Книги з теми "Groups of professional practices analysis"

The textbook is devoted to a complex of theoretical and applied problems of countering crimes committed using cryptocurrencies. Along with the theoretical issues of the legal status of cryptocurrencies and the general criminological characteristics, applied problems of qualification of relevant crimes, issues of their investigation, operational investigative activities, as well as the organization of official activities are subjected to in-depth analysis. Based on the conducted research, the paper presents relevant conclusions and recommendations. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of the latest generation in the enlarged groups of specialties "Jurisprudence". It is recommended first of all to students of master's degree programs, training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel and additional professional education, as well as scientific and pedagogical workers. It can also be used by students of other higher education programs (bachelor's degree, specialty), practical staff and anyone interested in the relevant issues.

The workshop is an addition to the textbook "Business communication and cross-cultural communication" and includes practice-oriented tasks that can be carried out online in all sections of the textbook. The workshop contains three sections, 10 chapters and consists of group and individual tasks, business games, analysis of video clips and discussions, reflection exercises aimed at developing skills in the sections "Cross-cultural communication as the interaction of different cultures", "Business communication as the basis of cross-cultural communications", "Ethical standards in professional activity". A special feature of the workshop is a detailed description of the methodology of conducting classes online to form students' practical experience on each topic of the workshop. The publication is provided with parables and tales for the successful entry of students into the subject of the lesson. At the end of each chapter, tasks are given for self-completion in order to more fully immerse yourself in the specifics of cross-cultural business communications. The workshop contains: 40 training sessions; 83 video clips illustrating business communication and cross-cultural communication; 200 exercises, business and role-playing games for interactive interaction adapted to the online format; 300 tasks for self-completion. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate students studying in the areas of "Economics", "Management", "Personnel Management", "State and Municipal Management", "Business Informatics", "Trade", "Commodity Science", "Housing and communal infrastructure", as well as for anyone interested in business problems cross-cultural communications.

The book presents developmental outcomes from an EU Erasmus+ project involving eight partner universities in seven countries in Europe. Its focus is the development of mathematics teaching and learning at university level to enhance the learning of mathematics by university students. Its theoretical focus is inquiry-based teaching and learning. It bases all activity on a three-layer model of inquiry: (1) Inquiry in mathematics and in the learning of mathematics in lecture, tutorial, seminar or workshop, involving students and teachers; (2) Inquiry in mathematics teaching involving teachers exploring and developing their own practices in teaching mathematics; (3) Inquiry as a research process, analysing data from layers (1) and (2) to advance knowledge inthe field. As required by the Erasmus+ programme, it defines Intellectual Outputs (IOs) that will develop in the project. PLATINUM has six IOs: The Inquiry-based developmental model; Inquiry communities in mathematics learning and teaching; Design of mathematics tasks and teaching units; Inquiry-based professional development activity; Modelling as an inquiry process; Evalutation of inquiry activity with students. The project has developed Inquiry Communities, in each of the partner groups, in which mathematicians and educators work together in supportive collegial ways to promote inquiry processes in mathematics learning and teaching. Through involving students in inquiry activities, PLATINUM aims to encourage students` own in-depth engagement with mathematics, so that they develop conceptual understandings which go beyond memorisation and the use of procedures. Indeed the eight partners together have formed an inquiry community, working together to achieve PLATINUM goals within the specific environments of their own institutions and cultures. Together we learn from what we are able to achieve with respect to both common goals and diverse environments, bringing a richness of experience and learning to this important area of education. Inquiry communities enable participants to address the tensions and issues that emerge in developmental processes and to recognise the critical nature of the developmental process. Through engaging in inquiry-based development, partners are enabled and motivated to design activities for their peers, and for newcomers to university teaching of mathematics, to encourage their participation in new forms of teaching, design of teaching, and activities for students. Such professional development design is an important outcome of PLATINUM. One important area of inquiry-based activity is that of “modelling” in mathematics. Partners have worked together across the project to investigate the nature of modelling activities and their use with students. Overall, the project evaluates its activity in these various parts to gain insights to the sucess of inquiry based teaching, learning and development as well as the issues and tensions that are faced in putting into practice its aims and goals.

