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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 вересня 2022

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1

Recuero, A. "La domótica como medio para la vida independiente de discapacitados y personas de la tercera edad." Informes de la Construcción 50, no. 459 (February 28, 1999): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1999.v50.i459.831.

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2

Wang, Ching Sung, Chien Wei Liu, Teng Wei Wang, Chih Chung Chang, Jia He Lin, Wei Jie Lin, and Siang Jyun Jheng. "Controlling Power Switch System by P300 Visual Evoked Potential." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 2493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.2493.

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Because of crowed population, urban people live in a relatively narrower living environment. They currently set the electric socket at the corner of building, which may causes some using trouble especially for elders and disabler. Hence, we combining RF wireless transporting system with electric encephalon wave suggest a remote household electrical appliance controller aiding handicapped and senior to control every household electricity. It not only achieves carbon reduction, but also promotes community well-being.

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3

Hou, Ming Wei. "The Design of a New Type Oblique Suspended Elevator Platform." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.196.

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With the development of society, the services which the country supplied for the elderly and handicapped also continues to strengthen, and the oblique suspended elevator can solve the problem which the elder and handicapped walking up and down the stairs. This paper introduces the structure design project of an oblique suspended elevator platform, around the design and development of the whole platform, we make the structure design of the every part including the push device, and make the strength check of the key component.

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4

Yin, Zuozhong, Dianpeng Wang, and Jihong Liu. "A Method of Constructing Robotics Service Platform for Assisting Handicapped or Elderly People." Journal of Robotics 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4259175.

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In order to solve the problem of demand for large capacity storage and high-performance computing resource of intelligent robot navigation and demand-service matching in the field of assisting handicapped or elderly people, overcoming the limitations of carrying resources, the method of constructing robot service platform for assisting handicapped or elderly people (RSP-AHEP) was proposed based on cloud robotics technology. Firstly, the demand of assisting handicapped or elderly people and the corresponding robot service category was analyzed to assure relationship-matching subjects. Secondly, based on VMware and Hadoop cluster technology, the architecture of a three-layer robot service platform was designed, which were universal interface layer, resource service layer, and application layer. Complex computing tasks, such as the matching computing between robot service and demand of the handicapped or elderly people, and the robot path-planning service, were placed in the robot service platform with the advantages of storage and computing resources. Thirdly, the remote communication between the robot and the service platform was realized based on the ROS (Robot Operation System) technology; finally, the function experiments, which included the remote dispatch, path planning, and service response between the service platform and robot, were carried out in the simulation environment. The result verified the feasibility of the proposed method.

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5

Noel, Errol C., and Himmat S. Chadda. "Consolidating Elderly and Handicapped Transportation." Journal of Transportation Engineering 112, no. 2 (March 1986): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1986)112:2(131).

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6

Orłowski, Łukasz. "Głosowanie przez pełnomocnika jako gwarancja korzystania z czynnego prawa wyborczego przez osoby starsze i niepełnosprawne." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 26 (December 18, 2018): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.26.7.

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Voting by a proxy as a guarantee of exercising elderly and handicapped people active voting rights Voting by a proxy as one of the latest alternative of a Polish electoral law institution. In the article are discussed: the constitutional basis, an international law, a statutory basis, an international law basis, doctrinal disputes connected to the principle of universality and based on the voting secrecy and limitations of elderly or handicapped people for who voting by proxy is a solution. The present study includes propositions of changing the electoral code in the field of giving a power of attorney as a conditionality.

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7

Day, Kenneth. "Psychiatric Disorder in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Mentally Handicapped." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 6 (December 1985): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.6.660.

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In a study of 357 long-stay hospital residents aged 40 years and over, 30% had significant psychiatric disorder, while a retrospective survey of 215 new admissions over a seven-year period to a psychiatric unit for the mentally handicapped revealed that 20% of patients were aged 40 years and over. Both similarities and differences were found in the overall pattern of disorders between the two groups and a non-handicapped population in a comparable age-range.

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8

SPENCER, D. A. "THE ELDERLY MENTALLY HANDICAPPED IN HOSPITAL." Journal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality (APEX) 5, no. 4 (August 26, 2009): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1978.tb00340.x.

