Дисертації з теми "Group Assembly"
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Howarth, Martin. "An investigation of task level programming for robotic assembly." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241831.
Повний текст джерелаVeljanoski, Jovan. "Globular clusters in the Local Group as probes of galaxy assembly." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9643.
Повний текст джерелаCecconi, Maria Vittoria. ""Progettazione di una pre-assembly lean model factory: il caso Biesse Group"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаKino, Junko Carleton University Dissertation History. "The genesis of reform politics in Upper Canada; the opposition group of the fifth parliament, 1809-1812." Ottawa, 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThompson, Fred A. "Christian love in action moving Northwest Assembly of God to a new level in relationship /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерелаHille, Pascal [Verfasser]. "Advanced group III-nitride nanowire heterostructures - self-assembly and position-controlled growth / Pascal Hille." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132510511/34.
Повний текст джерелаManandhar, Prakash. "Understanding the Functional Group-dependent Self-assembly and Cellular Entry of Cationic Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3673.
Повний текст джерелаCauthen, Jason Wessing. "Developing a methodology to link printed circuit board assembly yield targets to commodity group quality goals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49789.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
The increasing complexity of high-end routing products, a highly diverse product mix, and continually demanding quality requirements have intensified the challenges faced by Cisco. Primary among these is managing the broad array of suppliers to ensure that the parts they are delivering meet the quality needs of the end product while balancing this with the need to remain cost competitive. Because components are often used across many product lines, it is can be difficult to determine exactly how an improvement to the quality of an individual component will impact Cisco's overall yield metrics. This thesis establishes a methodology for linking component quality to assembly-level yields. The component level quality is measured in Defective Parts Per Million (DPPM) at the Commodity Group level, and PCBA Yield is measured as the percentage of boards which meet Cisco's Six Sigma yield targets. The proof of concept for such an analytical link shows that these two metrics can be analytically related, and furthermore can be used to ensure that the effort expended to improve DPPM is optimally targeted to have an impact on assembly-level yields.
by Jason Wessing Cauthen.
S.M.
M.B.A.
Takata, Doman. "A Loop Group Equivariant Analytic Index Theory for Infinite-dimensional Manifolds." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232217.
Повний текст джерелаVäänänen, André. "Smart Process for Automated Engineering Tasks : A case study at Volvo Group Trucks Operations." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82773.
Повний текст джерелаCollins, Mary. "Reactivity and Coordination Chemistry of Pnictogen-Containing Complexes." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19657.
Повний текст джерела10000-01-01
Hua, Sheng Antonio. "Riprogettazione di una linea di assemblaggio di dispenser per il beverage: il caso Celli Group S.p.a." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Знайти повний текст джерелаHişil, Hüseyin. "Elliptic curves, group law, and efficient computation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33233/1/H%C3%BCseyin_Hi%C5%9Fil_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYancey, Jeremy L. "Equipping Bible study leaders for youth weeks in selected areas of leadership at Gulfshore Baptist Assembly, Pass Christian, Mississippi." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерелаSharma, Ashwani Kumar. "Third World solidarity in global politics : the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 in the United Nations General Assembly." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326909.
Повний текст джерелаJansson, Sofie, and Frida Delin. "Process for preparing work instructions : A multiple case study at Volvo Group Trucks Operations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik- och kvalitetsutveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118904.
Повний текст джерелаEn studie gjord av Johansson, Fast-Berglund och Moestam (i tryck) visar variation i hur information hanteras i globala produktionsnätverk. För att komma närmre marknader har organisationer valt att globalisera sin verksamhet, vilket är en anledning till varför variation uppstår. Detta eftersom produkttyper och märken historiskt har varit annorlunda. Ett företag som för närvarande arbetar med att förbättra enhetligheten mellan processer är Volvo Group Trucks Operations (GTO). De vill utvärdera hur processen för framställning av monteringsarbetsinstruktioner ser ut på olika siter inom produktionsnätverket. Detta gör det möjligt för Volvo GTO att starta sitt arbete mot en standardiserad process och enhetlighet mellan siter. En början i detta arbete är att göra en nulägesanalys av processen för framställning av monteringsarbetsinstruktioner vid produktion av Volvo lastvagnar, motorer och växellådor i Sverige. Syftet är att identifiera nyckelaktiviteter inom processen och viktiga faktorer att tänka på när man standardisera processen. Detta sker på tre siter, en inom varje område. Volvo GTO är den del av Volvokoncernen som omfattar all tillverkning av motorer och växellådor samt produktion av Volvo, Renault, Mack och UD lastvagnar. År 2012 valde Volvokoncernen att omorganisera från varumärkesbaserad till organisatoriska enheter, till exempel utveckling, tillverkning etc. Detta har lett till ett ökat behov av en gemensam process för framställning av monteringsarbetsinstruktioner för att skapa enhetlighet mellan varumärkena. Resultatet av denna nulägesanalys visar att processen för framställning av monteringsarbetsinstruktioner utförs annorlunda beroende på siten som studerats. Trots detta är vissa aktiviteter i varje process liknande. Dessa visade sig vara: design, granskning, tidsättning, tidsanalys, balansering, stationsmärkning, skapa monteringsarbetsinstruktioner och dela information. Eftersom vissa aktiviteter faktiskt är lika skulle det vara möjligt att standardisera processen för framställning av monteringsarbetsinstruktioner i framtiden. Viktigt att tänka på när man standardisera en process är att skapa medvetenhet och engagemang bland medarbetarna. Det är också viktigt att ha ledningens engagement och stöd samt enhetlighet mellan IT system som används för att utföra processen. En sista sak att tänka på är att processen måste kunna anpassas då siter är placerade över hela världen och har olika kultur och lagar.
