Статті в журналах: "Habitat reconstruction"

1

Miles, J., and G. P. Buckley. "Biological Habitat Reconstruction." Journal of Applied Ecology 27, no. 2 (August 1990): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404322.

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2

O'Riordan, Timothy. "Biological habitat reconstruction." Land Use Policy 7, no. 3 (July 1990): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(90)90040-6.

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3

Fukunaga, Atsuko, John Burns, Brianna Craig, and Randall Kosaki. "Integrating Three-Dimensional Benthic Habitat Characterization Techniques into Ecological Monitoring of Coral Reefs." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020027.

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Long-term ecological monitoring of reef fish populations often requires the simultaneous collection of data on benthic habitats in order to account for the effects of these variables on fish assemblage structure. Here, we described an approach to benthic surveys that uses photogrammetric techniques to facilitate the extraction of quantitative metrics for characterization of benthic habitats from the resulting three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of coral reefs. Out of 92 sites surveyed in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, photographs from 85 sites achieved complete alignment and successfully produced 3D reconstructions and digital elevation models (DEMs). Habitat metrics extracted from the DEMs were generally correlated with one another, with the exception of curvature measures, indicating that complexity and curvature measures should be treated separately when quantifying the habitat structure. Fractal dimension D64, calculated by changing resolutions of the DEMs from 1 cm to 64 cm, had the best correlations with other habitat metrics. Fractal dimension was also less affected by changes in orientations of the models compared to surface complexity or slope. These results showed that fractal dimension can be used as a single measure of complexity for the characterization of coral reef habitats. Further investigations into metrics for 3D characterization of habitats should consider relevant spatial scales and focus on obtaining variables that can complement fractal dimension in the characterization of reef habitats.

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4

Jordan, William R. "First Habitat Reconstruction Meeting in England." Ecological Restoration 6, no. 2 (1988): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.6.2.63.

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5

Huang, W. P., C. Y. Ku, L. K. Chien, and C. J. Ye. "Hydraulic Simulation of Waterbird Habitat Reconstruction." E3S Web of Conferences 101 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910104001.

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Cigu wetland consists of industrial salt ponds and lagoon is situated at the coast in the southwestern of Taiwan which is demarcated as Coastal Nature Reserve. The salt ponds experienced declines in bird species diversity and population compared with those within the lagoon area due to the deeper water depths. Different kinds of measures to alter water depths of salt ponds by filling soil are proposed. The hydrodynamic simulations were conducted for studying the hydrodynamic response to proposed reconstruction alternatives. The potential waterbird abundance was then estimated for the alternative recommendation. The methodology proposed in this study can reduce the risk of unexpected results by implementing the reconstruction project directly.

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6

Barr, W. Andrew, and Maryse Biernat. "Mammal functional diversity and habitat heterogeneity: Implications for hominin habitat reconstruction." Journal of Human Evolution 146 (September 2020): 102853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102853.

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7

Zachar, Zalán, Gergely Pápay, Péter Csontos, Gábor Szabó, Zita Zimmermann, Dénes Saláta, Szilárd Szentes, Ferenc Pajor, Márta Fuchs, and Károly Penksza. "The Effects of Different Management Methods on Restored Grasslands in Potential Temperate Forest Zones." Diversity 14, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070551.

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The European temperate forest zone has great importance, in terms of maintaining the habitats of not only forests but also anthropogenous grasslands, which were formed as a result of habitat reconstruction. These habitats have great importance, by means of nature conservation, landscape use, economy, and forest and grassland use. The mosaic-like habitat complexes that consist of these grasslands and forest patches help to increase biodiversity and supply the habitat for forest game. In this survey, changes in the vegetation of the temperate forests (Fagetum) of the Mátra Mountains of Hungary were investigated after reconstruction. In 2012, shrub cutting was carried out in the area of Parádóhuta, and then three different management methods (abandoning, mowing, and grazing) were utilized. Our goals were the following: to perform a vegetation survey of the sample areas (i); surveying the natural regeneration of the grassland and analyzing its biodiversity, nature conservation, and economical value (ii); and analyzing the vegetation in terms of nature conservation and valuing its life form spectrum, economy values, and livestock-feeding ability (iii). According to our results, systematic mowing and a less-intensive grazing had a significantly positive effect on biodiversity and the coverage of species, thus increasing the naturalness of the studied grassland habitats, while wild game were able to act as ecological engineers.

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8

Fablet, Ronan, Françoise Daverat, and Hélène De Pontual. "Unsupervised Bayesian reconstruction of individual life histories from otolith signatures: case study of Sr:Ca transects of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) otoliths." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-173.

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The reconstruction of individual life histories from chemical otolith measures is stated as an unsupervised signal-processing issue embedded in a Bayesian framework. This computational methodology was applied to a set of 192 European eel (Anguilla anguilla) otoliths. It provided a robust and unsupervised analysis of the individual chronologies of habitat use (either river, estuary, or coastal) from Sr:Ca measures acquired along an otolith growth axis. Links between Sr:Ca values and habitat, age, and season and the likelihood of the transitions from one habitat type to another were modelled. Major movement characteristics such as age at transition between habitats and time spent in each habitat were estimated. As a straightforward output, an unsupervised classification of habitat use patterns showed great variability. Using a hidden Markov model, 37 patterns of habitat use were found, with 20 different patterns accounting for 90% of the sample. In accordance with literature, residence behaviour was observed (28% of the eels). However, about 72% changed habitat once or several times, mainly before age 4. The potential application of this method to any other measures taken along an otolith growth axis to reconstruct individual chronologies gives a new insight in life history tactics analysis.

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9

Chen, Ted Yu Shen. "Habitat for Humanity's Post-Tsunami Housing Reconstruction Approaches in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701503300106.

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This paper investigates the housing reconstruction approaches of Habitat for Humanity, a Christian international NGO, in Sri Lanka following the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It analyses how Habitat's housing approaches are informed by their religious values, principles of internationally-recognised best practice, and reactions to the broader ‘Buddhist’ and anti-Christian proselytisation politics of Sri Lanka. While much of Habitat's work in housing reconstruction saw it essentially operate as a housing contractor for the government of Sri Lanka and other donors, the projects that lay closer to its philosophical core sought to engage with processes of owner-driven reconstruction, currently recognized as reconstruction best practice. Owner-driven reconstruction informs Habitat's approach to and endorsement of homeowner participation in their housing reconstruction projects. However, Habitat's version of participation differs from international standards as Habitat's reconstruction approaches rework best practice principles for religious ends. This combination has the effect of reducing suspicion of proselytisation, which was a major concern in Sri Lanka during the reconstruction process, while at the same time allowing Habitat to enact its Christian values. As a religious NGO, Habitat therefore adopts multiple reconstruction approaches in order to practice its Christian convictions within a hostile religious-political environment.

