Статті в журналах: "Groundwater Thailand Samut Songkhram"

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POTJANAJARUWIT, Pisit. "THE NEW NORMAL LIFESTYLE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR TOURISM ENTREPRENEURS OF SAMUT SONGKHRAM PROVINCE TO RESOLVE THE COVID19 CRISIS IN THE SHORT AND LONG TERM IN THAILAND." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43324-918.

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The purposes of this research were: 1. to study the influence of community, government, and educational institutions’ support towards the reskilling and upskilling of personnel and the new normal lifestyle technology development of tourism entrepreneurs in Samut Songkhram Province and 2. to study the influence of the new normal lifestyle technology development on the potential of tourism entrepreneurs in Samut Songkhram Province in resolving the COVID-19 crisis in the short and long term.The research instruments, interview forms and questionnaires, were used to collect data which were then analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to find the cause-and-effect relationships found in the new normal lifestyle technology development of the tourism entrepreneurs in Samut Songkhram Province. The results found that factors such as support from the community, government agencies, and educational institutions had a 0.83 positive direct influence on the new normal lifestyle technology development of tourism entrepreneurs in Samut Songkhram Province at the statistical significance at 0.01 level. The support from the community, government agencies, and educational institutions was also found to have a 0.97 positive direct influence on the reskilling and upskilling of personnel of the tourism entrepreneurs in Samut Songkhram Province. The new normal lifestyle technology development was found having a 0.28 positive direct influence on the potential of tourism entrepreneurs in Samut Songkhram province in resolving the COVID-19 crisis at a statistically significant level of 0.01.

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Kasemsawat, Srisuwan, Sivapan Choo-in, and Tatsanawalai Utarasakul. "Wastewater Management and Community Participation in Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (October 31, 2018): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221387.

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This research focused on wastewater management and community participation in Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. Objectives of the research were (1) To investigate and assess quality of surface water and sewage at the sources before being discharged into main river and canals in Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province. The study was conducted during October 2016–September 2017. A number of 40 surface water samples and 40 sewage samples were collected. Water quality of the samples were assessed following the Pollution Control Department procedure. The results showed that quality of surface water was likely good with pH, DO and amount of coliform bacteria under the PCD standard. BOD and amount of fecal coliform bacteria were slightly over the threshold and very high amount of NH3 was found. Sewage contained very low DO, extremely high BOD and slightly high TKN.

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CHAIPHONGPACHARA, TANAWAT, SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN, and CHAEKKI KUNPHICHAYADECHA. "Effect of the CDC light trap on control of nocturnal mosquitoes in coastal Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (September 21, 2018): 1750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190522.

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Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S, Kunphichayadecha C. 2018. Effect of the CDC light trap on control of nocturnal mosquitoesin coastal Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 19: 1750-1754. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CDC lighttrap on mosquito control and to study the relationship between this effect and weather factors in coastal areas (2 and 4 km from the sea)of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. We conducted a field test by trapping for 30 consecutive days from September to October2017. The trap was hung at a height of 1.5 m and was 50 m away from a house. A total of 2963 adult female mosquitoes of 4 speciesbelonging to 2 genera were trapped, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiensWiedmann and Cx. gelidus Theobald. The trapping rate of the CDC light trap set up 2 km from the sea was 85.70±73.81 adultmosquitoes per night. Meanwhile, at the location 4 km from the sea, the trap collected 13.07±11.40 adult mosquitoes per night.Comparing the numbers of mosquitoes captured by the CDC light trap between these two sites, there was a significant difference at p <0.05. This study shows that the CDC light trap can be used for effective control of mosquitoes in coastal areas of Samut SongkhramProvince, Thailand, especially Cx. sitiens, a filariasis vector.

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Nithitwaraphakun, Kannaphat. "Developing an English training course for local wisdom inheritance of one village one product in Thailand." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 11, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.6p.38.

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The purposes of this study were to 1) develop an English training course for local wisdom inheritance of One Tambon (Village) One Product (OTOP) in Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province, 2) compare the English achievement results of the participants before and after the English language training 3) study learners’ English performance, including vocabulary and the communication about process of making Thai coconut palm sugar presentation with determine criteria, and 4) study learners’ satisfaction with the training course. The sample participants were 10 OTOP entrepreneurs in Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province who were selected by voluntary selection and they were interested and applied for the training course and all of them hold a bachelor degree. The research instruments were questionnaire assessing learners’ training needs, an academic achievement test, a performance evaluation form, and a satisfaction assessment form. The statistics for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and content analysis. The findings were as follows: 1) The developed an English course for Local Wisdom Inheritance of One Tambon (Village) One Product (OTOP) in Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province contains 9 components including conception of curriculum, principles, objectives, structures, activities, duration, teaching materials, evaluation and assessment, and expected outcomes, 2) the average scores from English achievement test after using the curriculum in English training course was higher than before testing. 3) learners’ English performance, including vocabulary and the communication about process of making Thai coconut palm sugar presentation, was at the high level (83.33%) which was higher than determine criteria, and 4) learners’ satisfaction with the English training course was at the highest level (X= 4.70).

