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Статті в журналах з теми "Groundwater replenishment"
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Xu, Congchao, Ying Sun, Bowen Shi, Xinjuan Wang, Rui Li, Mingxiao Li, Beidou Xi, and Chuanping Feng. "Study on the Processes Influencing and Importance of Ecological Water Replenishment for Groundwater Resources: A Case Study in Yongding River." Water 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050828.
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There has been notable depletion of groundwater resources globally in recent decades. Groundwater can be conserved by ecological water replenishment. An understanding of the factors influencing the effect of ecological water replenishment on groundwater recharge is of great significance for water resource management. This study used the improved water table fluctuation and water equilibrium method and Spearman correlation analysis in R to evaluate the effect of ecological water replenishment on groundwater recharge. Furthermore, the correlations between groundwater recharge and topography, hydrogeological conditions, and meteorological factors were analyzed. Groundwater storage in the plain area of the Yongding River (Beijing section) increased by 2.17 × 108 m3 in 2020, equating to an increase in the regional groundwater level of 73.6% (increase of 0.1–9.1 m, arithmetic mean of 2.3 m). The main sources of groundwater recharge are ecological water replenishment and precipitation. The ecological water replenishment first recharged the Ordovician limestone aquifer in the gorge area, following which karst water overflowed through the fault zone to resupply the Quaternary groundwater in the plain area, resulting in a lag in the groundwater recharge effect. Groundwater recharge was positively correlated with ground elevation and aquifer permeability and negatively correlated with the thickness of Quaternary strata and the distance between the recharge point and Yongdinghe fault zone. This study can help to better explain the effect and impact of ecological water replenishment on groundwater resource recharge and its implications for improving ecological water replenishment projects.
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Markus, Michael R. "The Groundwater Replenishment System." Journal - American Water Works Association 101, no. 2 (February 2009): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2009.tb09831.x.
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Zhang, Ruolin, Baoyun Zhang, Yuntong Guo, Xiangke Kong, Yasong Li, Yaci Liu, Lining Chen, and Qiuli Gong. "Replenishment Impacts on Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality in the Hutuo River Plain." Water 15, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15193326.
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To investigate the influence of the Hutuo River (North China) ecological water replenishment project on the hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater, 64 groundwater samples collected at different time intervals after four replenishment events, and four samples from the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water, were analyzed for water chemistry. Hydrogeochemical methods such as the Piper diagram, chloride-alkalinity index, and ion correlation were employed to analyze the characteristics of groundwater chemical evolution through replenishment. The results demonstrated that the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the study area underwent significant changes during continuous replenishment in the Hutuo River region. During the initial replenishment period (October 2019), the dominant hydrochemical type of groundwater in the study area was Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4, whereas the dominant type in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water was Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3. As the replenishment continued, the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the study area evolved into Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3-SO4, Na-Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4, and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. The groundwater experienced a dissolution of calcite, gypsum, nitratine, carbonate rocks, and gypsum, accompanied by dilution effects, resulting in reduced ion exchange as replenishment progressed. The input of the high quality Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project water effectively promoted groundwater quality improvement, leading to an overall decrease or stabilization of components other than Ca2+ in the groundwater. Water quality was assessed using the entropy water quality index, with indicators including Na+, SO42−, Cl−, pH, total dissolved solids, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, F−, Al, As, and Zn. The evaluation results showed that, except for one medium-quality water sample, the water quality of the other samples was suitable for drinking and domestic purposes during the early replenishment period. The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project exhibited excellent quality (Rank 1), and as replenishment progressed, all water samples demonstrated good quality by October 2020, with a gradual improvement.
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Hurynovich, Anatoly, and Valiantsin Ramanouski. "Artifisial replenishment of the deep aquifers." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500025.
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On the basis of the analysis, laboratory and pilot studies that have been conducted, schemes of artificial replenishment of deep aquifers are proposed. These schemes allow a groundwater recharge in order to water intake with generate electricity using the energy of the water flow and provide clear water, which serves to replenish underground water. Experimental section of this technological scheme was designed and built in the region of water intake in Brest (Belarus), on which were carried out hydrogeological surveys. Based on the above results, it was suggested to use the energy of the water flow in a water-inject well to convert it into electrical energy. A method for artificial groundwater recharge, which simultaneously allows groundwater recharge to the target groundwater without expending energy, generation of electricity using the power of the water flow and produces high quality water through the use of ozonation, which serves to replenish the groundwater was proposed. This is achieved through the use of hydraulic ram pump water-lifting devices, combined with electric generators, and a device for water purification such as an ozone generator. The proposed scheme and well design also allows the removal of iron and manganese from underground water and can be organized by two options, depending on the water source.