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10

Bäuerle, Heidi, and Arne Nothdurft. "Spatial modeling of habitat trees based on line transect sampling and point pattern reconstruction." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 4 (April 2011): 715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-004.

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An approach is presented for the spatial modeling of rare habitat trees surveyed by line transect sampling (LTS) in a protected area of the European Natura 2000 network. The observed tree pattern is defined as a realization of a thinned point process where the thinning can be modeled by a parametric detection function. A complete pattern is reconstructed using an optimization algorithm. The start configuration contains detected tree locations and randomly generated tree positions. Empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDFs) for intertree and location-to-tree distances estimated from the original LTS are set as target characteristics. The same ECDFs are estimated by means of virtual LTS in the reconstruction. Tree positions are relocated during the optimization. The sum of squared deviations between the ECDFs from the original LTS and the virtual LTS in the reconstruction is considered as a contrast measure. A new configuration is accepted if the contrast is lowered compared with the previous state. The nonparametrically reconstructed habitat tree patterns are described by a log Gaussian Cox process model. Evaluations by means of line transect resamplings in a complete habitat pattern show small deviations between the second-order functional characteristics obtained from the true pattern and their analogs derived from the reconstructions.

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11

Sheina, Svetlana G., and Karina V. Yudina. "Development Technique of Urban-Environmental Passport of the Reconstruction Territory." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.822.

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The article deals with the issues of information support for the implementation of comprehensive improvement of built-up areas. As one of the effective means the authors propose the development of a urban-environmental passport of the reconstruction territory, containing all the necessary information about the town-planning characteristics of the territory and its geological and ecological status. The authors also propose the technique of calculating the habitat quality index, which is an integrated assessment of the urban environment ecological state over the entire set of environmental parameters. On the basis of the data contained in the urban-environmental passport of the territory, as well as the results of the habitat quality index calculation, the optimal set of urban-environmental measures to improve the quality of the habitat could be chosen. The proposed technique for calculating the habitat quality index and development of an urban-environmental passport are universal and easily adaptable for any municipality.

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12

Sulistiyo, Andwi. "Ecological Awareness Reconstruction in Kuntowijoyo’s Novel Mantra Pejinak Ular." Jurnal Poetika 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v8i2.59809.

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Environmental issues have become a topic of discussion in the last few decades. Kuntowijoyo, a well-known novelist in Indonesia, also pays serious attention to the environmental issues through his literary works. This study uses a critical discourse analysis method with an ecocritical approach to reveal and explain the forms of ecological awareness reconstruction which are contained in Kuntowijoyo's novel Mantra Pejinak Ular. The results are as follows. Reconstructions are carried out from a perspective, a way of behaving, a mode of transportation, a model of recreation, and an investment model towards the environment. (1) The reconstruction of the perspective is carried out by rebuilding human consciousness to build harmony with nature. (2) The reconstruction of how to behave is carried out by prioritizing actions to preserve nature. (3) The reconstruction of transportation mode is carried out by warding off the bad social stigma of natural transportation modes. (4) The reconstruction of the recreation model is carried out by enjoying the beauty of animals without cutting them off from their original habitat. (5) The reconstruction of the investment model is carried out by applying an investment model with an ecological perspective that prioritizes environmental sustainability as a legacy for future generations.

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13

Saiya, Halvina Grasela, and Cornelis Johannes Heij. "Conservation management rules for reconstructing Moluccan Scrubfowl (Eulipoa wallacei) egg-laying habitats." Ornis Hungarica 29, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2021-0004.

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Abstract This research focused on the efforts of indigenous people invested into the reconstruction of damaged Moluccan Scrubfowl (Eulipoa wallacei) egg-laying habitats, as well as, on the ways how the current conditions of the landscapes are conserved by indigenous people. This is a qualitative and quantitative study that used a combination of observation and interview methods. We also used descriptive analysis and spatial analysis including remote sensing techniques. The results showed that the abrasion process that destroyed the Moluccan Scrubfowl egg-laying habitat left a remaining sandbar with an area of 1,161 m2, or about 17% of the area of the initial sandbar. Even though the habitat has not fully recovered, Moluccan Scrubfowls still lay their eggs there. The details of the reconstruction activities carried out by indigenous people are as follows: making embankments, adding sand to the eroded area, replanting supporting coastal vegetation, and making breeding sites. In addition, efforts were also made to restore the surrounding support areas that were also damaged. The activities carried out were as follows: replantation of coral reefs, turtle breeding, nurseries and mangrove planting, nurseries of other plant species such as cloves and nutmegs, picking up trash along the coast, and early education for children in how to be environmentally conscious.

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14

Schellhorn, Rico, and Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner. "Analyzing ungulate long bones as a tool for habitat reconstruction." Mammal Research 60, no. 2 (February 12, 2015): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-015-0218-0.

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15

Burns, J. H. R., and D. Delparte. "COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION PHOTOGRAMMETY SOFTWARE USED FOR UNDERWATER THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF CORAL REEF ENVIRONMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-127-2017.

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Structural complexity in ecosystems creates an assortment of microhabitat types and has been shown to support greater diversity and abundance of associated organisms. The 3D structure of an environment also directly affects important ecological parameters such as habitat provisioning and light availability and can therefore strongly influence ecosystem function. Coral reefs are architecturally complex 3D habitats, whose structure is intrinsically linked to the ecosystem biodiversity, productivity, and function. The field of coral ecology has, however, been primarily limited to using 2-dimensional (2D) planar survey techniques for studying the physical structure of reefs. This conventional approach fails to capture or quantify the intricate structural complexity of corals that influences habitat facilitation and biodiversity. A 3-dimensional (3D) approach can obtain accurate measurements of architectural complexity, topography, rugosity, volume, and other structural characteristics that affect biodiversity and abundance of reef organisms. Structurefrom- Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is an emerging computer vision technology that provides a simple and cost-effective method for 3D reconstruction of natural environments. SfM has been used in several studies to investigate the relationship between habitat complexity and ecological processes in coral reef ecosystems. This study compared two commercial SfM software packages, Agisoft Photoscan Pro and Pix4Dmapper Pro 3.1, in order to assess the cpaability and spatial accuracy of these programs for conducting 3D modeling of coral reef habitats at three spatial scales.

