Готові списки джерел за темами / Hardening-Softening

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Hardening-Softening"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Hardening-Softening":

Chen, Junchi, Weihua Wang, and Longfeng Chen. "A Strain Hardening and Softening Constitutive Model for Hard Brittle Rocks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052764.

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To study the strain hardening and softening mechanism for hard brittle rocks, a strain hardening and softening constitutive model for hard brittle rocks is developed. First, the normalised hardening and softening factors are defined, which characterise the yield state of rock at the stages of pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening, respectively. Then, a unified strength parameter evolution model is established that can describe the nonlinear characteristics of cohesion and the internal friction angle under different confining pressures. Based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, a strain hardening and softening constitutive model is proposed. Finally, the proposed model was implemented in FLAC3D, and triaxial compression numerical tests of granite and diabase were conducted. The results show that the constitutive model can characterise the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the pre-peak hardening stage and post-peak softening stage of hard brittle rock. The model was also able to satisfactorily capture the transition from brittle failure to plastic failure for hard brittle rock under high confining pressures.

Needleman, A., S. B. Hutchens, N. Mohan, and J. R. Greer. "Deformation of plastically compressible hardening-softening-hardening solids." Acta Mechanica Sinica 28, no. 4 (August 2012): 1115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-012-0117-4.

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Du, Changbo, and Fu Yi. "Analysis of the Elastic-Plastic Theoretical Model of the Pull-Out Interface between Geosynthetics and Tailings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5680521.

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Aiming at the strain-hardening and strain-softening phenomena between geosynthetics and tailings during pull-out tests, bilinear and trilinear shear stress-displacement softening models were proposed. The pull-out process of the hardening reinforcement was divided into the elastic stage, elastic-hardening transition stage, and pure hardening stage. The pull-out process of the softened reinforcement was divided into the elastic stage, elastic-softening transition stage, pure softening stage, softening-residual transition stage, and pure residual stage. The expressions of the interface tension, shear stress, and displacement at the different stages under a pull-out load were derived through the interface basic control equation. At the same time, the evolution law of the interface shear stress at different pull-out stages was analysed, and the predicted results of the two elastic-plastic models were compared with the experimental results. The results show that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data, which verifies the validity of the proposed two elastic-plastic models for the progressive failure analysis of reinforcement at the pull-out interface. During the process of pull-out, the transition stage is not obvious. When the reinforcement is in the elastic stage, the nonlinearity and maximum value of the interface shear stress increase with an increase in the elastic shear stiffness, while the tensile stiffness shows the opposite trend. When the reinforcement is in the hardening or softening stage, the larger the hardening (softening) shear stiffness is, the larger the change range of shear stress is and the more obvious the hardening (softening) characteristics of the reinforcement are. The results comprehensively reflect the progressive failure of reinforcement-tailing interfaces with different strain types and provide theoretical support for the study of the interface characteristics of geosynthetic-reinforced tailings.

Xu, Zi-Han, Lin Zhan, Si-Yu Wang, Hui-Feng Xi, and Heng Xiao. "Realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects of metals over the finite strain range up to failure." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 17, no. 3 (August 21, 2020): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-05-2020-0099.

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PurposeA new approach is proposed toward accurately matching any given realistic hardening and softening data from uniaxial tensile test up to failure and moreover, toward bypassing usual tedious implicit trial-and-error iterative procedures in identifying numerous unknown parameters.Design/methodology/approachFinite strain response features of metals with realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects up to eventual failure are studied for the first time based on the self-consistent elastoplastic J2-flow model with the logarithmic stress rate. As contrasted with usual approximate and incomplete treatments merely considering certain particular types of hardening effects such as power type hardening, here a novel and explicit approach is proposed to obtain a complete form of the plastic-work-dependent yield strength over the whole hardening and softening range.FindingsA new multi-axial evolution equation for both hardening and softening effects is established in an explicit form. Complete results for the purpose of model validation and prediction are presented for the finite strain responses of monotonic uniaxial stretching up to failure.Originality/valueNew finite strain elastoplastic equations are established with a new history-dependent variable equivalently in place of the usual plastic work. With these equations, a unified and accurate simulation of both gardening and softening effects up to failure is achieved for the first time in an explicit sense without involving usual tedious implicit trial-and-error iterative procedures.