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Sudjaroen, Yuttana. "Biochemical and hematological status of pesticide sprayers in Samut Songkhram, Thailand." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 8, no. 5 (2015): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.159843.

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Potjanajaruwit, Pisit. "THAILAND 4.0’S INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY: ANALYZING INDICATOR LEVEL." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 2(15) (March 31, 2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.2(15).2019.19-29.

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The objective of the research titled ‘Innovation and Technology of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Coconut Sugar Business in Thailand 4.0’ is to study the level of innovation and technology of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the coconut sugar business in Samut Songkhram Province. This research is the Mixed Methods Research and the populations of this research consisted of entrepreneurs and executives as well as those who engage in the development of innovation and technology of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the coconut sugar business in Samut Songkhram Province.The results showed that SMEs’ innovation and technology consisted of 3components including Innovation and Technology in Learning, Innovation and Technology in Communication and Innovation and Technology in Operational Support. Innovation and Technology in Communication was ranked as No. 1with the highest Mean, it was found that there are 3 areas of innovation and technology to be studied, including Innovation and Technology in Learning, Innovation and Technology in Communication and Innovation and Technology in Operational Support. Based on the data analysis for the rating scale on the innovation and technology, it was found that the rating scale on communication was ranked as No. 1 with the highest Mean (x̄= 4.40S.D. = 0.43), No. 2 was the innovation and technology in learning with the highest Mean (x̄= 4.38 S.D. = 0.44) and No. 3 was the innovation and technology on operational support with the highest Mean (x̄= 4.33 S.D. = .047). All variables are statistically significant influences.

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Sirinam, Salin, Supawat Chatchen, Watcharee Arunsodsai, Suriya Guharat, and Kriengsak Limkittikul. "Seroprevalence of Zika Virus in Amphawa District, Thailand, after the 2016 Pandemic." Viruses 14, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030476.

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In 2016, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was declared a public health emergency of international concern because of the neurological consequences in babies born to infected people. Because of the mild and nonspecific symptoms, serological tests are essential in epidemiological studies. However, cross-reactive antibodies between other Flaviviridae members may complicate the interpretation of results of these tests. This study investigated the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection in Samut Songkhram in central Thailand which was affected by the Zika outbreak of 2016. Three hundred and fifty volunteers aged 5–50 years in Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram, were enrolled between April 2017 and April 2018. ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen serum samples collected on the first day of enrollment and after 6 and 12 months. The seroprevalence and seroconversion of ZIKV were assessed. Cases of ZIKV seroconversion were verified as evidence of ZIKV infection by NS1 blockade-of-binding ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). ZIKV seroprevalence in Amphawa was 15.1–17.8% with no significant change over the year. The total seroconversion rate throughout the year was 7/100 person-years. The ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic infections was 4.5:1. The cases in our study confirmed the occurrence of occult ZIKV infections in the community. These undetected infections might promote the spread of ZIKV in vulnerable groups of the community.

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Thirasirikul, Jidapa. "Participatory Water Resources Management in Phraek Nam Daeng Community, Samut Songkhram, Thailand." PSAKU International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12778/235108618x15452373185967.

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Choo-In, Sivapan, Srisuwan Kasemsawat, Jiraporn Sriwilai, and Nutthida Kuanprasert. "The Participation of Surface Water Quality Management, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram, Thailand." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 197 (July 2015): 1551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.109.

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Peerapun, Wannasilpa, Siriwan Silaphacharanan, and Vira Sachakul. "The Conservation of Cultural Heritage Along Amphawa Canal, Samut Songkhram Province." MANUSYA 9, no. 4 (2006): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00904005.

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The Amphawa community houses the birth place of King Rama II Nowadays this community is still water-based and one can see Thai-styled and row houses, canal-side walkways and ladders leading down to the canal. Against this backdrop are coconut plantations and mixed orchards of pomelo, lychee, etc. Amphawa is also rich in Thai culture featuring mural paintings, traditional dance and music and architecture. Water-based ways of life are very much alive as evidenced by water traffic. The objective of the project is to modify and apply the SAVE and CHIP techniques devised by the Danish Government as part of Cultural Heritage Conservation, awareness-raising campaign and demonstration of conservation campaign of traditional buildings ranging from government buildings, Thai-styled and contemporary houses and row houses to the rehabilitation of a canal landscape. As a result, local people are better aware of the advantages of cultural heritage conservation while the project enhances the preparedness of the community to accommodate ecological tourism. Finally, the experience gained from this project can also be applied to other areas of Thailand.

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Deepadung, Sujaritlak. "Toponyms in the Western Region of Thailand." MANUSYA 6, no. 2 (2003): 31–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00602002.

