Статті в журналах: "GT-ST PLANT"

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Utami, Louise Indah, Ika Yuliyani, Yanti Suprianti, and Purwinda Iriani. "Load optimization on the performance of combined cycle power plant Block 4 PT Indonesia Power Priok POMU." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 13, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2022.v13.24-35.

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Combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is a closed-cycle power plant, where the heat from the gas turbine’s (GT) exhaust gas will be streamed to the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) to be utilized by steam turbine (ST). CCPP Block 4 (Jawa-2) PT Indonesia Power Priok POMU has an installed capacity of 880 MW, consists of 2 GT units (301.5 MW each) and 1 ST unit (307.5 MW). The performance of a power plant depends on its load, as the efficiency of the turbine generator is low when operated at low loads. The data as of July 2019 showed that 2.2.1 (2 GT, 2 HRSG, 1 ST) configuration has been used in three conditions where the CC net load was around 30 - 45 %, which in fact could be compensated by the 1.1.1 (1 GT, 1 HRSG, 1 ST) configuration. This resulted in a decrease of the CC net efficiency up to 21.34 %. The optimization that can be done is to change the load configuration from 2.2.1 to 1.1.1 at 0 - 50 % of CC net load through simulations, by including the influence of the GT and HRSG start-up processes. The result of this optimization is that the CCPP performance increases due to higher performance of each turbine generator. Thus, the optimization results during July 2019 provided energy saving of 1,146.09 MMBTU or equivalent to cost saving of IDR 152,249,551.76.

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DO, Trung Quang, Anh The LUU, and Chuong Tien NGO. "Endophytic bacteria enhance the growth and salt tolerance of rice under saline conditions." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 119, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2023.119.1.2899.

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Developing biostimulants from salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria is an emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture in the context of increasing soil salinization. This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria (EB) capable of promoting rice seed germination and seedling growth at different NaCl concentrations. Nine salt-tolerant EB strains were isolated and two, ST.6 and ST.8, with the rice seed promoting effect 99.3 and 99.7 %, respectively, were selected and identified as Pantoea dispersa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, respectively. ST.6 showed a higher value of the activity of phosphatase (617 mg P ml-1), production of indole-3-acetic acid (19.7 µg IAA ml-1), the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (13.5 µmol mg−1 protein h−1), and production of siderophore (76.3 %). Especially, rice seedlings inoculated with strain ST.6 showed a significant improvement in root length (58.95 %), shoot length (16.6 %), dry biomass (7.0 %), the content of chlorophyll (46.2 and 57.1 % for chlorophyll a and b, respectively), carotenoids (22.2%), and proline (19.0 %). A decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities was also observed in the rice seedlings inoculated with either ST.6 or ST.8 strain under salt stress. Furthermore, the salt stress condition enhanced the colonization of roots by both studied endophytic bacteria. More experiments should be done to develop endophytic bacteria ST.6 and ST.8 as efficient bio-inoculants.

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Zimowska, Beata. "Effect of cultivation conditions on Seimatosporium hypericinum growth and form morfological structures." Acta Agrobotanica 55, no. 1 (2013): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2002.038.

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The present study deals with effects of the air temperature, and the type of medium on the growth and form morfological structures of six Seimatosporium hypericinum isolates tested. St Jonh's Wort extract agar, St Jonh's Wort plant agar and PDA, oatmeal agar has been recognized as most useful for growth and sporulation of S.hypericinum. Mineral agar, appeared the least useful for growth and form acervuli and conidia. S.hypericinum can develop in a wide range of temperature, but the optimum one for the growth and sporulation of the fungus vary between 20°C and 28°C.

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Boz, H., and M. M. Karaoğlu. "Improving the quality of whole wheat bread by using various plant origin materials." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 5 (September 9, 2013): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/410/2012-cjfs.

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The effects of various plant origin materials such as defatted Cephalaria syriaca flour (0.5%), rosehip (2.5%), vital gluten (2.5%), and malt flour (2%), and their combination on the quality of whole wheat bread were investigated. The plant origin materials used showed significant effects on the specific volume, acidity, colour, and textural properties of whole wheat bread. In general the acidity, specific volume, cohesiveness, and springiness values of whole wheat bread produced by treatments with plant origin materials were higher than those of the control bread. Treatment 13 (2% malt flour + 0.5% defatted Cephalaria syriaca flour + 2.5% vital gluten) resulted in the highest specific volume and the lowest 1st day crumb firmness. The results showed that the quality of whole wheat bread could be improved by adding various plant origin materials.

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Khan, Muhammad Numan, Azaz Ali Khan, Gohar Ayub, Abdul Haseeb, Fayaz Ali, Husain Ahmad, and Zhao Ying. "The Influence of Plastic Mulching Materials and Sowing Dates on the Yield and Yield Components of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Research in Agriculture 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ra.v3n2p50.

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The use of plastic mulches affects the microclimate in the vicinity of the plant by modifying the radiation on the soil surface and reduce the loss of water. Pea is more nutritious and 2nd food source after cereals at Pakistan, but due to lake of proper management, yield is still not up to mark as compare to developed world. To reduce this problem, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mulching material and sowing dates on the yield of Pea. The study consisted of three different mulching materials (Polythene Black, Polythene Blue and Polythene Brown) with three different sowing dates (1st, 15th and 30th October) arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results showed that different sowing dates and mulching materials had significant effect on the yield parameters of Pea. Regarding sowing dates, maximum days to pod formation (8.08 days), pods plant?1 (21.25), Pod weight (18.84 g) and pod yield (4.39 tons ha?1) were noted in pea sown on October 1st. Whereas, minimum data of days to pod formation (3.08 days), pod plant?1 (15.34), pod weight (13.17 g) and pod yields (2.69tons ha?1) were recorded in pea sown on October 30th. In case of mulching types maximum number of pods plant?1 (19.00), pod length (6.89 cm), seeds pod?1 (7.78), pod weight (17.34 g) and pod yield (3.69 tons ha?1) were observed in pea mulched with Polythene Black, while minimum pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, pod weight and pod yield were found in control. The study suggested that pea should be sown on October 1st while mulched with Polythene Black to produce maximum yield and production in agro environment of district Peshawar.

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Brant, V., M. Kroulík, J. Pivec, P. Zábranský, J. Hakl, J. Holec, Z. Kvíz, and l. Procházka. "Splash erosion in maize crops under conservation management in combination with shallow strip-tillage before sowing." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 2 (April 10, 2017): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/147/2015-swr.

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Soil under maize cropping is among the most endangered by erosion. The effect of conservation tillage management on values of splash erosion when using shallow strip tillage before sowing maize was evaluated in the Central Bohemian region (Czech Republic) during the period 2010–2012. The following types of tillage management using conventional technology and shallow tillage were evaluated: ploughed plots with mulch formed by weed biomass (PLW), ploughed plots with mulch from perennial ryegrass plants (PLPR), ploughed plots without mulch (PL) and shallow tillage (ST) where the mulch was formed by cereals straw. Furthermore, values of the splash erosion, plants and plant residues coverage ratio of soil by image analysis and the stability of soil aggregates were monitored during the whole experiment. The average value of splash erosion (MSR) was higher by 18.7% in the variant of PLW, lower by 35.9% in PLPR, and lower by 39.5% in ST, than in the control treatment PL (MSR value for PL = 100%) for the whole evaluated period (2010–2012). The average values of the soil surface plant coverage ratio in the plots with mulch ranged from 1.5 to 43.0% at the beginning of the vegetation period, and from 4.9 to 85.5% in the second half of the vegetation period. A positive correlation was observed between the average values of the stability of soil aggregates and the plant coverage ratio of the soil surface in 2010 and 2011.

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Hejnák, V., H. Hniličková, and F. Hnilička. "Effect of ontogeny, heterophylly and leaf position on the gas exchange of the hop plant." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 11 (November 4, 2014): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/671/2014-pse.

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This paper evaluates the influence of ontogeny and the position of bine and offshoot leaves on the rate of photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) in hop plants. In the ontogeny influencing Pn, E and gs among hops. The highest Pn was measured in phase 81–89 BBCH and E and gs in phase 61–69 BBCH. The Pn increased over the course of ontogeny from the 1st to 3rd level of the hop plants. From the 61 BBCH phase, the leaves of the first and second level achieved a photosynthetic maturity and Pn value no longer increased. The third-level leaves achieved photosynthetic maturity from the 81 BBCH phase. Higher E was measured in the upper parts of the hop plant. Pn and E were higher in the bine leaves in the third level of the hop plant over the entire course of the vegetation period. In the first and second level of the hop plant, higher values of Pn were measured in the offshoot leaves. Differences in gs were not noteworthy among the leaf types. Results show that a significant factor affecting the differences in Pn and E in hops is the age of the leaves.