GAIS (Global Assembly Instruction Strategy)
LOSITO, MARIO. "What matters for ideation? A cross-level investigation of individual, group, and network factors." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200805.
Повний текст джерелаGopakumar, Thiruvancheril Gopalakrishnan. "Electronic, Geometric and Functional-Group Effects in the Adsorption of Organic Molecules: STM and STS of Ultra-Thin Layers of Phthalocyanines and Naphthalocyanines on Graphite (0001)." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601234.
Повний текст джерелаMaltoni, Elia. "“Elaborazione ed implementazione di una metodologia innovativa per il miglioramento dei metodi di assemblaggio e di collaudo: il caso SCM Group S.p.A.”." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14396/.
Повний текст джерелаNiemand, Ponthus, and Aya Saladdin. "Management of ergonomic aspects in early design phases using virtual reality : Mapping of ergonomic aspects in early design phases, How would mordern technology like VR be used?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37050.
Повний текст джерелаVolvo Group is one of the Worlds leading manufacturer in the categories trucks, busses, construction equipment and engines for the marine and industrial applications. Volvo Group consist of many different brands 10 in total, these are: Volvo Trucks, UD Trucks, Renault Trucks, Mack Trucks, Group Trucks Asia & JVs, Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo Bus, Volvo Penta, Volvo Financial Services and Governmental Sales. The initiative for the project came from Method and Process Development within Volvo Trucks Tuve Plant, department at Volvo Group Trucks Operations (GTO), which is the part of Volvo Group performing the actual production of the trucks. Volvo GTO is located worldwide in several different countries, which leads to different work processes. To standardize a method where the designer (component owner) together with the geometry architect can make a first ergonomics analysis of the concerned component. To make this possible, the project presented a manual on how the component owner should proceed to obtain as good and correct analysis of ergonomics as possible. This bachelor thesis makes suggestions for how VR would be helpful in the design phase as an evaluation tool during development of a new product/component or whether improvements should be made to an existing component. The thesis has focused mostly on how the designer and geometry architect can evaluate the ergonomics aspects with VR as a help, already in the design phase. The project has investigated two user cases. One of them is presented in this report. This applies to the installation of heat shield, the reason that this particular assembly was chosen is due to its poor ergonomics and accessibility. The project chose to do a RULA-analysis and PLIBEL-analysis. The RULA analysis gave a high total score, 7 out of 7, while PLIBEL was an analysis at the workplace. Both proved to be a good basis for continued work. The study shows that VR is a great tool for analysis of the ergonomics aspects in early design phase. It gives relevant results and has the potential for savings in resources and cost in product development process. To improve the results of the thesis, there have been visits on ESI-Group which has sponsored the thesis in the form of VR equipment and workshop. This gave the project members an insight into the possibilities of VR.
McManus, Ronald F. "Discipleship through small groups First Assembly of God, Winston-Salem, North Carolina /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерелаNeff, Julia Luise [Verfasser]. "The influence of functional groups on the molecular self-assembly on calcite / Julia Luise Neff." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119249503/34.
Повний текст джерелаDalphond, Jake. "Synthesis and self-assembly of polymers containing dicarboximide groups by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78343.
Повний текст джерелаClegg, Robert Samuel. "Structure, stability and electron transfer characteristics of self-assembled monolayers containing internal peptide groups /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9955917.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 303-350). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9955917.
Dell'angela, Martina. "Organic molecules at metal surfaces: the role of functional groups in self-assembly and charge transfer." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3071.
Повний текст джерелаThe understanding of the interaction of organic molecules with metal surfaces is crucial for tailoring the desired properties of future devices that can be employed for molecular electronics or biomedical applications. Self-assembly of complex supramolecular structures and charge transfer through molecular films or even through single molecules are some of the properties that have recently attracted much interest both for possible applications and for more fundamental studies. The molecule-surface interaction takes place thanks to the functional groups that constitute the molecule. The choice of appropriate functional groups of the molecules allows their use as building blocks in the fabrication of complicate architectures [1]. In fact, the functional entities can influence molecule-molecule and molecule-surface interactions, governing the self-assembly of the molecules on the surface. In particular, in the thesis I will report on the characterization by means of Helium Atom Scattering (HAS), X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS), Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) of the self-assembly in ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions of L-methionine molecules on different metal substrates (Ag(111), Cu(111), Au(111), Au(110)). L-methionine is an amino acid with three functional groups which can interact with the substrate or with other molecules: the amino (-NH2), the carboxyl (-COOH) and the thioether (-S-). Moreover, the first two can change their charge state in a protonated amino group (-NH+ 3 ) and a deprotonated carboxyl group (-COO−): the molecules are called zwitterionic and it is allowed the formation of hydrogen bonds between them. Hydrogen bonding between zwitterionic molecules is responsible for the crystallization in the solid state. In the thesis I have studied how, depending