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9

Hatsukari, Takuro, Norihisa Miyase, Jun'ichi Higuchi, Yasuhisa Hirata, and Kazuhiro Kosuge. "Standing-Up Motion Support Device by Using Elbow Support Face to Adapt to Human Physical and Motion Characteristics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 6 (December 20, 2008): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0828.

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The standing-up support device with an elbow-support face we propose for elderly people and physically-handicapped persons, enables comfortable and stable posture changes based on physical and motion characteristics. Using electromyogram (EMG), posture holding moment (PHM), and subjective evaluation, we demonstrate its effectiveness.

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10

McDonald, Lynn, Dorothy Badry, and Christine Mueller. "The Elderly Physically and Developmentally Handicapped: An Analysis of Service Delivery." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 7, no. 2 (1988): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800007376.

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ABSTRACTIn view of the growing numbers of physically and developmentally handicapped older persons in Canada, this study attempts to determine the effects of basic client characteristics on the delivery of services to these groups. Using data from the 1984 Disability Information System of Calgary, a series of models are estimated which focus on the characteristics of age, gender, geographical location, and level of physical and cognitive functioning as determinants of the receipt or non-receipt of residential, professional, support and day program services. The results indicate that there is a weak relationship between age, gender and level of cognitive functioning and the overall receipt of services. However, when each service is analyzed separately, only day programs are adequately explained. As was anticipated, it appears the needs of the elderly handicapped are not being met within the rehabilitation service system.

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11

Samuelsson, Gillis, and Ove Dehlin. "Elderly handicapped persons in a primary care district." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 10, no. 3 (September 1987): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-198709000-00003.

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12

Grant, Gordon. "Elderly parents with handicapped children: Anticipating the future." Journal of Aging Studies 4, no. 4 (December 1990): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4065(90)90005-s.

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13

AL-Zahrani, A., and A. Abdulrahman. "Existing Mobility of Elderly & Handicapped Pilgrims During Haj." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (1993): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.5-1.9.

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14

DAY, K. A. "The elderly mentally handicapped in hospital: a clinical study." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 31, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1987.tb01350.x.

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15

MUROFUSHI, KIMIO. "A psychological problem of rehabilitation of handicapped elderly persons." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 19 (1991): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.19.10.

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16

Gray, Peter J. "The prevalence of Eye Disease in Elderly Bengalis in Tower Hamlets." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89, no. 1 (January 1996): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689608900107.

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Анотація:

The prevalence of eye disease and uncorrected refractive errors in a group of 167 elderly members of the Bangladeshi community which resides in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets was studied. Of the subjects screened 24.6% were found to have a significant and potentially treatable cause of visual loss and a further 32.3% were visually handicapped through the presence of uncorrected refractive errors. A high prevalence (53.3%) of cataract was found in the elderly Bengalis. The high prevalence of eye disease in this ethnic minority group, has important implications for health service planning.

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17

Agarwal, Ateev, Eesh Mehandiratta, Rohit Sanket, Rohit Samkaria, Tanisha Gupta, Rajesh Singh, and Anita Gehlot. "Smart Door Lock System for Elderly, Handicapped People Living Alone." International Journal of Smart Home 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2016.10.6.16.

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18

Crews, J. E., W. D. Frey, and P. E. Peterson. "Independent Living for the Handicapped Elderly Community: A National View." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 81, no. 7 (September 1987): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8708100710.

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The first national survey of state blind rehabilitation units provides baseline data regarding independent living services for older and multiply disabled blind persons. The paper examines history and existing services, and defines policy and planning concerns. Ninety-one percent of 53 states and territories responded to the survey, and the article reveals directions for public policy.

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19

Hewitt, K. E., M. E. Fenner, and D. Torpy. "COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIOURAL PRO FILES OF THE ELDERLY MENTALLY HANDICAPPED." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 30, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1986.tb01316.x.

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20

HASHINO, Satoshi, and Sho YAMADA. "701 Study on Ultrasonic Mouse for the elderly and handicapped." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2009 (2009): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2009.180.

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21

Ghazal, Bilal, and Khaled Al-Khatib. "Smart Home Automation System for Elderly, and Handicapped People using XBee." International Journal of Smart Home 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2015.9.4.21.