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REDDY, V. RATNA. "Costs of resource depletion externalities: a study of groundwater overexploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India." Environment and Development Economics 10, no. 4 (July 18, 2005): 533–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of the paper is to estimate the costs of groundwater over exploitation and examine the costs and benefits from groundwater replenishing mechanisms in different ecological contexts. Using the public good and externalities framework, the study shows how groundwater exploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India is resulting in economic losses to individual farmers apart from ecological degradation. It is argued that policies towards strengthening the resource base (replenishment mechanisms) and equitable distribution of the resource (property rights) would be beneficial, economically as well as ecologically.The analysis is in favour of investment in replenishment mechanisms such as irrigation tanks and percolation tanks. The situation of over extraction and the resultant environmental degradation is a consequence of lack of appropriate and adequate policies (policy failure) for managing the subsurface water resources. Hitherto, groundwater policies (subsidized credit, power, etc.) are in the nature of encouraging private initiatives in groundwater development. It is argued that community-based investments in replenishment as well as extraction of groundwater would make better economic as well as ecological sense.
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Huizer, Sebastian, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, and Marc F. P. Bierkens. "Fresh groundwater resources in a large sand replenishment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 8 (August 4, 2016): 3149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3149-2016.
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Abstract. The anticipation of sea-level rise and increases in extreme weather conditions has led to the initiation of an innovative coastal management project called the Sand Engine. In this pilot project a large volume of sand (21.5 million m3) – also called sand replenishment or nourishment – was placed on the Dutch coast. The intention is that the sand is redistributed by wind, current, and tide, reinforcing local coastal defence structures and leading to a unique, dynamic environment. In this study we investigated the potential effect of the long-term morphological evolution of the large sand replenishment and climate change on fresh groundwater resources. The potential effects on the local groundwater system were quantified with a calibrated three-dimensional (3-D) groundwater model, in which both variable-density groundwater flow and salt transport were simulated. Model simulations showed that the long-term morphological evolution of the Sand Engine results in a substantial growth of fresh groundwater resources, in all adopted climate change scenarios. Thus, the application of a local sand replenishment could provide coastal areas the opportunity to combine coastal protection with an increase of the local fresh groundwater availability.
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Liu, Kai, Jianxin Zhang, and Ming Wang. "Drivers of Groundwater Change in China and Future Projections." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 4825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194825.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Observations worldwide have shown that in recent decades, groundwater depletion intensified notably in many regions. Understanding the interacting drivers of groundwater change enables better human adaptations to climate change and socioeconomic development. Here we use a structural equation model to quantify the contribution of natural and human-induced processes on the groundwater of China by using terrestrial water storage observed by GRACE in combination with climate and socioecological related data at a provincial scale. The results reveal that the influence of climate on groundwater change through indirect impact on the agriculture water consumption is larger than that through direct replenishment. Socioeconomic development contributes in the same order of magnitude as the direct replenishment by climate variabilities to groundwater. In general, forest plays an important role in reserving groundwater at a provincial scale. Based on future climate projections and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, it is projected that most regions in China will experience a greater groundwater depletion in the future and the variance among regions will become larger.
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Sierikova, Olena, Elena Strelnikova, and Kyryl Degtyariov. "Underground Water Resources Management for Flooding Prevention." Modeling Control and Information Technologies, no. 6 (November 22, 2023): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31713/mcit.2023.063.
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Technogenic factors that affect urban area flooding development, forecasts of improving groundwater level changes, and comprehensive management of urban groundwater must be taken into account and controlled. A three-dimensional mathematical model of groundwater level changes in cities has been developed, which takes into account atmospheric water infiltration, additional groundwater replenishment, transpiration, evaporation, evapotranspiration, and groundwater intake.
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Heberer, Thomas, and Marc Adam. "Transport and Attenuation of Pharmaceutical Residues During Artificial Groundwater Replenishment." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04008.
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Environmental Context.The contamination of public water supplies by drug residues is an issue of importance for public health. While soil may act as a natural filter to remove some contaminants from groundwater, there is a lack of information on the fate and transport of pharmaceutical residues during groundwater recharge. In this study, the fate and the transport of eight drug residues during groundwater recharge of contaminated surface water which was investigated at an artificial groundwater replenishment plant in Berlin, Germany, as part of the international collaboration NASRI (Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration). The study shows that some of the contaminants would indeed end up in the water supply if the water only underwent normal groundwater recharge. Abstract.Recently, several new types of organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have been found in sewage or surface waters. Some of the polar pharmaceuticals have also been detected in samples of ground and drinking water, especially when water from induced recharge is used for drinking water production. The fate and the transport of eight drug residues during groundwater recharge (GWR) of contaminated surface water was investigated at an artificial groundwater replenishment plant in Berlin, Germany. After a recharge distance of only a few meters, bezafibrate, a blood lipid regulator, and indomethacin, an analgesic, were removed below their detection limits. Clofibric acid, a metabolite of blood lipid lowering agents, and the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone were also attenuated during GWR. However, they were still detectable in the receiving water supply wells at low concentration levels (≤ 40 ng L–1). The anti-epileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone and the drug metabolite AMDOPH (1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide) were not significantly affected by GWR occurring in the water supply wells at mean individual concentrations between 100 and 1570 ng L–1.