on the choice of the substrate and the growth conditions, L-methionine molecules form assemblies with different morphologies and different chemical states of the building blocks. L-methionine molecules deposited on Ag(111) and Au(111) are in the zwitterionic state and interact strongly via hydrogen bonding forming dimers of molecules. The weak interaction with the substrate allows the organization of these dimers in extended bidimensional nanogratings composed of chains of length extending in the micrometer range and with tunable periodicity across the chains. At temperatures below 270K, L-methionine on Cu(111) forms short aggregates of zwitterionic dimers. By increasing the substrate temperature above 300K the charge state of the amino group changes and also the interaction with the surface. Molecules are anionic (-NH2 and -COO−) and form again charged nanogratings. The anionic state of the molecules can also be obtained on the Au(110) surface, where the interaction of the amino and thioether groups with the gold inhibits the formation of zwitterionic dimers via hydrogen bonding. The functional groups in the molecules can also influence their transport properties. The final goal of miniaturization in molecular electronics research is the formation and characterization of a nanoelectronic device in which a molecule between two electrodes plays the role of an active conducting element. In such a device the interaction between the functional groups anchoring the molecule to the electrodes and the electrodes is a crucial element in order to understand and control the conduction. Recent STM-break junction experiments [2] have shown that Au-molecule-Au contacts with amino (- NH2) terminated molecules are better defined than Au-molecule-Au contacts formed with thiol (-SH) terminated molecules [3]. The strong interaction of thiols with gold surfaces is well known in literature and the self-assembly of thiolated molecules is widely employed in many applications. In contrast, the weak interaction of amino terminated molecules with gold is poorly studied. Theoretical calculations suggest that the amine lone pair is responsible for bonding and that it prefers to bind to undercoordinated gold atoms. Within this framework, in the thesis I report on the study of growth of thin films of 1,4-benzenediamine and p-toluidine on two different Au surfaces, where the atoms present different coordination: Au(111) and Au(110). Both molecules interact more strongly with the low coordination (110) surface. By means of Resonant Photoemission Spectroscopy (RPES) it has been possible to disentangle molecular orbitals and determine the ones involved in the charge transfer at the surface. In both cases the charge transfer involves states localized also on the nitrogen atoms indicating a possible interaction of the molecule with the surface through nitrogen atoms. I also studied the assembly of three benzene substituted diamines on Au(111). These results complement very well the results obtained from conduction experiments of different amine-terminated molecules and combined with theoretical investigations can help understanding the basics of the molecular charge transport mechanism. [1] Barth J.V., Costantini G., Kern K., Nature, 437 (2005) 671 [2] Venkataraman L., Klare J. E., Nuckolls C., Hybertsen M. S., Steigerwald M. L., Nature, 442 (7105), 904 (2006) [3] Schreiber F., Progress in Surface Science, 65 (5-8) (2000) 151
Lo studio dell’interazione di molecole organiche con superfici metalliche è di fondamentale importanza per la progettazione di futuri dispositivi che possiedano proprietà ben controllabili in modo tale che possano essere usati per l’elettronica molecolare o per applicazioni biomediche. L’autoassemblaggio di complesse strutture ”supramolecolari” e il trasferimento di carica attraverso film molecolari o anche attraverso singole molecole sono alcune delle proprietà che hanno attratto di recente grande interesse sia per le possibili applicazioni future che per studi di tipo più fondamentale. L’interazione molecola-superficie avviene attraverso i gruppi funzionali che costituiscono le molecole. Molecole con appropriate funzionalizzazioni possono essere usate come mattoni elementari nella fabbricazione di architetture complesse [1]. Infatti, tali gruppi funzionali possono influenzare le interazioni del tipo molecola-molecola e molecola-superficie che governano l’autoassemblaggio delle molecole sulla superficie. In particolare, in questa tesi riporter`o circa la caratterizzazione mediante diffrazione di atomi di elio (HAS), spettroscopia di fotoemissione di raggi X (XPS), misure di assorbimento di raggi X (NEXAFS) e microscopia ad effetto tunnel (STM) dell’autoassemblaggio in condizioni di ultra alto vuoto (UHV) di molecole di L-metionina su diversi substrati metallici (Ag(111), Cu(111), Au(111), Au(110)). La molecola di L-metionina `e un amminoacido che presenta tre gruppi funzionali i quali possono interagire con il substrato o con altre molecole: il gruppo amminico (-NH2), il gruppo carbossilico (- COOH) e il gruppo tioetere (-S-). I primi due possono inoltre cambiare il loro stato di carica originando un gruppo amminico protonato (-NH+ 3 ) e un gruppo carbossilico deprotonato (COO−): in tal caso le molecole sono dette zwitterioniche ed è permessa la formazione di legami a idrogeno tra esse. I legami a idrogeno tra molecole zwitterioniche sono responsabili della loro cristallizzazione nello stato solido. In questa tesi ho studiato come, a seconda della scelta del substrato e delle condizioni di cescita, le molecole di L-metionina formino strutture assemblate che presentano diverse morfologie e diversi stati chimici delle molecole costituenti. Le molecole di L-metionina depositate su Ag(111) e Au(111) sono zwitterioniche e interagiscono fortemente tra di loro tramite legami a idrogeno a formare dimeri di molecole sulla superficie. La debole interazione con il substrato permette l’organizzazione di questi dimeri in estesi reticoli bidimensionali di dimensione nanometrica composti da catene di lunghezza nel range micrometrico e con spaziatura tra le catene controllabile. A temperature sotto 270K, le molecole di L-metionina su Cu(111) formano corti aggregati di dimeri zwitterionici. Aumentando la temperatura del substrato oltre 300K lo stato di carica del gruppo amminico cambia e quindi l’interazione