The monograph was prepared following the results of the XX All-Russian Conference and the XXX All-Russian school-seminar "Integration of Russian universities into the world educational and scientific space, taking into account regional peculiarities". The conference and the school-seminar were devoted to the discussion of: the processes of deformation of the professional personnel link in the management of the international activities of Russian universities that have occurred in recent decades, and the need to take operational measures to stabilize the professional personnel resource in order to optimally use the potential of Russian universities for the full implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Concept of Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation abroad; issues of state legal regulation of educational migration in the changed geopolitical conditions; analysis of best practices and new solutions for attracting foreign students to study at universities of the Russian Federation; analysis of the features of the development of intellectual migration processes in modern conditions, the place and role of the Russian language and culture in them. The proposed materials can be useful to specialists of the Department of the education system of Russia and its regions, employees of federal and regional authorities and management, as well as regional associations of academic mobility.

The monograph presents approaches to improving the speech culture of people interacting with various social groups, including young people. The ways of improving the professional and personal competence of modern leaders are revealed. The attractiveness of language as a means of influencing the social attitudes of public opinion leaders is emphasized. The author also focuses on behavioral norms during voting, tips for preparing a competent public speech, analysis of life paradoxes. It is intended for sociologists, specialists in youth work, journalists, philologists of a wide profile.

Kingship and Polity on the Himalayan Borderland explores the modern transformation of state and society in the Indian Himalaya. Centred on three Rajput led-kingdoms during the transition to British rule (c. 1790-1840) and their interconnected histories, it demonstrates how border making practices engendered a modern reading of ‘tradition’ that informs communal identities to this day. Countering the common depiction of these states as all-male, caste-exclusive entities, it reveals the strong familial base of Rajput polity, wherein women — and regent queens in particular — played a key role alongside numerous non-Rajput groups. Drawing on rich archival records, rarely examined local histories, and nearly two decades of ethnographic research, it offers an alternative to the popular and scholarly discourses that developed with the rise of colonial knowledge. The analysis exposes the cardinal contribution of borderland spaces to the fabrication of group identities. This book will interest historians and anthropologists of South Asia and of the Himalaya, as well as scholars working on postcolonialism, gender, and historiography.

The textbook is aimed at developing professional competencies in preparing preschool children to learn Russian at school.it reveals the current content of preparing preschoolers to learn reading and writing in primary school, contains a method for teaching them sound word analysis, reading syllables and words in accordance with a scientifically based sound analytical and synthetic method, a technique for teaching children to print letters and syllables, and describes opportunities for cognitive development of preschool children in the process of speech work. The methodological material is accompanied by examples from the speech of preschool children and their training practices. A test is offered for professional self-control over the assimilation of the corresponding methodology in General. The appendices contain methodological illustrative and reference material. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate students in the field of "Pedagogical education", it can also be used by undergraduates in the study of a course on the cognitive development of preschool children and in the process of professional development and retraining of employees of preschool educational institutions and primary school teachers.

The formulation of cases in legal psychology aims to establish, in a systematic and organised way, information on the psychological and behavioural aspects of people and groups who have judicial implications. This information, which is related to the mental state, personality, personal history, group interactions, relational dynamics, motivation, etc., is used to support the decisions of legal operators. Recently, case formulation has become a key method for the development of processes of systematisation, organisation, formulation and explanatory analysis of information within the psychological practice, especially for those who carry out their activities from the applied field of clinical psychology, as it is directly related to interventional procedures. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that the professional activity of a psychologist is not exclusively limited to the area of health, therefore their roles in other fields, such as that of legal-criminal psychology, also requires an orderly and schematic form which allows for more objective and ideographic interventions to be carried out. In accordance with the aforementioned, this investigation proposes a case formulation model for legal-criminal psychology based on the practical experience and on the theoretical and scientific knowledge of legal psychologists in the administration of the Colombian criminal justice system.

End-of-life issues are increasingly central to discussions within medical anthropology, the anthropology of political action, and the study of Buddhist philosophy and practice. This book speaks directly to these important anthropological and existential conversations. Against the backdrop of global population aging and increased attention to care for the elderly, both personal and professional, the book challenges common presumptions about the universal nature of “caring.” The book shows an inseparable link between forms of social organization and forms of care. Unlike most accounts of the quotidian concerns of providing care in a rapidly aging society, the book brings attention to corporeal processes. Moving from vivid descriptions of the embodied routines at the heart of home caregiving to depictions of care practices in more general ways—care for one's group, care of the polity—it develops the argument that religious, social, and political structures are embodied, through habituated action, in practices of providing for others. Under the watchful treatment of the author, care becomes a powerful foil for understanding recent political turmoil and structural change in Thailand, proving embodied practice to be a vital vantage point for phenomenological and political analyses alike.