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Village names or toponyms in the Western region of Thailand, i.e. Kanchanaburi, Nakorn Pathom, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Samut Songkhram, Samut Sakorn and Suphan Buri, in this study are drawn from a complete list of names in Thamniap Thongthii 2535 BC (Provincial Records 1992). The aims of this study are: 1) to analyse the linguistic structure of Thai village names 2) to set up dimensions for the semantic features of the village names in the western region of Thailand and 3) to make a frequency count of the general names which are the first morpheme of a name. The result are as follows: 1) the linguistic structure of the village names is the same as that of the grammatical word structure in Thai 2) there are five major semantic dimensions of the village names, namely, the geographical features which include water or sources of water, elevated land areas and other geographical areas, the nongeographical features which consist of plants, animals, uncultivated or the cultivated land and profession, constructed objects, numbers, persons, and other ethic languages, the locative or directional features which are divided into prepositional locatives and noun locatives, the auspicious features and the descriptive features, and 3) the village names to the western region of Thailand rely significantly on physical geography of the area.

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Phonphan, Walaiporn. "Application of Geo-Informatics to Estimate Agricultural Water Use in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (October 30, 2018): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221397.

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Water use of human depends on daily life activities. Agriculture is the main activity of Thailand. In the present, there are the extension of agriculture, industry, residence, and community which increase water demand. It can cause a problem of water use among urban, industrial and agricultural. Most agricultural in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand were planting crops such as pomelo, coconut and lychee, which are famous and generate a lot of income for farmers. The quality and quantity of water is an indicator for measure of the quality and yield of agricultural products. The aim of research is to estimate water use through geographic information system, and remote sensing from Landsat8 satellite. This research considers the main parameters which were; estimation of spatial rainfall runoff and quantity of evaporation, infiltration rate of the soil. To evaluate the amount of soil moisture in order to create soil moisture map for planning the utilization and management of water for agriculture. The classification land use was to investigate from Landsat8 which shown currently agricultural area. The result showed the soil moisture which distributes in each area especially the agricultural area. This information can be used by agriculturists and related organizations to plan and make the decision of growing appropriate plants according to the soil moisture for the sustainability of the agriculture.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, and Laddawan Moolrat. "Insecticide resistance of temephos on Aedes aegypti as dengue vector in Samut Songkhram, Thailand." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 10, no. 6 (2017): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/atmph.atmph_127_17.

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KITO, KENJI, and CHITTIMA ARYUTHAKA. "New mouthless nematode of the genus Parastomonema Kito, 1989 (Nematoda: Siphonolaimidae) from a mangrove forest on the coast of Thailand, and erection of the new subfamily Astomonematinae within the Siphonolaimidae." Zootaxa 1177, no. 1 (April 21, 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1177.1.4.

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A new species of mouthless nematode Parastomonema papillosum sp. nov. was described based on specimens collected in muddy sediments of a mangrove forest in Samut Songkhram, Thailand. Parastomonema papillosum sp. nov. is the second species of the genus and differs from the type species P. fijiense Kito, 1989 in having short body length (1.5–3.0 mm), short cephalic setae (1.5–2.6 µm), and a weakly cuticularized gubernacular apophysis in the male. Astomonematinae subfam. nov. was erected for the two mouthless genera Astomonema and Parastomonema in the Siphonolaimidae based on the diagnostic feature of a degenerate alimentary canal and female reproductive system with paired ovaries.

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Suklom, Anotai, Tosaphol Saetung Keetapithchayakul, Azman Abdul Rahim, and Koraon Wongkamhaeng. "Two new species of the genus Floresorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from Amphawa Estuary, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Zoosystematics and Evolution 98, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83749.

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Two new species of Floresorchestia (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are described from Amphawa Estuary, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Floresorchestia amphawaensissp. nov. is a riparian-hoppers living near agricultural and urban areas, being distinguished by the following character states: left mandible lacinia mobilis 4-dentate; gnathopod 2 palm reaching about 34%; telson as broad as long, with four robust setae per lobe. Floresorchestia pongratisp. nov. are described as riparian-hoppers living in the moist area near Mae Klong canal banks with a unique left mandible lacinia mobilis 5-dentate; gnathopod 2 palm reaching 30% and telson with seven robust setae per lobe. The status and the problem of diagnostic character states of the genus Floresorchestia are discussed.

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Charoenpokaraj, Nitinarth, and Petchpanom Chitman. "Species Diversity of Migratory Birds Along the Mangrove Nature Trails in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 5365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.11736.

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Panitchpakdi, Kundoldibya. "Participatory Development of a Local Curriculum on Traditional Thai House Regeneration in Samut Songkhram." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.194.

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This paper is part of the participatory action research on ‘Architecture for Community Empowering’ project, which has been on-going since 2007. The project emerged from expressed need of local communities to preserve the traditional Thai house as a cultural heritage. A curriculum was developed to provide training on the features of Thai- housing, construction and preservation to empower communities to share and spread this traditional wisdom. Trainees also developed a more profound appreciation for the Thai architectural heritage. This curriculum is the first of its kind in Thailand, and the training is being replicated in other communities in the country.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Local curriculum; traditional Thai house; housing; regeneration

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Pharino, Chanathip, Nop Sailamai, and Pinida Leelapanang Kamphaengthong. "Material Flow Analysis of Nitrogen in Maeklong River Basin in Ratchaburi and Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Water Conservation Science and Engineering 1, no. 3 (September 2, 2016): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41101-016-0011-1.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, Sedthapong Laojun, and Chaekki Kunphichayadecha. "Effectiveness of mosquito magnets for reducing mosquito (Diptera) populations in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 5, no. 4 (2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2018.e294.

