledge and nurse behavior with the risk of medical waste disposal activities at Haji Hospital Jakarta.
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Schlosser, Olivier, Samuel Robert, and Naike Noyon. "Airborne mycotoxins in waste recycling and recovery facilities: Occupational exposure and health risk assessment." Waste Management 105 (March 2020): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.031.
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Gillian Dzekashu, Lanyuy, Jane Francis Akoachere, and Wilfred Fon Mbacham. "MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL PRACTICES OF HEALTH FACILITIES IN KUMBO EAST AND KUMBO WEST HEALTH DISTRICTS." Journal of Environment and Health Science 2, no. 6 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15436/2378-6841.16.990.
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Lanyuy, Gillian Dzekashu, Francis Akoachere Jane, and Fon Mbacham Wilfred. "Medical waste management and disposal practices of health facilities in Kumbo East and Kumbo West health districts." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijmms2016.1272.
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Kirilchuk, I. O., A. V. Iordanova, and D. V. Balaban. "Method for Assessing the Environmental and Social Risks of Unauthorized Landfill Sites." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 866, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/866/1/012001.
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Abstract The problem of production and consumer waste generation is one of the main environmental issues of industrial society. However, the main method of waste disposal in Russia is still its landfilling at waste disposal facilities (landfill deposits, authorized and unauthorized dumps). A separate group of waste disposal facilities consists of illegal unauthorized landfill sites with solid municipal waste. The specificity of these waste disposal facilities is the complexity of monitoring of their formation and the difficulty of assessing their impact on the environment and public health. At present, there is no standard approved methodology for assessing the environmental and social risks of illegal unauthorized landfill sites. For that purpose, the authors have developed a method for assessing the hazards of unauthorized landfill sites, based on comparing the actual characteristics of landfills obtained during field surveys of urban areas with certain tabular values. Initial keeping track of landfill sites is fulfilled with the application of a web portal that implements geoinformational technologies. The use of the web portal for rapid detection of illegal unauthorized landfill sites, as well as the author’s method and soft-ware that implements this method allows for rapid assessment of the environmental and social hazard of landfills based on data from field surveys of urban areas without laboratory measurements. The results obtained are intended for the classification of illegal landfill sites in order to develop plans for their elimination, taking into account the priorities of environmental policy.
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Nawa Raj Subba. "Practices of waste management in health care facilities in Nepal's Biratnagar metropolitan city." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0722.
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Biratnagar is a medical referral centre with tertiary health care in Eastern Nepal. The city population is 202,061, according to the 2011 census. There are 35 Health Care Facilities (HCFs) in the city as of 2014. There are 7 HCFs, 2 non-governmental HCFs, and 26 private HCFs. In 2014, the District Public Health Office Morang, the Biratnagar municipality, and the private sector collaborated to check Biratnagar's health care waste management. Investigators performed a semi-structured questionnaire and checklists while visiting health care sites. According to the survey results, 10% of HCFs use incinerators. 80% of HCFs separate their garbage, 60% use needle destroyer machines, and 50% use coloured dustbins to separate different sorts of medical waste. The bed occupancy rate is 78%. Every day, one sweeper looks for 6.66 beds. Even 10% of HCFs let their waste out in the open. HCFs do not have enough capacity for waste disposal facilities. Thus, HCFs pay the municipality Rs. 1500- 15000 a month to have the facility's waste removed. In the municipality tractor, they are hauling medical garbage and home rubbish. As a result, the city discharges health care waste with household waste in the Singhiaya River. These actions endanger public health. Biratnagar city generates 118 Kgs of hazardous health care waste daily, necessitating immediate treatment. Biratnagar Municipality should collaborate with partners to develop a short and long-term strategy.
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Klaß, Larissa, Philipp Ritz, Marius Hirsch, John Kettler, Andreas Havenith, Andreas Wilden, and Giuseppe Modolo. "Gamma-spectrometric measurement procedure for a clearance concept of radioactively contaminated mercury from nuclear facilities." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 329, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07840-7.
