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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Iqbal, Dure Najaf, Arif Nazir, Munawar Iqbal, and Muhammad Yameen. "Green synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum: Application in textile printing technology." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0022.

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AbstractThis study focusses on the synthesis of carboxymethyl guar gum (CMG) via monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions were also optimized during the course of experiment. Guar derivative with variable degree of substitution (DS) were prepared and were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The DS was determined quantitatively by titration method for each derivative. The synthesized guar gum derivatives, being the natural thickners, have been used in textile printing technology. Substituted guar gum has been proved environmental friendly thickener as compared to synthetic thickeners. Penetration properties, fixation ability, colour fastness, levelness and fabric handling was compared with alginate thickener (commercially available). Guar gum thickeners showed enhanced properties versus alginate thickener and can be used as an alternative to synthetic thickeners in view of its green, non-hazardous and economical derivatives. Guar gum is the outstanding natural thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent and could possibly be used in various industrial units including food, cosmetic, textile, oil fracturing and mining.

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2

Vyšvařil, Martin, Michaela Hegrová, and Tomáš Žižlavský. "Rheological Properties of Lime Mortars with Guar Gum Derivatives." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.257.

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In this paper, the behaviour of fresh lime mortars modified by etherified derivatives of guar (hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) and native guar gum (GG)) is assessed with the purpose of exploring a new application of such derivatives as lime mortar admixtures. The rheological parameters (relative yield stress, consistency coefficient and fluidity index) and viscoelastic properties were correlated with flow table tests, relative density measurements, water retention abilities of mortars and air content in mortars. Results were seen to be strongly dependent on substituents of the guar. Non-ionic derivative (HPG) exhibited the biggest impact on the yield stress and elastic properties of the mortars. The ionic CMHPG showed the thickening effect. GG had low impact on water retention, while HPG and CMHPG displayed high water retention capability.

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3

Giri, Pankaj, Simran Kaur Zandu, and Inderbir Singh. "Chemical Modifications of Guar Gum for Drug Delivery Applications: A Review." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 6 (2020): 1259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22607.

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Guar gum is a natural excipient extracted from the plant seed of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, belonging to the Leguminosae family. In the pharmaceutical industries, it contributes an important role due to its non-toxicity, ease of availability, biodegradability and eco-friendly nature. The major constituents of guar gum is galactomannan which is composed of D-galactose anhydride and mannose anhydride. Hydroxyl groups present in galactomannan can be modified by carboxymethylation, grafting or cross-linking with other excipients for developing modified polymers having desirable properties. Guar gum is commonly used as a suspending, emulsifying, stabilizing, gelling and thickening agent in various dosage forms. The guar gum derivatives are also useful in controlling the drug release from the pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, different aspects of synthesis of guar gum derivatives and its applications in various drug delivery systems is described.

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4

Kapoor, Meenu, Dhriti Khandal, Ruchi Gupta, Pinklesh Arora, Geetha Seshadri, Saroj Aggarwal, and Rakesh Kumar Khandal. "Certain Rheological Aspects of Functionalized Guar Gum." International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2013 (April 24, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/463907.

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Guar gum and its derivatives are highly important industrial hydrocolloids as they find applications in various industrial sectors. Guar is a polymer of high molecular weight and its aqueous solutions exhibit unique rheological properties, which has led to its wide acceptance by the industry. In certain industrial applications low molecular weight guar and its derivatives are needed, and conventionally chemical depolymerisation of guar is carried out for this purpose. Radiation processing is a novel and green technology for carrying out depolymerization and can be an ideal substitute for chemical depolymerisation technique. In order to study the effect of radiation on guar derivatives, three types of derivatives have been taken in the present study: carboxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, and methyl guar. The effect of 1–50 KGy radiation dose on the rheological behavior of these derivatives has been studied, and the results have been described in the present paper. The effect on storage and loss modulus with respect to frequency and effect on viscosity with respect to shear rate have been discussed in detail.

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5

Lapasin, Romano, Sabrina Pricl, and Paolo Tracanelli. "Rheology of hydroxyethyl guar gum derivatives." Carbohydrate Polymers 14, no. 4 (January 1991): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(91)90006-x.

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6

Shanmukha, M. C., A. Usha, M. K. Siddiqui, Samuel Asefa Fufa, and B. M. Praveen. "Degree-Based Molecular Descriptors of Guar Gum and Its Chemical Derivatives." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (February 7, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7371538.

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The most abundant polycarbonates that are found in food are polysaccharides. A long chain of monosaccharide with glycosidic linkages forms polymeric carbohydrates. These carbohydrates with water in the process of hydrolysis produces sugar monosaccharides or oligosaccharides. The examples of polysaccharides include starch, galactogen, and glycogen. They contribute various applications mainly in food storage, pharmaceutical industry, and petroleum extraction. In this work, a polysaccharide known as guar gum is studied and also ten degree-based topological indices, namely, Zagreb indices, Randic index, general Randic index, forgotten index, ABC index, GA index, GH index, Sombor index, and SS index are computed. The chemical derivatives of guar gum such as HPG, CMG, and CMHPG are studied, and topological indices are determined. Finally, numerical and graphical comparison of all the above said ten indices are made for guar gum and its chemical derivatives.