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Polyium, Udomdeja, and Na Thaisong Phinthida. "Phytochemical and Nutritional Values of Local Plants in the Phraek Nam Daeng Community Samut Songkhram Province Thailand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.101.

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The biodiversity of local plants on Phraek Nam Daeng community Amphawa, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand has been the result of the terrain as a source of freshwater and salty. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical screening and nutritional value of 6 local plants in the Phraek Nam Daeng community including: Azima sarmentosa Benth, Pluchea indica (L) Less,, Boehravia diffusa L, Acanthus ilicifolius L, Sesuvium portulacastrum L and Derris trifoliata Lour. The phytochemical analysis was performed for alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside. Nutritional analysis of proximal composition of local plants using the method of AOAC (2005),Which consist of moisture content, protein content, lipid content, fiber content, total ash content and carbohydrate content. The results showed that phytochemical screening of 6 local plants, the methanolic extracts have the presence of bioactive substances such as alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside. The most nutritional composition of local plants showed that the moisture content was Sesuvium portulacastrum L, protein content was Acanthus ilicifolius L, lipid and carbohydrate content was Azima sarmentosa Benth. & Hook, fiber content was Pluchea indica (L) Less., these represent the potential of food crops for food security and sustainable use of biodiversity.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, Poom Adisakwattana, and Nantana Suwandittakul. "Intraspecific Genetic Variation of Anisakis typica in Indian Mackerel Caught from the Gulf of Thailand, Samut Songkhram Province." Scientific World Journal 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2122619.

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Anisakis nematodes infecting Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were initially discovered in Thailand in our preliminary investigation. Nevertheless, the species of Anisakis collected has not been determined nor has its genetic variation been researched. Thus, this study aimed to molecularly identify the species of Anisakis specimens using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA sequences. In addition, the intraspecific genetic variation was also determined using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene sequences. The phylogenetic relationships of the ITS region classified all samples into Anisakis typica; however, the genetic variation between them could not be distinguished. By contrast, the phylogenetic tree analysis of the COII region identified all samples as A. typica, with 17 different haplotypes by 66 polymorphic sites and five of the substitutions resulted in amino acid change. Additionally, the distribution pattern of the COII region can be separated into two groups between South America and Asian countries. All our haplotypes belong to Asian countries. Compared with the two genetic markers used in this investigation, COII appears to be a better candidate for studying genetic variation sensitive to environmental changes and intermediate or definitive host behavioral changes.

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Tanawat, Chaiphongpachara, Laojun Sedthapong, and Kunphichayadecha Chaekki. "Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquitoes control in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 7, no. 1 (2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/2318-1265jabb.v7n1p25-30.

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Supmee, Verakiat, Apirak Songrak, Juthamas Suppapan, and Pradit Sangthong. "Population Genetic Structure of Ornate Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus hexodon) in Thailand." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.1.4.

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Ornate threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon) is an economically important fishery species in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, N. hexodon decreased dramatically due to overexploitation for commercial purposes. To construct an effective sustainable management plan, genetic information is necessary. Thus, in our study, the population genetic structure and demographic history of N. hexodon were investigated using 419 bp of the mitochondrial DNA sequence in cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtDNA COI). A total of 142 samples was collected from nine localities in the Gulf of Thailand (Chonburi, Samut Songkhram, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla), and the Andaman Sea (Satun, Trang, Krabi, Phang Nga). Fourteen polymorphic sites defined 18 haplotypes, revealing a high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity among nine localities. The Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis, pairwise FST, and minimum spanning network result revealed that the genetic structure of N. hexodon was separated into two populations: the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea population. The genetic structure of N. hexodon can be explained by a disruption of gene flow from the geographic barrier and the Pleistocene isolation of the marine basin hypothesis. Neutrality tests, Bayesian skyline analysis, mismatch distribution, and the estimated values of population growth suggested that N. hexodon had experienced a population expansion. The genetic information would certainly help us gain insight into the population genetic structure of N. hexodon living on the coast of Thailand.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, Ploypailin Bunyuen, and Kitthisak Khlaeo Chansukh. "Development of a More Effective Mosquito Trapping Box for Vector Control." Scientific World Journal 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6241703.

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Mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health issue in nearly all tropical and subtropical countries, making vector control imperative. The mosquito trapping box is one type of mosquito traps that is popular in some areas because it is affordable, environmentally friendly, and easy to produce. This research investigated whether the effectiveness of the mosquito trapping box could be increased through the addition of various physical factors, including a wooden frame, black cotton cloth, a fan, carbon dioxide (CO2), and heat, by testing a range of box designs in the Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand, between December 2016 and January 2017. We found that trapping boxes constructed with Pinus kesiya wood caught more mosquitoes than those constructed with two other types of wood or aluminum. We also found that mosquito trapping boxes were more effective when more factors were added, although these differences were only significant for black cotton cloth and CO2. These findings will guide the future development of mosquito trapping boxes for effective mosquito control in other areas, helping to reduce the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, and Prapawan Suacum. "RISK ASSESSMENT OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASE USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL OF SAMUT SONGKHRAM PROVINCE, THAILAND." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 1 (April 13, 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.6.