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22

Bowden, M. L., Sheryl T. Grant, Bethany Vogel, and Jai K. Prasad. "The elderly, disabled and handicapped adult burned through abuse and neglect." Burns 14, no. 6 (December 1988): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(88)80004-4.

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23

BALLINGER, BRIAN R. "The elderly mentally handicapped in the community and a psychiatric service." Journal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality (APEX) 7, no. 2 (August 26, 2009): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1979.tb00436.x.

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24

Walther, Erskine S. "Changing relationships in the financing of elderly and handicapped transportation services." Journal of Advanced Transportation 20, no. 2 (March 1986): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.5670200205.

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25

Calkins, Carl F., Winnie Dunn, and Phyllis Kultgen. "A Comparison of Preschool and Elderly Community Integration/Demonstration Projects at the University of Missouri Institute for Human Development." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 11, no. 4 (December 1986): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079698601100408.

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Анотація:

This article reviews two community integration projects at the University of Missouri-Kansas City Institute for Human Development which illustrate model development across the life-span. The preschool project is aimed at successfully mainstreaming preschoolers who are handicapped with their nonhandicapped peers through the use of trained volunteers. The elderly project is directed at increasing community integration of elderly persons with developmental disabilities by using nonhandicapped elderly volunteer companions. A description of each project, including project goals, methods, and preliminary results is provided to develop a frame of reference for a comparative discussion of the strengths, weaknesses, and outcomes in these community-based demonstration projects. Three common variables are discussed: use of trained volunteers, changes in attitudes and knowledge by nonhandicapped volunteers, and measured outcomes for clients. The costs and benefits of model development are summarized.

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26

Kohen, D., G. Mathew, and L. Fernando. "Survey of psychotropic medication: usage in a large mental handicap hospital." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 3 (March 1993): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.3.137.

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The populations in the large mental handicap hospitals are known to be diverse, ranging from elderly non-psychiatric residential groups to acutely psychotic and behaviourally disturbed patients. At present demographic variables, medical and psychiatric characteristics of populations in these hospitals are changing in parallel with implementation of community care and resettlement programmes. In resettlement programmes, discharge priorities have been given to the easy to manage and less dependent residents while new challenging behavioural units and admission assessment wards are being opened to care for the multi-handicapped population.

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27

Horrocks, Peter. "The Role of the Health Advisory Service in Psychiatry." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 10, no. 6 (June 1986): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.10.6.145.

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The climate in 1969, in which the HAS was created, was one of increasing anxiety and embarrassment about the quality of long term care being offered to elderly, mentally ill and mentally handicapped patients in England and Wales. The need for a body to advise the Secretary of State, independently of the Department of Health and Social Security, was recognised and, with the wise guidance of Dr Alex Baker, the concept of multidisciplinary review by professional colleagues was established. Both these important principles have been maintained and stoutly defended by subsequent Directors, including myself.

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28

Shah, A. "Difficulties in the Diagnosis of Mental Illness in Elderly Mentally Handicapped Patients." Australian Journal on Ageing 13, no. 3 (August 1994): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.1994.tb01082.x.

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29

Murugadhas, Dr Jehan, Ms Al-Ghaliya Mohammed Al-Aamri, and Ms Marya Sulaiman Al-Sabahi. "Smart Home Automation System For Elderly And Handicapped People Using Mobile Phone." International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications 12, no. 04 (2021): 4616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35444/ijana.2021.12401.

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30

Hashino, Satoshi. "Development of Stair-climbing Wheelchair." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 6 (December 20, 2002): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0524.

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Construction of barrier free society is desired especially for elderly and handicapped who need to use wheelchair in daily life. Stair climbing is the hardest barrier for those people. Supply of stair lift method is contribution to provide joy and satisfaction in life of those people. By using our developed crawl-type mechanism on powered wheelchair, they can easily and effectively climb up and down stairs. These system are composed of two subsystems, a few reformed powered wheelchair, drive guide and traction guide attached to stair wall. Presented system is cost effective compared with other existing methods such as elevators, escalators and conventional stair lifts.