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Zakharova, Yu A., A. N. Frolov, and A. M. Artemyeva. "Monitoring of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella</> L.) on the Brassica oleracea L. collection in the vicinity of St. Petersburg." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-219-228.

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Background. Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) has now acquired the status of the most dangerous pest of plants from the Brassicaceae family in the world, including Russia. In order to identify genotypes resistant to the pest, cabbage accessions from the VIR global collection were assessed in the field according to plant infestation and damage by diamondback moth in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.Materials and methods. The infestation of plants by diamondback moth was assessed on model accessions when examining all plants in the plot by (1) the number of larvae and pupae, and (2) leaf damage, assessed using a standard scoring scale. The number of adults was monitored using sticky Delta traps of two designs: (1) cardboard traps equipped with commercial dispensers with synthetic sex pheromone, and (2) plastic LED traps designed at VIZR.Results. The results of field surveys attested to very high variation among cabbage accessions in the rates of infestation and damage to plants caused by diamondback moth. The data on the abundance of adults caught by pheromone traps correlated well with the estimates of larval and pupal density of the pest on plants. The capture rate of diamondback moths with LED traps varied greatly during the season. In June/early July, i.e., during the period of the so called “white” nights, LED traps caught diamondback moths much worse than pheromone ones, but during the second half of July and August their capture rate significantly exceeded that of pheromone traps. As a result, the relationship between numbers of diamondback moth larvae on plants and adults in LED traps turned out to be negative. Conclusion. The resulting materials indicate obvious prospects of studying the VIR global collection in order to identify sources of host plant resistance to diamondback moth. The abundance of this pest in northern regions of its spreading is recommended to be controlled with pheromone traps.

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Supriyono, Supriyono, Tohari Tohari, Abdul Syukur, and Didik Indradewa. "Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Karabenguk (Mucuna pruriens) sebagai Tanaman Penutup Tanah pada Dua Musim Berbeda." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 19, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v19i1.20452.

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This research does to known: 1) the effect of season, 2) the effect of cover crop kind and organic fertilizer, and 3) the interaction of two factors on growth and yield of velvet bean as cover crops. This research was conducted in Tancep, Ngawen, Gunungkidul at 170 m usl, litosol, 5-17 cm level of soil tillage, 9-10o elevation level, was started at December 2002 and finished at August 2003.This research design was factorial-RCBD, 1st factor was planting season on 2 level, rainy and dry seasons, 2nd factor was cover crop kind on 6 levels, rase and putih gunungkidul velvet bean, Cm and Cp as conventional cover crops, rase and putih gunungkidul with organic fertilizer velvet bean. Per planting hole with 1 plant for velvet bean and 10 plant for coventional cover crop.The result of this research were: 1st, velvet bean growth on rainy season very high than dry season, 2nd vegetative growth rate on velvet bean higher than conventional cover crop, 3rd without fertilizer, velvet bean have some growth and yield comparing by fertilizer velvet bean and 4th some yield variable, dry season was indicated better than rainy season.

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Yurchenko, Eugene, and Dasha Belomesyatseva. "Robillarda sessilis, a rare coelomycete isolated from Scots pine seedlings." Acta Mycologica 45, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2010.004.

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A coelomycete with appendage-bearing conidia, R. sessilis, was isolated three times from stems of living healthy Pinus sylvestris seedlings of the 1st year growing in a nursery in central Belarus. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the fungus in culture is described.

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Karampoula, Doulgeraki, Fotiadis, Tampakaki, and Nychas. "Monitoring Biofilm Formation and Microbial Interactions that May Occur During a Salmonella Contamination Incident across the Network of a Water Bottling Plant." Microorganisms 7, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080236.

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The present study aims to monitor the ability of Salmonella to colonize and compete as a member of the mixed species biofilm within key points at a water bottling plant, in case of a contamination incident with this major foodborne pathogen. To achieve this goal, bacterial communities throughout the production line were collected and their identities were investigated by microbial counts and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). These bacterial communities alone or along with constructed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) fluorescence-based bioreporters were left to form a biofilm on stainless steel for 6 days at 20 °C. ST bioreporters were constructed by introducing plasmids expressing EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) fusions of the genes csgB, csrA, sspH2, and fliD into ST 14028S. The bead vortexing-plate counting method was applied for the enumeration of the biofilm population, while the behavior of the bioreporters was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. From a set of 16 samples that were collected from the plant, species of Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Exiguobacterium were identified. The presence of these indigenous bacteria neither inhibited nor enhanced the biofilm formation of ST in mixed bacterial communities (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the csrA-based bioreporter was shown to be induced in multispecies biofilms with Citrobacter. In conclusion, this study enhanced our knowledge of bacterial interactions occurring within a biofilm in a water bottling plant.

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Víchová, J., B. Staňková, R. Pokorný, and K. Vejražka. "Evaluation of safflower varieties for resistance to the fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum acutatum." Plant Protection Science 49, No. 3 (June 18, 2013): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2012-pps.

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The influence of plant growth stage, inoculum density, and variety on the disease severity and incidence were studied. Our results indicated that growth stage of the plant had no influence on infection rate, as the pathogen attacked 100% of tested plants. When applying three different inoculum concentrations to three weeks old safflower plants, no statistical differences were recorded, disease incidence ranged 32.0–47.0%. In this test, the 3rd and 4th evaluated leaves (the youngest) were infected more intensively than were the 1st and 2nd leaves. Among 11 safflower varieties tested for resistance to this pathogen, cultivar CW 1221 manifested the highest resistance with 8.3% infection, whereas two cultivars, Sabina and AC Sunset, were found to be the most susceptible with 90.0 and 83.3% infection.

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McCullough, Patrick E., Diego Gómez De Barreda, Thomas V. Reed, Jialin Yu, and F. Clint Waltz. "Sod Harvesting Intervals of Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses for Halosulfuron and Sulfentrazone." Weed Technology 28, no. 1 (March 2014): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00083.1.

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Sedges are problematic weeds that reduce quality of turfgrass sod, and herbicides may be needed for control prior to harvesting. The objective of this research was to evaluate application timing of halosulfuron and sulfentrazone on sod quality, tensile strength, and postharvest rooting of four warm-season turfgrasses. Bermudagrass injury from herbicides was minimal (< 10%), but injury to centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass was detected before harvesting and generally increased with sulfentrazone rate from 0.21 to 0.84 kg ai ha−1. Sod tensile strength was not reduced from the nontreated for bermudagrass and centipedegrass treated with herbicides, but tensile strength was reduced 15 and 22% following herbicide applications 1 wk before harvesting (WBH) St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass, respectively. Sulfentrazone at 0.84 kg ha−1reduced zoysiagrass tensile strength 20% from the nontreated, but other treatments did not reduce measurements. Turfgrass injury from halosulfuron was negligible on all species, and treatments did not affect sod tensile strength of the four species. Treatments did not affect root mass of any species at 4 wk after sod transplanting. Sod quality after transplanting was reduced from the nontreated on several dates for centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass when treated with sulfentrazone 1 and 2 WBH, and zoysiagrass quality was reduced from treatments 4 WBH. Bermudagrass quality after transplanting was not reduced from the nontreated by any herbicides. Results suggest sod harvesting should be delayed 1, > 2, > 2, and ≥ 4 weeks after sulfentrazone applications at labeled rates for bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass, respectively. Sod harvesting should be delayed 1, 2, ≥ 4, and 2 wk after halosulfuron treatments at 0.07 kg ai ha−1for bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass, respectively.

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Chen, Qiang, Xingyi Zhang, Li Sun, Jianhua Ren, Yaru Yuan, and Shuying Zang. "Influence of Tillage on the Mollisols Physicochemical Properties, Seed Emergence and Yield of Maize in Northeast China." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100939.

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Tillage practices are critical for sustaining soil quality necessary for successful crop growth and productivity, but there are only few studies for strip tillage (ST) in the Mollisols region of Northeast China at present. A long-term (≥10-year) study was carried out to investigate the influence of within the tilled row (IR) and between rows (BR) in ST (10-year), conventional tillage (CT, 14-year) and no tillage (NT, 14-year) treatments on soil physicochemical properties. Soil samples were taken in May of 2019 at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths and used to analyze bulk density (BD), soil aggregate distribution and stability, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Meanwhile, our study also explored the differences in seed emergence, soil moisture, and temperature during the seed emergence period, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) among the different treatments. Similar soil properties were observed between ST-BR and NT, which showed they had a significantly greater BD, >0.25 mm water stable aggregate content (WR0.25) (especially in the amount of >2 mm and 1–2 mm size proportion), aggregate stability, and SOC than ST-IR and CT-IR at a depth of 0–20 cm. By improving soil conditions of seedbed, ST-IR and CT-IR increased soil temperature above NT by 1.64 °C and 1.80 °C, respectively, and ST-IR had a slight greater soil moisture than CT-IR in the top 10 cm layer during the seed emergence period. Late maize seed emergence was observed NT in than ST-IR and CT-IR and the average annual yields in ST were slightly greater than NT and CT, but the differences were not significant. Our results also showed that CT-BR had a poor soil structure and lower SOC than other treatments at 0–30 cm depth. We conclude from these long-term experimental results that ST could improve soil water-heat conditions to promote seed germination, maintain soil structure, and increase the maize yield and it should be applied in the Mollisols region of Northeast China.