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7

Kazachenko, A. S., O. Yu Fetisova, A. V. Antonov, G. N. Bondarenko, and V. V. Sychev. "PRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GUAR GUM GALACTOMANNAN BUTYL ETHER." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 53, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.1525.

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Guar gum galactomannan is a common polysaccharide isolated from the legume plants Cyamopsis tetraganoloba. Guar gum derivatives are widely used in many industrial fields. In this work, a method for obtaining a new derivative of guar gum, galactomannan butyl ether, is considered. The introduction of the butyl group into the structure of galactomannan was proved by IR spectroscopy, by the appearance of absorption bands in the regions corresponding to the vibrations of the –C – O – C–, CH2 and CH3 groups. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was shown that in the process of obtaining butyl ether of galactomannan, the structure is amorphous. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy, the powder of galactomannan butyl ether has a porous morphology. The pore sizes in the particles of galactomannan butyl ether range from 70 to 300 μm. The obtained galactomannan butyl ether can find application in medicine - as a filler for tablets, in construction - as an additive for adhesives and in other fields.

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8

Prabhanjan, H., M. M. Gharia, and H. C. Srivastava. "Guar gum derivatives. II. Foaming properties of hydroxyalkyl derivatives." Carbohydrate Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(90)90100-7.

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9

Dodi, Gianina, Rosina E. Sabau, Bianca E. B. Crețu, and Ioannis Gardikiotis. "Exploring the Antioxidant Potential of Gellan and Guar Gums in Wound Healing." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082152.

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It is acknowledged that the presence of antioxidants boosts the wound-healing process. Many biopolymers have been explored over the years for their antioxidant potential in wound healing, but limited research has been performed on gum structures and their derivatives. This review aims to evaluate whether the antioxidant properties of gellan and guar gums and wound healing co-exist. PubMed was the primary platform used to explore published reports on the antioxidant wound-healing interconnection, wound dressings based on gellan and guar gum, as well as the latest review papers on guar gum. The literature search disclosed that some wound-healing supports based on gellan gum hold considerable antioxidant properties, as evident from the results obtained using different antioxidant assays. It has emerged that the antioxidant properties of guar gum are overlooked in the wound-healing field, in most cases, even if this feature improves the healing outcome. This review paper is the first that examines guar gum vehicles throughout the wound-healing process. Further research is needed to design and evaluate customized wound dressings that can scavenge excess reactive oxygen species, especially in clinical practice.

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10

Swamy, N. G. N., T. S. Dharmarajan, K. L. K. Paranjothi, and Z. Abbas. "A REVIEW ON DERIVATIZATION OF GUAR AND STUDY OF PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GUAR DERIVATIVES." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 01 (January 28, 2014): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.01.p0005.

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Guar gum is a naturally occurring alternating co-polymer derived from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Guar has high intrinsic viscosity but very poor interaction coefficient. Guar dispersions lose viscosity upon standing. Guar has been derivatized to hydroxyalkyl, alkali carboxyalkyl and quaternary ammonium guar. Derivatization of guar enhances solution stability, clarity of dispersion and resistance to microbial attack. Derivatives of guar have immense pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The present review focuses on the various methodologies available for effecting derivatization of guar and also covers the specific application case studies in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields. The authors opine that guar derivatives such as hydroxypropyl guar, sodium carboxymethyl guar and cationic guar are the prominent ones and shall be accorded an official status.

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11

Zhang, Minghua, Jianping He, Mingyu Deng, Peixin Gong, Xi Zhang, Minmin Fan, and Ke Wang. "Rheological behaviours of guar gum derivatives with hydrophobic unsaturated long-chains." RSC Advances 10, no. 53 (2020): 32050–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04322b.

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12

Prabhanjan, H., M. M. Gharia, and H. C. Srivastava. "Guar gum derivatives. Part I: Preparation and properties." Carbohydrate Polymers 11, no. 4 (January 1989): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(89)90003-9.

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13

Eggers, Katharina, Daniel Szopinski, and Gerrit A. Luinstra. "Thermo-Responsive Microcapsules Based on Guar Gum Derivatives." Macromolecular Symposia 346, no. 1 (December 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201400055.

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14

Bahamdan, Ahmad, and William H. Daly. "Hydrophobic guar gum derivatives prepared by controlled grafting processes." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 18, no. 8 (2007): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.874.

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15

Žižlavský, Tomáš, Martin Vyšvařil, Patrik Bayer, and Pavla Rovnaníková. "Influence of Guar Gum Derivatives on Hardened Properties of Aerial Lime-Based Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.22.