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16

Bănăduc, Doru, Răzvan Voicu, and Angela Curtean-Bănăduc. "Sediments as Factor in the Fate of the Threatened Endemic Fish Species Romanichthys Valsanicola Dumitrescu, Bănărescu and Stoica, 1957 (Vâlsan River Basin, Danube Basin)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 22, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2020-0008.

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Abstract The main emphasis of this paper is on the negative effects of sedimentation on the most highly endangered fish of Europe Romanichthys valsanicola and the habitats of its main trophic resource Rhithrogena semicolorata. Some inexpensive and easy-to-implement solutions are identified and proposed (dam reservoir related recommendations for basin sediments management, forestry related recommendations for sediment basin management, basin sediments general management recommendations, riverbed ecological reconstruction approach proposal, etc.) in the paper with the same conservative purpose for Romanichthys valsanicola species in the actual situation of habitat loss and drastic regress of this globaly-unique fish population.

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17

Radomska, М. М., and K. V. Zhurbas. "The applied issues of habitats fragmentation mitigation for the projects of infrastructure development." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 28, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/40280605.

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A transport network is an artificial component of the human environment, which causes a range of negative impacts on other living organisms, including violation of animal habitats integrity. Ability to move in search of food, shelter or mating, is negatively limited by obstacles that isolate the habitat. The term "habitat fragmentation" includes breaking habitat into several smaller patches, reduction in the total area of the habitat, decrease of the interior/edge ratio, and isolation of one habitat fragment from others. Consequently, roads divide habitats and create barriers that impede wildlife mobility, increasing instances of wildlife-vehicle collisions, which put both people and non-human animals at risk; landscape fragmentation can also result in genetic isolation, putting some species of wildlife at long term risk of extinction. Secondary effects from infrastructure development are further emergence of human settlements or industrial development, which put people and their activity closer to wildlife. In order to reduce the negative impacts of roads, the measures that directly reduce fragmentation by providing links between habitats, namely wildlife crossing structures or fauna passages should be implemented. The pilot area at the highway M-03 from Poltava to Kharkiv between 341 and 472 km planned for reconstruction under the World Bank project was analyzed based on spatial ecosystem approach to define the points of increased concern for the protection of habitats. Mitigation measures, in particular fauna passages, are necessary as the given road bisects important elements of eco-network: Galytsko-Slobozhansky natural latitudinal corridor and Vorskla regional eco-corridor. Five sites were chosen on the territory to provide wildlife mobility improvement with the help of such crossing structures, as landscape bridge, river crossing, joint-use underpass, underpass for small- and medium-sized animals, and multi-use overpass. The selection of the most appropriate type of fauna passage was based on the analysis of landscape structure, type of habitats affected and target species (their living needs, behaviour and preferred moving media). The suggested scheme of wildlife crossings is provided with recommendations on the design of the offered structures, their dimensions, construction materials and elements, as well as details about model target species and their nature conservation status. The cost of the project is supposed to be acceptable as it basically involves transformation of the existing infrastructure elements.

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18

Scott, Robert S., and W. Andrew Barr. "Ecomorphology and phylogenetic risk: Implications for habitat reconstruction using fossil bovids." Journal of Human Evolution 73 (August 2014): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.023.

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19

Hoeksema, Bert W. "Evolutionary trends in onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae)." Contributions to Zoology 81, no. 4 (December 5, 2012): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08104002.

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A phylogenetically based comparative analysis of onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) was made to reconstruct an evolutionary scenario for differentiation in fungiid shelf habitats. This phyloecological study integrates data on fungiid distribution patterns along environmental gradients on the Spermonde Shelf, SW Sulawesi, with a recently published phylogeny reconstruction of the Fungiidae. A mushroom coral fauna of 34 species was used to compare their distributions by use of 50-m2 belt quadrats in transects (1) from the mainland to the shelf edge, (2) around reefs with regard to predominant wind directions, and (3) over bathymetrical reef zones. Species association ordinations were made for each of the four shelf zones using both abundance and incidence data to examine whether closely related species cooccurred. Some closely related species or even sister species appeared to show very similar distribution patterns and to coexist in high abundances. These results indicate that there may not be community saturation and competitive exclusion among mushroom corals species, most of which are free-living. In reconstructions of fungiid habitat evolution, offshore reef slopes appear to be original (ancestral), whereas onshore habitats, shallow reef flats, and deep sandy reef bases seem to be derived. The latter is in contrast with an earlier hypothesis, in which deep sandy substrates were considered ancestral mushroom coral habitats.

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20

Farji-Brener, Alejandro G., Luciana Elizalde, Hermógenes Fernández-Marín, and Sabrina Amador-Vargas. "Social life and sanitary risks: evolutionary and current ecological conditions determine waste management in leaf-cutting ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1831 (May 25, 2016): 20160625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0625.

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Adequate waste management is vital for the success of social life, because waste accumulation increases sanitary risks in dense societies. We explored why different leaf-cutting ants (LCA) species locate their waste in internal nest chambers or external piles, including ecological context and accounting for phylogenetic relations. We propose that waste location depends on whether the environmental conditions enhance or reduce the risk of infection. We obtained the geographical range, habitat and refuse location of LCA from published literature, and experimentally determined whether pathogens on ant waste survived to the high soil temperatures typical of xeric habitats. The habitat of the LCA determined waste location after phylogenetic correction: species with external waste piles mainly occur in xeric environments, whereas those with internal waste chambers mainly inhabit more humid habitats. The ancestral reconstruction suggests that dumping waste externally is less derived than digging waste nest chambers. Empirical results showed that high soil surface temperatures reduce pathogen prevalence from LCA waste. We proposed that LCA living in environments unfavourable for pathogens (i.e. xeric habitats) avoid digging costs by dumping the refuse above ground. Conversely, in environments suitable for pathogens, LCA species prevent the spread of diseases by storing waste underground, presumably, a behaviour that contributed to the colonization of humid habitats. These results highlight the adaptation of organisms to the hygienic challenges of social living, and illustrate how sanitary behaviours can result from a combination of evolutionary history and current environmental conditions.

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21

Fukunaga, Atsuko, John H. R. Burns, Kailey H. Pascoe, and Randall K. Kosaki. "Associations between Benthic Cover and Habitat Complexity Metrics Obtained from 3D Reconstruction of Coral Reefs at Different Resolutions." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12061011.