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Srinivas, T., and D. Vignesh. "Performance enhancement of GT-ST power plant with inlet air cooling using lithium bromide/water vapour absorption refrigeration system." International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 8, no. 1 (2012): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2012.046016.

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Xiao, Hong, Nannan Li, Longtao Yan, and Yong Xue. "The Hydration Characteristics, Structural Properties and Volatile Profile of Squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) Mantle Muscle: Impacts of Steaming, Boiling, and Sous Vide Cooking." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071646.

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Herein, the effects of boiling (BO), steaming (ST), and sous vide (SV) on the hydration characteristics, structural properties, and volatile profile of squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) mantle muscle (SMM) were investigated. Three cooking methods resulted in a dramatic decrease in proton mobility and freedom of protons, the relaxation time T2 decreased after cooking, and the water binding in the SMM was closer, but the SV treatment could retain more water in the SMM. SV resulted in a lower cooking loss (10.8%) than ST (49.0%) and BO (36.7%). Samples treated with SV had a better color and texture, the secondary structure β-fold of the squid protein was damaged by cooking to a certain extent, and the damage degree was BO > ST > SV. Compared with BO and ST, SV treatment caused more damage to the myosin heavy chain, paramyosin, and actin in SMM, improved the tenderness of SMM, and resulted in more regular internal reticular structures and less formation of fibrous structures. Cooking methods can significantly affect the volatile components of SMM, resulting in increasing volatile components or generating new volatile components in SMM including 2-methylbutanal, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, acetic acid, and propyl methyl ketone in ST and BO samples and 2-methylbutanal, hexanal, and 2,3-pentanedione in SV samples. Therefore, SV resulted in the best quality squids and has substantial industrial application potential.

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Silva, Márcia S., André L. Lourenção, José Alberto C. de Souza-Dias, Hilário da S. Miranda Filho, Valdir J. Ramos, and Eliana A. Schammass. "Resistance of potato genotypes (Solanum spp.) to Bemisia tabaci biotype B." Horticultura Brasileira 26, no. 2 (June 2008): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362008000200018.

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The resistance of 24 potato genotypes to B. tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was evaluated in five greenhouse experiments. The first experiment we evaluated the attractiveness and preference for oviposition in a free-choice test (randomized blocks, 24 treatments, and eight replications). In two other experiments we evaluated no-choice preference for oviposition (randomized blocks, six treatments, and ten replications). The whitefly egg-adult cycle was monitored using a statistical design in randomized blocks with five replications. Trichome density was evaluated in an experiment with 24 treatments and six replications, in a completely randomized design. In the free-choice test, potato genotypes NYL 235-4 and IAC-1966 were the most attractive to adults, while cultivars Achat, Aracy Ruiva, and Monte Bonito presented the lowest number of adults. Also in this assay, cultivars Achat, Ibituaçu, Panda, IAC-1966, and Agata presented the lowest number of eggs, while in the no-choice test, only cultivar Achat and IAC-1966 remained resistant. Consequently, for these two genotypes non-preference is the oviposition resistance mechanism. The egg-adult cycle varied from 21 days (cultivar Panda) to 22.5 days (clones IAC-1966 and NYL 235-4). The adult emergence varied from 91.2% (clone IAC-1966) to 99.3% (cultivar Ibituaçu). Clone NYL 235-4 had the greatest number of simple (ST) and glandular (GT) trichomes; while clone IAC-1966 had the lowest number of ST and, clone IAC-6290, of GT. There were significant correlations between adult attractiveness and oviposition preference; between oviposition preference and ST density; and between oviposition preference and GT density. Considering all characteristics, cultivar Achat was the most resistant to B. tabaci biotype B among all potato genotypes studied, while clone NYL 235-4 proved (past tense) to be susceptible.

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Drewitz, Nathaniel M., and David E. Stoltenberg. "Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management." Weed Science 66, no. 5 (September 2018): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.40.

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AbstractPrevious research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea maysL.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years.Chenopodium albumdensities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities thanC. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, withC. albumaccounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

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Zheng, Feng-Ling, Sheng-Min Liang, Xiao-Ning Chu, Yong-Lu Yang, and Qiang-Sheng Wu. "Mycorrhizal fungi enhance flooding tolerance of peach through inducing proline accumulation and improving root architecture." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 12 (December 2, 2020): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/520/2020-pse.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae on plant growth, root architecture, and proline metabolism in roots of peach (Prunes persica L.) under non-flooding and flooding conditions. The 12-day flooding dramatically inhibited root colonisation of G. mosseae, but induced a large number of extraradical mycelia. Although the flooding treatment also relatively inhibited growth and root architecture of peach, the mycorrhizal fungal inoculation dramatically increased shoot and root biomass, plant height, stem diameter, number of 1st- and 2nd-order lateral roots, root total length (mainly 0–1 cm and > 3 cm long), root surface area, and root volume under flooding. The study also revealed distinctly higher proline accumulation in the roots of mycorrhizal plants than non-mycorrhizal plants under both non-flooding and flooding conditions, accompanied by higher Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) activity and lower δ-ornithine transaminase and proline dehydrogenase activities. In addition, the PpP5CS1 gene expression was up-regulated by flooding and mycorrhization. This study concluded that mycorrhizal fungi enhanced flooding tolerance of peach through inducing proline accumulation and improving root architecture.

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Dreiseitl, A. "Variety resistance of winter barley to powdery mildew in the field in 1976−2005." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2067-cjgpb.

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The results of evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in winter barley varieties in 285 Czech Official Trials conducted at 20 locations were analysed. Over the period, the number of varieties tested per year increased from four to seven in 1976−1985 to 53−61 in 2002−2005. To assess the resistance of varieties, only trials with sufficient disease severity were used. In 1976−2000, six varieties (1.7% of the varieties tested in the given years) ranked among resistant (average resistance of a variety in a year > 7.5) including NR-468 possessing the gene Mla13, KM-2099 with mlo and Marinka with the genes Mla7, MlaMu2. In 2001−2005, already 33 varieties (16.9%) ranked among resistant, of which Traminer possessing the genes Ml(St) and Ml(IM9 dominated. The proportion of susceptible varieties (average resistance ≤ 5.5) did not change in the two mentioned periods. Two-rowed varieties began to be tested as late as in 1990 (the first variety was Danilo), however, no difference was found in the resistance of two- and six-rowed varieties. Using an example of two pairs of varieties (Dura-Miraj and Marinka-Tiffany) with identical genes for specific resistance but with different resistance in the field, the efficiency of non-specific resistance is discussed. The resistance of domestic and foreign varieties was similar in 1994−2000; however, in 2001−2005 the difference was 0.75 point to disadvantage of domestic ones.

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Giroux, Jean-François, and Renée Bergeron. "Spring diets of sympatric Greater Snow Geese and Canada Geese in southern Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-107.

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We compared the diets of Greater Snow Geese (Anser caerulescens atlantica) and Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) during their spring staging period at Lake St. Pierre in southern Quebec. In waste cornfields, diet was established by examining the esophageal contents of birds shot while feeding, whereas in grasslands, diet was determined by microhistological analysis of plant fragments found in droppings. Corn accounted for >95% of the diet of both species when feeding in cornfields. Grasses, especially Phleum pratense, dominated the diet of both species in all grassland habitats (>86%), whereas legumes represented <5%. The relative proportions of some food items differed between the species but constituted only a small portion of the overall diet. The high degree of similarity in the diets of these two species when feeding in the same habitats suggests that there is little ecological segregation and, thus, potential for competition. Feeding by geese in cornfields has no impact on the subsequent crop yield. Although grazing can decrease harvestable biomass, this is presently unlikely in the Lake St. Pierre area because of the pattern of habitat use by geese.

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NYAMGEREL, Nudkhuu, Shukherdorj BAASANMUNKH, Batlai OYUNTSETSEG, Dashzeveg OYUNTSETSEG, Joscelyn NORRIS, Hyeok Jae CHOI, and Gun-Aajav BAYARMAA. "Genetic diversity of the threatened Saussurea dorogostaiskii (Asteraceae) in the Khuvsgul region of Mongolia." Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 53, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.1.14.