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31

ASAI, KUMIKO. "Development of input interface for the elderly and the handicapped using fixation point." Journal of Life Support Engineering 10, no. 2 (1998): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.10.61.

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32

Inoue, Kaoru, Yuko Ito, Atsuko Tanimura, Keisuke Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Takafumi Terada, and Takashi Komeda. "Reaction Time Measurement of Simple Driving Simulator for Eldely People and Handicapped Persons." Journal of Life Support Engineering 17, Supplement (2005): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.17.supplement_91.

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33

Kim, Hu-Seop, He-Su Song, and Seul Jung. "Design and Control of a Wheel-Chair Robot for Handicapped or Elderly Persons." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2011.17.7.668.

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34

Zhang, Xin, Jiehao Li, Ke Fan, Ziyang Chen, Zhenhuan Hu, and Yu Yu. "Neural Approximation Enhanced Predictive Tracking Control of a Novel Designed Four-Wheeled Rollator." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010125.

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In the past few decades, the research of assistant mobile rollators for the elderly has attracted more and more investigation attention. In order to satisfy the needs of older people or disabled patients, this paper develops a neural approximation based predictive tracking control scheme to improve and support the handicapped through the novel four-wheeled rollator. Firstly, considering the industrial product theory, a novel Kano-TRIZ-QFD engineering design approach is presented to optimize the mechanical structure combined with humanistic care. At the same time, in order to achieve a stable trajectory tracking control for the assistant rollator system, a neural approximation enhanced predictive tracking control is discussed. Finally, autonomous tracking mobility of the presented control scheme has received sufficient advantage performance in position and heading angle variations under the external uncertainties. As the market for the medical device of the elderly rollators continues to progress, the method discussed in this article will attract more investigation and industry concerns.

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35

Kiernan, Kathleen E. "Who Remains Celibate?" Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 3 (July 1988): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000006593.

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SummaryWho are the men and women who are single in their mid-30s? This study, which uses life history data for a British cohort born in 1946, shows that an important minority are ‘handicapped’ and these adults are cared for primarily by their families, in particular by elderly parents. Celibates tend to be more introverted, ambitious and to have older marrying parents than their ever-married peers. Single women differ from single men. The women are more likely to be of higher ability, to be graduates and to be in high status occupations whilst single men are more likely to be members of the lowest social class or unemployed. The great majority of single people live either with their parents or on their own.

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36

Holloway, Frank. "Caring for People: a critical review of British Government policy for the community care of the mentally ill." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 11 (November 1990): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.11.641.

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The development of ‘community care’ for the elderly, mentally ill, mentally handicapped and physically disabled has been Government policy in Britain since the 1950s. Problems with implementation of this policy led the Audit Commission (1986) to conclude that “the one option that is not tenable is to do nothing about present financial, organisational and staffing arrangements”. Sir Roy Griffiths was commissioned to review “the way funds are used to support community care policy …”. Radical solutions were proposed and subsequently incorporated in the Government White Paper Caring for People (Department of Health, 1989a). However, two very significant measures were not accepted: the ‘ring-fencing’ of community care monies and the creation of a ministerial post within the Department of Health with specific responsibility for community care.

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37

Giansanti, Daniele. "The Social Robot in Rehabilitation and Assistance: What Is the Future?" Healthcare 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030244.

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This commentary aims to address the field of social robots both in terms of the global situation and research perspectives. It has four polarities. First, it revisits the evolutions in robotics, which, starting from collaborative robotics, has led to the diffusion of social robots. Second, it illustrates the main fields in the employment of social robots in rehabilitation and assistance in the elderly and handicapped and in further emerging sectors. Third, it takes a look at the future directions of the research development both in terms of clinical and technological aspects. Fourth, it discusses the opportunities and limits, starting from the development and clinical use of social robots during the COVID-19 pandemic to the increase of ethical discussion on their use.

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38

Bien, Z. Z., K. H. Park, J. W. Jung, and J. H. Do. "Intention Reading is Essential in Human-Friendly Interfaces for the Elderly and the Handicapped." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52, no. 6 (December 2005): 1500–1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2005.858734.