con la superficie. Le molecole sono anioniche (-NH2 e COO−) e formano di nuovo reticoli carichi. Lo stato anionico delle molecole si può ottenere anche sulla superficie di Au(110) dove l’interazione dei gruppi amminico e tioetere con l’oro inibisce la formazione di dimeri zwitterionici via legami a idrogeno. I gruppi funzionali nelle molecole possono anche influenzare le loro proprietà di trasporto. Lo scopo finale della miniaturizzazione nella ricerca nel campo dell’elettronica molecolare è la formazione e caratterizzazione di un dispositivo nanoelettronico in cui una molecola immobilizzata tra due elettrodi gioca il ruolo di elemento conduttivo attivo. In tale dispositivo il controllo dell’interazione tra i gruppi funzionali che tengono la molecola attaccata gli elettrodi e gli elettrodi è un elemento cruciale per la comprensione e il controllo della conduzione. Recenti esperimenti del tipo STM break junction [2] hanno motrato che contatti del tipo Au-molecola-Au con molecole con terminazioni amminiche (NH2) sono meglio definiti che contatti del medesimo tipo con molecole con terminazione tiolica (-SH) [3]. La forte interazione dei tioli con superfici d’oro è ben nota in letteratura e l’autoassemblaggio di molecole con terminazione tiolica è largamente utilizzato in molte applicazioni. In contrasto, la debole interazione di molecole con terminazione amminica con superfici d’oro è stata poco studiata. Recenti calcoli teorici hanno previsto che le molecole si legano alla superficie d’oro attraverso il ”lone pair” localizzato sull’azoto e che sono preferiti i legami con atomi di oro di bassa coordinazione. In particolare, nella tesi riporterò i risultati dello studio della crescita di film sottili di 1,4-benzenediamina e p-toluidina su due diverse superfici d’oro, i cui atomi di superficie presentano diversa coordinazione: Au(111) e Au(110). Ambedue le molecole interagiscono più fortemente con la superficie di bassa coordinazione (110). Tramite la tecnica di fotoemissione risonante (RPES) è stato possibile individuare gli orbitali molecolari e determinare quelli coinvolti nel trasferimento di carica all’interfaccia. In ambedue i casi il trasferimento di carica coinvolge stati che sono localizzati anche sull’atomo di azoto, il che indica una possibile interazione della molecola con la superficie attraverso i gruppi amminici. Ho anche studiato l’assemblaggio su Au(111) di tre diverse benzene-diamine con vii diversi sostituenti legati all’anello. Questi risultati sono un complemento ai risultati ottenuti da esperimenti di conduzione di molecole con diverse terminazioni amminiche e combinati con le investigazioni teoriche possono aiutare nella comprensione dei fondamenti dei meccanismi di trasporto di carica nelle molecole. [1] Barth J.V., Costantini G., Kern K., Nature, 437 (2005) 671 [2] Venkataraman L., Klare J. E., Nuckolls C., Hybertsen M. S., Steigerwald M. L., Nature, 442 (7105), 904 (2006) [3] Schreiber F., Progress in Surface Science, 65 (5-8) (2000) 151
XXI Ciclo
1981
Silva, Ana Paula Cardoso. "Biomonitoramento da qualidade da ?gua e percep??o ambiental na bacia hidrogr?fica Apodi-Mossor?, RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18249.
Повний текст джерелаCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Water scarcity is a reality for the inhabitants of the Brazilian semiarid region. The problem, in quantitative terms , is caused due to local climatic conditions due mostly to a water deficit. Qualitatively, results of multiple uses and resulting contamination by human activities. Eutrophication is presented as a threat to the sustainable use of water resources, in order to favor the predominance of dense populations of cyanobacteria, which can be potentially harmful to human health. The aim of this study is to understand the population dynamics of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria to assess water quality of reservoirs Santa Cruz do Apodi and Pau dos Ferros belonging to bacia Apodi Mossor?-RN . Water samples were collected monthly between October 2011 and May 2012 in reservoirs Santa Cruz do Apodi and Pau dos Ferros, in this latter , in Jan/12 we performed a diel profile . The abiotic variables obtained in the field and in the laboratory were: water temperature , dissolved oxygen , pH , turbidity , transparency , total nitrogen and total phosphorus . Phytoplankton samples were collected with a plankton net and bottle of Van dorn . Were performed : identification , quantification , calculation of biovolume , classification into functional groups and index calculation phytoplankton assembly ( Q ) , cyanotoxins were quantified by ELISA . Statistical analyzes supported the evaluation of the dynamics between biotic and abiotic factors. A questionnaire was conducted to examine the conceptions of the population, education professionals and students. The reservoir of Pau dos Ferros, shallow , turbid and eutrophic showed dominance of the functional group SN throughout the sample period . The phytoplankton biomass ranged from 20 to 70 mm ? . L - 1, the lowest values coincided with the increase of the mixing zone and transparency, which contributed to the occurrence of a change in species composition phytoplankton . The application of the index Q proved relevant, the reservoir of Pau dos Ferros , depending on the species present , was classified ecologically as bad for almost the entire sample period . The reservoir Santa Cruz do Apodi showed low biomass ( 0.04 and 4.31 mm ? . L - 1 ) and greater diversity in the phytoplankton composition . According to the index assembly (Q ), it showed moderate condition during most of the period influenced by different functional groups of typical meso- eutrophic environment (K S0, H1, C, F , J , E, D and N) . Associations of diatoms and green algae D and X1 succeeded populations of cyanobacteria in periods marked by greater instability in the system , caused by wind or rain. In summary , the occurrence of drought has a direct influence on the hydrological conditions of the reservoirs , in general, these events, reducing the reservoir level is directly related to decreased water quality and increased density of phytoplankton occurring predominance of cyanobacteria , the index Q reflected well to changes in phytoplankton composition , being a good indicator for biomonitoring of reservoirs in this study and survey of previous conceptions showed the need to work on environmental awareness for the preservation of water resources by conducting workshops for Environmental Education