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Saussurea dorogostaiskii Palib. (Asteraceae) is a critically endangered medicinal plant in Mongolia and Russia. We studied the genetic variation of S. dorogostaiskii from three mountains of northern Mongolia. The genetic profile was assessed in 70 individuals from eight populations using five inter-simple sequence repeat markers, producing 53 loci with 96.4% polymorphism across all bands. Shannon’s index (I) and Nei’s gene diversity (H) value at the species level of S. dorogostaiskii are 0.25 and 0.17, respectively. An AMOVA showed high genetic variation among the populations (22% of populations and 32% of mountains), consistent with the high genetic differentiation (GST = 0.49) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.51) in S. dorogostaiskii populations. Eight populations were clustered into two groups, corresponding to their geographic locations. The low within-population genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation among S. dorogostaiskii populations factor into their endangered designation. This genetic analysis reveals that all populations are equally threatened, and community-based conservation is appropriate for these species.

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Yang, Xianqin, Hui Wang, Scott Hrycauk, Devin B. Holman, and Tim C. Ells. "Microbial Dynamics in Mixed-Culture Biofilms of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Bacteria Surviving Sanitation of Conveyor Belts of Meat Processing Plants." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020421.

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Biofilm formation can lead to the persistence of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and E. coli O157:H7 (O157). This study investigated the impact of meat processing surface bacteria (MPB) on biofilm formation by O157 (non-biofilm former; NF) and ST (strong biofilm former; BF). MPB were recovered from the contacting surfaces (CS), non-contacting surfaces (NCS), and roller surfaces (RS) of a beef plant conveyor belt after sanitation. O157 and ST were co-inoculated with MPB (CO), or after a delay of 48 h (IS), into biofilm reactors containing stainless steel coupons and incubated at 15 °C for up to 144 h. Coupons were withdrawn at various intervals and analyzed by conventional plating and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The total bacterial counts in biofilms reached approximately 6.5 log CFU/cm2, regardless of MPB type or development mode. The mean counts for O157 and ST under equivalent conditions mostly did not differ (p > 0.05), except for the IS set at 50 h, where no O157 was recovered. O157 and ST were 1.6 ± 2.1% and 4.7 ± 5.0% (CO) and 1.1 ± 2.2% and 2.0 ± 2.8% (IS) of the final population. Pseudomonas dominated the MPB inocula and biofilms, regardless of MPB type or development mode. Whether or not a pathogen is deemed BF or NF in monoculture, its successful integration into complex multi-species biofilms ultimately depends on the presence of certain other residents within the biofilm.

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Yan, Geqi, Zhengxiang Shi, and Hao Li. "Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds Based on Surface Temperature for Lactating Dairy Cows in a Temperate Climate." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970.

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Detecting the early signs of heat stress is highly important in dairy farming. The surface temperature (ST) of cattle can reflect their thermal status and using such a measuring method can be efficient and non-invasive. However, few studies have reported the temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds for ST. This study aimed to identify the critical THI thresholds for the ST of dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of the lactation stage and the lactation number. The study included 233 Holstein lactating cows from July 2020 to October 2020 in a temperate climate in China. There were 1556 records of the rectal temperature, and the maximum ST (STmax) and average ST (STave) of the head, eye, cheek, ear, neck, trunk, udder, foreleg, and hindleg were recorded. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded to calculate the average THI. Physiological data were collected twice daily (08:00–12:00, 14:00–16:00). The critical THI thresholds were determined using the breakpoints of piecewise linear models. The significance of breakpoints was tested using the Davies test. A one-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of the lactation stage (0–60 DIM, 61–200 DIM, 201–300 DIM, DIM is days in milk) and the lactation number (1, 2, 3+) on the THI thresholds. The results showed that the rectal temperature was significantly positively correlated with all the ST variables (0.57 ≤ r ≤ 0.71, p < 0.01). The critical THI thresholds for STmax (mean of 76.1 THI, range of 73.6 to 77.9 THI) were significantly higher than those for STave (mean of 72.6 THI, range of 69.1 to 77.2 THI) (p < 0.01). The lactation stage only significantly affected the thresholds for STmax (p < 0.05), and the lactation number did not significantly influence the thresholds for both STmax and STave (p > 0.05). This study concluded that the STave was more appropriate to define thresholds than the STmax. The threshold for the STave of the cheek (69.1 THI) was the lowest among the thresholds, indicating that the STave of the cheek could be a prior ST variable to determine critical THI thresholds. Our findings demonstrated the potential of using ST variables to define critical THI thresholds.

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Begcevic Brkovic, Ilijana, Madlen Reinicke, Soroth Chey, Ingo Bechmann, and Uta Ceglarek. "Characterization of Non-Cholesterol Sterols in Microglia Cell Membranes Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry." Cells 12, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12070974.

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Background: Non-cholesterol sterols, as well as plant sterols, cross the blood–brain barrier and, thus, can be incorporated into cell membranes, affecting the cell’s inflammatory response. The aim of our work was to develop an analytical protocol for a quantitative assessment of the sterol composition within the membrane microdomains of microglia. Methods: A protocol for cell membrane isolation using OptiPrepTM gradient ultracentrifugation, in combination with a targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assay, was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of free sterols in microglia cell membranes. Results: Utilizing an established LC-MS/MS assay, cholesterol and seven non-cholesterol sterols were analyzed with a limit of detection from 0.001 to 0.05 mg/L. Applying the detergent-free isolation of SIM-A9 microglia cell membranes, cholesterol (CH), desmosterol (DE), lanosterol (LA) stigmasterol (ST), beta-sitosterol (SI) and campesterol (CA) were quantified with coefficients of variations between 6 and 29% (fractions 4–6, n = 5). The highest concentrations of non-CH sterols within the microglia plasma membranes were found in the microdomain region (DE>LA>SI>ST>CA), with ratios to CH ranging from 2.3 to 435 lower abundancies. Conclusion: By applying our newly developed and validated analytical protocol, we show that the non-CH sterol concentration is about 38% of the total sterol content in microglia membrane microdomains. Further investigations must clarify how changes in the non-sterol composition influence membrane fluidity and cell signaling.

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Coelho, Geraldo Ceni, Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath, and Eloir Paulo Schenkel. "Populational Diversity on Leaf Morphology of Maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 1 (March 2002): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000100008.

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Maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is a native plant from southern Brazil and a raw material for beverages. To research on population variability of the species, we compared leaf morphology of three populations from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Paraná (PR) and Santa Catarina (SC) States. Lamina measurements included area (A), perimeter (P), length (l), maximum width (w), distance between maximum width and lamina base (dw), base angle (BÂ), biomass (m), and the indexes: relative distance of maximum width (dw/l), ratio length/width (l/w), relative perimeter (RP= P / (l + w), rectangular area index (RAI = A / (l x w)) and leaf mass/area (m/A). We verified differences among populations on A (MS<PR=SC), l (MS<PR=SC), w (MS<PR=SC), RAI (MS=PR>SC) and m/A (MS>PR, MS=SC, PR=SC). The lowest RAI of SC could be explained, at least partially, by a positive correlation between RAI and BÂ (r= 0.6043, p<0.01).

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Miller, J. J., B. W. Beasley, F. J. Larney, and B. M. Olson. "Barley dry matter yield, crop uptake, and soil nutrients under fresh and composted manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-208.

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Limited information exists on the effect of fresh versus composted beef cattle manure containing straw or wood chips on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient status in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta from 1999 to 2001. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry material per hectare) of fresh manure (FM) or composted manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment (100 kg N ha-1, 17 kg P ha-1), and a control treatment; applied in the fall of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Dry matter yield was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by manure type or bedding material. Crop protein was 7% higher under FM (12.7 g kg-1) than CM (11.9 g kg-1) in 2001, and crop N uptake was 11 to 13% higher for CM-ST (171.3 kg ha-1) and FM-WD (174.9 kg ha-1) than CM-WD (154.7 kg ha-1) over the 3 yr. Soil available N was 20 to 261% higher for FM than CM at the 39 and 77 Mg ha-1 rates, and it was 62 to 199% higher for FM than CM in 2000 and 2001. Soil available N was 48 to 57% higher for ST than WD at the two higher application rates, and it was 26 to 65% higher for ST than WD in all 3 yr. Overall, manure type and bedding influenced certain crop and soil parameters, and higher available soil N under FM and ST indicated a potential for greater mineralization under these treatments. Key words: Barley yield, nutrient uptake, soil nutrients, fresh manure, compost, bedding

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28

Story, R. N. "Cabbage Looper Control, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.119.