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39

Teunisse, Robert J., Johan R. Cruysberg, Willibrord H. Hoefnagels, Yolanda Kuin, Andre L. Verbeek, and Frans G. Zitman. "Social and psychological characteristics of elderly visually handicapped patients with the Charles Bonnet Syndrome." Comprehensive Psychiatry 40, no. 4 (July 1999): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90133-5.

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40

Harrison, A., R. Huggett, C. J. Watson, and C. B. Beck. "A survey of complete denture prosthetics for the elderly, the handicapped and difficult patients." British Dental Journal 172, no. 2 (January 1992): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807746.

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41

Galbraith, B. R. "A survey of complete denture prosthetics for the elderly, the handicapped and difficult patients'." British Dental Journal 172, no. 4 (February 1992): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807803.

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42

Roh, Seung Hyun, Cheong Seok Kim, and Jeongran Kwak. "The Effects of Digital Competence and Digital Assistance on Social Capital and Mediating Effects of Mobile Device Use of Adults with Physical Disabilities: Multi-group Comparison Analysis of the Elderly and Young Adults." Korean Society for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.16884/jrr.2022.26.2.55.

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Анотація:

This research examined whether and how the digital competence and digital assistance of adults with physical disabilities affect their social capital with a special focus on the role of mobile device use as its medium. A group comparison study was conducted between the elderly and young adults since that the above process would be different for these two age groups of the physically handicapped. The subjects of analysis were 1232 adults with physical disabilities, which were extracted from the respondents of the 2020 Information Gap Survey. First, according to the structural equation model analysis, the bridging social capital of adults with disabilities was directly affected by their Internet use ability and digital assistance, but also indirectly affected through the use of mobile information. The multi-group comparison model analysis revealed that the effect of digital assistance on the use of mobile information and the effect of the Internet use ability on bridging social capital were significantly greater for the elderly thatn for the young. These results suggest that informatization education for the physically disabled should consider the characteristics of the elderly with disabilities. This study emphasizes the need to help the local community digitally to promote the use of mobile information by people with physical disabilities, while considering strategies that can enhance the bridging social capital of the elderly with physical disabilities.

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43

Klimek, Marek. "Funkcjonowanie jednostek samorządu terytorialnego podczas pandemii COVID-19." Studia Politologiczne, no. 2/2022(64) (June 15, 2022): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2022.64.6.

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The article highlights the role of the Polish local authorities in counteracting the COVID-19 pandemic as well as minimising its impact. As a local level decentralised public administration, self-government becomes responsible for meeting the local communities needs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the activities of local authorities were focused mainly on supporting: 1. health system; 2. local entrepreneurs; 3. social assistance institutions; 4. the most vulnerable citizens (the elderly, the sick, the handicapped, isolated or quarantined individuals). The main problem faced by local authorities was the need to increase the aid expenditure and the reduction of their revenue sources (especially their own revenue) at the same time. Despite all difficulties, local authorities have an understandable role to play in combating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Lieff, Jonathan D. "High Technology and Psychiatric Care of the Elderly." International Psychogeriatrics 1, no. 1 (March 1989): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610289000086.

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The dramatic explosion of scientific information, as well as the development of computerized devices in medicine, will continue to change both the diagnosis and treatment of the elderly as it changes our entire culture. There are many technological forces now combining to push the frontiers of knowledge about the brain to new levels. This article outlines these new scientific and technological frontiers in psychiatric diagnosis including: diagnostic imaging, computer EEG, and psychiatric evaluation; treatment including health-related computerized aids, computerized psychopharmacology, neuropsychiatric training for handicapped and brain-injured, and chronic care; and medical education. This article discusses some of the issues that arise due to these new developments. Computers have multiplied the kinds of questions that can be meaningfully asked. In this way, the advent of the computer has opened the minds of many researchers to new frontiers. An important question is, “What will the psychiatric ‘state of the art’ be in a technological age?” Other issues include confidentiality with new devices, use of high technology to define malpractice liability, the lack of professional standards in software, the resistance of medical profession to computers, and the increased ability to misuse statistics. Geriatric psychiatrists must take an active role in planning the future impact of high technology in our field.

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45

Meyerowitz, C. "Geriatric Dentistry and Prevention: Research and Public Policy (Reaction Paper)." Advances in Dental Research 5, no. 1 (December 1991): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374910050011201.