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This paper studies the possibility of usage of the guar gum and its derivatives (carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) and hydroxypropyl guar (HPG)) as admixtures for aerial lime-based mortars. The influence on the properties of mortars was studied on the aerial lime –based mortars prepared with quartz fine grained sand and doses of admixtures ranging between 0,5 and 10‰. The hardened bulk densities, flexural and compressive strength, porosity, water absorption coefficient due to capillarity action and carbonation rate were studied. The addition of the hydroxypropyl guar lowered the bulk density (due to an air intake), improved workability, slightly increased the strength, slowed carbonation rate, and nobbled the water transport in the mortar. The addition of carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar does not impact the bulk density, the strengths were increased similarly to HPG: it does not impact carbonation rate significantly, so the long term strengths were comparative with the HPG. The water transport was slightly better in lower doses and slightly worse in larger doses in comparison with the reference mortar. The pure guaran was found not to be beneficial for the lime mortars for its only advantage is in the water transport, where in any dose the transport was better than any other mortar, but the benefit of this is questionable.

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16

Hussain, Majid, Tahir Zahoor, Saeed Akhtar, Amir Ismail, and Aneela Hameed. "Thermal stability and haemolytic effects of depolymerized guar gum derivatives." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 1047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-3018-5.

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17

Huang, Haolin, Junzhang Lin, Weidong Wang, and Shuang Li. "Biopolymers Produced by Sphingomonas Strains and Their Potential Applications in Petroleum Production." Polymers 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091920.

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The genus Sphingomonas was established by Yabuuchi et al. in 1990, and has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique ability to degrade environmental pollutants. Some Sphingomonas species can secrete high-molecular-weight extracellular polymers called sphingans, most of which are acidic heteropolysaccharides. Typical sphingans include welan gum, gellan gum, and diutan gum. Most sphingans have a typical, conserved main chain structure, and differences of side chain groups lead to different rheological characteristics, such as shear thinning, temperature or salt resistance, and viscoelasticity. In petroleum production applications, sphingans, and their structurally modified derivatives can replace partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs, while also being able to replace guar gum as a fracturing fluid thickener. This paper focuses on the applications of sphingans and their derivatives in EOR.

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18

Dasankoppa, F. S., and N. G. N. Swamy. "DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CATIONIC GUAR AND HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR BASED IN SITU GELS FOR OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY." INDIAN DRUGS 50, no. 01 (January 28, 2013): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.01.p0030.

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The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by the conventional eye drops due to rapid corneal loss is overcome by the use of ion-activated gel forming systems that are instilled as drops;these undergo gelation in cul-de-sac mode. The present study describes the design, development and evaluation of in situ ophthalmic drug delivery of antibacterial agent, linezolid, based on ion-activated guar gum derivatives. Novel polymers such as Cationic guar with hydroxypropyl guar are being used as gelling as well as viscosity enhancing agents. Differential scanning calorimetric studies have revealed that linezolid is compatible with all the excipients in the formulation. The study also aims at rheological characterization, effect of sterilization (moist heat) and effect of aging on the viscosity of in situ gels by calculating consistency index (K), flow behaviour index (n value) using power law model. The in vitro drug diffusion study for the developed formulations has also been carried out. The formulation CGHPG2,exhibiting good physical stability subsequent to sterilization and storage and further retaining the consistency index (K) and flow behavior index (n value), was chosen as the optimized formulation. The gel formed in situ revealed the sustained release of the drug for up to 12 hrs. Stability data recorded over a period of 6 months at elevated temperature conditions revealed the formulation to be stable. In vivo ocular toxicity studies revealed non irritant and non toxic nature of the formulation. Therefore, the developed guar gum derivative based ophthalmic in situ gel by virtue of its prolonged corneal residence time and sustained drug release could be considered a viable alternative to the conventional eye drop formulation in achieving enhanced bioavailability.

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19

Ghosh, Indrasena, Chhaya Sharma, and Rita Tandon. "Comparative study of guar gum and its cationic derivatives as pre-flocculating polymers for PCC fillers in papermaking applications." April 2022 21, no. 4 (May 1, 2022): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj21.4.203.