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Abstract The study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA. Seedling cabbage was transplanted onto 38-inch rows on 15 Feb with 15-inch spacing between plants. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots containing 8 plants. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzel containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 15 mesh strainer. Treatments were applied on 18 Apr, 7 and 24 May. Evaluations of cabbage looper damage were made on 10 Jun by: 1) counting the number of feeding holes >2 cm2 in each of 6 wrapper leaves in each plant and 2) visually inspecting the head for damage and rating it damaged or undamaged. The leaf rating was calculated as the mean number of holes per leaf, while the head damage was expressed as the percentage of heads damaged.

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Symanowicz, B., S. Kalesa, W. Skorupka, and M. Niedbała. "The changes of enzymatic activity of soil under eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) after NPKCa fertilization." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 3 (March 19, 2014): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/905/2013-pse.

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Changes in the enzymatic activity of soil variably fertilized with NPKCa were investigated in a field experiment carried out in 2005–2010. The study was conducted with a legume plant, i.e. eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.). The experiment was completely randomized and carried out in three replications with the following mineral fertilization: control, N, P, K, NPK, NP, NK, PK, NPKCa, PKCa, Ca, NKCa, and NPCa. Mineral fertilization was applied in kg/ha: (N-20, P-50, K-160, Ca-150). The soil samples collected from the Ap horizon (0–30 cm) of the rhizosphere in spring after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd swathing had a pHKCl in range from 6.55 to 6.93. The activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was at a low level. The highest activity of urease was recorded in the soil fertilized with NPK, whereas the highest activity of dehydrogenases was in the soil fertilized with PKCa.

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Wan, Anping, and Ting Chen. "Performance degradation analysis of combined cycle power plant under high ambient temperature." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210221226w.

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The mechanism of performance degradation of a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant under high ambient temperature is studied by analysing the performance characteristics and thermal properties of the working fluids. Real operating data under typical seasonal conditions are collected and studied. The results reveal that the power output of the NGCC system decreases by 22.6 %, and the energy efficiency decreases from 57.28 % to 56.3 % when the ambient temperature increases from 5-35?C. GT total power output and ST power output decrease by 17.0 % and 16.2 %, respectively, as ambient temperature increases from 5-35 0C. The enthalpy difference of the flue gas between the turbine inlet and outlet change slightly with varying ambient temperature. The fuel and air input decrease by 16.0 % and 16.2 %, respectively, as ambient temperature increases from 5-35?C. By analysing the calculated results, the decrement in air and fuel input d is considered as the immediate cause of system power output reduction. The proportion of power consumed by AC reaches 50.4 % at 35?C. This is considered to be caused by air compressor idle.

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Vigbedor, Bright Yaw, Clement Osei Akoto, and David Neglo. "Isolation and Identification of Flavanone Derivative Eriodictyol from the Methanol Extract of Afzelia africana Bark and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023 (May 9, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9345047.

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Background. Afzelia africana is a plant species with well-documented ethnobotanical and medicinal properties. The plant is reported to have various secondary metabolites and had been applied for the treatment of various diseased conditions. Objectives. The study objectives include fractionation, isolation, purification, and characterization of eriodictyol from the bark of A. africana, and the determination of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methodology. The series of methodologies that were employed include fractionations and purification (column chromatography), characterization (HPLC, LC-MS, IR, 1H, 13C, DEPT-135, HSQC, and HMBC), antimicrobial assays (microbroth dilution and checkerboard assay), and antioxidant activities assays (ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity). Results. The study reports the identification and characterization of eriodictyol from the bark of A. africana which exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals with scavenging capacities (SC50) of 2.14 ± 0.05 and 2.51 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The compound exhibited its antimicrobial activity by reporting good bacteriostatic activities (MBC/MIC > 4) against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans (CA2). Moreover, a broad spectrum of bactericidal effects (MBC/MIC ≤ 4) was reported against Streptococcus mutans (SM), Escherichia coli (EC), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Klebsiella pneumonia (KP), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Salmonella typhi (ST), and standard Candida albicans (CA1). The compound further exhibited synergistic effects against EC, KP, ST, and MRSA; ST; and CA2 when combined with ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nystatin, respectively. However, antagonistic effects were observed against PA and CA1 when combined with ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole, respectively. Conclusion. The study reports for the first time the identification of eriodictyol from the bark of A. africana which exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

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Zając, Tadeusz. "Comparative study of morphological traits and productivity of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers) cultivated in pure sowing and in mixture with papilionaceous plants and grasses. Part II. Relationship between morphological traits of papilionaceous in l -st cutting." Acta Agrobotanica 52, no. 1-2 (2013): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1999.007.

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Plant samples at the and of 1-st cutting were collected from field experiment or from teaching collection in order to determine the degree of relationship of in pairs of traits. The degree of the relationship between investigated was estimated by linear or curvilinear regresion and only equations for which coeficient of determination R2 was greated than 0.5 were reported in the paper. Leave surface area from steams of compared species of papilionaceous depended to small degree on the shave of small leaves in this feature (<1/4 x) The magnitude of the total leave surface area depended on large, and mainly average leaves. Increasing number of leaves on the steam had a positive effect on total leave surface area, and moderate linear relation between features was observed (R2=0.70). The order of species according to their decreasing number of leaves on the steam is following: alfalfa-33,4 > bird's foot trefoi1-15,2 > red clover-7,9 > sainfoin-5,1. Between the mass of the steam of single species and its length curvilinear relation was observed, which informs about above average influence of longer steams (>70 cm) on yield. Plant mass was poorly correlated with the total steam length. Among single plants (small, average, large) significant differences were observed in the mass of single steams. Share of separated groups of steams in the mass of tops varied greatly and was following: 25% of largest steams decided about the half of its yield. In turn 50% of steams (small and very small) formed only 25% of top yield.

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Saraswati, Anggita, Irmawati M. Dikman, and Retno Budiarti. "The Effect of Jeruju Leaf Extract (Acanthus ilicifolius) on Decrease Blood Level of LDL of Male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced Alloxan." Oceana Biomedicina Journal 3, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/obj.v3i2.50.

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<h1 align="left">ABSTRACT</h1>Background : DM is a chronic disease that has long-term complications. Alloxan is a fast way to produce experimental diabetic (hyperglycemic) in animal experiments related to elevated LDL. Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) is a low-growth herbaceous plant that easily grows containing secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Phenols.Objective : To determine the effect of jeruju leaf extract on the decrease in blood levels of LDL of male Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced Alloxan.Methods : This research is an experimental laboratory type with Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample using 24 rats, which were divided into 3 groups: negative control group (K-) were given standard feed; positive control group (K +) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1st day; the treatment group (P) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1st day and was given jeruju leaf extract 67.2 mg/kgBW on 5th-14th day. The 15th day a blood sample was taken to determine LDL levels.Result : The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed an insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in LDL level of K- ( = 9.75 mg/dl) and the K+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl ). Insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in P ( = 9 mg/dl) with blood LDL levels in the K+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl) and the K- ( = 9, 75 mg/dl).Conclusion : Giving alloxan can increase blood levels of LDL and administration of jeruju leaf extract can reduce blood levels of LDL in experimental animals but not statistically significant. Keywords: Alloxan, LDL, Acanthus ilicifolius.

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Irmak, Suat, Dorota Z. Haman, Ayse Irmak, James W. Jones, Kenneth L. Campbell, and Thomas L. Crisman. "Measurement and Analyses of Growth and Stress Parameters of Viburnum odoratissimum (Ker-gawl) Grown in a Multi-pot Box System." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1445.

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Two colors (white and black) of a recently introduced irrigation-plant production system [multi-pot box system (MPBS)] for container-grown nurseries were researched and results were compared with those obtained from the sprinkler-irrigated conventional (control) system (CS). Experiments were carried out in summer and fall of 2001 in Gainesville, Fla. Plant growth [growth index (GI), growth rate (GR), and dry matter] and stress parameters [stomatal resistance (rs), crop water stress index (CWSI), plant water potential (PWP), and substrate temperature (ST)] were measured and analyzed for Viburnum odoratissimum (Ker-gawl). In both seasons, plants grown in the white MPBS had significantly higher GI and GR as compared to the plants in the black MPBS and CS. In summer, plants in the white MPBS reached marketable size about 17 days and 86 days earlier than those in the black MPBS and CS, respectively. In fall, they reached marketable size about 25 and 115 days earlier than those plants in the black MPBS and CS, respectively. Plants in the white and black MPBSs showed exponential growth rate in summer with plants in the white MPBS having significantly higher growth rate (greater slope) than the other two treatments. In both seasons, plants in the white MPBS produced the highest amount of dry matter. In general, plants in the white MPBS had lower rs values to vapor transport compared to the other two treatments, and the black MPBS treatment had lower rs values than the CS in both seasons. The CWSI values of the plants in both white and black MPBSs were significantly lower than the CS. In both seasons, ST in the black MPBS and CS exceeded the critical value of 40 °C several times. The ST of >40 °C is often reported to significantly reduce the plant growth and cause root death and/or injury for container-grown plants. Overall, the white MPBS provided a better environment for root development and plant growth under these experimental conditions. Results strongly suggest that there is a potential opportunity of using MPBS for irrigation and production of nursery plants. These important findings suggest that, in practice, producing nursery plants in a shorter period of time by using white MPBS will result in significant savings of energy, water, chemicals, and other inputs and thereby reducing the costs and increasing profits.