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Quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) habitat structure of coral reefs is an important aspect of coral reef monitoring, as habitat architecture affects the abundance and diversity of reef organisms. Here, we used photogrammetric techniques to generate 3D reconstructions of coral reefs and examined relationships between benthic cover and various habitat metrics obtained at six different resolutions of raster cells, ranging from 1 to 32 cm. For metrics of 3D structural complexity, fractal dimension, which utilizes information on 3D surface areas obtained at different resolutions, and vector ruggedness measure (VRM) obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution correlated well with benthic cover, with a relatively large amount of variability in these metrics being explained by the proportions of corals and crustose coralline algae. Curvature measures were, on the other hand, correlated with branching and mounding coral cover when obtained at 1-cm resolution, but the amount of variability explained by benthic cover was generally very low when obtained at all other resolutions. These results show that either fractal dimension or VRM obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution, along with curvature obtained at 1-cm resolution, can effectively capture the 3D habitat structure provided by specific benthic organisms.

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22

Tomita, Taketeru, and Tatsuo Oji. "Habitat Reconstruction of Oligocene Elasmobranchs from Yamaga Formation, Ashiya Group, Western Japan." Paleontological Research 14, no. 1 (April 2010): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/1342-8144-14.1.069.

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23

Martin, Warren K., Melissa Eyears-Chaddock, Brian R. Wilson, and John Lemon. "The value of habitat reconstruction to birds at Gunnedah, New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 104, no. 2 (June 2004): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu02053.

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24

Steinhardt, J., C. Cléroux, L. de Nooijer, G. J. Brummer, R. Zahn, G. Ganssen та G. J. Reichart. "Reconciling single chamber Mg/Ca with whole test δ18O in surface to deep dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the Mozambique Channel". Biogeosciences Discussions 11, № 12 (12 грудня 2014): 17255–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-17255-2014.

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Abstract. Most planktonic foraminifera migrate vertically through the water column during life, meeting a range of depth-related conditions as they grow and calcify. For reconstructing past ocean conditions from geochemical signals recorded in their shells it is therefore necessary to know vertical habitat preferences. Species with a shallow habitat and limited vertical migration will reflect conditions of the surface mixed layer and short- and meso-scale (i.e. seasonal) perturbations therein. Species spanning a wider range of depth habitats, however, will contain a more heterogeneous, intra-specimen variability (i.g. Mg/Ca and δ18O), which is less for species calcifying below the seasonal mixed layer (SML). Here we present results on single-chamber Mg/Ca combined with single shell δ18O and δ13C of surface water Globigerinoides ruber, the thermocline-dwelling Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and the deep dweller Globorotalia scitula from the Mozambique Channel. Species-specific Mg/Ca, δ13C and δ18O data combined with a depth-resolved mass balance model confirm distinctive migration and calcification patterns for each species as a function of hydrography. Whereas single specimen δ18O not always reveal changes in depth habitat related to hydrography (i.g. temperature), measured Mg/Ca of the last chambers can only be explained by active migration in response to changes in temperature stratification. Since species show different responses to changes in hydrography, their shell chemistry can be used to reconstruct different components of the past ocean climate system such as seasonality and depth stratification. Here we present combined single-specimen δ18O and single-chamber Mg/Ca measurements for different species, providing a composite of thermocline and sub-thermocline conditions. These results allow for species-specific reconstruction of calcification depths, using a mass balance model, of four species of planktonic foraminifera. This shows that the single chamber Mg/Ca and single test δ18O are in agreement with each other and in line with the changes in hydrography induced by eddies. Whereas single chamber Mg/Ca are most affected eddy frequency, seasonality is reflected more clearly in single test δ18O.

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25

Rossi, P., S. Righi, L. Parente, C. Castagnetti, S. Cattini, G. Di Loro, E. Falvo, et al. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND FLUORESCENCE SOLUTIONS FOR MONITORING OF HABITAT FORMING ORGANISMS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-877-2022.

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Abstract. The development and testing of innovative technologies and automated data analysis methodologies offer tools for the monitoring of complex marine ecosystems and the direct and indirect effects of climate change on natural heritage. Photogrammetric methods allow precise mapping of the underwater landscape as well as detailed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of marine structures, improving the study of complex marine ecosystems. Moreover, fluorescence analyses can provide critical information about the health status of marine organisms. Analysing the variations in their self-fluorescence, allow for early detect changes in their physiological state. These applications provide very useful data to evaluate the health state of biodiversity-rich 3D biogenic structures and make measurements of fine-scale changes, with greater precision than existing methodologies. This contribution shows a multidisciplinary approach to the design, development, and implementation of a technological solution based on the above-mentioned optical measuring systems. Such a system is characterized by a reflex camera, LED-based light sources, and filters to allow the analysis of the self-fluorescence signal. The proposed solution aspires to improve the standardization of monitoring plans through non-destructive fine-scale accurate data collection for image analysis and multi-temporal comparisons, providing challenging stepping-stones for habitat-forming anthozoan management and restoration activities. Initial results of tests carried out in controlled conditions are shown. The photogrammetric approach resulted in 3D reconstructions that allow the monitoring of deformations at millimetre scale. The fluorimetry methodology allowed to obtain high-resolution images with great repeatability, which enabled the identification of stressful status even in absence of geometric deformations. The proposed approaches and obtained results are discussed, together with potential issues related to their implementation in a real-world context adopting remotely operative vehicles.

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Wang, Hanlin, Huayu Lu, Hongyan Zhang, Shuangwen Yi, Yao Gu, and Chenghong Liang. "Grass habitat analysis and phytolith-based quantitative reconstruction of Asian monsoon climate change in the sand-loess transitional zone, northern China." Quaternary Research 92, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.32.

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AbstractWe investigated climate niches of grasses at regional scales and quantitatively reconstruct Asian monsoon precipitation at the sand-loess transitional zone in northern China. Our results provide direct evidence that certain grass lineages have been specialized in specific habitats: Pooideae grasses stand out and occupy a much cooler environment than all other subfamilies; Pooideae, Aristidoideae, and Chloridoieae occupy dry environments. Pooideae grasses occupy the coldest and driest environments compared to all other subfamilies, with a mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) of ~13.6 to ~15.3°C and 224 to ~1674 mm, respectively, at a regional scale. We built a database for grasses and their corresponding climate parameters. Based on this database, past climate parameters at the margin of the Asian summer monsoon since ~70 ka were quantitatively reconstructed by phytolith assemblages. They show that this area was dominated by cold- and dry-adapted grasses since ~70 ka with a MAT and MAP of ~3.3 to ~11.0 °C and ~442 to ~900 mm, respectively, generally consistent with the results of phytolith-based transfer function reconstructions and with the results of previous nearby pollen-based quantitative reconstructions. With the improvement of the species-climate and ecosystem dataset, our database-based method is a promising quantitative reconstruction approach to past climatic change in the monsoon region.