Introduction: The benefits of the application of therapeutic play (TP) in pediatrics are widely reported in the literature. Evidence supports its use in the care of hospitalized children with a positive impact on reducing anxiety and fear, not only for the child, but for her family members. This study sought to investigate the perception of professionals from a reference group for the application of TP (BrinquEinstein) in relation to its implementation in a pediatric hospital unit. Objectives: To understand how professionals who belong to the BrinquEinstein group evaluate the process of systematic implementation of TP in pediatric hospital units; outlining the facilitating factors and barriers for this implementation to occur from the perspective of these professionals. Method: Exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, developed in the pediatric and intensive care units of a general hospital, extraport, in the city of São Paulo. Professionals from different categories who work in these units and who belong to BrinquEinstein participated in the sample. Data were collected through individual semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews, being analyzed using the Inductive Thematic Analysis proposed by Braun & Clark. Results: From the analysis of the interviews, two themes emerged that represent the perspective of BrinquEinstein members about the TP implementation process: “experiencing a transforming process” and “establishing future perspectives”. Conclusion: For the professionals interviewed, it is essential that the use of TP becomes a routine practice in the different contexts of child health care. Managers and institutions play a fundamental role in the implementation of this practice, in the identification of needs and in the search for solutions to make it a reality.

When the news moved online, journalists suddenly learned what their audiences actually liked, through algorithmic technologies that scrutinize web traffic and activity. Has this advent of audience metrics changed journalists' work practices and professional identities? This book documents the ways that journalists grapple with audience data in the form of clicks, and analyzes how new forms of clickbait journalism travel across national borders. Drawing on four years of fieldwork in web newsrooms in the United States and France, including more than one hundred interviews with journalists, the book reveals many similarities among the media groups examined—their editorial goals, technological tools, and even office furniture. Yet the book uncovers crucial and paradoxical differences in how American and French journalists understand audience analytics and how these affect the news produced in each country. American journalists routinely disregard traffic numbers and primarily rely on the opinion of their peers to define journalistic quality. Meanwhile, French journalists fixate on internet traffic and view these numbers as a sign of their resonance in the public sphere. The book offers cultural and historical explanations for these disparities, arguing that distinct journalistic traditions structure how journalists make sense of digital measurements in the two countries. Contrary to the popular belief that analytics and algorithms are globally homogenizing forces, the book shows that computational technologies can have surprisingly divergent ramifications for work and organizations worldwide.

Athletic Development offers a rare opportunity to learn and apply a career full of knowledge from the best. World-renowned strength and conditioning coach Vern Gambetta condenses the wisdom he's gained through more than 40 years of experience of working with athletes across sports, age groups, and levels of competition, including members of the Chicago White Sox, New York Mets, and U.S. men's 1998 World Cup soccer team. The result is an information-packed, myth-busting explanation of the most effective methods and prescriptions in each facet of an athlete's physical preparation. Gambetta includes never-before-published and ready-to-use training approaches insport-specific demands analysis,work capacity enhancements,movement skills development,long- and short-term training program progressions, andrest and regeneration techniques. Athletic Development explains what works, what doesn't, and why. Gambetta's no-nonsense approach emphasizes results that pay off in the competitive season and reflect his work at the highest echelons of sport. Merging principles of anatomy, biomechanics, and exercise physiology with sports conditioning applications and four decades of professional practice, this is the definitive guide to performance-enhancing training.

Applied Cross-Cultural Data Analysis for Social Work is a research guide which provides a hands-on approach for learning and understanding data analysis techniques for examining and interpreting data for the purpose of cultural group comparisons. This book aims to provide practical applications in statistical approaches of data analyses that are commonly used in cross-cultural research and evaluation. Readers are presented with step-by-step illustrations in the use of descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics to compare cross-cultural populations using large-scale, population-based survey data. These techniques have important applications in health, mental health, and social science research relevant to social work and other helping professions, especially in providing a framework of evidence to examine health disparities using population-health data. For each statistical approach discussed in this book, we explain the underlying purpose, basic assumptions, types of variables, application of the Stata statistical package, the presentation of statistical findings, and the interpretation of results. Unlike previous guides on statistical approaches and data analysis in social work, this book explains and demonstrates the strategies of cross-cultural data analysis using descriptive and bivariate analysis, multiple regression, additive and multiplicative interaction, mediation, and SEM and HLM for subgroup analysis and cross-cultural comparisons. This book also includes sample syntax from Stata for social work researchers to conduct cross-cultural analysis with their own research.