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AbstractRadioactive mercury waste constitutes a significant challenge, as no approved disposal concept yet exists for such waste in Germany. This work describes a decontamination and measurement procedure for a possible clearance of mercury from nuclear facilities and release into reuse or conventional hazardous waste disposal to reduce the amount of mercury in a nuclear repository. The measurement setup and procedure were developed and evaluated including Monte-Carlo N-Particle® Transport Code (MCNP® and Monte Carlo N-Particle® are registered trademarks owned by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, manager and operator of Los Alamos National Laboratory, (Werner 2018, Werner 2017)), simulations to ensure conservative assumptions during the measurements. Results from decontaminated mercury samples show that a clearance pursuant to the German regulations would be feasible.
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Mohammed, Solomon Ahmed, Mesfin Haile Kahissay, and Abel Demerew Hailu. "Pharmaceuticals wastage and pharmaceuticals waste management in public health facilities of Dessie town, North East Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): e0259160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259160.
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Background Pharmaceuticals wastes are drugs and medicines that can no longer be used. The improper disposal of unused medicines is a growing problem throughout the world. This study assessed the pharmaceutical wastage rate and pharmaceutical waste management for the year 2015 to 2017 in the public health facility of Dessie, Ethiopia. Methodology A cross-section study design was used to review logistic data retrospectively from health commodity management information systems and manual records in 8 health facilities. Health professionals’ (135) pharmaceutical waste management practices were assessed using the world health organization waste management checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were made using a statistical package for social sciences version 20. Result Supplies were the leading class of pharmaceuticals with an overall wastage rate of 37.1%. Tablet and injectable constituted the highest class of pharmaceuticals dosage form with the overall wastage rate of 20.78% and 16.49%. The overall pharmaceutical wastage rate was 3.68% amounting to USD 159,762.66 and expiry (92.05%) was the major reason for wastage. The pharmaceutical wastage rate of health centers was nearly twofold higher than hospitals. Pharmaceutical waste management was practiced by 105 (77%; 95% CI; 69.9%, 84.9%) health professionals. Determinants of pharmaceutical waste management were being male (P value = 0.08, AOR = 3.72), receiving training (P value = 0.01, AOR = 4.34), writing label (P value = 0.02, AOR = 5.04), storage of segregated waste in dispensing unit (P value = 0.01, AOR = 0.72) and the presence of disposal plan (P value = 0.002, AOR = 16.93). Conclusions Supplies and tablets constituted the highest wastage class of pharmaceuticals and dosage form. The pharmaceutical wastage rate was higher than the standard and increasing in successive years. Pharmaceutical waste management was not fully practiced. Appropriate inventory control and waste management are recommended.
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Thakur, Vikas, and Ramesh Anbanandam. "Management practices and modeling the seasonal variation in health care waste." Journal of Modelling in Management 12, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-08-2015-0058.
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Purpose Management of hazardous waste is a big challenge to a common biomedical waste treatment facility (CBWTF) because of variations in the amount of different kinds of waste collected and treated from various health-care facilities (HCFs). Hence, prediction of health-care waste (HCW) will be very helpful for the CBWTF in allocation of resources, transportation, storage and disposal of medical waste (MW). This study aims to focus on the current MW handling and disposal practices at CBWTF in Uttarakhand, India. The study also models the seasonal variation in the HCW quantities collected and treated in CBWTF at Uttarakhand (India). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected for two years (2013 and 2014) from CBWTF, and polynomial regression models were used to represent the complex nonlinear relationship among the variables. Findings The fixed trends in the waste generated in two years represent the seasonal variations and illness patterns. The load of approximately 527 kg/day biomedical waste, including all the three categories (red, yellow and blue), was estimated at CBWTF at Uttarakhand, India. The composition of the total waste was calculated as: yellow category (327 kg/day, 62.23 per cent), red category (190 kg/day, 36.66 per cent) and blue category (10 kg/day, 1.44 per cent). CBWTF needs to run an incinerator for 3.30 h, autoclaving machine for 4 h and shredder for 20 min daily as per the calculated load. Research limitations/implications This study is focused on only one CBWTF in Uttarakhand, so the model needs to be validated considering other facilities. Practical implications The model will help the CBWTF to plan its capacity and allocate resources. Social implications Infectious waste coming out from HCFs can be managed in a proper way. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind conducted for CBWTF, Uttarakhand, India.