Huang, Kang, Wenbo Zhu, Xin Liu, Zhongyuan Yao, Yu Zhang, Shu Yan, Xiaojiang Guo, and Guoliang Dai. "Study on Cyclic Bearing Capacity of Suction Pile Based on Equivalent Cyclic Creep Model." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215152.

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In the process of cyclic loading, strain development not only presents the strain softening phenomenon, but also a strain hardening phenomenon, depending on the different values of static deflection stress. The strain hardening and strain softening characteristics of soft clay are studied by cyclic triaxial tests. The test results show that when the static deflection stress is zero, the value of cyclic cumulative strain is small, and the strain development presents the softening phenomenon. When the static deflection stress is greater than zero, the accumulation strain increases with increasing cyclic deflection stress, and the strain development present strain hardening phenomenon. Therefore, a strain softening index and strain hardening index were proposed to describe the cyclic characteristics of soil. Moreover, an equivalent cyclic creep model was established by considering the strain hardening index to describe cyclic characteristics of suction pile. The results obtained using the proposed method are in reasonably good agreement with the measured results. This can provide a new method for analyzing the cyclic characteristics of soil and the suction pile.

Qin, Ji Sheng, Bjørn Holmedal, and Oddsture Hopperstad. "Modelling of Strain-Path Transients in Commercially Pure Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.662.

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In the current work, the recently proposed homogeneous anisotropic hardening (HAH) model, featuring a distorted yield surface, is applied to commercially pure aluminium. A dislocation-based hardening rule is incorporated into the HAH model to describe the transient stagnation of the hardening rate during strain reversal. A cast and homogenized material with random texture previously investigated by Mánik et al. [1] is selected. The material is prestrained either by compression or rolling, and then tested in uniaxial tension to acquire either reverse softening or orthogonal hardening. The Bauschinger effect, the permanent softening during reverse loading and the hardening in the course of orthogonal loading are captured by the model. However, the permanent softening during orthogonal loading cannot be predicted, and the transient variations of the R-value predicted by the HAH model are neither in qualitative nor quantitative agreement with the experimental data.

Cohen, Joanna E., Paul W. McDonald, and Peter Selby. "Softening up on the hardening hypothesis." Tobacco Control 21, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050381.

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Darinskaya, E. V., E. A. Petrzhik, Yu M. Ivanov, S. A. Erofeeva, and M. R. Raukhman. "Magnetostimulated softening and hardening of semiconductors." physica status solidi (c) 2, no. 6 (April 2005): 1873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200460553.

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Cheng, Jiwen, Gang Song, Xiaosheng Zhang, Chunbai Liu, and Liming Liu. "Review of Techniques for Improvement of Softening Behavior of Age-Hardening Aluminum Alloy Welded Joints." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 5804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195804.

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The softening phenomenon of age-hardening aluminum alloy-welded joints is severe during conventional fusion welding, which increases the likelihood of stress and strain concentration in the joint during the period of service, significantly reduces the mechanical properties compared to the base metal, and represents an obstacle to the exploration of the potential structural performance. This review paper focuses on an overview of the softening phenomenon. Firstly, the welding softening mechanism and the characteristics of age-hardening aluminum alloys are clarified. Secondly, the current main research methods that can effectively improve joint softening are summarized into three categories: low-heat-input welding, externally assisted cooling during welding, and post-weld treatment. The strengthening mechanism and performance change rule of age-hardening aluminum alloy joints are systematically analyzed. Finally, this paper considers the future development trends of further research on joint softening, and it is expected that interest in this topic will increase.

Han, Sang Mook, Yi Hong Guo, Xiang Guo Wu, and Qing Yong Guo. "Numerical Simulation of Quasi-Brittle Fracture in UHPFRC I-Beam as a Linear Complementarity Problem." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.297.

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This paper presents a numerical simulation of quasi-brittle fracture in UHPFRC I-beam as a linear complementarity problem. Based on the investigation of Tin-Loi and Attard, the simulation of quasi-brittle fracture in concrete has been extended to model UHPFRC I-beam by including a tensile hardening. Fracture is simulated through a hardening-softening fracture constitutive law in tension and a softening fracture constitutive law in shear at the boundary nodes, with the material within the triangular unit remaining linear elastic. LCP is used to formulate the path-dependent hardening-softening behavior in non-holonomic rate form. The good matching of test results and numerical results indicates the effectivity of this method.