Advice, defined as a recommendation for action in response to a problem, is a common form of interpersonal support and influence. Indeed, the advice we give and receive from others can be highly consequential, not only affecting us as recipients and advisors but also shaping outcomes for relationships, groups, and organizations. Some of those consequences are positive, as when advice promotes individual problem solving or enhances workgroup productivity. Yet advice can also hide ulterior motives, threaten identity, damage relationships, and promote inappropriate action. The Oxford Handbook of Advice provides a broad perspective on how advice succeeds and fails, systematically reviewing and synthesizing theory and research on advice from multiple disciplines, such as communication, psychology, applied linguistics, business, law, and medicine. Some chapters examine advice at different levels of analysis, focusing on advisor and recipient roles, advising interactions and relationships, and advice as a resource and connection in groups and networks. Other chapters address advice in particular types of personal relationships (e.g., romantic and family) and professional contexts (e.g., workplace, health, education, and therapy). Authors also consider cultural differences, advice online, and the ethics of advising. For scholars concerned with supportive communication, interpersonal influence, decision making, social networks, and related communication processes at work, at home, and in society at large, the Handbook offers historical perspective, contemporary theoretical framing, methodological recommendations, and directions for future research. The authors also emphasize practical application, offering clear, concise, and relevant “advice for advising” based on theory and research.

What is going to happen to me, doctor?’ ‘What outcomes am I likely to experience?’ ‘Will this treatment work for me?’ Prognosis—forecasting the future—has always been a part of medical practice and caring for the sick. In modern healthcare it now has a new importance, with large financial investments being made to personalize clinical decisions and tailor treatment strategies to improve individual health outcomes based on prognostic information. Prognosis research—the study of future outcomes in people with a particular health condition—provides the critical evidence for obtaining, evaluating, and implementing prognostic information within modern healthcare. This new book, written and edited by experts in the field, including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, and other healthcare professionals, is a comprehensive and unified account of prognosis research in the broadest sense. It explains the concepts behind prognosis in medical practice and prognosis research, and provides a practical foundation for those developing, conducting, interpreting, synthesizing, and appraising prognosis studies. It recommends a framework of four basic prognosis research types, pioneered by the PROGRESS group, and provides explicit guidance on the conduct, analysis, and reporting of prognosis studies for each type. Key topics are overall prognosis in clinically relevant populations; prognostic factors associated with changes in prognosis across individuals; prognostic models for individual outcome risk prediction; and predictors of treatment effects. Examples are given of the impact of prognosis research across a broad range of healthcare topics, and the book also signals the latest developments in prognosis research, including systematic reviews and meta-analysis of prognosis studies, and the use of electronic health records and machine learning in prognosis research.

A new understanding of substance abuse explores treatment issues based on subtypes of addicts, with a special focus on antisocial personality disorder and functional addiction. Professionals in the treatment of substance abuse have long recognized the dismal success rate in addressing this pervasive problem. A fresh view of addiction may offer long-sought answers. Intervention and treatment strategies can be made more effective, maintains veteran addiction educator and psychologist Gary L. Fisher, through identification of addict subtypes. That is the goal of Understanding Why Addicts Are Not All Alike: Recognizing the Types and How Their Differences Affect Intervention and Treatment. The book provides an in-depth, research-based analysis of three specific subtypes of substance abusers: addicts who fit the disease model, addicts with antisocial personality disorder, and functional addicts those who lead otherwise successful lives. Particular attention is paid to the latter two groups, which have not been adequately studied previously. Characteristics of the three subtypes are illustrated through case studies that clearly demonstrate how subtype impacts prevention, intervention, and treatment. Most important, the book recommends practical intervention and treatment strategies that will enable concerned parties to identify and help each of these distinct groups.

No other reference analyzes the origins, development, programs, publications, and political action of 180 major American organizations concerned with women's issues in such depth. Over 100 experts give an overview of how national women's groups of all kinds and representing varied and broad segments of society have had an impact on a wide array of public policy issues in Washington in recent years. An introduction provides a content analysis, general background, and historical sketch for the profiles, which are arranged alphabetically. An appendix describes six government agencies of primary importance in handling women's issues, as agenda setters and bridges. A second appendix consists of the questionnaire which was sent to each organization covered in the volume. The alphabetically arranged profiles cover organizations with all types of goals and concerns, different racial and ethnic identification, church and temple affiliations: civil, elderly, professional, and occupational associations; social and sorority groups; labor and business organizations; not-for-profit and for-profit groups; research centers; and both partisan and nonpartisan organizations. Students, teachers, professionals in governmental and nongovernmental agencies, researchers, and citizen activists will find that this handy sourcebook is a treasury of authoritative information about how private citizens work to affect national policy and legislation in essential ways.