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Prasad, S., and K. Anupama. "Light microscopic studies on pollen grains of selected Cyperaceae species from southern Tamil Nadu, India: Relevance in Holocene sediment studies." Journal of Palaeosciences 57, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2008): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.240.

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Seven species of Cyperaceae have been selected for quantitative pollen morphological studies through light microscopy as a practical application in the reconstruction of Late Holocene vegetation. Such a study has been taken up because this large family has so far been referred to as one pollen type by the palynologists most of whom have attributed wet lands/marsh lands as the habitat of the members. Though most of the members are found in wet lands, some are found in drier habitats also, making it essential that this family be sub-classified, for which a preliminary attempt has been made in this paper in the study area in southern Tamil Nadu, India, that offers a diversity of habitats. The species chosen are Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Kunth ex Clarke, Cyperus compressus Linn., C. rotundus Linn., Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl., F. ovata (Burm. f.) Kern, Kyllinga bulbosa Beauv. and Scirpus articulatus Linn. Two subtypes were identified among these seven species, with Fimbristylis having distinctive pollen morphological characters.

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Guan, Biing T., William E. Wright, Li-Hsueh Chiang, and Edward R. Cook. "A dry season streamflow reconstruction of the critically endangered Formosan landlocked salmon habitat." Dendrochronologia 52 (December 2018): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2018.10.008.

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BROWN, K. J., and G. B. PASTERNACK. "A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to aid in the restoration of floodplain and wetland habitat on an upper deltaic plain, California, USA." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290500216x.

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While tens of millions of dollars have been spent on land acquisition and planning for current and future floodplain and wetland restoration in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, knowledge of the historical processes and landscape heterogeneity that are helpful in guiding the environmental restoration are often scarce. This study used palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to increase the historical perspective, with the aim of improving environmental management. Twelve sediment cores collected from the McCormack-Williamson Tract (MWT) leveed farmland and the juxtaposed Delta Meadows (DM) tidal wetland were sampled for a suite of environmental proxies. MWT was a non-tidal flood plain during much of the late-Holocene, with a mosaic of other habitats including dry uplands, riparian forests, and freshwater wetlands persisting nearby. Comparison with the regional sea-level history suggests that the upper delta gradually came under tidal influence 3000–800 calendar years before present (cal BP). Despite this, floodplain landforms and habitats prevailed at DM from 3650–330 cal BP, after which wetlands expanded, suggesting that a flood-based disturbance regime typified the upper delta for most of the late-Holocene. Recently, the upper deltaic plain has been profoundly disturbed by agriculture and other activities, rendering significant loss of habitat. It is believed that a flood-based disturbance regime will recur at MWT if the levees surrounding the tract are intentionally breached as planned for restoration, culminating in a variety of habitats similar to pre-agricultural conditions. Concentrations of Hg, Pb, As, and P pollutants elevated several-fold in surficial sediments are of particular concern, potentially becoming problematic after restoration.

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Weibel, Amy C., and William S. Moore. "Plumage Convergence in Picoides Woodpeckers Based on a Molecular Phylogeny, With Emphasis on Convergence in Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers." Condor 107, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.797.

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AbstractAdult and juvenile plumage characters were traced onto a well-resolved molecular based phylogeny for Picoides woodpeckers, and a simple phylogenetic test of homology, parallelism, and convergence of plumage characters was performed. Reconstruction of ancestral character states revealed multiple events of independent evolution of derived character states in most characters studied, and a concentrated changes test revealed that some plumage characters evolved in association with habitat type. For example, there was a statistically significant association between loss of dorsal barring and use of densely vegetated habitats among Picoides species. Two analyses indicated that convergence, as opposed to parallel evolution or shared ancestry, underlies the similarity in plumage patterns between the Downy (Picoides pubescens) and Hairy (P. villosus) Woodpeckers. Possible causal explanations for convergence in plumage patterns may include mimicry and interspecific territoriality.

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Hoeksema, Bert W., Sancia E. T. Van der Meij, and Charles H. J. M. Fransen. "The mushroom coral as a habitat." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 4 (September 23, 2011): 647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411001445.

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The evolution of symbiotic relationships involving reef corals has had much impact on tropical marine biodiversity. Because of their endosymbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) corals can grow fast in tropical shallow seas where they form reefs that supply food, substrate and shelter for other organisms. Many coral symbionts are host-specific, depending on particular coral species for their existence. Some of these animals have become popular objects for underwater photographers and aquarists, whereas others are hardly noticed or considered pests. Loss of a single coral host species also leads to the disappearance of some of its associated fauna. In the present study we show which mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) are known to act as hosts for other organisms, such as acoel flatworms, copepods, barnacles, gall crabs, pontoniine shrimps, mytilid bivalves, epitoniid snails, coralliophilid snails, fish and certain types of zooxanthellae. Several of these associated organisms appear to be host-specific whereas other species are generalists and not even necessarily restricted to fungiid hosts.Heliofungia actiniformisis one of the most hospitable coral species known with a recorded associated fauna consisting of at least 23 species. The availability of a phylogeny reconstruction of the Fungiidae enables comparisons of closely related species of mushroom corals regarding their associated fauna. Application of a phylogenetic ecological analysis indicates that the presence or absence of associated organisms is evolutionarily derived or habitat-induced. Some associations appear to be restricted to certain evolutionary lineages within the Fungiidae, whereas the absence of associated species may be determined by ecomorphological traits of the host corals, such as coral dimensions (coral diameter and thickness) and polyp shape (tentacle size).

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Hafner, David J. "North American Pika (Ochotona princeps) as a Late Quaternary Biogeographic Indicator Species." Quaternary Research 39, no. 3 (May 1993): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1044.