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Дисертації з теми "Hardening-Softening":

Mshana, S. J. "Rate-dependent constitutive equations of cyclic softening and hardening." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5422.

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Tahar, Benabdellah. "Câ†2 continuous hardening/softening elasto-plasticity model for concrete." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323061.

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Zeng, Xiaohui. "Modeling hardening and softening due to high-angle grain boundaries in crystalline solids /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985835710/04.

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Mesmar, Sultan. "On the use of viscosity as a regularisation technique for hardening/softening constitutive models." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341798.

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Li, Tianbai. "Stress integration strategies for a new hardening/softening elasto-plasticity model for structural concrete." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425181.

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Conca, Luca. "Mechanical properties of polymer glasses : Mechanical properties of polymer glasses." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1050/document.

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Ce manuscrit présente des récentes extensions au modèle PFVD, basé sur l'hétérogénéité de la dynamique des polymères vitreux à l'échelle de quelques nanomètres et résolu par simulation en 3D, afin de fournir une description physique unifiée des propriétés mécaniques et dynamiques des polymères vitreux soumis à déformation plastique. Trois sujets principaux sont traités : La plastification. Sous déformation, les polymères atteignent le seuil de plasticité (yield) à quelques pourcents de déformation et quelques dizaines de MPa. Nous proposons que l'énergie élastique absorbée à l'échelle des hétérogénéités dynamiques accélère la dynamique locale. On observe contraintes ultimes de quelques dizaines de MPa à quelques pourcents de déformation et que la plastification est due à un nombre relativement petit d'événements locaux. Il a été observé que la dynamique devient plus rapide et homogène dans le régime plastique et que la mobilité moyenne atteint une valeur stationnaire, linéaire avec le taux de déformation. Nous proposons que la contrainte locale stimule la diffusion de monomères des domaines lents à ceux rapides (mécanisme de facilitation) et accélère dynamique locale. Ceci permets d'observer l'homogénéisation de la dynamique, avec des caractéristiques proches de l'expérience. L'écrouissage, dans les polymères enchevêtrés ou réticulés. A grande déformation, la contrainte augmente avec une pente caractéristique d'ordre 10 – 100 MPa au-dessous de la transition vitreuse. De manière analogue à une théorie récente, nous proposons que la déformation locale oriente les monomères dans la direction d'étirage et ralentie la dynamique, suite à l'intensification des interactions locales. Les modules d'écrouissage mesurés, les effets de la réticulation et du taux de déformation sont comparables aux données expérimentales. En outre, on trouve que l'écrouissage a un effet stabilisateur sur les phénomènes de localisation et sur les bandes de cisaillement
This manuscript presents recent extensions to the PFVD model, based on the heterogeneity of theh dynamics of glassy polymers at the scale of a few nanometers et solved by 3D numerical simulation, which aim at providing a unified physical description of the mechanical and dynamical properties of glassy polymers during plastic deformation. Three main topics are treated: Plasticization. Under applied deformation, polymers undergo yield at strains of a few percent and stresses of some 10 MPa.We propose that the elastic energy stored at the scale of dynamical heterogeneities accelerates local dynamics. We observe yield stresses of a few 10 MPa are obtained at a few percent of deformation and that plastification is due to a relatively small amount of local yields. It has been observed that dynamics becomes faster and more homogeneous close to yield and that the average mobility attains a stationary value, linear with the strain rate. We propose that stress-induced acceleration of the dynamics enhances the diffusion of monomers from slow domains to fast ones (facilitation mechanism), accelerating local dynamics. This allows for obtaining the homogeneisation of the dynamics, with the same features observed during experiments. Strain-hardening, in highly entangled and cross-linked polymers. At large strain, stress increases with increasing strain, with a characteristic slope (hardening modulus) of order 10 – 100 MPa well below the glass transition. Analogously to a recent theory, we propose that local deformation orients monomers in the drawing direction and slows dows the dynamics, as a consequence of the intensification of local interactions. The hardening moduli mesured, the effect of reticulation and of strain rate are comparable with experimental data. In addition, strain-hardening is found to have a stabilizing effect over strain localization and shear banding

Kopūstienė, Diana. "Korozijai ir karščiui atsparaus plieno standaus apkrovimo ciklinių deformavimo parametrų nustatymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050613_191225-20900.