The information and methodological manual was approved at the meeting of the Academic Council of the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology of Rospotrebnadzor on 21.09.2023, recommended for in-depth mandatory medical examinations of workers in harmful working conditions, with additional professional education of occupational pathologists. The relevance of the manual is due to the fact that diseases of the circulatory system currently remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of people of working age, at the same time, the complex of clinical and laboratory studies regulated by normative documents on mandatory medical examinations of workers in harmful working conditions is not always sufficient to identify a risk group for this pathology. The aim of the manual is to provide methodological and practical assistance to occupational pathologists to identify a risk group for cardiovascular diseases during mandatory medical examinations of workers exposed to industrial noise using sphygmography. The training manual provides practical recommendations on the use of the sphygmography technique during mandatory medical examinations, provides comparisons of its results with data from other clinical and instrumental studies based on the analysis of existing regulatory and methodological documents, scientific literature and own experience. An algorithm for assessing cardiovascular risk in people working with industrial noise has been developed, the most informative sphygmography indicators have been identified to determine a risk group among this contingent of workers. An algorithm for assessing cardiovascular risk in people working with industrial noise has been developed, the most informative sphygmography indicators have been identified to determine a risk group among this contingent of workers.

The text guides readers through these situations: -Understanding the dynamics of a variety of issues, including alcohol abuse and violence, referral processes, erotic transference and countertransference, and communication problems between coaches and athletes -Working with diverse clients, including athletes of color, gay and lesbian athletes, and disabled athletes -Presenting to and working with entire teams -Plumbing the depths of several complex topics, including eating disorders and injury and identity issues In addition to covering some of these complex and deeply personal topics, the text details the fundamental issues of applied sport psychology, including developing the consultant–client relationship and connecting with teams, coaches, and individuals. In dealing with relationships a sport psychologist would typically face, Sport Psychology in Practice addresses serious ethical and philosophical issues and asks more general questions about the field and how to work with clients. Sport Psychology in Practice contains insights from an elite list of contributors who explain, using real-life examples, how they successfully and ethically “do” sport psychology. Methods that have worked for the most respected practitioners in the field are presented with an informal, engaging approach and rely substantially on dialogue and actual experiences. In addition, the book offers expert commentary after three chapters, expanding on the issues within each of those chapters. It includes an afterword that analyzes the key points in the book. This book is a great starting point for discussion among students and long-time practitioners regarding how the field should evolve and what issues should continue to be debated. Part I of Sport Psychology in Practice addresses the processes of presenting sport psychology to groups, including youths and disabled athletes. Part II tackles the complex issues surrounding athletes' concerns and ethical situations. The authors discuss cases that required great compassion in dealing with athletes in fragile conditions and precarious situations. Part III explores issues related to working with diverse athletes, including athletes of color and gay and lesbian athletes. You will consider the challenges these athletes face, the development of the relationships between the athletes and sport psychologists, and considerations of sport psychologists' own prejudices and human frailty. Sport Psychology in Practice covers the fundamentals and delves into complex and even threatening areas. It pushes the practice of sport psychology further than most other texts. With its coverage of taboo topics and its occasional use of frank language, it will be sure to provoke debate, discussion, and controversy—and to be a solid resource for students and professionals alike.

How do children behave in conversations? The authors of this book provide answers that are relevant to research and practice. The analysis is based on authentic conversations in everyday situations. The discussion process and the situational embedding of the discussion actions are the focus of the investigations. The volume contains articles on argumentative conversations between children of preschool and elementary school age and on communication-promoting strategies of early childhood education professionals in daycare. In addition, framework conditions and observation instruments for communicative skills of kindergarten children are discussed and the use of digital media is also considered. Ines Bose, Prof. Dr., teaches and researches at the Institute for Music, Media and Speech Studies at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Kati Hannken-Illjes, Prof. Dr., teaches and researches at the Institute for German Linguistics, Speech Science Group, at the Philipps University of Marburg. Stephanie Kurtenbach, Dr. phil., teaches and researches at the Institute for Music, Media and Speech Studies at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg.