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In this work, gums from guar seeds were evaluated as a potential precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler pre-flocculant to induce functional filler in papermaking applications. In recent years, guar has been conidered one of the promising wet-end additives due to its abundance, rich source of hemicellulose content, and bio-degradability. However, application of guar gum in filler pretreatment methods for producing high ash paper has scarcely been reported. In this paper, the flocculating ability of three types of guar gum was established with charge analysis and turbidity (NTU) of the system at 1% and 5% for each gum: native gum (NG) having a degree of substitution (DS) of 0, and cationic gums having a DS value of 0.07 (CL) and 0.15 (CH). It was interesting to observe that even at a 5% dose of G, the charge density of PCC did not deviate much from the initial values. The system carried a weak negativeharge, resulting in an unstable colloidal suspension that led to PCC-PCC particle bridging. On the other hand, the operative mechanism of CL and CH during adsorption and PCC flocculation was predicted to be charge neutralization and electrostatic-patch formation, accompanied by particle bridging. Note that CL, with a maximum 47.5% eduction in residual turbidity of PCC at a 1% dose, was much more efficient in doing so than the other two gums; NG had a 40% maximum reduction in residual turbidity at a 5% dose and CH had a maximum 30% reduction at a 1% ose. Later on, floc formation and structure were correlated with optical and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. In the next set of trials, paper properties were determined by varying the different gum dosages from 0.2% to 5% at a constant dose of 20% filler. It is also noteworthy to mention that with 1% CL (low DS) dose, PCC retention increased by 39%, which also enhanced the tensile, tear, burst, and opacity properties by 11%, 19%, 5%, and 4.4%, respectively, without significantly affecting the bulk properties. Further, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that pre-flocculating PCC with a 1% gum dose did not induce any change in crystalline transformation. Based on observation, it was found that cationic gums with low DS values re a better choice for maximizing the strength of paper while maintaining bulk and high opacity when pre-flocculaion is adopted to increase the filler retention in paper.

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20

Sarkar, Shatabhisa, Sumit Gupta, Prasad S. Variyar, Arun Sharma, and Rekha S. Singhal. "Hydrophobic derivatives of guar gum hydrolyzate and gum Arabic as matrices for microencapsulation of mint oil." Carbohydrate Polymers 95, no. 1 (June 2013): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.070.

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21

Hasan, Abdulraheim M. A., and Manar E. Abdel-Raouf. "Applications of guar gum and its derivatives in petroleum industry: A review." Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 27, no. 4 (December 2018): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.03.005.

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22

Lapasin, Romano, Lorenzo De Lorenzi, Sabrina Pricl, and Giovanni Torriano. "Flow properties of hydroxypropyl guar gum and its long-chain hydrophobic derivatives." Carbohydrate Polymers 28, no. 3 (November 1995): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(95)00134-4.

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23

Gangotri, Waikhom, Ruchi Jain-Raina, and Shashi B. Babbar. "Evaluation of guar gum derivatives as gelling agents for microbial culture media." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 5 (March 2, 2012): 2279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1027-0.

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24

Prabaharan, M. "Prospective of guar gum and its derivatives as controlled drug delivery systems." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 49, no. 2 (August 2011): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.022.

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Kaur, Simran, and Soumava Santra. "Recent Progress in Chemical Modification of the Natural Polysaccharide Guar Gum." Current Organic Synthesis 19, no. 2 (March 2022): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179418666211109105416.

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: Guar gum (GG) is a natural heteropolysaccharide. Due to its non-toxic, eco-friendly, and biodegradable nature, GG has found wide applications in many areas, in particular food, paper, textile, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, GG is often called “Black Gold” as well. Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups, GG can be modified by various methods. The physical and biological properties of GG can be modulated by chemical modifications. In this manuscript, various methods for the chemical modifications of GG have been discussed according to the type of modifications. Mechanistic insights have also been provided whenever possible. In addition, potential applications of new GG derivatives have also been briefly mentioned.

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Krishna, Shweta Kumari, Deepak Yadav, and Sunil K. Sharma. "Cu (II) Schiff base complex grafted guar gum: Catalyst for benzophenone derivatives synthesis." Applied Catalysis A: General 601 (July 2020): 117529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117529.

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Wu, Meng. "Shear-thinning and viscosity synergism in mixed solution of guar gum and its etherified derivatives." Polymer Bulletin 63, no. 6 (June 30, 2009): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0127-y.

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Ríos, José-Luis, Isabel Andújar, Guillermo R. Schinella, and Flavio Francini. "Modulation of Diabetes by Natural Products and Medicinal Plants via Incretins." Planta Medica 85, no. 11/12 (May 7, 2019): 825–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0897-7492.

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AbstractIncretins are metabolic hormones released after a meal that increase insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The two main incretins are the intestinal peptides glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Both induce a decrease in glycemia, slow down the absorption of nutrients, and are inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Recently, incretin-based therapies have become a useful tool to treat diabetic patients, and different studies have focused on the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including those of natural origin. This review focuses on the new findings of medicinal plants and natural products as possible active agents on the potentiation of incretin receptor signaling. Among these, soluble fiber from species of Plantago and guar gum show promising effects, iridoid derivatives are relevant activators of incretin receptors, and derivatives of cyanidin, especially diglycosylated ones, are an interesting source of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

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Ansari, Zoha, and Sangeet Goomer. "Natural Gums and Carbohydrate-Based Polymers: Potential Encapsulants." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12 (2022): 01–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2022.12001.