A escassez de ?gua ? uma realidade para os habitantes da regi?o semi?rida brasileira. O problema, em termos quantitativos, ? ocasionado em virtude das condi??es clim?ticas locais refletindo, principalmente, em um d?ficit h?drico. Em termos qualitativos, decorre dos m?ltiplos usos e consequente contamina??o pelas atividades humanas. A eutrofiza??o apresenta-se como uma amea?a para o uso sustent?vel dos recursos h?dricos, tendo em vista favorecer a predomin?ncia de densas popula??es de cianobact?rias, as quais podem ser potencialmente prejudiciais ? sa?de humana. O objetivo deste estudo ? compreender a din?mica das popula??es de cianobact?rias e do fitopl?ncton para avaliar a qualidade de ?gua dos reservat?rios Santa Cruz do Apodi e Pau dos Ferros pertencentes ? bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Apodi-Mossor?. Amostras de ?gua foram coletadas mensalmente entre outubro de 2011 e maio de 2012 nos reservat?rio Santa Cruz e Pau dos Ferros, neste ?ltimo, em jan/12 foi realizado um perfil nictemeral. As vari?veis abi?ticas obtidas em campo e no laborat?rio foram: temperatura da ?gua, oxig?nio dissolvido, pH, turbidez, transpar?ncia, nitrog?nio total e f?sforo total. As amostras do fitopl?ncton foram coletadas com rede de pl?ncton e garrafa de Van. Foram realizados: identifica??o, quantifica??o, c?lculo do biovolume, classifica??o em grupos funcionais e c?lculo do ?ndice de assembleia fitoplanct?nico (Q), cianotoxinas foram quantificadas pelo m?todo ELISA. An?lises estat?sticas deram suporte ? avalia??o da din?mica entre fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos. Aplica??o de question?rio foi realizada para analisar as concep??es pr?vias da popula??o, profissionais de ensino e alunos. O reservat?rio Pau dos Ferros considerado raso, turvo e eutr?fico apresentou domin?ncia do grupo funcional SN durante todo o per?odo amostral. A biomasa fitoplanct?nica variou entre 20 e 70 mm?.l-1, os menores valores coincidiram com o aumento da zona de mistura e transpar?ncia, que contribu?ram para a ocorr?ncia de altera??o na composi??o de esp?cies da comunidade fitoplanct?nica. A aplica??o do ?ndice Q mostrou-se relevante, o reservat?rio Pau dos Ferros, em fun??o das esp?cies presentes, foi categorizado, ecologicamente, como ruim durante quase todo o per?odo amostral. O reservat?rio Santa Cruz apresentou baixa biomassa (0,04 e 4,31 mm?. l-1) e maior diversidade na composi??o fitoplanct?nica. De acordo com o ?ndice de assembl?ia (Q), ele apresentou condi??o moderada, durante a maior parte do per?odo, influenciado por diferentes grupos funcionais t?picos de ambientes meso-eutr?ficos (K, S0, H1,C, F, J, P, D e N). Associa??es de diatom?ceas D e clorof?ceas X1 sucederam as popula??es de cianobact?rias em per?odos marcados por maior instabilidade no sistema, causadas pelo vento ou chuva. Em s?ntese, a ocorr?ncia de estiagem tem influ?ncia direta sobre as condi??es hidrol?gicas dos reservat?rios, em geral, nesses eventos, a redu??o do n?vel do reservat?rio est? diretamente associada ? diminui??o da qualidade da ?gua e aumento da densidade fitoplanct?nica ocorrendo predomin?ncia de cianobact?rias, o ?ndice Q refletiu bem ?s mudan?as na composi??o fitoplanct?nica, sendo um bom indicador para o biomonitoramento dos reservat?rios avaliados neste estudo e o levantamento das concep??es pr?vias mostrou a necessidade de se trabalhar a sensibiliza??o ambiental para a preserva??o dos recursos h?dricos atrav?s da realiza??o de oficinas de Educa??o Ambiental
Negro, Alvarado Dante Mauricio. "The latest progress in human rights protection of LGBTI community in the Inter-American field." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116648.
Повний текст джерелаEl artículo describe los principales avances que han contribuidoa visibilizar la temática de las Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Travestis e Intersexuales (LGBTI) a nivel interamericano. Para ello, comienza con el análisis de algunas cuestiones conceptuales que son transversales al tema y discute la importancia que tiene la inclusión de varios compromisos políticos y declaraciones en las resoluciones de la Asamblea General de la OEA referentes a la protección de la comunidad LGBTI. Si bien aún pocos casos han llegado a la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, algunos casos emblemáticos han merecido el pronunciamiento de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, lo que ya genera una jurisprudencia interesante sobre el tema. Finalmente, el texto aborda el contenido de la más reciente Convención Interamericana sobre derechos humanos adoptada por la Asamblea General de la OEA en 2013, la cual incluye dentro de su ámbito de aplicación al colectivo LGBTI. Así, dicha Convención constituye el primer tratado regional en vigor referido a la materia.
Herrera, Marvin Ustaris. "Photochemical Grafting of Methyl and Ferrocenyl Groups on Si(111)Surface." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180499.
Повний текст джерелаSamuel, Matemane Iraguha. "Representation of ethnic groups in subnational political institutions: The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6300.
Повний текст джерелаWith approximately 450 tribes and 250 ethnic groups in a territory of 2 345 095 km2,1the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the world's largest, populous, and multiethnolinguistic countries. Since the departure of the Belgian coloniser in 1960, this Member State of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) is facing a myriad of institutional crises, bloody conflicts and wars, mainly caused by the design of political institutions and the side-lining of some ethnic groups from political institutions. For many decades, Congolese provinces have seen numerous violent ethnic-driven conflicts, which led to institutional instability, political crisis, secessions, massacres and wars. The bloodiest of them all were the first and second Congolese wars. From 1996 to 2002, these so-called "African first world war" cost the DRC the lives of millions of people, divided it into many small "republics" and destroyed the few political and economic infrastructures that survived four decades of institutional instability and dictatorship.