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Suja, Fatihah, Rakmi Abdul Rahman, Arij Yusof, and Mohd Shahbudin Masdar. "e-Waste Management Scenarios in Malaysia." Journal of Waste Management 2014 (September 30, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/609169.
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e-Waste, or electronic waste, disposal that is uncontrolled can be harmful to human health and the environment because e-waste contains toxic substances and heavy metals. However, if the waste is properly managed, it can become a business opportunity that produces high returns because e-waste also contains valuable materials, such as gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. The government of Malaysia wants to ensure the safe, effective, and economically beneficial management of e-waste in Malaysia. Management approaches have included law enforcement and regulation and the promotion of e-waste recovery activities. e-Waste of no commercial value must be disposed of at sites/premises licensed by the Department of Environment (DOE), Malaysia. To date, 18 full recovery facilities and 128 partial recovery facilities that use various available technologies have been designated for the segregation, dismantling, and treatment of e-waste. However, there are issues faced by the recovery facilities in achieving the goal of converting e-waste into a source material. The issues include the e-waste supply, the importation of e-waste derived products and coding, and finally the need to develop the criteria for e-waste processing technologies to ensure the safety and the sustainability of the facilities.
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Kuzmin, E. V., A. V. Minin, M. Yu Bamborin, and Yu V. Trofimova. "System of Engineering Safety Barriers of the Facilities for Near-Surface Disposal of Radioactive Waste." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 6 (June 2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-6-46-51.
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Facilities for near-surface disposal of radioactive waste are very important structures consisting of several safety barriers, and the substantiation and selection of the principal structures of near-surface disposal facility is a complex task that must be solved taking into account the distinctive specifics — the time of their active and passive operation, as well as the period of potential danger of radioactive waste. The paper considers the main approaches to ensuring the long-term safety of near-surface disposal facilities through the use of various engineering safety barriers, measures to protect safety barriers, personnel, the public and the environment. To ensure safety, to prevent the spread of ionizing radiation and radioactive substances from the near-surface disposal facility into the environment, a systematization of safety barriers was carried out to ensure reliable isolation of the placed radioactive waste. Using the experience of building long-term structures, the periods of reliable isolation of the radioactive waste by each of the engineering barriers are indicated. The safety barriers, which are included as the main engineered barriers in the design solutions of the near-surface disposal facilities being created, are consistently considered. Containers are the first engineered barrier. The second barrier is a buffer material based on the natural clays that fills the space between the walls of the modular structures and containers, as well as between the containers themselves. The third barrier is concrete walls, floor slabs and floor slabs of the modular structures of the disposal site. The fourth barrier consists of bentonite mats and a clay castle made of crumpled natural clay. The fifth barrier is a multi-layered covering screen constructed for waterproofing, protection from the atmospheric precipitation, ingress of animals, plant roots and inadvertent human intrusion. The choice of materials for the engineered barriers and the requirements for the characteristics of the barrier are carried out based on the long-term safety assessment calculations, including taking into account the properties of the host rocks.
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Supriadi, Supriadi, Sondang Siahaan, and Rina Fauziah. "Gambaran Sarana Sanitasi di Asrama Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Pondok Pesantren Ainul Yaqin Kelurahan Lebak Bandung Kecamatan Jelutung Kota Jambi Tahun 2020." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2273.