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AbstractReevaluation of Quaternary sites of fossil pika (Ochotona) lends no support for the inference that Nearctic pikas were not restricted to rocky habitat. The saxicolous nature of all widespread, isolated populations of extant Nearctic pikas and their closest Palearctic sister taxa support consideration of O. princeps, and perhaps all Nearctic Quaternary Ochotona , as indicators of cool, mesic, rocky situations. As indicators of rocky microhabitat, fossil remains of O. princeps do not require that the entire region was cool and mesic, but only that suitable rocky microhabitat existed in the vicinity. Use of fossil pika dung alone as indicative of pikas in the immediate community is suspect, as the small, round, and buoyant pellets may be transported downslope by hydraulic flushing of talus habitat. Current local elevational lower limits (E) of appropriate habitat for paleoecological reconstruction at extralimital fossil sites are predicted by the equation: E(m) = 14087 - (56.6)°N - (82.9)°W.

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Anand, Mona Chhabra, Thitiphon Sinsupan, Sisira Madurapperuma, and Vijayaraghavan M. Chariar. "Learning from Habitat Reconstruction Initiatives—New Approach for Reducing Vulnerability of Rural Housing in India." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074359.

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Post-disaster reconstruction offers an opportunity to address some of the fundamental causes of vulnerability that are an inherent part of mainstream housing processes located at the intersectionality of sectoral interdependencies. Well-designed initiatives in the aftermath of a disaster can help displaced populations enter a positive cycle of resilience-building using new approaches. This paper draws from a recent field study to examine the reasons for the poor performance of existing housing stock in the face of disasters and presents a chain of graded causal factors that contribute to their vulnerability. Specifically, in the context of rural housing, the paper looks at three case studies of innovative habitat reconstruction initiatives undertaken in the aftermath of major disasters in India and analyses them for their impact on building the resilience of displaced communities. The study highlights that in order to address the various causes of vulnerability of rural housing, it is important to leverage the existing connections between different dimensions of habitat development, including access to finance, choice of appropriate materials, skill-building, and safe construction methods. This is at the core of the ethos of “building back better.”

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GRISMER, L. LEE, ATTAPOL RUJIRAWAN, KORKHWAN TERMPRAYOON, NATEE AMPAI, SIRIPORN YODTHONG, PERRY L. JR WOOD, JAMIE R. OAKS, and ANCHALEE AOWPHOL. "A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata; Gekkonidae) from the Thai Highlands with a discussion on the evolution of habitat preference." Zootaxa 4852, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.1.

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A new gekkonid lizard, Cyrtodactylus maelanoi sp. nov., from Mae Hong Son Province of the Thai Highlands is described using an integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, color pattern, and the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and its flanking tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses place the new species within clade 1 of the C. sinyineensis group and as the sister species to C. inthanon with an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 3.9%. Collection data gathered in the field indicate that C. maelanoi sp. nov. is a habitat generalist. Reconstruction of the ancestral habitat preference for the C. sinyineensis group by way of stochasitc character mapping (SCM) indicates that karstic environments were the ancestral condition out of which the general habitat preference of the ancestor of C. maelanoi sp. nov. and C. inthanon and that of C. amphipetreaus and C. doisuthep evolved three times independently. Additionally, SCM demonstrated that the evolution of a granitic habitat preference from a karst-adapted ancestor happened in C. aequalis. The discovery of a new upland species in the Thai Highlands brings into focus the understudied nature of the mountain systems of western Thailand and the need for their continued exploration and conservation.

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Razak, Hazirah, and László Kocsis. "Late Miocene Otodus (Megaselachus) megalodon from Brunei Darussalam: Body length estimation and habitat reconstruction." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 288, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0743.

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Klein, Richard G., Robert G. Franciscus, and Teresa E. Steele. "Morphometric identification of bovid metapodials to genus and implications for taxon-free habitat reconstruction." Journal of Archaeological Science 37, no. 2 (February 2010): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.001.

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37

Ni, Zhen, Xiumin Yan, Liang Chang, Xin Sun, Donghui Wu, and Bing Zhang. "Habitat preferences rather than morphological traits affect the recovery process of Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) on a bare saline–alkaline land." PeerJ 8 (July 21, 2020): e9519. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9519.

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The Songnen Plain of China was once an important grassland used for sheep grazing, but it has largely been degraded to bare saline-alkaline land (BSAL). BSAL consists of plant-free areas characterized by high soil pH values (up to 10) and salt and alkali (e.g., Na+ and Ca2+) contents, as well as low soil organic matter and water contents; thus, very few soil faunal species can survive on BSAL. The recovery of degraded ecosystems provides a great opportunity to investigate the reconstruction of belowground soil faunal communities. Collembola are a class of widespread and abundant soil fauna that can colonize this harsh environment. Habitat changes on BSAL promote aboveground revegetation, which greatly facilitates the recovery of Collembola. A soil transfer experiment on the BSAL of the Songnen Plain was conducted to study the effects of habitat and Collembola morphological traits on the recovery process of Collembola. Defaunated and with-fauna soil blocks were transferred among three habitats: BSAL, reclaimed arable land, and naturally revegetated grassland. The recovered Collembola in the transferred soil blocks were compared two, seven, and 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. The results showed that (1) the majority of the Collembola, regardless of their morphological traits, recovered in the defaunated soil blocks within 2 weeks; (2) generalists and habitat-preferring species recovered faster than specialists; (3) the average total abundance, species richness, and community composition of Collembola recovered to the natural levels in 2 weeks; and (4) 12 weeks after replacement, the highest average total abundance and species richness of Collembola were found in the arable land. Our results indicate that the majority of Collembola in this study, regardless of their dispersal type, which is related to their morphological traits, are fast dispersers, and their recovery speeds are mainly affected by habitat preferences. We suggest that the reclamation of BSAL to arable land rather than its natural recovery to grassland aids in the recovery of Collembola in degraded grassland systems.

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Tao, Hui, Zhihui Huang, and Feixiao Ran. "Rural Tourism Spatial Reconstruction Model from the Perspective of ATV: A Case Study of Mufu Township, Hubei Province, China." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082675.