Alpaslan, Mehmet. "The cosmic web unravelled : a study of filamentary structure in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4906.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Xi. "Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers by Low Energy Reactive Ion Scattering: Influences of Terminal Group Composition and Structure on Ion-Surface Interaction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195240.
Повний текст джерелаSmith, Darrin Lee. "Energy-transfer, electron-transfer, and atom/group-transfer resulting from low-energy ion-surface collisions characterize hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, and mixed self-assembled monolayers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280208.
Повний текст джерелаHamon, Pascal. "Le Groupe parlementaire socialiste à l'Assemblée Nationale de 1973 à 1981." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010297.
Повний текст джерелаThe renewal of the french socialist party from the congress of Epinay (1971) was correlated with the renewal of the socialist group since the legislative election in the year 1973. For the national leaders of the new socialist party as well as for the local leaders (and especially the first departemental secretaries) it was characterized by an obvious pluralism between political responsabilities and parlementaries mandates. In the same time, the members of the socialist group practiced an incessant and without concession opposition against the government but they also try not to fail in a systematic obstruction. So they contributed to give an image of party of government that the socialist party wanted to give of himself and prepared the political alternation which arrived in may 1981
Toda, Mitsuaki. "Complement activation on surfaces carrying hydroxyl or amino groups." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120910.
Повний текст джерелаRouquette, Rémi. "Self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes with tunable photophysical properties in confined spaces and in solution." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF075/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the design, synthesis and the photophysical characterisation of luminescent neutral platinum(II) compounds containing a tridentate chromophoric ligand and a monodentate ancillary moiety with different functionalities. Such complexes exhibited drastic changes to their photoluminescence properties upon self-assembly, triggered by the establishment of weak noncovalent p-p stacking and metallophilic interactions. It was demonstrated that these platinum(II) complexes can be covalently attached to silicon and gold substrates but also encapsulated into polymer particles. The self-assembly properties of amphiphilic platinum(II) complexes have also been intensively studied. Understanding the behaviour of one complex in a solvent mixture allowed further investigation into the supramolecular co-assembly of two different platinum(II) complexes. This approach leads to the formation of solvatochromic fibers with specific and reversible phototophysical properties. The investigated compounds and their assemblies were useful for the development of novel functional materials for sensing or stimuli-responsiveness applications
Patil, Vishal. "Design and synthesis of small molecule inhibitors of zinc metalloenzymes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45859.
Повний текст джерелаMatulaitienė, Ieva. "Vibrational spectroscopic study on the structure and interaction with solution components of monolayers with pyridinium functional group adsorbed on metal surface." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140106_111636-29216.
Повний текст джерелаSavitvarkiai monosluoksniai suteikia metalų paviršiams norimas savybes ir plačiai taikomi elektronų pernašos tyrimuose, konstruojant (bio)jutiklius, biotechnologinius bei fotoelektroninius procesus. Teigiamo krūvio monosluoksniai naudojami kuriant anijonų jutiklius ir (bio)technologinius procesus su adsorbuotomis neigiamo krūvio makromolekulėmis. Darbe buvo susintetinta bifunkcinė molekulė su galinėmis tiolio ir piridinio grupėmis, suformuotas monosluoksnis ir ištirtos jo struktūrinės ir funkcinės savybės. Pagrindiniai darbo tikslai buvo ištirti N-(6-merkapto)heksilpiridinio (MHP) adsorbuoto ant Au ir Ag elektrodų struktūrą ir nustatyti monosluoksnio sąveikos su neorganiniais anijonais, dodecilsulfato anijonu ir grafeno oksidu dėsningumus. Naudojant paviršiaus sustiprintos Ramano spektroskopijos, kvantų chemijos skaičiavimo ir izotopinio pakeitimo metodus nustatyti MHP struktūros ir orientacijos elektrodo atžvilgiu Ramano sklaidos žymenys. Tiriant juostų intensyvumo priklausomybes nuo potencialo ir žadinančios spinduliuotės bangos ilgio parodyta, kad Au/MHP sistemoje pasireiškia krūvio pernešimo Ramano spektrų stiprinimo mechanizmas. Nustatyta, kad adsorbuotų neorganinių anijonų pilnai simetrinio virpesio dažnis sumažėja lyginant su tirpalo spektru ir tas pokytis koreliuoja su Gibso dehidracijos energija. Parodyta, kad MHP pritraukia grafeno oksidą. Nustatyta, kad grafeno oksido CC ryšio ilgis ir elektroninė struktūra gali būti keičiama, keičiant potencialą.
Rahman, Habibur. "Mechanically interlocked and redox switchable molecules at surfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1843aa56-2c40-4a97-9e2d-6ce600f9041f.