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Sanitation facilities are needed in public places that have the potential for disease transmission, one of which is in Islamic Boarding Schools. Based on the results of a survey at the Ainul Yaqin Islamic Education Foundation, it was found that sanitation facilities did not meet health requirements. The purpose of the study was to obtain an overview of sanitation facilities in the Ainul Yaqin Islamic Education Foundation Dormitory, Lebak Village, Bandung District, Jelutung District, Jambi City. This type of research is descriptive research with an observational approach and research subjects are all sanitation facilities in the dormitory of the Islamic Education Foundation of Pondok Pesantren Ainul Yaqin, Lebak Village, Bandung District, Jelutung District, Jambi City. The results of the study describe the sanitation facilities at the Ainul Yaqin Islamic Education Foundation, showing that the clean water supply facilities in the dormitories meet the requirements, the waste management facilities in the dormitories do not meet the requirements, the human waste disposal facilities in the dormitories meet the requirements, the waste water disposal facilities in the dormitories do not meet the requirements. the requirements and the total score of the overall sanitation facility inspection form did not meet the requirements with a total score of 1398. It was concluded that the sanitation facilities in the dormitory of the Islamic Education Foundation of the Ainul Yaqin Islamic Boarding School in Lebak Bandung Village, Jelutung District, Jambi City did not meet the requirements, it is better to supervise, repair and clean sanitation facilities properly routine.
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Yoon, Jeongyeon, Younghan Yoon, Sang Leen Yun, and Wontae Lee. "The Current State of Management and Disposal of Wastes Related to COVID-19 : A review." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.12.739.
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Objectives : This paper summarizes effective waste management and disposal methods for plastic and medical wastes during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic.Methods : We reviewed the literatures reporting and identifying the current status and characteristics of wastes related to COVID-19, and the management and treatment guidelines for those wastes. We also investigated various technologies for waste treatment and disposal, and assessed the current status and future direction of the technologies in Korea.Results and Discussion : In the first half of 2020 in Korea, the amount of plastic waste produced had increased by 15.6% year-on-year, and medical waste production also increased significantly from 0.6 ton in January 2020 to 2,928 ton in August 2021. All of the infectious wastes are currently being incinerated in Korea, but there are concerns on air pollutant emissions and insufficient treatment facilities. Municipal solid waste also suffers from a lack of landfill capacity and low price competitiveness in the recycling industry.Conclusions : Policy and system need to be improved to reduce the infectious waste generation from the sources, and treatment and disposal technologies for produced wastes also need to be developed. Furthermore, hospitals and health care facilities should establish their own waste reducing systems which may include chemical treatment and sterilization units.
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Chopra, Rahul, Shivani Mathur, Vidya Dodwad, Nikhil Sharma, and Siddharth Tevatia. "Awareness & attitude regarding biomedical waste disposal among post-graduate students, under-graduate students & auxiliary staff of a dental college – a questionnaire survey." International Journal of Dental Research 5, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijdr.v5i1.7515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Indiscriminate disposal of bio medical waste poses a serious threat to environment and human health and is currently a burning issue with increasing health care facilities and associated waste generation. Hence this study assesses the awareness levels and attitude regarding biomedical waste disposal among post-graduates, under-graduates & auxiliary staff of a dental college.Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among post-graduates, under-graduates & auxiliary staff using a questionnaire. A total of 120 participants, 40 in each group answered the questionnaire. The answers were analyzed and graded for each group.Results: The results depict satisfactory awareness about biomedical waste disposal among post-graduates and under-graduates. However, the auxiliary staff lacks the awareness about proper biomedical waste disposal.Conclusion: The study reveals that there is a need to increase knowledge among the auxiliary staff regarding biomedical waste management by continuing training program.
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Bijelović, Sanja, Valentina Grossi, Enkhtsetseg Shinee, Oliver Schmoll, Dragana Jovanović, Katarina Paunović, Nataša Dragić, and Radmila Velicki. "Water, sanitation, and hygiene services in health care facilities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Provision of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities is a priority at the global, national, and local levels. To inform improvements planning, conditions of WASH, waste management, and environmental cleaning were assessed in 81 facilities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, as part of a nationally representative survey in 2019. The survey included on-site checks, structured interviews, and drinking-water quality analysis. WHO/UNICEF indicators for WASH service levels and an advanced service level defined at the national level were applied. The results showed that all investigated facilities provided basic water services; 94% of facilities provided basic hygiene and waste management services; 58 and 2%, respectively, provided basic cleaning and sanitation services. Only 1% of investigated facilities met the basic level for all five WASH dimensions. Advanced service levels were only met for hygiene, waste management, and/or cleaning in 15–38% of facilities. In 33% of health care facilities, drinking-water quality was not in compliance with the national standards. The results revealed that there is a need for increased awareness and efforts to ensure basic provisions for sanitation, environmental cleaning, and drinking-water safety.