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Roe, Nancy E., Peter J. Stoffella, and Herbert H. Bryan. "Growth and Yields of Bell Pepper and Winter Squash Grown with Organic and Living Mulches." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (November 1994): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1193.

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Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compost prompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces with living mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, and municipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t·ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of `Jade' (JD) or `Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.) (SP) were established on the vertical sides of the raised beds before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) into the beds. Phytophthora capsici reduced pepper plant stand in PL-mulched plots compared with organic mulch (OM) and LM. Despite the stand reduction, total pepper yields were highest in PL plots and, in the OM plots, decreased in the order SY > MW > WC. Early fruit yields and yield per plant were highest from plants in PL plots followed by SY. Among LMs, plants in SP plots produced highest early yields and FT produced the lowest. Plants in PL plots produced the largest fruit. When the same plots were seeded with winter (butternut) squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), plant stands were higher in MW than WC and SY. Squash yields were similar between PL and OM plots.

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Miller, J. J., B. W. Beasley, E. Bremer, C. F. Drury, F. J. Larney, X. Hao, and D. S. Chanasyk. "Short-term legacy effects of feedlot manure amendments on irrigated barley yield and soil macronutrient supply." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0064.

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Limited research exists on short-term legacy effects of land application of different feedlot manures on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and soil macronutrient (NO3-N, PO4-P, K, and SO4-S) supply. In a study conducted in southern Alberta, feedlot manures with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding were either stockpiled or composted and applied annually to a clay loam soil at 13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1dry wt. for 17 yr. Control treatments without any amendments or with inorganic fertilizer were included. In the second and third year (2016–2017) after discontinuing manure applications in 2014, barley silage yield and soil nutrient supply measured in situ with plant root simulator (PRS®) probes were determined. No significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects occurred on barley yield. Significant treatment effects occurred on soil nutrient supply, but these depended on date and interaction with other treatment factors. Manure rate generally increased soil nutrient supply. Soil NO3-N and PO4-P supply were 40%–59% lower for composted manure with ST than the other three manure type-bedding treatments, and they were 26%–53% greater for stockpiled than composted manure. This indicated variable manure type effects at different dates. At the two highest rates, soil K supply was 60%–106% greater for ST than WD bedding, and the reverse trend occurred where SO4-S supply was 40%–174% greater for WD than ST bedding. Overall, short-term legacy effects of feedlot manure type and bedding were more persistent on soil macronutrient supply than barley silage yield.

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Petrauskas, Giedrius, Eglė Norkevičienė, Vaclovas Stukonis, and Vilma Kemešytė. "Phenotypic traits for wild red clover seed yield under drought conditions." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 56, No. 4 (October 19, 2020): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2019-cjgpb.

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Changes in the gene pool and homogeneity of red clover cultivars occur over time. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly renew the breeding material and foundation seed. Moreover, the market also prescribes a new demand. Based on the Natura 2000 habitats profile, we collected seeds from 39 locations across Lithuania in 2016. The phenotypic traits that affect the seed yield of red clover were analysed in 2018. The homogeneity of the populations with reference to the seed yield and 1 000 seed weight (TSW) were determined as well. Also, the possibility of obtaining two seed yields per season under drought conditions from wild genotypes of red clover was analysed. We found that the final seed yield mostly depends on the seed number per flower head (SN/FH), which strongly correlated with 1st component of PCA during first (r = 0.91) and second (0.92) harvest. Meanwhile, the cluster analysis showed that the typical wild red clover has a lower seed weight than the cultivars and could be clustered on the basis of seed homogeneity. Finally, based on the seed phenotype and harvest components, there were five prospective accessions (2177, 2871, 2876, 2898 and 2899) for a new cultivar prototype.

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Sulek, Nazife, Ismail Döker, Alireza Saboori, and Ibrahim Cakmak. "Prey consumption capacity and functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different cotton varieties." Acarologia 63, no. 3 (June 2, 2023): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/o7gh-1c6y.

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This study aimed to determine the predatory performance of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on six different cotton varieties (Gloria, Lima, Carla, DP-396, Edessa, ST-468) with different leaf characteristics. The eggs and the protonymph stages of the prey with six prey densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160) were separately offered to a single female predator to determine its predation and oviposition rates for 24h. The results showed that P. persimilis exhibited a Type II functional response to both egg and protonymphal stages of T. urticae irrespective of cotton varieties. The highest attack rates (α) were 0.045 h- and 0.085 h- when the predator fed on eggs and protonymphs of T. urticae on Gloria (low trichome density) variety, respectively. There was a great similarity between the handling times (Th) of P. persimilis feeding on T. urticae eggs and protonymphs among different cotton varieties. No significant difference was found in terms of food consumption of P. persimilis fed on T. urticae eggs in different cotton varieties. In contrast, food consumptions of P. persimilis in all protonymph densities (except 160) were significantly higher on varieties with lower trichome density (Gloria and Lima) compared to the varieties with higher trichome density (Edessa and ST-468). The current study showed that the leaf trichome density of the cotton plant affected the prey consumption capacity of P. persimilis on T. urticae protonymphs. However, more studies are needed to address the issue from a wider perspective, especially to observe the performance and biological control potential of P. persimilis on cotton varieties under field conditions.

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Story, R. N., and B. H. Lye. "Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn in Louisiana, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.120a.

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Abstract A study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, Louisiana r Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University, St. Gabriel, LA to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides on fall armyworm on sweet corn.! Sweet corn of the cultivar ‘Jubilee’ was planted on 38-inch rows with a plant spacing of 12 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots 10 ft in length. Pesticides with a liquid formulation were applied to the whorls with a hand-held C02 pressurized ·prayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single hollow cone spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Granular pesticides were applied by hand into the whorls. Treatments were applied on 11 and 25 Sep. A damage index was used to quantify fall armyworm damage. The number of holes > 0.04 sq. inches present on each leaf above the ear (7-8 leaves) were counted on 5 plants in each treatment. The mean number of holes per leaf was calculated and served as an index of fall armyworm damage.

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Barsi, Dario, Carlo Costa, Francesca Satta, Pietro Zunino, and Vitaly Sergeev. "Feasibility of mini combined cycles for naval applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824507008.

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The objective of energy production with low environmental impact will have, in the near future, high potential of development also for naval applications. The containment of pollutant emissions can be achieved by the combined use of an innovative mini gas-steam combined cycle with thermal energy cogeneration to feed the ship thermal utilities, in place of the current Diesel engine application, and liquefied natural gas as fuel (LNG). The present work is focused on the definition of the architecture of the plant, by selecting optimal distribution of pressure and temperature and repartition of power between Gas Turbine (GT), Steam Turbine (ST) and thermal utilities, as well as on the choice and sizing of the individual components. The main purpose is the definition of a compact, high efficiency, system. The proposed basic mini-cycle ranges from 2 MW to 10 MW electric power. Thanks to the combined heat and power cogeneration plant adopted, for an overall electrical efficiency of about 30%, a total return (thermal + electricity) of about 75% can be achieved. An example of plant providing large power, in a partially modular arrangement is also proposed.

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Anderson, Neil O. "New Methodology to Teach Floral Induction in Floriculture Potted Plant Production Classes." HortTechnology 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.1.157.

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The increasing number of crops being grown for the floriculture market has frustrated educators faced with limited classroom and laboratory time. Time constraints necessitate selection of crops to serve as examples of floral induction treatment(s) and provide an accurate scope of production requirements for all cultivated species. Since flowers are the primary reason for purchasing most floricultural products—with the notable exception of cut and potted foliage—the various treatments required for flower bud initiation and development were used to categorize potted plants. New and old crops (>70 species) are categorized for flower bud initiation and development requirements, including photoperiod (short, long day, day neutral; facultative/obligate responses), vernalization, temperature, autonomous, rest period, and dormancy. Crop-specific temperature, irradiance, and photoperiod interactions are noted, as well as temperature × photoperiod interactions. A course syllabus can be modified to ensure that at least one crop from each category is presented to serve as a model. It is recommended that the class focuses on example crop(s) from each floral induction category and then reviews other crops within each category for differences or similarities. This method allows coverage of floral induction categories without leaving information gaps in the students' understanding. This method was used with students in the Fall 1999, floriculture production class (Hort 4051) at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul.