Повний текст джерелаRibeiro, João Henrique Ranhel. "Computação por assembleias neurais em redes neurais pulsadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-16032012-112119/.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the greatest mysteries in science is to comprehend how brains are capable of realizing the extraordinary computational operations they do. Probably, brains are the structures in which matter and energy are organized in the most complex way in the Universe. Central to the brain computation is the concept of neuron. How neurons compute is motive of intensive scientific investigation. A prevailing consensus is that neurons form transient groups (assemblies) in order to represent things, for realizing computational operations, and for executing cognitive processes; although the mechanisms that substantiate such computation by neural assemblies are not yet well understood. In this thesis we propose a form that explains how neural assembly computation may occur. It is shown that two components are fundamentals for neural coalition formation: the temporal relation among neural groups, and the coupling factor among them. In this sense, neural assemblies presuppose spiking neurons; therefore, here we simulate assembly computing using spiking neural networks. In this thesis it is presented basically a functional approach; thus, it presents a theoretical approach concerning the properties, principles, characteristics, and components that allow the computational operations in neural coalitions. It is presented in the thesis that: (i) as neurons form assemblies it is implicit that a kind of stochastic logic function occurs; (ii) assemblies may form groups that feedback each other, creating bistable groups; (iii) bistable groups internally represent the event that created them; (iv) assemblies may branch and dissolve other assemblies, what give rise to complex algorithms. This is an initial investigation about neural assembly computing and there is a lot to be done; however, in this thesis we present the basal concepts for this new approach. There are programs in the appendices that allow the reader to simulate assembly formation, branching, inhibition, reverberation, among other properties and components in our proposal.
Liu, Jianping. "Part I. Self-assembled, low-dimensional materials composed of both lanthanides and transition metals bridged by cyanate or cyanide groups. Part II. Syntheses and reactivity studies of cyclic organohydroborate anions in organic and organometallic.. /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341528842.
Повний текст джерелаKhoukh, Abdelouahed. "Apport de la RMN diffusionnelle à l’étude des systèmes polymères : extrémités de chaîne, contrôle des architectures et auto-assemblage." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3055/document.
Повний текст джерелаDiffusion Ordered Spectroscopic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DOSY NMR 1H) makes it possible to determine physicochemical data such diffusion coefficients. While typical NMR data on the structure of molecules can be obtained, this technique also permits determinations of the physicochemical characteristics, such as molecular sizes or aggregate formation. The objective of this work was to examine how various NMR methodologies, specifically, 1 and 2 dimensional DOSY NMR, can be applied to the characterization of polymers. The first part of the manuscript relates the NMR characterization of some polymeric materials with a special interest in chain-end groups. In particular, we demonstrate the relationships between chain-ends and the polymerization methods employed. In a second part, the potential of the DOSY technique is used to determine controlled features of a radical polymerization resulting in di- and triblock architectures. Molecular weights are also determined by self-diffusion coefficient measurements. The results presented herein demonstrate that diffusional NMR can be effectively employed to understand interactions in polymeric structures. Indeed, DOSY 1H-NMR provides new interesting results concerning micellization, aggregation, encapsulation phenomena and the release of active molecules
Alexandridis, Nikolaos. "Modélisations des mécanismes généraux d'assemblage des communautés pour simuler la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la biodiversité benthique." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0031/document.
Повний текст джерелаBenthic macroinvertebrates are part of a complex network of interactions. The spatial and temporal scales of the processes that form the basis for these interactions have traditionally restricted their empirical investigation. The first chapter of the manuscript attempts a review of the modelling tools that have been employed for the study of the marine benthos.The implementation of a mechanistic modelling framework seems fitting, but it requires the derivation of a few model entities with a clear functional role. The second chapter of the manuscript employs the emergent group hypothesis to do that in a way that is objective and testable. The resulting grouping is tested against theoretical expectations and the results support its ability to represent functional diversity in the Rance estuary.The lack of knowledge for the attribution of relationships among functional components is still important. The third chapter of the manuscript addresses this issue based on ecological theories that predict the existence of functional trade-offs operating at both large and small spatial scales. In a first inception of the system, these elements are incorporated in the form of general rules of interaction into qualitative models of the functional groups.In spite of the interest in developing and analysing qualitative models, the goal of studying the dynamic and spatially explicit behaviour of benthic biodiversity can only be reached by a model with the same characteristics. The fourth chapter of the manuscript presents the architecture of an individual-based model, primarily transferring the rules of interaction from the qualitative models to a dynamic and spatially explicit framework
Kolacz, Jakub. "Energy Minimization in Nematic Liquid Crystal Systems Driven by Geometric Confinement and Temperature Gradients with Applications in Colloidal Systems." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1448898699.
Повний текст джерелаAdas, Ala'. "L'information des actionnaires dans les sociétés anonymes : étude comparative des droits français et jordanien : propositions pour un renforcement en droit jordanien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32044.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent financial scandals that hit many limited companies in the world have revealed the need to strengthen the right of shareholders information about the situation of their society. France as well as Jordan were among the countries involved in these scandals. If the French law has responded to this issue by strengthening the right of information of shareholders of limited companies, Jordanian law, has not so far taken any steps in this direction.The comparison between the Jordanian and French law regarding the right of information of shareholders of limited companies shows that shareholders of French limited companies are better informed about the situation of their company than shareholders of limited companies of Jordanian law. This comparison also shows that strengthening the right of information of shareholders of Jordanian law requires on one hand, the affirmation of the right of shareholders to be informed and that, through the strengthening of their information process, and extending the field of information they have access, and on the other hand, improving the quality of information given to shareholders by strengthening controls over it
Lhuillier, Jean-Baptiste. "Le cyber-actionnaire : adaptation du droit des sociétés à l’évolution des technologies d’information et de communication. Étude en droits européen, français et allemand comparés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100142/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study looks into the introduction of electronic means in French and German company law.The French legislator already introduced the possibility of participating in shareholders annualgeneral meetings via electronic means in 2001. The law on New Economic Regulations led thegovernment to set the conditions of all the electronic communication between companies andtheir shareholders. In Germany, mainly the ARUG from 2009 modernized the law related to theAGM, by transposing the European directive from 11th July 2007 on the exercise of certain rightsof shareholders in listed companies. The new laws have a shareholder in mind, who would useelectronic means to facilitate the exercise of his rights before and during the AGM, a “cybershareholder”.While the German law seeks to assimilate the electronic communication with thetraditional correspondence, the varying French decrees seem to distinguish between a new legalregime and a traditional one. However, there is no need for a new category of shareholders,which could justify a special legal foundation. The cyber-shareholder is just a shareholderexercising his rights related to information, communication and collective decision-making in theAGM via electronic means
Donazar, Francis. "Les groupes parlementaires à l’Assemblée nationale sous la Vème République." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020066.