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This research argues that rural tourism areas can be divided into three kinds of spatial organizations, i.e., attractions (A), towns (T) and villages (V), and aims to address the increasingly serious problems of rural spatial disorders and ecological damage in the tourism-oriented urbanization process in China. It extracts the common features of the five spatial patterns based on ATV spatial benefit trade-offs and proposes a single-kernel spatial reconstruction model. The model emphasizes the moderate concentration of space utility and considers towns as the suppliers of tourism-supporting facilities, which prevents negative impacts arising from decentralized development. In addition, tourist attractions and villages are arranged by category, so as to protect the quality of the overall habitat. Taking Mufu Township as an example, the paper demonstrates the optimal reconstruction of ATV space and displays the effectiveness of spatial reconstruction in Mufu Township since 2009. Mufu Township has been rejuvenated. The single-kernel spatial reconstruction model not only builds the space management platform for Mufu Township, but also provides an operable theoretical basis for the reconstruction of new rural tourism spaces and offers the possibility of developing Chinese rural areas sustainably.

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Teske, Peter R. "Mitochondrial genome announcements need to consider existing short sequences from closely related species to prevent taxonomic errors." Conservation Genetics Resources 13, no. 3 (May 21, 2021): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-021-01214-7.

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AbstractThe reconstruction of complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) has considerable potential to clarify species relationships in cases where morphological analysis and DNA sequencing of individual genes are inconclusive. However, the trend to use only mitogenomes for the phylogenies presented in mitogenome announcements carries the inherent risk that the study species’ taxonomy is incorrect because no mitogenomes have yet been reconstructed for its sister species. Here, I illustrate this problem using the mitogenomes of two seahorses, Hippocampus capensis and H. queenslandicus. Both specimens used for mitogenome reconstruction originated from traditional Chinese medicine markets rather than native habitats. Although mitogenome phylogenies placed these specimens correctly among the seahorses from which mitogenomes were available at the time, incorporating single-marker sequence from closely related species into the phylogenies revealed that both mitogenomes are problematic. The mitogenome of the endemic South African H. capensis did not cluster among single-marker DNA sequences of seahorses from the species’ native habitat, but among sequences submitted under the names H. casscsio, H. fuscus and H. kuda that originated from all over the Indo-Pacific, including China. Phylogenetic placement of the mitogenome of H. queenslandicus within a cluster of seahorses that also included H. spinosissimus confirms an earlier finding that H. queenslandicus is a synonym of H. spinosissimus, a widespread Indo-Pacific species that also occurs in China. It is recommended that mitogenome announcements incorporate available single-marker sequences of closely related species, not only mitogenomes. The reconstruction of mitogenomes can exacerbate taxonomic confusion if existing information is ignored.

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Lohmann, G., M. Pfeiffer, T. Laepple, G. Leduc, and J. H. Kim. "A model–data comparison of the Holocene global sea surface temperature evolution." Climate of the Past 9, no. 4 (August 6, 2013): 1807–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1807-2013.

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Abstract. We compare the ocean temperature evolution of the Holocene as simulated by climate models and reconstructed from marine temperature proxies. We use transient simulations from a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model, as well as an ensemble of time slice simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project. The general pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) in the models shows a high-latitude cooling and a low-latitude warming. The proxy dataset comprises a global compilation of marine alkenone- and Mg/Ca-derived SST estimates. Independently of the choice of the climate model, we observe significant mismatches between modelled and estimated SST amplitudes in the trends for the last 6000 yr. Alkenone-based SST records show a similar pattern as the simulated annual mean SSTs, but the simulated SST trends underestimate the alkenone-based SST trends by a factor of two to five. For Mg/Ca, no significant relationship between model simulations and proxy reconstructions can be detected. We test if such discrepancies can be caused by too simplistic interpretations of the proxy data. We explore whether consideration of different growing seasons and depth habitats of the planktonic organisms used for temperature reconstruction could lead to a better agreement of model results with proxy data on a regional scale. The extent to which temporal shifts in growing season or vertical shifts in depth habitat can reduce model–data misfits is determined. We find that invoking shifts in the living season and habitat depth can remove some of the model–data discrepancies in SST trends. Regardless whether such adjustments in the environmental parameters during the Holocene are realistic, they indicate that when modelled temperature trends are set up to allow drastic shifts in the ecological behaviour of planktonic organisms, they do not capture the full range of reconstructed SST trends. Results indicate that modelled and reconstructed temperature trends are to a large degree only qualitatively comparable, thus providing a challenge for the interpretation of proxy data as well as the model sensitivity to orbital forcing.

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Vilo, Claudia, Qunfeng Dong, Alexandra Galetovic, and Benito Gómez-Silva. "Metagenome-Assembled Genome of Cyanocohniella sp. LLY from the Cyanosphere of Llayta, an Edible Andean Cyanobacterial Macrocolony." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081517.

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Cyanobacterial macrocolonies known as Llayta are found in Andean wetlands and have been consumed since pre-Columbian times in South America. Macrocolonies of filamentous cyanobacteria are niches for colonization by other microorganisms. However, the microbiome of edible Llayta has not been explored. Based on a culture-independent approach, we report the presence, identification, and metagenomic genome reconstruction of Cyanocohniella sp. LLY associated to Llayta trichomes. The assembled genome of strain LLY is now available for further inquiries and may be instrumental for taxonomic advances concerning this genus. All known members of the Cyanocohniella genus have been isolated from salty European habitats. A biogeographic gap for the Cyanocohniella genus is partially filled by the existence of strain LLY in Andes Mountains wetlands in South America as a new habitat. This is the first genome available for members of this genus. Genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism are described, providing new insights regarding the putative metabolic capabilities of Cyanocohniella sp. LLY.

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Leichliter, Jennifer, Paul Sandberg, Benjamin Passey, Daryl Codron, Nico L. Avenant, Oliver C. C. Paine, Jacqueline Codron, Darryl de Ruiter, and Matt Sponheimer. "Stable carbon isotope ecology of small mammals from the Sterkfontein Valley: Implications for habitat reconstruction." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 485 (November 2017): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.06.003.

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Plummer, Thomas W., Laura C. Bishop, and Fritz Hertel. "Habitat preference of extant African bovids based on astragalus morphology: operationalizing ecomorphology for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction." Journal of Archaeological Science 35, no. 11 (November 2008): 3016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.06.015.

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Hunter, Robert D., Edward F. Roseman, Nicholas M. Sard, Robin L. DeBruyne, Jinliang Wang, and Kim T. Scribner. "Genetic Family Reconstruction Characterizes Lake Sturgeon Use of Newly Constructed Spawning Habitat and Larval Dispersal." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 149, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10225.

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45

Ahmed, Iftekhar, and Esther Charlesworth. "Editorial: Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities." Open House International 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0001.