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Yiamjanya, Siripen. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors for e-Marketing Technology and Innovation in Homestay Establishments: A Case Study of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Journal of Economics, Business and Management 4, no. 1 (2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2016.v4.364.

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Piyadhida Sungkhamanee, Krisada Sungkhamanee,. "Environment and Potential Affecting Investment Decision for Accommodation Business: Case of Less Visited Area in Samut Songkhram and Phatthalung Province." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1706–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2326.

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Investment decisions have great importance in different sectors of various countries and these decisions are the basis on which the outcomes of the investments are based. However, there might be certain factors that might lead to the incorrect long term and short term investment decisions. In this regard, the current study has been conducted with the core motive to explore the impact casted by the environment and potential factors i.e. salience and overconfidence on the long term investment decisions for accommodation business along with the moderation of a variable i.e. financial literacy. To fulfill this objective, the researcher has collected data from the investors of accommodation businesses in Thailand. The collected data has been subjected to different statistical techniques and tools for analysis purpose and the results have been obtained. The results obtained by the analysis of the collected data indicate that salience and overconfidence have significant impact on the long term investment decision. In addition, the moderating role of financial literacy has also been found as significant in the study. The results suggest that the investors of the accommodation business must consider the aspects of salience and overconfidence before taking any long term investment decision to avoid failure of the investment decision.

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Charoenpokaraj, Nitinarth, and Petchpanom Chitman. "Species Diversity and Abundance of Birds in the Coastal Land Use Areas, Bang Kaew Sub-District, Muang District, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 5385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.11740.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, and Sedthapong Laojun. "Annual Variability of Wing Morphology in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) Mosquito Vectors from the Coastal Area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Journal of Parasitology Research 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3978965.

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Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) is a mosquito vector that is found in coastal areas. Effective control of mosquitoes requires knowledge of the biology, ecology, and behavior of the vector as well as of various other aspects, including its morphology. Currently, variations in the wing size and shape of coastal Cx. sitiens have not been described. Here, morphological changes were studied in the wings of Cx. sitiens from a coastal area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Samples were collected at night (6:00 pm–6:00 am) during single weeks of September in the years 2015–2017 using Center for Disease Control light traps with dry ice as bait. Eighteen landmarks of each individual were selected and digitized for landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses. Wing size variability was estimated using the isometric estimator of centroid size. Wing-shape variables were computed as Procrustes superimposition with residual coordinates of the 18 landmarks following a Generalized Procrustes Analysis and the principal components of residual coordinates. Degrees of wing-shape dissimilarity among individuals were analyzed using discriminant analysis or canonical variate analysis, which was illustrated in a discriminant space of canonical variables. Differences in wing size and shape among populations were calculated using nonparametric permutations based on 1000 runs with Bonferroni correction tests at a p-value of <0.05. The wing sizes and shapes of the mosquitoes differed significantly between observation years in all population groups, as indicated by nonparametric tests (1000 runs) with the Bonferroni correction. Differing rainfall between observation years was related to morphological changes in mosquito populations, presumably reflecting environmental adaptation. Differences in the wing morphology of Cx. sitiens between annual populations reflect adaptation to environmental variables such as rainfall and may affect the potential to act as insect vectors of human disease. These observations may facilitate the development of tools for managing mosquito-borne disease.

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Upakankaew, Kamonporn, Sarawut Ninsawat, Salvatore G. P. Virdis, and Nophea Sasaki. "Discrimination of Mangrove Stages Using Multitemporal Sentinel-1 C-Band Backscatter and Sentinel-2 Data—A Case Study in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091433.

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Discrimination of mangrove stage changes is useful for the conservation of this valuable natural resource. However, present-day optical satellite imagery is not fully reliable due to its high sensitivity to weather conditions and tidal variables. Here, we used the Vertical Transmit—Vertical Receive Polarization (VV) and Vertical Transmit—Horizontal Receive Polarization (VH) backscatter from the same and multiple-incidence angles from Sentinel-1 SAR C-band along with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDVIRE) and Chlorophyll Index Green (CIGreen) from the optical satellite imageries from Sentinel-2 to discriminate between the changes in disturbance, recovery, and healthy mangrove stages in Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. We found the mean NDVI values to be 0.08 (±0.11), 0.19 (±0.09), and −0.53 (±0.16) for the three stages, respectively. We further found their correlation with VH backscatter from the multiple-incidence angles at about −17.98 (±2.34), −16.43 (±1.59), and −13.40 (±1.07), respectively. The VH backscatter from multiple-incidence angles was correlated with NDVI using Pearson’s correlation (𝑟2 = 0.62). However, Pearson’s correlation of a single plot (ID2) of mangrove stage change from disturbance to recovery, and then on to the healthy mangrove stage, displayed a 𝑟2 of 0.93 (p value is less than 0.0001, n = 34). This indicated that the multitemporal Sentinel-1 C-band backscatter and Sentinel-2 data could be used to discriminate mangrove stages, and that a reduced correlation to significant observations was the result of variations in both optical and SAR backscatter data.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, and Sedthapong Laojun. "Variation over time in wing size and shape of the coastal malaria vector Anopheles (Cellia) epiroticus Linton and Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae) in Samut Songkhram, Thailand." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 6, no. 2 (2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2019.f334.