Community development takes place in contested spaces in which the interests of people living, working and surviving in communities come up against the interests of powerful groups and classes in the structures of exploitation, colonisation and neoliberalism. Where community development practices respond to issues of environmental concerns, this brings an additional dimension as ‘the environment’ becomes another arena for contestation. This book aims to draw on two essential sources for understanding this conflict. One source is in the rich yet conflicted theoretical resources which have developed through academic labour around analysing the social practices of community development, popular struggle and environmental justice. The second fundamental source is the intellectual work of ordinary people engaged in such material struggles to change the world from where they live and work and make community; people who are not employed in academic labour but who, as Gramsci highlighted, are critical thinking intellectuals without whose analytical resources emancipatory politics is not possible. This includes the struggles of activist-academics (such as the editors) seeking to learn from their own engagement with popular movements. This volume therefore works in the dialogical space between knowledges of struggle and of the academy in order to critique and inform the practices of community development professionals, academics, trade union organisers, social movements, activists and ordinary people engaged in the pursuit of justice in a range of contexts in which the messy, imprecise and contested processes of community, development and environment interact.

Sustainability is crucial for the future of our societies. From a computing perspective, the challenge is to design IT artifacts that contribute to improving people’s work and everyday lives in a sustainable way, thereby also contributing to social and ecological sustainability. The book documents the experiences of several leading research groups in Europe, North America, and South Africa, describing their efforts to achieve sustainable design results, the difficulties that barred the way, and the strategies they adopted to achieve the goal of sustainability. The analysis of this rich empirical material aids consideration of how to more systematically address and possibly overcome impediments to achieve a design result that is sustainable in practice. It points to the importance of considering the socio-technical nature of innovation, focusing on the relationship between ownership, appropriation, and learning early on in a project, and not only striving for technological flexibility but also taking care of issues of maintenance repair in designing computer support. The book discusses the changes that would be necessary to make the main stakeholders in IT design more open to creating environments for sustainable innovation. The examples discussed in this book and their analysis can inspire researchers, institutions, managers, IT professionals, and educators to promote the goal of sustainable design and increase the overall awareness of its strategic relevance.

This chapter examines the effects of national level politics and institutions on the long-term evolution of diversified business groups. A central goal of this chapter is to connect the analysis of business groups to broader debates on the political economy of advanced capitalism, especially varieties of capitalism, power resource theory, legal families, and entrenchment. States (through regulations) and firms (via their corporate practices, especially concentrated ownership and cross-ownership) across much of continental Europe and Japan protected business groups by forestalling takeovers, while capital markets in liberal economies encouraged the formation of new kinds of business groups (especially private equity) by facilitating takeovers. Brief summaries of the evolution of business groups over the past century in Sweden and the United States illustrate these different dynamics in coordinated and liberal economies.

This chapter examines individuals’ career-making in professional service firms. Using Kanter’s (1989) typology of bureaucratic, professional, and entrepreneurial career forms, it argues that within PSFs are elements of all three, sometimes working in parallel and sometimes in competition. After a broad overview of Kanter’s ideal types as manifest within the PSF, the chapter considers how these are institutionalized through particular career practices. It highlights the importance of the client in professional career-making, working either as a mechanism of social closure, or of transformation. The chapter then turns to career enactment: the ways in which individuals engage with professional, bureaucratic, and entrepreneurial practices on a daily basis and over time. Central to this analysis is the tension between the professional career as a vehicle for the exercise of personal agency, or as a disciplinary mechanism of management control. The concluding discussion proposes some fruitful for further research.