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It is impossible to improve the quality of the machines, to increase their reliability and lifetime if the working conditions and the properties of the material are not analyzed. We must know the type of the material (hardening, softening or cyclically stabile), what is chosen for the constructions in low cycle loading, because strain and stress change during the exploitation and depend on this type. If we know the type of the material, we can determine the possibility of its application in concrete exploitation conditions. Real working conditions of the most constructions are close to loading with limited strain (hard straining), because elastic and plastic deformation is met in the zones of crack and stress concentration, that are surrounded with elastically deformed material. The low cycle loading curves parameters A, and are used for the computation of elastic plastic strain curves. These parameters are obtained from the soft low cycle loading results in many cases. The other possible ways for the determination of parameters A, and are shown in this work. The most investigated materials had the initial instability in the interval . For more objective evaluation of stress strain curves parameters A, and , all values of width of hysteresis loop up to semicycle were rejected as insignificant in comparison with the rest lifetime in cycles range . The parameter for the evaluation of hardening (softening) intensity was determined, when the values of... [to full text]

Kpodekon, Crescent. "Effet du pré-écrouissage sur la durée de vie d'aciers austénitiques de type 304L." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581715.

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Le travail s'intéresse aux effets de l'histoire de chargement sur le comportement et la durée de vie en fatigue de deux nuances (THYSSEN et CLI)d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 304L à la température ambiante. Les essais ont été réalisés en utilisant deux catégories d'éprouvettes. Les éprouvettes de la première catégorie (vierges) ont été soumises à des essais classiques de fatigue,alors que celles de la deuxième ont subi, avant les essais de fatigue, un pré-écrouissage monotone ou cyclique en déformation imposée. Les éprouvettes vierges manifestent un adoucissement cyclique suivi d'un durcissement cyclique alors que les éprouvettes pré-écrouies ne présentent qu'un durcissement cyclique. Les résultats montrent une grande influence du pré-écrouissage qui semble bénéfique en contrainte imposée, mais néfaste en déformation imposée,même en présence d'une contrainte moyenne de compression. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes d'évolution cyclique du module d'élasticité, des écrouissages isotropes et cinématiques, et de la densité d'énergie absorbées par cycle, dans différentes configurations : avec ou sans pré-écrouissage, en contrainte ou déformation imposées...

Miyagi, Lowell. "Microstructures and Deformation in Some Fault Rocks From The McConnell Thrust at Mount Yamnuska (Alberta) : Implications for Fluid Flow and Faulting and Cycles of Strain-Hardening and Softening." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1411739220.

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Diao, Hui. "Deformation behaviours of coarse-grained and nanocrystalline Mg-5wt% Al alloys." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46870/1/Hui_Diao%27s_Thesis.pdf.