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Senarat, S., J. Kettratad, and W. Jiraungkoorskul. "Structure and ultrastructure of oogenic stage in short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (Teleostei: Scombidae)." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 01 (January 2017): 023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.096915.

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Abstract Introduction: Structure, ultrastructural features and degeneration of oogenesis were first investigated in female Rastrelliger brachysoma as new candidate species for aquaculture by transmission electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Specimens were naturally collected during the breeding season from Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Results: The ultrastructure of female oogenesis was principally divided into five stages based on the nuclear characterization and cytoplasmic organelles; (i) oogonium; (ii) previtellogenic; (iii) lipid and cortical alveolar; (iv) early and (v) late vitellogenic stages. Initially, oogonium was present within cell nest in the epithelial compartment. Its cell was supported by prefollicular cells. The multiple nucleoli in previtellogenic stage, referring to primary growth stage were the first to appear and they were scattered around the peripheral of nuclear membrane with the increasing number of cytoplasmic organelles. Some microvilli of granulosa cell initially protruded into the vitelline envelope. A simple layer of flattened granulosa and theca cells was also observed. The lipid and cortical alveolar stage under secondary growth oocyte was accumulated with two inclusions; the lipid droplets and cortical alveoli in the ooplasm. Another characterization, the increasing of numerous microvilli was also detected in the vitelline envelope. Finally, in the vitellogenic stage, a massive uptake and processing of proteins into yolk platelets due to embedding of the numerous microvilli in the largest vitelline envelope was observed. Oocyte degeneration in R. brachysoma was novel found especially oogonial and previtellogenic stages. Conclusion: Five oogenic stages of this fish are found with the changing of the arrangement of nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles and follicular complex, which will be applied to further studies.

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Ninaroon, Panida, Suwita Pruksarporn, Ratirath Na Songkhla, Pawintana Charoenboon, and Kamonthip Kuntapeng. "Determining the entrepreneurial intention among businessmen of Samut Songkhram Province of Thailand." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.5201.

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The phenomenon of entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and organizational innovation has central importance in business performance, growth and organizational success in highly competitive business environment. The current research effort intended to determine the entrepreneurial intention, influenced by entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy with mediating role of organizational innovation. The results of the study reported that entrepreneurial orientation significantly influence the organizational innovation, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly influence the organizational innovation, however the insignificant relationship was reported between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention, and insignificant between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, interestingly and as argued by the study the organizational innovation fully mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. The future studies can be conducted to assess the other entrepreneurial perspective such as entrepreneurial passion in diverse business environment.

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Ninaroon, Panida, Suwita Pruksarporn, Ratirath Na Songkhla, Pawintana Charoenboon, and Kamonthip Kuntapeng. "Determining the entrepreneurial intention among businessmen of Samut Songkhram Province of Thailand." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 1313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.5201.

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The phenomenon of entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and organizational innovation has central importance in business performance, growth and organizational success in highly competitive business environment. The current research effort intended to determine the entrepreneurial intention, influenced by entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy with mediating role of organizational innovation. The results of the study reported that entrepreneurial orientation significantly influence the organizational innovation, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly influence the organizational innovation, however the insignificant relationship was reported between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention, and insignificant between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, interestingly and as argued by the study the organizational innovation fully mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. The future studies can be conducted to assess the other entrepreneurial perspective such as entrepreneurial passion in diverse business environment.

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"Osteoporosis Risk In Postmenopausal Women With Type Ii Diabetic Mellitus, Samut Songkhram, Thailand." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 13, no. 01 (July 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.801.

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Ninaroon, Panida, Cholpassorn Sitthiwarongchai, Pawintana Charoenboon, and Kriangphon Piyaekchai. "Product quality upgrading to create added value of loyalty with wisdom products in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.5203.

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Recently, product quality upgrading is essential for creating value added in the product and enhancing loyalty with wisdom products and needs researchers’ attention. Therefore, the current study examines the role of product quality upgrading characteristics such as perceived quality, perceived price and perceived satisfaction level on the loyalty with wisdom products in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The current study has taken the primary data from the wisdom products users using questionnaires and also applied SPSS-AMOS to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that product quality upgrading characteristics such as perceived quality, perceived price and perceived satisfaction level have a positive linkage with loyalty with wisdom products. The article guided the regulators while establishing regulations regarding loyalty with wisdom products using product quality upgrading.

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Ninaroon, Panida, Cholpassorn Sitthiwarongchai, Pawintana Charoenboon, and Kriangphon Piyaekchai. "Product quality upgrading to create added value of loyalty with wisdom products in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 1327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.5203.