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Plants possess a wide range of bioactive compounds with established health benefits which are highly susceptible to degradation. The environmental dynamics such as high temperature, light, oxygen limits the shelf life and bioavailability of these compounds in food and drug formulations. Encapsulation serves as an effective way of preserving these sensitive compounds by enclosing them within a coating/wall material and hence improves their bioavailability and functional properties.Scope and Approach: The wall materials used for encapsulation also known as encapsulants act as physical barriers between core compound and external stimuli. There are different edible protein, lipid and carbohydrate based encapsulants used for coating of bioactive compounds. However, this review gives a detailed insight on composition, functional properties, and applications of carbohydrate based polymers in food, and pharmaceutical industries while emphasizing on the advantages and limitations of these polymers in encapsulation process. So, we explored recent expansion in the area of natural polysaccharides and their derivatives as carriers for the targeted and sustained delivery of active compounds. Key Findings and Conclusions:Polysaccharides, natural gums (Carrageenan, Alginate, Gum arabic, Guar gum, Gellan gum, Xanthan gum) and their derivatives are biodegradable polymers being used as sustained release carriers. They are more advantageous over lipid based and protein based carriers by virtue of their unique features such as thermo stability and versatility of interacting with a range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Tailor-made carriers made by structural modifications of the polysaccharides using physical, chemical and enzymatic reactions result in improved functional properties and hence widen their area of applications.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.Cite this article as:Ansari, Z.; Goomer, S.Natural gums and carbohydrate-based polymers: Potential encapsulants. Indo Global J. Pharm. Sci., 2022; 12:1-20. DOI:http://doi.org/10.35652/IGJPS.2022.12001.

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Li, Nan, Guangxue Chena, and Wei Chen. "Synthesis of Guar Gum Derivatives in [BMIM]Cl Ionic liquids and their Application on Pulping and Papermaking." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 32, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2017.32.291.

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31

Govin, Alexandre, Marie-Claude Bartholin, Barbara Biasotti, Max Giudici, Valentina Langella, and Philippe Grosseau. "Modification of water retention and rheological properties of fresh state cement-based mortars by guar gum derivatives." Construction and Building Materials 122 (September 2016): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.125.

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Li, Nan, Guangxue Chena, and Wei Chen. "Synthesis of Guar Gum Derivatives in [BMIM]Cl Ionic liquids and their Application on Pulping and Papermaking." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 32, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2016.32.1.art00074_1.

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LaGrone, C. C., S. A. Baumgartner, and R. A. Woodroof. "Chemical Evolution of a High- Temperature Fracturing Fluid." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 05 (October 1, 1985): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11794-pa.

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Abstract Reservoirs with bottomhole temperatures (BHT's) in excess of 250 deg. F [121 deg. C] and permeabilities of less than 1.0 md are commonly encountered in drilling and completing geothermal and deep gas wells. Successful stimulation of these wells often requires the use of massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) treatments. Fracturing fluids chosen for these large treatments must possess shear and thermal stability at high BHT'S. The use of conventional fracturing fluids has been limited traditionally to wells with BHT's of 250 deg. F [121 deg. C] or less. Above 250 deg. F [121 deg. C], high polymer concentrations and/or large fluid volumes are required to maintain effective fluid viscosities in the fracture. However, high polymer concentrations lead to high friction pressures, high costs, and high gel residue levels. The large fluid volumes also increase significantly the cost of the treatment. Greater understanding of fracturing fluid properties has led to the development of a crosslinked fracturing fluid designed specifically for wells with BHT's above 250 deg F [121 deg C). The specialized chemistry of this fluid combines a high-ph hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) solution with a high-temperature gel stabilizer and a proprietary crosslinker. The fluid remains stable at 250 to proprietary crosslinker. The fluid remains stable at 250 to 350 deg. F [121 to 177 deg. C] for extended periods of time under shear. This paper describes the rheologial evaluations used in the systematic development of this fracturing fluid. In field applications, this fracturing fluid has been used to stimulate successfully wells with BHT's ranging from 250 to 540 deg. F [121 to 282 deg C). Case histories that include pretreatment and posttreatment production data are presented. Introduction Temperatures exceeding 250 deg F [121 deg C) and permeabilities less than 1.0 md are frequently encountered in permeabilities less than 1.0 md are frequently encountered in deep gas and geothermal wells. Successful economic completion of these wells requires that long, conductive fractures with optimal proppant distribution be created. Ultimately, the amount of production from these formations depends on the propped fracture length created. One successful stimulation technique used to create these long fractures is MHF. In these treatments, the fracturing fluids are often exposed to shear in the fracture for prolonged periods of time at high temperatures. Thus the fracturing fluids must exhibit extended shear and thermal stability at the high BHT'S. In addition, the fracturing fluid must not leak off rapidly into the formation, or the fracture may not be extended to the desired length. Many early treatments were limited by fracturing fluids that lost viscosity rapidly at high BHT's because of excessive thermal and/or shear degradation. Creation of a narrow fracture width, excessive fluid loss to the formation, and insufficient proppant transport resulted from the use of these low viscosity fluids. The solution to conventional fracturing fluid deficiencies was to develop a more efficient fracturing fluid (low polymer concentrations) with greater viscosity retention under shear at high temperatures, better fluid-loss control, and lower friction pressures. Generally, the components that make up crosslinked fracturing fluids include a polymer, buffer, gel stabilizer, and crosslinker. Each of these components is critical to the development of the desired fracturing fluid properties. The role of polymers in fracturing fluids is to properties. The role of polymers in fracturing fluids is to provide fracture width, to suspend proppants, to help provide fracture width, to suspend proppants, to help control fluid loss to the formation, and to reduce friction pressure in the tubular goods. Guar gum and cellulosic pressure in the tubular goods. Guar gum and cellulosic derivatives are the most common types of polymers used in fracturing fluids. The cellulosic derivatives are residue-free and thus help minimize fracturing fluid damage to the formation. However, the cellulosic derivatives are difficult to disperse because of their rapid rate of hydration. Guar gum and its derivatives are easily dispersed but produce some residue when broken. Buffers are used in conjunction with polymers so that the optimal pH for polymer hydration can be attained. When the optimal pH is reached, the maximal viscosity yield from the polymer is more likely to be obtained. The most common example of fracturing fluid buffers is a weak-acid/weak-base blend, whose ratios can be adjusted to that the desired ph is reached. However, some of these buffers dissolve slowly, particularly at cooler temperatures. Gel stabilizers are added to polymer solutions to inhibit chemical degradation. Examples of gel stabilizers used in fracturing fluids include methanol and various inorganic sulfur compounds. Other stabilizers are useful in inhibiting the chemical degradation process, but many interfere with the mechanism of crosslinking. The sulfur containing stabilizers possess an advantage over methanol, which is flammable, toxic, and expensive. SPEJ P. 623