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Safronova, Elena Yu. "Siberian Routes of F. M. Dostoevsky." Неизвестный Достоевский 7, no. 1 (March 2020): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2020.4541.

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The article examines the routes Dostoevsky had followed from St. Petersburg to Siberia and back, and his travels through Siberia in 1850—1859. This task required a historically accurate reconstruction of Dostoevsky’s Siberian routes: Semipalatinsk—Zmiev, Semipalatinsk—Barnaul, Semipalatinsk—Zmiev—Barnaul—Kuznetsk, Semipalatinsk—Loktev plant. The article also describes the condition of the roads, indicates their length and intermediate stations, which allows to identify the writer’s Siberian routes, clarify the details of his travels, their duration and dates. The length of the routes is revealed by the Postal Road Atlas of the Russian Empire dated 1829, 1852 and 1875, topographic maps of Tomsk province, reference works, memoirs of contemporaries and the author’s collection of letters. The study revealed that the length of the road from Semipalatinsk to Zmeinogorsk is 182.5 versts (Postal Road Atlas, 1829) or 201 versts (1875); Zmeinogorsk—Barnaul — 280 (1825) or 268.75 (1875) versts. Thus, the total length of the Semipalatinsk—Zmiev—Barnaul route is equal to 462.5 versts (1825) or 469.75 versts (1875). There were two roads between Barnaul and Kuznetsk: the first one, the north road, passed through Kisluha—Beloyarsk—Golubtsovo—Kopylovo, Sorokino, Yanovskoe, Monoskino, Khmelevsky, Salairsky Pereval, Gavrilovsky Silver Smelter Plant, Gurievsk, Bachata, Karagayly, Bangur; and the second one, the south road, shorter and more direct, passed through Togul and the Tomsk plant. Only the second road is mentioned in the Postal Road Atlas. The article provides the calculation of the span of each road, and substantiates the hypothesis that Dostoevsky’s Barnaul-Kuznetsk route passed through Gobina, Zilina, Kosikha, Losishikha (Losisha), Togul’skoye village, Togul’skoye Zimov’ye, Tomsk iron plant, Berezovka and spanned 282—282.5 versts. Indirect evidence of the fact that the writer took this road are the memoirs of A. E. Vrangel and Dostoevsky’s letters. For instance, in the letters to V. M. Karepina and the writer’s elder brother (both dated 22 December 1856), Dostoevsky mentions 700—750 versts between Semipalatinsk and Kuznetsk. A comparison between topographic maps of the ХIХ century and the author’s letters allows us to revise the viewpoint of E. R. Vesterman, who insisted on the distance of 1,000 verst-route between Semipalatinsk and Kuznetsk through Salair, Guryevsk, Bachata, Karagayly, Kiselevsk, Kalachevo and Bungur. The Siberian period of Dostoevsky’s biography requires further research with support from archival sources.

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Bramdeo, Karamchand, and Tamás Rátonyi. "Effect and interaction of crop management factors and crop year on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/7406.

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The aim of this study was to determine the combination of treatment levels of crop management factors which can optimize and sustain maize yield under varying climatic conditions. The effect of winter wheat forecrop, three tillage systems (Mouldboard-MT, Strip-ST, Ripper-RT), two planting densities (60,000 & 80,000 plants ha-1), three fertilizer levels (N0-control, N80, N160 kg ha-1) with four replications in irrigated and non-irrigated treatments were evaluated over a five year period, 2015–2019. The obtained results revealed that growing season rainfall positively correlated with yield, whereas, temperature negatively correlated with yield. Impact of adverse weather on yield was less severe in biculture, irrigated plots, at lower planting density (60,000), lower fertilizer rate (N80) and in RT and ST, compared to MT. In years with favorable rainfall, yields of MT and RT were significantly (P<0.05) higher than ST. However, in a less favorable year, such as 2015, with 299 mm growing season rainfall and the lowest July rainfall (59% below mean) there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in yield among the three tillage treatments. Higher planting density (80,000), and fertilization rate (N160) in tandem with MT are treatments combination conducive for high yield under favorable climatic conditions, whereas, in years with low rainfall and high temperatures, RT and ST offer alternative to MT for optimum yield with 60,000 plants ha-1 and N80 treatment level. Crop year effect accounted for 20.7% of yield variance, fertilization 35.8%, forecrop 12.8%, plant density 3.4%, tillage 1.2% and irrigation <1%. It is conclusive that with proper selection of the appropriate levels of agrotechnological inputs the adverse effect of weather on yield can be mitigated.

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Wang, Hanbo, Dasheng Zhang, Jiuxing He, Lijuan Wang, Jiameng Ren, Shuantang Zhang, Wenbo Bai, Jiqing Song, Guohua Lv, and Jiusheng Li. "Changes in Soil Properties, Bacterial Communities and Wheat Roots Responding to Subsoiling in South Loess Plateau of China." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102288.

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This study was carried out to investigate effects of subsoiling on the diversity and composition of the bacterial community in a wheat–maize rotation field in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, China. After the wheat harvest, surface soil samples were collected under two tillage methods (single rotary tillage (RT) and subsoiling + rotary tillage (ST)) to perform high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Soil properties and root length density (RLD) of winter wheat at booting and flowering stages were also studied. Results showed that ST treatment significantly raised the water storage, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of deep soil (>40 cm), and notably increased the total soil pH, ammonium nitrogen content and RLD in the tillage layer from 0–70 cm at booting stage and 0~100 cm at flowering stage, but the residual nitrate nitrogen significantly decreased by 17.74%. Compared with RT, soil bacterial richness and diversity in the 10~20 cm layer of ST treatment showed a significantly decreased trend. The relative abundances of GAL15, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonas and Serratia in the 10–20 cm layer were remarkably increased in ST. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) results showed that surface soil pH, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents have the strongest effect on the bacterial structure. In addition, there were positive correlations between the RLD and the relative abundances of Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonas and the ammonium nitrogen content. In conclusion, although subsoiling was not conducive to improving soil bacterial community richness and diversity, it significantly increased soil beneficial bacteria (biological nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria) abundances, reduced the nitrogen loss caused by denitrifying bacteria, promoted earlier root development and improved the plant utilization ratio of soil nutrients.

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SAMMAMA, Hasnaa, Mohamed Najib ALFEDDY, Driss HSISSOU, and Mimoun EL KAOUA. "Potential effect of intercropping in the control of weeds, diseases, and pests in a wheat-faba bean system." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 119, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2023.119.1.2564.

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Intercropping has proved to be a promising alternative in the biological control of biotic factors by reducing the excessive use of plant protection products that are harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, aimed to examinate the effect of intercropping systems on diseases, weeds and pests control in organic field experiments in Western Morocco. Two field experiments were conducted during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Three cropping regimes (monocropped wheat, monocropped faba bean, and intercropped wheat-faba bean) and three nitrogen levels N0 (0 kg N ha-1), N1 (50 kg N ha-1), and N2 (100 kg N ha-1) were evaluated. Compared with monocropping, intercropping (N0 level) reduced the incidence of stripe rust by 71–120 % and severity by 244–337 % in 1st and 2nd experiments respectively. In addition, the incidence of septoria was reduced by 236 % and severity by 276 %. Obviously, the intercrops significantly decreased the total weed biomass by more than 40 % in both experiments. Black aphid populations in faba bean were reduced by 80 %. In contrast, the nitrogen fertilizer increased the attack of diseases and black aphids. It is concluded that wheat-faba bean intercrops can be used as a method of reduction of inputs, reduction of environmental impacts of crops, and stability in the face of biotic factors.

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DHALIMI, AZMI. "PENGARUH DOSIS DAN CARA PELETAKAN PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KAYUMANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii ROBX)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 12, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v12n3.2006.98-102.