The monograph reflects the problems of Russian psycholinguistics from the moment of its inception in Russia to the present day and presents its main directions that are currently developing. In addition, theoretical developments and practical results obtained in the framework of different directions and research centers are described in a concise form. The task of the book is to reflect, as far as it is possible in one edition, firstly, the history of the formation of Russian psycholinguistics; secondly, its methodology and developed methods; thirdly, the results obtained in different research centers and directions in different regions of Russia; fourthly, to outline the main directions of the further development of Russian psycholinguistics. There is no doubt that in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, the main problems and the results of their development by Russian psycholinguistics have no analogues in world linguistics and psycholinguistics, or are represented by completely original concepts and methods. We have tried to show this uniqueness of the problematics and the methodological equipment of Russian psycholinguistics in this book. The main role in the formation of Russian psycholinguistics was played by the Moscow psycholinguistic school of A.A. Leontyev. It still defines the main directions of Russian psycholinguistics. Russian psycholinguistics (the theory of speech activity - TSA) is based on the achievements of Russian psychology: a cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena L.S. Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontyev. Moscow is the most "psycholinguistic region" of Russia - INL RAS, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, RUDN, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Sechenov University, Moscow State University and other Moscow universities. Saint Petersburg psycholinguists have significant achievements, especially in the study of neurolinguistic problems, ontolinguistics. The most important feature of Russian psycholinguistics is the widespread development of psycholinguistics in the regions, the emergence of recognized psycholinguistic research centers - St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Perm, Ufa, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kursk, Chelyabinsk; psycholinguistics is represented in Cherepovets, Ivanovo, Volgograd, Vyatka, Kaluga, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Maikop, Barnaul, Ulan-Ude, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Armavir and other cities; in Belarus - Minsk, in Ukraine - Lvov, Chernivtsi, Kharkov, in the DPR - Donetsk, in Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata, Chimkent. Our researchers work in Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, China, France, Switzerland. There are Russian psycholinguists in Canada, USA, Israel, Austria and a number of other countries. All scientists from these regions and countries have contributed to the development of Russian psycholinguistics, to the development of psycholinguistic theory and methods of psycholinguistic research. Their participation has not been forgotten. We tried to present the main Russian psycholinguists in the Appendix - in the sections "Scientometrics", "Monographs and Manuals" and "Dissertations", even if there is no information about them in the Electronic Library and RSCI. The principles of including scientists in the scientometric list are presented in the Appendix. Our analysis of the content of the resulting monograph on psycholinguistic research in Russia allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about some of the distinctive features of Russian psycholinguistics: 1. cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena of L.S.Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontiev as methodological basis of Russian psycholinguistics; 2. theoretical nature of psycholinguistic research as a characteristic feature of Russian psycholinguistics. Our psycholinguistics has always built a general theory of the generation and perception of speech, mental vocabulary, linked specific research with the problems of ontogenesis, the relationship between language and thinking; 3. psycholinguistic studies of speech communication as an important subject of psycholinguistics; 4. attention to the psycholinguistic analysis of the text and the development of methods for such analysis; 5. active research into the ontogenesis of linguistic ability; 6. investigation of linguistic consciousness as one of the important subjects of psycholinguistics; 7. understanding the need to create associative dictionaries of different types as the most important practical task of psycholinguistics; 8. widespread use of psycholinguistic methods for applied purposes, active development of applied psycholinguistics. The review of the main directions of development of Russian psycholinguistics, carried out in this monograph, clearly shows that the direction associated with the study of linguistic consciousness is currently being most intensively developed in modern Russian psycholinguistics. As the practice of many years of psycholinguistic research in our country shows, the subject of study of psycholinguists is precisely linguistic consciousness - this is a part of human consciousness that is responsible for generating, understanding speech and keeping language in consciousness. Associative experiments are the core of most psycholinguistic techniques and are important both theoretically and practically. The following main areas of practical application of the results of associative experiments can be outlined. 1. Education. Associative experiments are the basis for constructing Mind Maps, one of the most promising tools for systematizing knowledge, assessing the quality, volume and nature of declarative knowledge (and using special techniques and skills). Methods based on smart maps are already widely used in teaching foreign languages, fast and deep immersion in various subject areas. 2. Information search, search optimization. The results of associative experiments can significantly improve the quality of information retrieval, its efficiency, as well as adaptability for a specific person (social group). When promoting sites (promoting them in search results), an associative experiment allows you to increase and improve the quality of the audience reached. 3. Translation studies, translation automation. An associative experiment can significantly improve the quality of translation, take into account intercultural and other social characteristics of native speakers. 4. Computational linguistics and automatic word processing. The results of associative experiments make it possible to reveal the features of a person's linguistic consciousness and contribute to the development of automatic text processing systems in a wide range of applications of natural language interfaces of computer programs and robotic solutions. 5. Advertising. The use of data on associations for specific words, slogans and texts allows you to predict and improve advertising texts. 6. Social relationships. The analysis of texts using the data of associative experiments makes it possible to assess the tonality of messages (negative / positive moods, aggression and other characteristics) based on user comments on the Internet and social networks, in the press in various projections (by individuals, events, organizations, etc.) from various social angles, to diagnose the formation of extremist ideas. 7. Content control and protection of personal data. Associative experiments improve the quality of content detection and filtering by identifying associative fields in areas subject to age restrictions, personal information, tobacco and alcohol advertising, incitement to ethnic hatred, etc. 8. Gender and individual differences. The data of associative experiments can be used to compare the reactions (and, in general, other features of thinking) between men and women, different social and age groups, representatives of different regions. The directions for the further development of Russian psycholinguistics from the standpoint of the current state of psycholinguistic science in the country are seen by us, first of all:  in the development of research in various areas of linguistic consciousness, which will contribute to the development of an important concept of speech as a verbal model of non-linguistic consciousness, in which knowledge revealed by social practice and assigned by each member of society during its inculturation is consolidated for society and on its behalf;  in the expansion of the problematics, which is formed under the influence of the growing intercultural communication in the world community, which inevitably involves the speech behavior of natural and artificial bilinguals in the new object area of psycholinguistics;  in using the capabilities of national linguistic corpora in the interests of researchers studying the functioning of non-linguistic and linguistic consciousness in speech processes;  in expanding research on the semantic perception of multimodal texts, the scope of which has greatly expanded in connection with the spread of the Internet as a means of communication in the life of modern society;  in the inclusion of the problems of professional communication and professional activity in the object area of psycholinguistics in connection with the introduction of information technologies into public practice, entailing the emergence of new professions and new features of the professional ethos;  in the further development of the theory of the mental lexicon (identifying the role of different types of knowledge in its formation and functioning, the role of the word as a unit of the mental lexicon in the formation of the image of the world, as well as the role of the natural / internal metalanguage and its specificity in speech activity);  in the broad development of associative lexicography, which will meet the most diverse needs of society and cognitive sciences. The development of associative lexicography may lead to the emergence of such disciplines as associative typology, associative variantology, associative axiology;  in expanding the spheres of applied use of psycholinguistics in social sciences, sociology, semasiology, lexicography, in the study of the brain, linguodidactics, medicine, etc. This book is a kind of summarizing result of the development of Russian psycholinguistics today. Each section provides a bibliography of studies on the relevant issue. The Appendix contains the scientometrics of leading Russian psycholinguists, basic monographs, psycholinguistic textbooks and dissertations defended in psycholinguistics. The content of the publications presented here is convincing evidence of the relevance of psycholinguistic topics and the effectiveness of the development of psycholinguistic problems in Russia.