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The population of older adults is heterogeneous and can be divided into many subgroups: the young-old, the old-old, the healthy, the sick, the frail, the mentally and physically handicapped, the ambulatory, the chair-bound, house-bound or institution-bound, and the economically advantaged and disadvantaged. This diversity is extremely important to the discussion of the oral health needs, preventive health strategies, and research agenda for the elderly. As life expectancy increases, more attention is being paid to disease prevention so that the quality of life in old age can be improved. However, the link among oral health, systemic disease, and quality of life in the elderly needs to be better-defined. There is some evidence in the literature that indicates that coronal and root caries appear to be major health problems for the elderly. This needs to be corroborated in longitudinal studies. Although periodontal disease prevalence and severity are high in some subgroups of the elderly, these appear to be in decline in the general population. Dental health-care workers must be cognizant of the oral conditions associated with systemic disease and the use of medication, a major concern in older adults. Prevention of oral disease in the elderly requires early intervention, education of the dental health team, and innovative uses of well-established preventive agents such as fluoride. An extensive research effort is needed to answer basic and applied questions regarding the oral health needs of the elderly. Federal and private funding will be necessary. The dental profession will have to demonstrate and be persuasive that money spent on research and care for the elderly is money well spent.

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46

Matsunaga, Kazuto, Satoru Yanagisawa, Tomohiro Ichikawa, Kazuhito Ueshima, Keiichirou Akamatsu, Tsunahiko Hirano, Masanori Nakanishi, Toshiyuki Yamagata, Yoshiaki Minakata, and Masakazu Ichinose. "Two Cases of Asthma in Handicapped Elderly Persons in Which Assisted Inhalation Therapy Was Effective." Allergology International 55, no. 3 (2006): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2332/allergolint.55.347.

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47

Lorentsen, O. "Engineering Challenges for Providing Independent Living for Handicapped and Elderly People : Perspectives from Nothern Europe." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 96, no. 898 (1993): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.96.898_813.

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48

Busby, Françoise. "A Nation-Wide Elder and Handicapped Abuse Help-Line Network—Call Us and Stamp Out Abuse Now." Ageing International 35, no. 3 (September 2010): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-010-9069-9.

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49

Takama, Yasufumi, Hiroki Namba, Yoshihiro Iwase, Yuki Muto, and Shunichi Hattori. "Concept of Humatronics and its Application to Human-Robot Communication Support Under TV Watching Environment." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 12, no. 6 (November 20, 2008): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2008.p0494.

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In recent years, various systems based on electronics, such as cars, computers and robots have been getting into our daily life. Unfortunately, asymmetrical relationship exists between human and such systems, imposing burdens especially on elderly or handicapped persons. In order to solve various problems for balancing such asymmetrical relationship, humatronics is proposed. Main purpose of humatronics is to establish the symmetric interaction between human and electronic systems by giving the systems the capability of understanding humans. Another important factor for humatronics is computer networks, over which the systems can share knowledge, information, and experiences. This paper introduces the concept of humatronics and its future direction. A prototype of partner robot system, called HuRoC, is also proposed as an application of humatronics concept. It is expected that the concept of humatronics will progress the related research fields by bringing a new viewpoint.

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50

Arber, Sara, and Jay Ginn. "Gender Differences in the Relationship between Paid Employment and Informal Care." Work, Employment and Society 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095001709593002.

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This paper analyses the circumstances under which providing informal care has an adverse impact on paid employment, using data from the 1990 General Household Survey which identified 2,700 informal carers. The relationship between informal caring and employment participation is complex and differs by gender and marital status. Paid employment is lowered for adults providing care within their household. The effect is greater for women than for men, and varies with the closeness of the kin relationship between carer and care-recipient. Women caring for a handicapped child are least likely to be in full-time work. Care for a spouse depresses both men's and women's employment. The effect of caring for a co-resident parent is least for married men and greatest for married women. The assumption that women's increased labour force participation will reduce their availability as informal carers for elderly parents is largely unfounded. This care is mainly for elderly parents living in another household, and is associated with reduced hours of employment but not lower overall rates of employment. The norm of combining paid work and informal caring results in very high total hours of informal and paid work.

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