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ABSTRAK Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Instalasi Kebun Percobaan Laing, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Solok, Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2002 sampai dengan 2004. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk NPK dan cara peletakan pupuk terbaik untuk pertumbuhan kayumanis. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (A) dosis pupuk NPK yang terdiri atas 5 taraf; A1 = 15, A2 = 30 , A3 = 45, A4 = 60, dan A5 = 75 g/ph/th.yang diberikan secara bertahap pada tahun ke-1, ke-2 dan ke-3, (B) daerah peletakan pupuk yang terdiri atas: B1 (sebar di areal kanopi), B2 (sebar dalam alur ring), dan B3 (tugal pada 4 sisi tanaman). Dosis pupuk pada tahun pertama dan kedua diberikan masing-masing 67 dan 83% dari dosis penuh yang diberikan pada tahun ketiga. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial, diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran plot 20 tan/perlakuan. Parameter yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun dan lebar tajuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada fase pertumbuhan tanaman umur 1 tahun di lapangan tidak terdapat interaksi antara dosis dan cara peletakan pupuk. Pengaruh interaksi baru terlihat setelah tanaman berumur 2 tahun, yaitu dengan penggunaan NPK dosis pupuk 62,5 g/ph/th yang ditempatkan pada alur ring (B2) menghasilkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun yang terbaik, yaitu sebanyak 316,7 helai, meskipun hasilnya tidak berbeda nyata dengan penggunaan NPK dosis 25 g/ph/th yang disebar sekitar ring (B1) atau tugal pada 4 sisi tanaman (B3) dengan hasil masing-masing 303,8 dan 302,6 helai daun/ph/th. Pada umur 3 tahun juga tidak terlihat adanya pengaruh interaksi di antara perlakuan. Kata kunci : Kayumanis, Cinnamomum burmanii Robx, pemupukan, pertumbuhan, Sumatera Barat ABSTRACT Effect of dosage and stoppage area of fertilizer for the growth of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii ROBX) A field trial was conducted at the Laing Experimental Garden, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Solok, West Sumatra from the years 2002 to 2004. The objective of the research was to find out the best dosage and stoppage area of fertilizer for the growth of cinnamon. The treatment tested were (A) dosage of NPK, comprised of A1= 15, A2= 30 A3= 45 A4=60, and A5= 75 g/plant/year which were applied gradually in the 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd . (B) stoppage area of fertilizer consisting of : B1 (spread under canopy area), B2 (spread in the at canopy circle, and B3 (spotted at 4 points at canopy circle frontier). The research used a randomized block design, with two factors, and 2 replications and 20 plants/treatment. The parameters observed were plant height, diameter, number of leaves and wide of canopy. The results showed that on the first year there was no interaction between fertilizer dosage and stoppage area on the growth of cinnamon. The interaction between them was seen at second year where the treatment of 62.5 g NPK/plant/year which were placed on the ring (B2) produced the highest number of leaves 316.7, but this was not significantly different compared to the treatment of 25 g/plant/year which was spread on the ring (B1) and spotted at 4 points (B3) which produced 303.8 and 302.6 leaves/plant/year. At the 3 rd year there was no interaction between the two factors either. Key words : Cinnamon, Cinnamomum burmanii Robx, fertilizer, growth, West Sumatera

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Srivastava, Devendra Kumar, Pekhna Bansal, Pradeep Kumar Singh, and Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo. "Molecular Autograph of Maturase-K Gene in Isodon rugosus (Lamiaceae)." Botanica 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2020-0009.

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AbstractMolecular autograph of trn/mat-K gene was used as one of the important candidate marker in addressing the questions of systematics and barcoding of medicinal plants. Features of trn/mat-K gene in Isodon rugosus (Lamiaceae) were assessed for the first time (NCBI GenBank Accession Number: MH939199.1). Sequence of 756 bp length was amplified by the universal matK primers (matK472F and matK1248R) in the cpDNA of the plant. It was reported to contain trnK gene (>1…..50; >746…..756), partial sequence; and matK gene (>51…..745), partial coding DNA sequence. Alignment search and analysis showed that only nine different Isodon species are currently available for matK sequences with repeated copy of submissions in GenBank. The matK sequences of I. rugosus was reported with 34.2 (G + C)% and 17 variable sites (VS), out of which seven were singleton (ST) and 10 sites were species-specific parsimoniously-informative (PI) that could be used to differentiate I. rugosus from other species as well as to authenticate the taxon. Phylogenetic analysis resulted into monophyletic clustering of I. rugosus near to the clade having I. coetsa by both maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. Clades obtained in ML tree were more informative as compared to MP tree.

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Asiamah, Emmanuel K., Sarah Adjei-Fremah, Bertha Osei, Kingsley Ekwemalor, and Mulumebet Worku. "An Extract of Sericea Lespedeza Modulates Production of Inflammatory Markers in Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Activated Ruminant Blood." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 9 (August 5, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n9p1.

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Programs based on antibiotics are failing to control diseases due to increase in resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. Food safety, animal welfare and public health concerns have fueled interest in the use of plant-based alternatives. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a plant (Sericea Lespedeza, SL), and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN)) on gene activation in ruminant blood. A water extract of SL, was used as a source of plant-derived tannins. Blood was collected from Holstein-Friesian cows (N = 4), Spanish × Boer goats (N = 4), St Croix sheep (N = 4) and incubated with 100 ng/mL of SL in the presence or absence of LPS or PGN. Samples maintained in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as negative control. The total protein concentration, WNT5a, and prostaglandin E2 in plasma were determined. Total RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed and Real time-PCR was performed using gene specific primers for TLR2, TLR4, WNT5a, and FZD. TLR2 and FZD were up-regulated in response to PAMPs. WNT5a and TLR4 genes were undetected in PAMP treated blood. SL regulated protein and prostaglandin concentration in all species. SL reduced PGE2 in sheep and cow blood. WNT5a was only secreted in LPS treated cow blood. Transcription and translation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity and the WNT signaling pathway in ruminant blood were responsive to diverse PAMPS, and can be modulated by SL. This suggests that dietary tannins may promote the health of ruminants. Further studies are needed to determine the significance of these changes in immune gene expression on ruminant health.

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Range, Kurt T., S. Alan Walters, and Bradley H. Taylor. "Influence of Tillage Method and Insecticide on Asian Eggplant Production." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1110A—1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1110a.

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Many growers in the St. Louis metro east area in Illinois are growing a diversity of vegetable products to satisfy local market demand, including many Asian vegetables. In 2003 and 2004, an experiment was conducted at a grower location in Belleville, Ill., to evaluate the effect of tillage method (tillage vs. no-tillage) following no-tillage corn (Zea mays) and insecticide treatment (imidacloprid, carbaryl, and none) on growth and productivity of three Asian eggplant (Solanum melongena) cultivars (`Ichiban', `Little Fingers', and `Millionaire'). Regardless of cultivar, imidacloprid resulted in greater plant growth for most of the growing season, resulting in higher early and total-season yields compared to the other insecticide treatments. Flea beetle (numerous species, including Epitrix fuscula and Epitrix cucumeris) damage to eggplants can be severe during the early part of the growing season in southern Illinois, which can drastically reduce plant growth and subsequent yields. Although carbaryl was applied at 10-d intervals for most of the growing season, flea beetle damage was similar to the no insecticide treatment and resulted in significant growth reduction and yield loss compared to imidacloprid. Tillage methods did not differ (P > 0.05) for Asian eggplant productivity or flea beetle damage. Cultivar performance was similar over the tillage method and insecticide treatment as no significant interactions (P > 0.05) were detected. However, cultivars differed for productivity with `Millionaire' and `Ichiban' generally providing higher marketable and total yields than `Little Fingers'.

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Rohaeni, Wage Ratna, and M. Iskandar Ishaq. "EVALUASI VARIETAS PADI SAWAH PADA DISPLAY VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU (VUB) DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG, JAWA BARAT." Agric 27, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2015.v27.i1.p1-7.

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More than 80 high yielding varieties of rice have been released nationally by IAARD to support acceleration of national rice production. Inpari 13 was the one of some new variety that has been released at 2011 and have superior trait i.e early maturity and high yielding. Inpari 13 and some another new variety would disseminated at ICM program at this year. That variety needed to evaluated on Display Area and cultivated by using ICM technology and its compared with old variety as well as Ciherang. This study was to evaluate performance and yield of some new varieties compared old varieties specifically in Dem area. The experiment was conducted in West Java AIAT Dem Area, District Jayakerta, Karawang. The study was done on DS 2011 (Mei 2011-Januari 2012) by using randomized block design with 3 replications. Six varieties were tested i.e Ciherang, St. Bagendit, Inpari Inpari-7, Inpari-10, Silugunggo and Inpari-13. Integrated Crop Manajemen system i.e legowo 2:1, optimal fertilization, and IPM were used at this research. The results showed that there were signifant differences between varieties in all characters except leaf color index. Ciherang has the highest plant height (97,59 cm). Inpari-7 has the highest number of productive tillers and 100 grains weight (25 tillers/clump and 2,8 grams) and the least number of empty grains (7 grains/ panicle). St. Bagendit has the highest number of pithy grain (183 grains/panicle). Silugonggo was the early maturity but it’s resistant to stems brown planthopper (almost had a crop failure). The highest dry grain harvest was owned by Situ Bagendit (8,10 t.ha 1) followed Ciherang (8,08 t.ha-1), Inpari-13 (8,07 t.ha-1), Inpari-7 (7,52 t.ha-1), Inpari-10 (6,71 t.ha-1), and Silugonggo (2,05 t.ha-1).

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