Andrew Choo’s Evidence provides an account of the core principles of the law of civil and criminal evidence in England and Wales. It also explores the fundamental rationales that underlie the law as a whole. The text explores current debates and draws on different jurisdictions to achieve a mix of critical and thought-provoking analysis. Where appropriate the text draws on comparative material and a variety of socio-legal, empirical, and non-legal material. This (sixth) edition takes account of revisions to the Criminal Procedure Rules, the Criminal Practice Directions, and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act Codes of Practice. It also examines in detail cases on various topics decided since the last edition was completed, or the significance of which has become clear since then, including: • Addlesee v Dentons Europe llp (CA, 2019) (legal professional privilege) • Birmingham City Council v Jones (CA, 2018) (standard of proof) • R v B (E) (CA, 2017) (good character evidence) • R v Brown (Nico) (CA, 2019) (hearsay evidence) • R v C (CA, 2019) (hearsay evidence) • R v Chauhan (CA, 2019) (submissions of ‘no case to answer’) • R v Gabbai (Edward) (CA, 2019) (bad character evidence) • R v Gillings (Keith) (CA, 2019) (bad character evidence) • R v Hampson (Philip) (CA, 2018) (special measures directions) • R v K (M) (CA, 2018) (burden of proof) • R v Kiziltan (CA, 2017) (hearsay evidence) • R v L (T) (CA, 2018) (entrapment) • R v Reynolds (CA, 2019) (summing-up) • R v S (CA, 2016) (hearsay evidence) • R v SJ (CA, 2019) (expert evidence) • R v Smith (Alec) (CA, 2020) (hearsay evidence) • R v Stevens (Jack) (CA, 2020) (presumptions) • R v Townsend (CA, 2020) (expert evidence) • R v Twigg (CA, 2019) (improperly obtained evidence) • R (Jet2.com Ltd) v CAA (CA, 2020) (legal professional privilege) • R (Maughan) v Oxfordshire Senior Coroner (SC, 2020) (standard of proof) • Serious Fraud Office v Eurasian Natural Resources Corpn Ltd (CA, 2018) (legal professional privilege) • Shagang Shipping Co Ltd v HNA Group Co Ltd (SC, 2020) (foundational concepts; improperly obtained evidence) • Stubbs v The Queen (PC, 2020) (identification evidence) • Volaw Trust and Corporate Services Ltd v Office of the Comptroller of Taxes (PC, 2019) (privilege against self-incrimination) • Volcafe Ltd v Cia Sud Americana de Vapores SA (SC, 2018) (burden of proof)