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Hasanah, Nadhirotun, Onny Setiani, and Sulistiyani Sulistiyani. "Association between Environmental Factors and Incidence of Diarrhea Among Toddlers in the Working Area of Ambal I Health Center, Kebumen, Center of Java, Indonesia." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (2022): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.74.29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
About 1.7 billion children suffer from diarrhea and diarrhea causes 525,000 toddlers died each year. In 2021 diarrhea in toddlers as much as 34.2% of 357 cases of diarrhea, and in the work area of Ambal 1health center for the last 3 years cases of diarrhea in toddlers have not shown a decrease The purpose of this study was to determine the association between environmental factors and the incidence of diarrhea in toddler in the working area of Ambal I Health Center in 2022. This type of research was analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were toddlers aged 12-59 months who lived in the working area of Ambal I Health Center, Ambal District, Kebumen Regency in 2022. The number of samples taken was 67 samples using the proportional random sampling method. The association test was carried out using the Chi-Square test. The results of this study indicate that there were no significant association between clean water sources (p=0.220), faecal disposal facilities (p=0.717), waste water disposal facilities (p=0.103), waste disposal facilities (p=0.683) and the type of floor of the house (p=0.610) with the incidence of diarrhea in toddler. Environmental factors are not related to the incidence of toddler diarrhea in the working area of Ambal I Health Center, Kebumen ,Center of Java, Indonesia in 2022.
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Mwita, Stanley, Godfrey Ngonela, and Deogratias Katabalo. "Disposal Practice of Unfit Medicines in Nongovernmental Hospitals and Private Medicine Outlets Located in Mwanza, Tanzania." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7074959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. For a medicine to qualify as safe and effective and to be of good quality, it should be properly labelled, stored, and transported. If a medicine is not handled properly, it ends up being unfit. Improper disposal of unfit medicines contributes to the appearance of their metabolites in the environment. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to capture quantitative data. The study was conducted in Mwanza region, Tanzania. The study population comprised nongovernmental hospitals and private medicines outlets in the region. The sample size was 111 facilities. This study was conducted between October 2013 and May 2014. The questionnaire was used to assess experience and challenges of dealing with unfit medicines. A review of waste management records was done to capture data of past disposal for unfit medicines. The coded data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 20.0) computer analysis software. Comparison of proportions between groups was performed using Pearson’s chi square. Results. The majority of facilities (41.4%) used methods such as the pouring of unfit medicines into the sink and into the dustbin. About 60.4% of facilities were found with unfit medicines at the time of survey. Majority of unfit medicines found were antibiotics (64.1%). Almost 10% of health facilities maintained a register book for recording unfit medicines. Conclusion. There was improper disposal of unfit medicines in health facilities studied, whereby commonly reported methods of disposal were pouring into the sink and putting into the street dustbin. In private medicines outlets, there was poor storage management practice as some of the unfit medicines were left unpacked into boxes or separated from the usable medicines and not properly labelled.
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Lisafitri, Yuni, Endang Setiawati, Mutiara Fajar, and Muhammad Syafrizal. "Identification of Sanitation and Public Health’s Condition in Densely Populated Settlement at Coastal Area (Case Study: Kangkung, Bandar Lampung)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Environmental Sanitation is the health status of an environment which includes sewerage disposal facilities (include septic tank), waste disposal facilities, the provision of clean and drinking water, drainage. Environmental sanitation is requirements for a healthy environment. Sanitation of densely populated settlement in coastal area especially in Indonesia are mostly not in good condition. Sanitation conditions are closely related to public health. Sanitation that does not meet the requirements is the cause of environmental-based diseases like waterborne deseases, one of which is diarrhea. The purpose of this study is to identify the sanitation and public health conditions of people that living in densely populated settlements in the coastal areas of Kangkung sub-district, Bandar Lampung City. Surveys, observations, questionnaires and interviews were conducted to obtain the expected data in this study. The results of this study show that some sanitation conditions in densely populated coastal areas did not meet the requirements of good sanitation (based on SDGs) because the conditions of the houses are so tight that there are poor condition of drainage and the unavailability of waste disposal facilities. There are still The number of diarrhea and another deaseses was high. There are still have diarrhea cases in Kangkung even though they already have a good clean water supply. however, this may be related to the poor condition of garbage disposal and drainage in Kangkung.