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Magnesium alloys have been of growing interest to various engineering applications, such as the automobile, aerospace, communication and computer industries due to their low density, high specific strength, good machineability and availability as compared with other structural materials. However, most Mg alloys suffer from poor plasticity due to their Hexagonal Close Packed structure. Grain refinement has been proved to be an effective method to enhance the strength and alter the ductility of the materials. Several methods have been proposed to produce materials with nanocrystalline grain structures. So far, most of the research work on nanocrystalline materials has been carried out on Face-Centered Cubic and Body-Centered Cubic metals. However, there has been little investigation of nanocrystalline Mg alloys. In this study, bulk coarse-grained and nanocrystalline Mg alloys were fabricated by a mechanical alloying method. The mixed powder of Mg chips and Al powder was mechanically milled under argon atmosphere for different durations of 0 hours (MA0), 10 hours (MA10), 20 hours (MA20), 30 hours (MA30) and 40 hours (MA40), followed by compaction and sintering. Then the sintered billets were hot-extruded into metallic rods with a 7 mm diameter. The obtained Mg alloys have a nominal composition of Mg–5wt% Al, with grain sizes ranging from 13 μm down to 50 nm, depending on the milling durations. The microstructure characterization and evolution after deformation were carried out by means of Optical microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopy and Neutron Diffraction techniques. Nanoindentaion, compression and micro-compression tests on micro-pillars were used to study the size effects on the mechanical behaviour of the Mg alloys. Two kinds of size effects on the mechanical behaviours and deformation mechanisms were investigated: grain size effect and sample size effect. The nanoindentation tests were composed of constant strain rate, constant loading rate and indentation creep tests. The normally reported indentation size effect in single crystal and coarse-grained crystals was observed in both the coarse-grained and nanocrystalline Mg alloys. Since the indentation size effect is correlated to the Geometrically Necessary Dislocations under the indenter to accommodate the plastic deformation, the good agreement between the experimental results and the Indentation Size Effect model indicated that, in the current nanocrystalline MA20 and MA30, the dislocation plasticity was still the dominant deformation mechanism. Significant hardness enhancement with decreasing grain size, down to 58 nm, was found in the nanocrystalline Mg alloys. Further reduction of grain size would lead to a drop in the hardness values. The failure of grain refinement strengthening with the relatively high strain rate sensitivity of nanocrystalline Mg alloys suggested a change in the deformation mechanism. Indentation creep tests showed that the stress exponent was dependent on the loading rate during the loading section of the indentation, which was related to the dislocation structures before the creep starts. The influence of grain size on the mechanical behaviour and strength of extruded coarse-grained and nanocrystalline Mg alloys were investigated using uniaxial compression tests. The macroscopic response of the Mg alloys transited from strain hardening to strain softening behaviour, with grain size reduced from 13 ìm to 50 nm. The strain hardening was related to the twinning induced hardening and dislocation hardening effect, while the strain softening was attributed to the localized deformation in the nanocrystalline grains. The tension–compression yield asymmetry was noticed in the nanocrystalline region, demonstrating the twinning effect in the ultra-fine-grained and nanocrystalline region. The relationship k tensions < k compression failed in the nanocrystalline Mg alloys; this was attributed to the twofold effect of grain size on twinning. The nanocrystalline Mg alloys were found to exhibit increased strain rate sensitivity with decreasing grain size, with strain rate ranging from 0.0001/s to 0.01/s. Strain rate sensitivity of coarse-grained MA0 was increased by more than 10 times in MA40. The Hall-Petch relationship broke down at a critical grain size in the nanocrystalline region. The breakdown of the Hall-Petch relationship and the increased strain rate sensitivity were due to the localized dislocation activities (generalization and annihilation at grain boundaries) and the more significant contribution from grain boundary mediated mechanisms. In the micro-compression tests, the sample size effects on the mechanical behaviours were studied on MA0, MA20 and MA40 micro-pillars. In contrast to the bulk samples under compression, the stress-strain curves of MA0 and MA20 micro-pillars were characterized with a number of discrete strain burst events separated by nearly elastic strain segments. Unlike MA0 and MA20, the stress-strain curves of MA40 micro-pillars were smooth, without obvious strain bursts. The deformation mechanisms of the MA0 and MA20 micro-pillars under micro-compression tests were considered to be initially dominated by deformation twinning, followed by dislocation mechanisms. For MA40 pillars, the deformation mechanisms were believed to be localized dislocation activities and grain boundary related mechanisms. The strain hardening behaviours of the micro-pillars suggested that the grain boundaries in the nanocrystalline micro-pillars would reduce the source (nucleation sources for twins/dislocations) starvation hardening effect. The power law relationship of the yield strength on pillar dimensions in MA0, MA20 supported the fact that the twinning mechanism was correlated to the pre-existing defects, which can promote the nucleation of the twins. Then, we provided a latitudinal comparison of the results and conclusions derived from the different techniques used for testing the coarse-grained and nanocrystalline Mg alloy; this helps to better understand the deformation mechanisms of the Mg alloys as a whole. At the end, we summarized the thesis and highlighted the conclusions, contributions, innovations and outcomes of the research. Finally, it outlined recommendations for future work.

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Частини книг з теми "Hardening-Softening":

Zhang, Zhongping. "Cyclic Hardening/Softening." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 687–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_245.

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Pelleg, Joshua. "Work Hardening (Softening)." In Structural Integrity, 245–322. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86118-6_9.

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Siddique, Abu Bakar, Tariq Khraishi, and Hojun Lim. "Dislocation Dipole Study on Material Hardening/Softening." In TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 507–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_46.