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Vaghela, Chetana, Mohan Kulkarni, Meena Karve, and Smita Zinjarde. "Selective electrochemical sensing of bisphenol derivatives using novel bioelectrode of agarose-guar gum-graphene oxide immobilized with tyrosinase." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10, no. 3 (June 2022): 107360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107360.

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35

Zhang, Li-Ming, Jian-Fang Zhou, and Peter S. Hui. "A comparative study on viscosity behavior of water-soluble chemically modified guar gum derivatives with different functional lateral groups." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, no. 15 (2005): 2638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2308.

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Bahamdan, Ahmad, and William H. Daly. "Hydrophobic guar gum derivatives prepared by controlled grafting processes–Part II: rheological and degradation properties toward fracturing fluids applications." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 18, no. 8 (2007): 660–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.875.

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37

Zizlavsky, T., M. Vysvaril, and P. Rovnanikova. "Rheological study on influence of hydroxypropyl derivatives of guar gum, cellulose, and chitosan on the properties of natural hydraulic lime pastes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 583 (August 14, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/583/1/012009.

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38

Yagoub, Hajo, Liping Zhu, Mahmoud H. M. A. Shibraen, Ali A. Altam, Dafaalla M. D. Babiker, Songmiao Liang, Yan Jin, and Shuguang Yang. "Complex Aerogels Generated from Nano-Polysaccharides and Its Derivatives for Oil–Water Separation." Polymers 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101593.

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The complex aerogel generated from nano-polysaccharides, chitin nanocrystals (ChiNC) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF), and its derivative cationic guar gum (CGG) is successfully prepared via a facile freeze-drying method with glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linkers. The complexation of ChiNC, TCNF, and CGG is shown to be helpful in creating a porous structure in the three-dimensional aerogel, which creates within the aerogel with large pore volume and excellent compressive properties. The ChiNC/TCNF/CGG aerogel is then modified with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) to obtain superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity and used for oil–water separation. The successful modification is demonstrated through FTIR, XPS, and surface wettability studies. A water contact angle of 155° on the aerogel surface and 150° on the surface of the inside part of aerogel are obtained for the MTCS-modified ChiNC/TCNF/CGG aerogel, resulting in its effective absorption of corn oil and organic solvents (toluene, n-hexane, and trichloromethane) from both beneath and at the surface of water with excellent absorption capacity (i.e., 21.9 g/g for trichloromethane). More importantly, the modified aerogel can be used to continuously separate oil from water with the assistance of a vacuum setup and maintains a high absorption capacity after being used for 10 cycles. The as-prepared superhydrophobic/superoleophilic ChiNC/TCNF/CGG aerogel can be used as a promising absorbent material for the removal of oil from aqueous media.

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39

Vyšvařil, Martin, Michaela Hegrová, and Tomáš Žižlavský. "Influence of Cellulose Ethers on Fresh State Properties of Lime Mortars." Solid State Phenomena 276 (June 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.276.69.