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Lisafitri, Yuni, Endang Setiawati, Mutiara Fajar, and Muhammad Syafrizal. "Identification of Sanitation and Public Health’s Condition in Densely Populated Settlement at Coastal Area (Case Study: Kangkung, Bandar Lampung)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Environmental Sanitation is the health status of an environment which includes sewerage disposal facilities (include septic tank), waste disposal facilities, the provision of clean and drinking water, drainage. Environmental sanitation is requirements for a healthy environment. Sanitation of densely populated settlement in coastal area especially in Indonesia are mostly not in good condition. Sanitation conditions are closely related to public health. Sanitation that does not meet the requirements is the cause of environmental-based diseases like waterborne deseases, one of which is diarrhea. The purpose of this study is to identify the sanitation and public health conditions of people that living in densely populated settlements in the coastal areas of Kangkung sub-district, Bandar Lampung City. Surveys, observations, questionnaires and interviews were conducted to obtain the expected data in this study. The results of this study show that some sanitation conditions in densely populated coastal areas did not meet the requirements of good sanitation (based on SDGs) because the conditions of the houses are so tight that there are poor condition of drainage and the unavailability of waste disposal facilities. There are still The number of diarrhea and another deaseses was high. There are still have diarrhea cases in Kangkung even though they already have a good clean water supply. however, this may be related to the poor condition of garbage disposal and drainage in Kangkung.
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Jeba, Jafrin Sultana, and Md Mujibor Rahman. "Medical waste management in Khulna City Corporation, Bangladesh." National Geographical Journal of India 66, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management of medical waste or Clinical Solid Waste (CSW) is a major challenge for developing world and poor countries. In a developing country like Bangladesh, poor and inappropriate handling of medical waste continuously increases health risks, as well as environmental risks thus treatment and management of Health-Care Waste (HCW), are important here. This study reviews the current situation of medical waste management (MWM) and practices in Khulna City Corporation, Bangladesh, and examines possible solutions for further study. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used in this study. The study was conducted in 30 HCEs (Health Care Establishments) within Khulna City Corporation. The Result of the study unveiled an unsatisfactory management system in the surveyed HCEs. The entire city corporation's waste management is looked after through a public-private partnership between City Corporation and Prodipan (NGOs). Everyday 3509kg wastes are generated from HCEs within the City Corporation. Only 28% of the waste handling process related personnel claimed that they got training, none of these HCEs has their waste transportation (off-site transportation) facilities and for waste management, they entirely depend on City Corporation and Prodipan. For waste management, absence necessary plan and monitoring team makes it more difficult, only 33% of the surveyed HCEs showed their satisfaction for their manpower in this sector. Only 3.3% Health-Care Establishments (HCEs) have claimed that they have their distinguished treatment facilities for specific non-hazardous wastes. Insufficient collection and storage facilities, inadequate transportation and disposal facilities. The funding also demonstrates that segregation practices were not satisfactory in public and small HCEs. Arrangement of training and awareness program, appropriate plan, skilled staffs, proper storage facilities, regular monitoring are recommended to achieve an efficient medical waste management system.
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Reheim, N. A. Abdel, M. Abdel Geleel, Ashraf A. Mohammed, E. R. Atta, Emtithal A. Elsawy, and Amaal Tawfik. "Investigation of novel composites to be used as backfill materials in radioactive waste disposal facilities." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 322, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06809-x.
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