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Mashoof, S., and L. F. Boswell. "A Strain Hardening-Softening Constitutive Model for Concrete." In Computational Mechanics ’88, 487–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61381-4_119.

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Fukushima, Yoshihiro, Shoji Harada, and Yoshiaki Akiniwa. "Low-Cycle Fatigue of Cyclic Hardening and Softening Materials." In Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials—3, 576–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2860-5_93.

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Videm, Marianne, and Nils Ryum. "Cyclic Hardening and Softening of [001] Al Single Crystals." In Advances in Fatigue Science and Technology, 765–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2277-8_35.

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Jin, Miao, Lei Chen, Zongyuan Zou, Shuo Hao, Qun Li, and Shiyan Zhao. "Cyclic Hardening/Softening of a TRIP Duplex Stainless Steel." In Forming the Future, 1691–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_142.

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Neumeister, Jonas M. "Creep Rupture in Fibre Bundles with Hardening-Softening Fibre Material." In Creep in Structures, 409–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84455-3_48.

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Sethi, V. K., R. Gibala, and T. E. Mitchell. "Interstitial and Substitutional Solution Hardening and Softening in BCC Metals( + )." In Dislocations in Solids, 223–26. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070914-52.

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Zubizarreta, C., I. Arribas, S. Giménez, and I. Iturriza. "Softening-Hardening Mechanism in the Direct Hot-Extrusion of Aluminium Compacts." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 837–40. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.837.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Hardening-Softening":

Rajmeny, P. K., PK Jain, and Vakili Abouzar. "3D-Numerical simulation of a mine using cohesion-softening, friction-softening and hardening behavior." In Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rare-16.2016.2.

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Jin, Zhefei, and James P. Hambleton. "Simulation of the Cutting Process in Softening and Hardening Soils." In Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482124.002.

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Deng, J. W., and Z. You. "Semi-softening and hardening mechanical system for smart vibration generators." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Masayoshi Tomizuka. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.880405.

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"Deflection-Softening and Deflection-Hardening FRC Composites: Characterization and Modeling." In SP-248: Deflection and Stiffness Issues in FRC and Thin Structural Elements. American Concrete Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/19010.

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Lomov, Ilya N. "Explosion in the Granite Field: Hardening and Softening Behavior in Rocks." In Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001: 12th APS Topical Conference. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1483798.

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Kawanaka, Norita. "Origin of Spectral Hardening and Softening of Secondary Cosmic-Ray Nuclei." In 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0162.

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Wu, Haibin, Xudong Zheng, Yiyu Lin, Zhipeng Ma, and Zhonghe Jin. "Linear Parametric Amplification /Attenuation Without Spring Hardening /Softening Effect in MEMS Gyroscopes." In 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems46641.2020.9056177.

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"Robust cruise control of high speed train with hardening/softening nonlinear coupler." In Proceedings of the 1999 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1999.786346.

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Wang, X., and G. T. Zheng. "Hardening and Softening Characteristics of a Piecewise Linear Isolator Under 1G Gravity." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3734.

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The frequency responses of a piecewise isolator mounted on a moving flexible base are investigated. A procedure, which is based on Equivalent Linearization method and transfer function, is proposed to study this two-degrees-of freedom nonlinear system. The influence of 1G gravity on the nonlinearity of the system frequency responses is investigated and presented in detail. It is shown that the piecewise stiffness may demonstrate both hardening and softening properties due to different amplitude, clearance and gravity.

Alfahmi, Obaidullah, and Alper Erturk. "PROGRAMMABLE HARDENING, SOFTENING, AND ESSENTIALLY NONLINEAR SYNTHETIC INDUCTANCE-BASED PIEZOELECTRIC SHUNT CIRCUITS." In 10th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Smart Structures and Materials. Patras: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics University of Patras, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/150123.9774.445829.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Hardening-Softening":

Pike, L. M., C. T. Liu, I. M. Anderson, and Y. A. Chang. Solute hardening and softening effects in B2 nickel aluminides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/676873.

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Conrad, Hans, and Jay Narayan. Grain Size Hardening and Softening in Tungsten Carbide at Low Homologous Temperatures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422872.

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S.C. Hodge, J.M. Minicucci, and T.F. Trimble. Cyclic Material Properties Test to Determine Hardening/Softening Characteristics of HY-80 Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814789.

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Oliynyk, Kateryna, and Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.

Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.