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Recently, product quality upgrading is essential for creating value added in the product and enhancing loyalty with wisdom products and needs researchers’ attention. Therefore, the current study examines the role of product quality upgrading characteristics such as perceived quality, perceived price and perceived satisfaction level on the loyalty with wisdom products in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The current study has taken the primary data from the wisdom products users using questionnaires and also applied SPSS-AMOS to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that product quality upgrading characteristics such as perceived quality, perceived price and perceived satisfaction level have a positive linkage with loyalty with wisdom products. The article guided the regulators while establishing regulations regarding loyalty with wisdom products using product quality upgrading.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat. "THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER RISK ASSESSMENT IN SAMUT SONGKHRAM PROVINCE, THAILAND." International Journal of GEOMATE 12, no. 30 (February 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21660/2017.30.160601.

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Sitthiwarongchai, Cholpassorn, Chutikarn Sriviboon, Chumpon Rodjam, Panida Ninaroon, and Wutipong Janmuangthai. "Spatial innovations development to enhance the community's foundation economy by creating added value of products with cultural capital in Samut Songkhram Province." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.5207.

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Recently, spatial innovation is the necessary element that enhances value-added products and leads towards strengthening the community foundation economy. Hence, the current article investigates the impact of spatial innovation and cultural capital on the strong community foundation economy in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The current research also investigates the mediating impact of value-added products among the linkage of spatial innovation, cultural capital and strengthen community foundation economy. The current study has applied the questionnaires to collect the data from selected respondents. The present article has also applied the smart-PLS to check the validity and association among variables. The results revealed that spatial innovation and cultural capital have positive and significant linkage with strengthen community foundation economy. The results also indicated that value-added products significantly mediate among the linkage of spatial innovation cultural capital and strengthen community foundation economy. The article has guided the policymakers while developing regulators regarding strengthen community foundation economy using spatial innovation and cultural capital.

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Sitthiwarongchai, Cholpassorn, Chutikarn Sriviboon, Chumpon Rodjam, Panida Ninaroon, and Wutipong Janmuangthai. "Spatial innovations development to enhance the community's foundation economy by creating added value of products with cultural capital in Samut Songkhram Province." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 1355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.5207.

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Recently, spatial innovation is the necessary element that enhances value-added products and leads towards strengthening the community foundation economy. Hence, the current article investigates the impact of spatial innovation and cultural capital on the strong community foundation economy in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The current research also investigates the mediating impact of value-added products among the linkage of spatial innovation, cultural capital and strengthen community foundation economy. The current study has applied the questionnaires to collect the data from selected respondents. The present article has also applied the smart-PLS to check the validity and association among variables. The results revealed that spatial innovation and cultural capital have positive and significant linkage with strengthen community foundation economy. The results also indicated that value-added products significantly mediate among the linkage of spatial innovation cultural capital and strengthen community foundation economy. The article has guided the policymakers while developing regulators regarding strengthen community foundation economy using spatial innovation and cultural capital.

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41

"The relationship of bone mineral density (BMD), age and body mass index (BMI) among postmenopausal women, Samut Songkhram, Thailand." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 4 (January 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.662.

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Boonying, Jiraporn, Panida Ninaroon, and Ekgnarong Vorasiha. "Development of new tourist destination attractions for destination attachments through the moderating role of cultural capital of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.5191.

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The study objective was to check the development of new tourist destination attractions for destination attachments with the moderating role of cultural capital of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. For this purpose, the data was collected from 300 tourists by using convenient sampling technique. Using cross sectional research design and quantitative research approach. The Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results had shown that most of tourist destination attractiveness had positive and significant association with destination image except access and climate. In the same vein, the destination image also had a positive and significant association with destination attachment. The indirect effect also shown that cultural capital also had a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship of cultural capital and destination attachment. Along with these findings, this study moderating effect relationship could be considered a big contribution of the study. This study also had some practical implications that could help to tourism department to know about the importance of destination attractiveness to increase the destination attachment. The research also had some limitations at the end of the study.

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Boonying, Jiraporn, Panida Ninaroon, and Ekgnarong Vorasiha. "Development of new tourist destination attractions for destination attachments through the moderating role of cultural capital of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." International journal of health sciences, March 29, 2022, 1259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.5191.

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The study objective was to check the development of new tourist destination attractions for destination attachments with the moderating role of cultural capital of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. For this purpose, the data was collected from 300 tourists by using convenient sampling technique. Using cross sectional research design and quantitative research approach. The Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results had shown that most of tourist destination attractiveness had positive and significant association with destination image except access and climate. In the same vein, the destination image also had a positive and significant association with destination attachment. The indirect effect also shown that cultural capital also had a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship of cultural capital and destination attachment. Along with these findings, this study moderating effect relationship could be considered a big contribution of the study. This study also had some practical implications that could help to tourism department to know about the importance of destination attractiveness to increase the destination attachment. The research also had some limitations at the end of the study.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, Nattapon Juijayen, and Kitthisak Khlaeo Chansukh. "Wing Geometry Analysis of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae), a Dengue Vi-rus Vector, from Multiple Geographical Locations of Samut Songkhram, Thailand." Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, January 16, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jad.v12i4.353.