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Cellulose ethers (CEs) are widely used as viscosity enhancing, water retaining additives in cement based mortars. Nevertheless, studies about the effect of cellulose ethers on the properties of aerial lime-based mortars are very lack. The use of water retaining additives in lime mortars can influence not only their fresh state properties but also the pore structure and strength of hardened mortars. In this work, four different commercial cellulose ethers were added to lime mortars in order to test their influence on properties of mortars in the fresh state. Mortar rheological parameters (relative yield stress, consistency coefficient and fluidity index) were correlated with flow table tests, relative density measurements, water retention and air content in the mortars. It was found that CEs reduce the spread of lime mortars and increase air content in the mortars. The CEs are not so effective in water retention compared with other types of water retention agents. Most dosages of CEs change the behaviour of mortars from pseudoplastic to dilatant. In contrast to the effect of CEs in cement-based materials, their viscosity enhancing behavior in lime mortars is denied, due to the presence of large amounts of calcium hydroxide. From this point of view, the CEs are not so suitable to use as viscosity enhancing admixtures in lime mortars like derivatives of chitosan or guar gum.

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40

Viswanad, Vidya, Shammika P, and Aneesh Tp. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SYNTHESIZED QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVE FOR COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16024.

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ABSTRACTObjective: The current research deals with the formulation and evaluation of synthesized quinazolinone derivative for colon site specific delivery.Methods: The synthesized quinazolinone derivative was enteric coated 5% Eudragit L-100 with by wet granulation method using guar gum, pectin,and guar gum pectin combination as hydrophilic polymer. The prepared matrix tablet was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry andevaluated for different pre-compression and post-compression studies and drug release profiles.Results: All the matrix tablets were within the range of pharmacopeial limits with better flow properties. All the six formulations of matrix tablets haddisintegrated within 5-6 minutes. The optimized formulation selected was F6 formulation combination of guar gum and pectin with 95.79% of drugrelease than compared to the remaining formulation. The optimized matrix tablets followed zero order kinetics with Fickian diffusion.Conclusion: The results proposed that the combination of guar gum and pectin coated tablet with 5% Eudragit L-100 of synthesized quinazolinonederivative is a promising colon site specific delivery.Keywords: Quinazolinone derivative, In vitro drug release, Disintegration time, Guar gum, Pectin, 5% Eudragit L-100, Colon site-specific delivery, Wetgranulation, Compression.

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Liu, Zhiqin, Jiafang Xu, Wei Peng, Xiaodong Yu, and Jie Chen. "The Evaluation and Application of SmartGel for Deepwater Loss-Circulation Control." Processes 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2023): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11071890.

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In view of the problem that the formation of deepwater wells in the study area leak easily, the mechanism of loss-circulation was studied in depth, and the loss-circulation plugging material SmartGel was developed with guar gum and its derivatives as the main synthetic raw materials. The gel process could be controlled by adjusting the dosage and temperature of gel accelerators. In order to adjust the gelling speed of SmartGel, GelRetarder and GelAccelerant were developed. The extrusion strength of SmartGel increased with the increase in SmartGel dose and decreased with the increase in temperature. As for the plugging performance of SmartGel, the sand bed test confirmed that the pressure capacity of SmartGel in the 80 °C sand bed can reach at least 7 MPa, which can meet the requirements of site construction. The PPT sand tray test and core flow meter simulation pore test showed that SmartGel has good bearing performance. As for the gel-breaking of SmartGel, low-temperature gel-breaking was achieved by adding the biological gel-breaking agent S100. The gel-breaking time was shortened by increasing the dose of S100; the higher the temperature, the more obvious the effect. To facilitate high-temperature gel-breaking, the post-gel-breaking method was adopted since the enzyme gel-breaking agent cannot play a role above 60 °C. The test showed that after adding 5% gel-breaking agent PF-JPC, due to gel-breaking at 80 °C, the SmartGel gel completely reduced the viscosity within 48 h. We successfully used SmartGel + 0.2% GelRetarder to stop the loss-circulation in well A and used a cored well wall to show a good gel-breaking effect.

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Rathore, Monika, and Aresh Vikram Singh. "Development and Application of Newly Synthesized Guar gum Diamino Benzoic Acid (GDABA) Resin for Elimination of Hazardous Waste Metal Ions from Industrial Effluents." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390127.

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The newly synthesized Guar gum Diamino Benzoic Acid (GDABA) resin for elimination of hazardous waste metal ions was developed from industrial effluents. The gaur gum has been studied for their good metal sorption properties and found to have potential for waste management. In the laboratory, chemically produced Guar gum Diamino Benzoic Acid (GDABA) derivative has been employed for the elimination of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions from effluents of Steel Industries in Jodhpur, Rajasthan (India). These groups of ion exchanger constitute new category of newly reformed ion exchange resin for the retraction of ions of harmful metal. It was further diagnosed by computing its thermal and FT-IR spectral analysis, ion exchange capacity etc. The estimation of ‘Kd’ values of these unsafe metal ions was also done at various values of pH.

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43

Deshmukh, Payal, Nikita Upadhyaya, Sunita Patidar, and Rajat Pawar. "Probiotic-Assisted Colon-Specific Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Drug – 5 ASA." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i10.007.