Повний текст джерелаParliamentary groups - which are inherent to the contemporary representative government - constitute the internal formations of parliamentary assemblies. Institutional practices have progressively put the emphasis on parliamentary groups over time and, albeit lambasted for a long time in France and in other regions, the latter have become key players in political life. From the 1789 Estates General, the French parliamentary history has revealed a natural and spontaneous propensity to form groups. Nowadays parliamentary groups are recognised institutions which are enshrined in law. First acknowledged by the July 1, 1910 resolution which modified the rules of the Chamber of Deputies, then by the short-lived Constitution of the Fourth Republic, these cogs in the machine of parliamentary life and political relations between assemblies and executive branch were formally recognised in the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on July 23, 2008. This legal anchoring has exacerbated tensions with the classic principles of representative mandates - the ban of imperative mandates in particular - and with the core nature of Parliament, i.e. being a deliberative body, which are the central tenets of parliamentary open sessions. The establishment of multiparty democracy has reinforced parliamentary groups: as the natural continuation of the electoral democracy of which they ensure consistency on the parliamentary level, both for the majority and the opposition, parliamentary groups have proved to be essential in the political chessboard, then in the institutional spectrum. Nowadays they are the cornerstone of representative democracy. The objective of this research which tackles the very heart of political life is to analyse the role assigned to them under the French positive constitutional and parliamentary law, but also to highlight the limits of the latter to this inherently political and inevitable phenomenon
Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Повний текст джерелаWei-Shing, Chen. "MINIMUM AND GROUP SETUP STRATEGIES IN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY." 2003. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611295143.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Wei-Shing, and 陳偉星. "MINIMUM AND GROUP SETUP STRATEGIES IN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65862776895215662485.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
91
The placement of printed circuit boards with surface mount device is steadily gaining importance. In a low to medium lot volume and high product variety production environment, the setup time of a placement machine is a major proportion in total production time in PCB assembly. Reducing setup time is, therefore, an important concern both for increasing productive capacity and enabling the system to respond fast with flexible planning. In this thesis, we consider the first decision problem for a minimum setup strategy of a production system arising in the assembly of printed circuit boards of different types, using a placement machine with multi-slot feeders. We formulate the problem as a binary linear programming model, and propose a heuristic procedure to find the solution that consists of a board-assembly sequence, an associated component loading and unloading strategy and a feeder-assignment plan within reasonable computational effort. In some cases, it requires several hours to prepare the pick-and-place machines for assembling a new board type, i.e., a major setup occurs during assembly of different board types. Group setup strategy is appropriate to this circumstance. In a high-mix medium-volume production environment, we study the second decision problem of clustering PCBs into groups in such a way that total placement and setup time are minimized. This problem is motivated by a situation that the reduction of group setup-time and efficiency loss of placement time should be balanced in a group setup optimization. We incorporate placement time into the PCB job grouping and present a new weighting similarity measure in which component-similarity, rack-utilization and placement-time-loss are incorporated into. To solve component-feeder assignment and placement sequencing decisions for a group of PCBs, an efficient procedure based upon an ant colony optimization algorithm is developed. We also extend a genetic algorithm by incorporating the ant colony algorithm to improve the solution quality of feeder assignment and placement sequencing decisions. Hybridization is achieved through the use of a guided local search heuristic to improve feeder assignment and an ant colony algorithm with multiple initial parameters to initialize initial populations for genetic evaluation processing. Experimental results show the advantages of this new approach over more traditional genetic algorithm approach in solving component-feeder assignment and placement sequencing decision problems simultaneously.
Chin-Tzwu, Huang, and 黃欽足. "Development of Integrated Assembly Plan Generation Systems for Combinative Group Products." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64368375847692999446.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
92
Based on the assembly plans generation of grouped product families complex potential associated with the parts number, geometrical shape and change of the facilities layout are studied. The objective of this research is to propose a new ASP-LMPR method that makes use of a logical liaison matrix (LM) and precedence relationships (PR) of Boolean algebra to establish the framework of the generation system of assembly sequence plan (ASP). The ASP-LMPR is able to analyze the relationships of logic combination, and to determine the feasible (or optimal) assembly plans for the grouped combinative product families. To enhance the rapid identification of the product’s organization suitability and optimal assembly sequence, the liaison matrix and precedence relationships are introduced. For the sample case that photosensitive illuminate device is represented, the effectiveness of the integrated assembly plan generation are obtained analytically by the computerized generation. The numerical results are presented to illustrate the implementation and the capabilities of the ASP-LMPR. In the case of the mold surfaces data integration (MSDI) for polished process planning, the polished process planning and potential tool- approach directions are systematic and the analysis is computerized. The results show that the logical configurations and systematical procedure of the ASP-LMPR method are examined further by using the logical complex technique of the MSDI associated with the framework of Boolean algebra and liaison matrix. The paper provides a novel systematical assembly plans modeling tool and procedure that can be further extended to accommodate more parts appeared in complicated combinative group products.