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Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a mosquito-borne disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in tropical and temperate countries. Studying wing morphometric of Aedes aegypti as a mosquito vector of DHF can help to better understand biological process of the mosquito adaptation to the environment. We aimed to study the geometric morphometric of Ae. aegypti from multiple geographical areas. Methods: Samples were collected from Samut Songkhram Province in Thailand, including coastal, residential and cultivated areas, by Ovitrap once per month during Oct to Nov 2016. Results: According to size variation analysis of Ae. aegypti, the female mosquito in a cultivated area was significantly different from those in the coastal and residential areas (P< 0.05). Whereas male Ae. aegypti in a cultivated area were significantly different from those in a residential area (P< 0.05). The shape variation of both female and male Ae. aegypti from all areas was statistically different (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Normally, living organisms, including mosquitoes, are adapted to their environment. The studied geographical locations affect Ae. aegypti morphology.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, Aegkapun Bumrungsuk, Chichanok Chitsawaeng, Kantima Sumchung, and Kitthisak Khlaeo Chansukh. "Effectiveness of Pleurotus eryngii (King Oyster Mushroom) Extract for Killing Larvae and Attracting Adult Mosquito Vectors in Samut Songkhram Province of Thailand." Biology and Medicine 10, no. 4 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/0974-8369.1000444.

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Adulcharoen, Wipapan, Kallaya Suntornvongsakul, and Yang-Soo Lee. "Assessment of Sustainable Utilization of Ecosystem Services in Different Stages of Mangrove Forest Restoration at Klong Khone Sub-district, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." Applied Environmental Research, March 6, 2020, 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35762/aer.2020.42.1.4.

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Understanding the function of the ecological restoration of mangrove forests leads to appropriate sustainable utilization (SU) of ecosystem services (ES) during development stages of mangrove ecosystem for sustaining the local livelihood and maintaining the mangrove ecological production. The study aims to identify the SU which was changed relying a development of ES at Klong Khone (KK) Sub-district, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. The SU was collected by in-depth interview with 20 key respondents, questionnaires survey with 140 fishermen and statistical scientific data on developed mangrove forest areas. Descriptive statistics and event analysis were employed to analyze the data. The study found that bottom-up management tools based on a local people’s participation were applied to determine a way of harvest of ES. An application of these local tools including a common property right, land use zoning, application of local knowledge, human resources, and financial and technological transfer resulted in different utilizing activities of ES during the development of mangrove forest restoration stages. The results showed that the ES produced during mangrove stand initiation stage were mainly harvested for food (90%) and during the young forest regrowth stage (87%) (N = 140). They were also widely used for operating aquaculture during mangrove stand initiation stage (39%), but they were harvested with more concerns about environmental impacts during the young forest regrowth stage (47%) (N = 140). The cultural services during young forest regrowth stage were increasingly utilized for diversified incomes from ecotourism (46%) and education learning program (50%) (N = 140). The ES from developed mangrove forest were harvested effectively based on an application of SU tools which were locally developed by local people’s participation. The SU tools can be proposed and applied in other communities where have similar ecological, social and cultural conditions as KK sub-district to support the SU of ES.

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"Perception of Risk, Severity of Disease and Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 in a New Epidemic Situation among People in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand." International Journal of Geoinformatics, October 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52939/ijg.v17i5.2017.

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The interesting scenario involving COVID-19's breakout in multiple nations is still serious in many areas of the world. This perceived risk can significantly increase compliance with COVID-19 prevention behaviors during the next pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore how people perceive COVID-19 risk, disease severity, and COVID-19 prevention in Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. A study examined the relationship between people's perceptions of risk, COVID-19 severity, and COVID-19 prevention activity. The COVID-19 issue was the subject of this cross-sectional investigation, using a Geographic Information System. A cross-sectional study on perception of COVID-19 risk, disease severity, and COVID-19 prevention. Explore the relationship between the people's perception of COVID-19 risk, disease severity, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency distribution methods, mean, standard deviation. Analytical statistics, such as correlation and multiple regression, were used to analyze the data. This study found that the female to male ratio is around 1:2. The age group with the most representation was 15-26 years old. The results showed that people's perception of COVID-19 risk had no relationship to COVID-19 preventive behaviors. People's perception of COVID-19 severity was shown to be significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors at 0.001. The multiple regression equation to estimate COVID-19 prevention behaviors in a new epidemic; P (the COVID-19 prevention) = 4.344 – 0.115 Female(X1) + 0.141 Farmer(X2) +0.356 Trading(X3) + 0.733 Traveled to an endemic area(X4) + 0.253 Age, 28-36 years(X5) – 0.546 Age, 37-46 years(X6) + 0.317 Age, 47-56 years(X7) + 0.151 Age, >56 years(X8) + 0.318 The perception of COVID-19 severity(X9) – 0.092 The perceptions of COVID-19 risk(X10). The results of this study will be used to establish an intervention model for encouraging and establishing effective COVID-19 preventive practices, as well as maintaining and continuing them.

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Chaiphongpachara, Tanawat, and Sedthapong Laojun. "Wing morphometric variability of the malaria vector Anopheles (Cellia) epiroticus Linton et Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae) for the duration of the rainy season in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram, Thailand." Folia Parasitologica 67 (April 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2020.007.

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