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Background: Mesalamine, one derivative of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), has been recommended as the first-line medicine to induce and maintain remission in patients with mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis on account of its efficacy and safety. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesalamine in conjunction with probiotics for ulcerative colitis an ideal colon targeting system aims to deliver a therapeutic agent, selectively and effectively, to the colon. This system should ideally retain the drug release in the upper GI tract (stomach and small intestine); while trigger the drug release in the colon. Several approaches have been used to fabricate formulations to achieve a colon specific delivery of mesalamine such as; time dependent, enzymatic/microbial responsive approaches. This overview outlines the recent advances in mesalamine-colon delivery approaches for the potential treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’ disease. Method: The matrix tablets of guar gum were prepared by wet granulation method Lactose, guar gum, talc and magnesium stearate were sifted separately through sieve number 60 to obtain particles of uniform size. Weighed quantity of Mesalamine was sifted through sieve number 100. Result: Matrix tablets containing Mesalamine were prepared by wet granulation method using guar gum as the colon targeting polymer and varying concentrations of probiotics Sporlac and Vivaflora to assist in colon targeting.

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44

Pressi, Giovanna, Elisa Barbieri, Raffaella Rizzi, Giovanni Tafuro, Alessia Costantini, Elisa Di Domenico, and Alessandra Semenzato. "Formulation and Physical Characterization of a Polysaccharidic Gel for the Vehiculation of an Insoluble Phytoextract for Mucosal Application." Polysaccharides 3, no. 4 (November 9, 2022): 728–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3040042.

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Maintaining insoluble plant-based ingredients in suspension and ensuring long-term physical stability is particularly challenging for formulators of green cosmetics. This study aimed to evaluate the structure and applicative properties of gel and gel-cream topical formulations suitable for delivering an insoluble phytocomplex on the vaginal mucosa and maintaining its integrity. For this purpose, we studied the compatibility of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton phytocomplex (PFP), derived from in vitro plant cell cultures and presented as a powder finely dispersed in glycerin, with different classes of natural rheological modifiers (such as xanthan gum, sclerotium gum, succinoglycan, xyloglucan, diutan gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum derivative) in gel and gel-cream formulations, to meet the needs of the cosmetic market for naturalness and biodegradability. Through rheological and texture analyses, we studied the physico–mechanical properties of the samples, comparing the performances of the chosen polysaccharides to those of acrylic polymeric rheological modifiers, evaluating their contribution in terms of stability and applicative properties. Since a weak-gel rheological pattern proved to be the optimal one to keep the actives in suspension, the associations of tamarind seed polysaccharides with succinoglycan or scleroglucan were the most suitable for the formulation of mucoadhesive gels.

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45

Szopinski, Daniel, and Gerrit A. Luinstra. "Viscoelastic properties of aqueous guar gum derivative solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS)." Carbohydrate Polymers 153 (November 2016): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.095.

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46

Bisht, Tulsi, and Rishishwar Poonam. "A Comparative Study of Matrix Tablets Designed by Different Methods." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 3645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.2.2.

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The aim of present work was to develop once daily sustained release matrix tablet of aceclofenac by wet granulation technique using natural gums i.e.: gum acacia, guar gum and Xanthan gum. In this present study matrix tablets were prepared using three different methods and a comparative study was done. Aceclofenac sodium being the newer derivative of diclofenac having short biological half life (4hrs.), so it requires more than one dose per day to maintain therapeutic dose. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, swelling index, friability, percent drug release and various release profile like zero order, first order, Higuchi's, and Koshemeyrs-peppa. All the evaluation parameters met pharmacopoeial specifications and through dissolution studies it was matrix tablets prepared with method 2 shows heighest percent drug release and matrix tablet prepared by method 3 showed lowest percent drug release at the end of 8 hrs. (Shown in fig. 8, comparative release study of all three formulations). Matrix tablet of aceclofenac were successfully prepared and evaluated and it can be concluded that matrix tablet prepared with natural gums showed release rate for a prolonged time and can be of great importance for “once daily” tablet to reduce side effects and toxicity related with NSAIDs.

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47

Szopinski, Daniel, Ulrich A. Handge, Werner-Michael Kulicke, Volker Abetz, and Gerrit A. Luinstra. "Extensional flow behavior of aqueous guar gum derivative solutions by capillary breakup elongational rheometry (CaBER)." Carbohydrate Polymers 136 (January 2016): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.067.

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48

El-hoshoudy, A. N., E. G. Zaki, and S. M. Elsaeed. "Experimental and Monte Carlo simulation of palmitate-guar gum derivative as a novel flooding agent in the underground reservoir." Journal of Molecular Liquids 302 (March 2020): 112502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112502.

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49

Wang, Li, and Li-Ming Zhang. "Viscoelastic characterization of a new guar gum derivative containing anionic carboxymethyl and cationic 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl substituents." Industrial Crops and Products 29, no. 2-3 (March 2009): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.10.003.

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Yokosawa, Mary M., and Elisabete Frollini. "EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF A CATIONIC DERIVATIVE OF THE NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE GUAR GUM ON THE STABILITY OF AN AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF ALUMINA." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 39, no. 7 (June 26, 2002): 709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-120004513.

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