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Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities. A house is often the most valuable economic and social asset in most communities and its primary function is to provide a safe and secure habitat for its inhabitants. In many disasters, not only rapid onset events such as earthquakes and storms, where housing is usually the most visible component that is damaged or lost, but also in slow onset disasters such as floods and bushfires, people are often forced to abandon their homes. Displacement or loss of housing makes people vulnerable to possible aftershocks, as well as to the climate – rain, snow, heat, etc – thus compounding the effects of the disaster, and significantly impacting household and community health; therefore it is important to safeguard people from these disaster risks through adequate and resilient housing. This has been emphasised in a number of disasters and housing related publications (see for example ADPC, 2002; Coburn et al, 1995; HFHA, undated; IFRC, 2011; Seraj and Ahmed, 2004; UNNATI, 2006).

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46

Hadarics, Tibor. "New species in the Hungarian avifauna in 2016." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0017.

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Abstract Two new species appeared in the Hungarian avifauna in 2016: the Rock Pipit and the Yellow-billed Loon. The Rock Pipit was trapped and ringed in the habitat reconstruction area (Borsodi-dűlő) near Fertőújlak on 10th October. The Yellow-billed Loon was seen and photographed on the Lake Balaton at Balatonföldvár, Szántód and Zamárdi on 3–13th December. The number of bird species which occurred in Hungary has risen to 414 with the occurrences of these species.

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Pogorzelec, Magdalena. "Salix lapponum L. (Downy willow) in stands under anthropopressure in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland." Acta Agrobotanica 63, no. 1 (2012): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.006.

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The studies carried out in the years 2004-2005 and in 2009 were aimed at identifying the functioning conditions of a boreal plant relict, Salix lapponum, in its stands under anthropopressure in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland. The study results confirmed that the number of S. lapponum stands on Lake Miejskie and on Cow Marsh and its population size had significantly decreased as well as the population condition had deteriorated during the last 50 years. Based on the results of an analysis of environmental (biocenotic and abiotic) factors it was found that changes in habitat conditions in its stands were the main threat for downy willow. Another cause of population decline and the deteriorated condition of downy willow individuals may be the habitat isolation. The observed intraspecific phenomena, i.e. the lack of flowering in individuals and the lack of downy willow seedlings could be the reason for insufficient reproduction efficiency, ipso facto, the weaker adaptation of individuals to changes in habitat condition. Therefore, it seems that it is necessary to pursue active species conservation and protection which should primarily involve population reconstruction - restitution.

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Li, Junyi, Hao Du, Jinming Wu, Hui Zhang, Li Shen, and Qiwei Wei. "Foundation and Prospects of Wild Population Reconstruction of Acipenser dabryanus." Fishes 6, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040055.

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Acipenser dabryanus is an endemic fish inhabiting the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. It is classified as a first-class nationally protected animal in China and is listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Critically Endangered Species (CR). Recently, there has been a decrease in natural reproduction of A. dabryanus, and the wild population is almost extinct. This paper summarizes the changes observed in the natural population of A.dabryanus and the factors leading to its endangerment. Based on the process of artificial propagation and achievement of relevant protection goals, this paper presents the concept and technical framework for reconstruction of the wild population of A. dabryanus. In addition, by comprehensively reviewing the research findings and existing problems in the resource protection and monitoring of A. dabryanus in recent years, we assessed the possibility of wild population reconstruction and resource restoration for A. dabryanus. Reconstruction and restoration measures for the wild population of A. dabryanus are proposed, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the reconstruction of the natural population and the improvement and restoration of critical habitat of this species. Furthermore, it is hoped that this paper will serve as a reference for the protection and restoration of other endangered fishes.

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Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn, Dimitar Serbezov, Arthur Bass, Louis Bernatchez, Esben Moland Olsen, and Annette Taugbøl. "Small-scale dispersal and population structure in stream-living brown trout (Salmo trutta) inferred by mark–recapture, pedigree reconstruction, and population genetics." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 9 (September 2012): 1513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-073.

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Many animals move among habitats, and even small-scale dispersal of individuals between habitat patches may have strong implications for population dynamics and structure. Here, we use long-term mark–recapture data combined with extensive genotyping and parentage assignment to investigate the importance of small-scale location change of resident brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in a small stream (1500 m). During the first summer, juvenile fish dispersed downstream (mean displacement 200 m), with smaller juveniles dispersing longer distances. Downstream movement was also predominant during the first winter, but older fish moved little. This limited dispersal resulted in a significant isolation-by-distance structure for ages 1 and 2, but not for older age groups or for the mature fish. Individual pairwise relatedness coefficients decreased with waterway distance for mature fish during the 2002 and 2003 spawning seasons, but only weakly. Overall, between-site genetic differentiation was stronger for the younger age classes, and the signal decayed with age, indicating that the genetic structure observed in the stream is mainly driven by spatial aggregation of close relatives.

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Mapes, Kerry L., Narcisa G. Pricope, J. Britton Baxley, Lauren E. Schaale, and Raymond M. Danner. "Thermal Imaging of Beach-Nesting Bird Habitat with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Considerations for Reducing Disturbance and Enhanced Image Accuracy." Drones 4, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4020012.

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Knowledge of temperature variation within and across beach-nesting bird habitat, and how such variation may affect the nesting success and survival of these species, is currently lacking. This type of data is furthermore needed to refine predictions of population changes due to climate change, identify important breeding habitat, and guide habitat restoration efforts. Thermal imagery collected with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provides a potential approach to fill current knowledge gaps and accomplish these goals. Our research outlines a novel methodology for collecting and implementing active thermal ground control points (GCPs) and assess the accuracy of the resulting imagery using an off-the-shelf commercial fixed-wing UAV that allows for the reconstruction of thermal landscapes at high spatial, temporal, and radiometric resolutions. Additionally, we observed and documented the behavioral responses of beach-nesting birds to UAV flights and modifications made to flight plans or the physical appearance of the UAV to minimize disturbance. We found strong evidence that flying on cloudless days and using sky-blue camouflage greatly reduced disturbance to nesting birds. The incorporation of the novel active thermal GCPs into the processing workflow increased image spatial accuracy an average of 12 m horizontally (mean root mean square error of checkpoints in imagery with and without GCPs was 0.59 m and 23.75 m, respectively). The final thermal indices generated had a ground sampling distance of 25.10 cm and a thermal accuracy of less than 1 °C. This practical approach to collecting highly accurate thermal data for beach-nesting bird habitat while avoiding disturbance is a crucial step towards the continued monitoring and modeling of beach-nesting birds and their habitat.

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