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Yerpude, Shruti. "Study and Design of Ground Water Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 930–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53673.
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Abstract: The technique of ground water recharge involves the process of enhancing the natural replenishment of groundwater by artificial means. This technique is often employed in areas where the groundwater level has depleted due to overexploitation or other factors such as climate change.
Дисертації з теми "Groundwater replenishment"
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Сєрікова, О. М. "Прогнозування і управління рівнем ґрунтових вод для підвищення екологічної безпеки забудованих територій України". Thesis, Харківський національний університет міського господарства ім. О.М. Бекетова, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація присвячена підвищенню рівня екологічної безпеки урбанізованих територій, що зазнають підтоплення ґрунтовими водами, за рахунок наукового обґрунтування методів та засобів прогнозування та управління підтопленням. Підтоплення територій не тільки негативно впливає на життєдіяльність населення, а і може привести до виникнення екологічних катастроф та значних матеріальних збитків.
Вперше розроблено крайові умови математичної моделі зміни рівня ґрунтових вод, що враховують вплив штучних покриттів поверхні ґрунту і евапотранспірацію для вдосконалення прогнозів та управління рівнем ґрунтових вод забудованих територій. Зроблений прогноз максимально високого рівня ґрунтових вод в умовах природно-техногенних геосистем великих міст на прикладі Харкова. Для підвищення рівня екологічної безпеки міст України, обґрунтовано заходи оптимізації водного балансу ґрунтових вод шляхом регулювання основних режимоутворюючих факторів: зменшення втрат з водних комунікацій; збільшення водовідбору з водоносних горизонтів, гідравлічно зв’язаних з ґрунтовими водами; штучного відтоку ґрунтових вод за рахунок дренажів, що створюються при новому будівництві. Науково обґрунтовано та експериментально встановлено період з найменшим проявом природних факторів для виявлення величини техногенного додаткового живлення ґрунтових вод. Запропоновано інженерний захід для захисту дорожнього полотна автодоріг від шкідливої дії ґрунтових вод, що передбачає встановлення протифільтраційної завіси вздовж автошляху. Удосконалено теоретико-методологічні підходи до управління рівнем ґрунтових вод, що включають типову схему функцій органів управління та завдань попередження і ліквідації наслідків підтоплення, алгоритм дій у ході моніторингу за рівнем ґрунтових вод на підтоплених і потенційно підтоплених територіях та Проект комплексу заходів з попередження розвитку підтоплення міської території великих міст України з урахуванням європейського досвіду.Диссертация посвящена повышению уровня экологической безопасности урбанизированных территорий, испытывающих подтопление грунтовыми водами, за счет научного обоснования методов и средств прогнозирования и управления подтоплением. Подтопление территорий не только негативно влияет на жизнедеятельность населения, но и может привести к возникновению экологических катастроф и значительному материальному ущербу. Впервые разработаны краевые условия математической модели изменения уровня грунтовых вод, учитывающие влияние искусственных покрытий поверхности почвы и эвапотранспирации для совершенствования прогнозов и управления уровнем грунтовых вод застроенных территорий. Сделан прогноз максимально высокого уровня грунтовых вод в условиях природно-техногенных геосистем крупных городов на примере Харькова. Для повышения уровня экологической безопасности городов Украины обоснованы мероприятия оптимизации водного баланса грунтовых вод путем регулирования основных режимообразующих факторов: уменьшение потерь из водных коммуникаций; увеличение водоотбора из водоносных горизонтов, гидравлически связанных с грунтовыми водами; искусственного оттока грунтовых вод за счет дренажей, создаваемых при новом строительстве. Научно обоснован и экспериментально установлен период с наименьшим проявлением природных факторов для выявления величины техногенного дополнительного питания грунтовых вод. Предложено инженерное мероприятие для защиты дорожного полотна от вредного воздействия грунтовых вод, предусматривающее установку противофильтрационных завес вдоль автодорог. Усовершенствованы теоретико-методологические подходы к управлению уровнем грунтовых вод, включающие типовую схему функций органов управления и задач предупреждения и ликвидации последствий подтопления, алгоритм действий в ходе мониторинга за уровнем грунтовых вод на подтопленных и потенциально подтапливаемых территориях и Проект комплекса мероприятий по предупреждению развития подтопления городской территории крупных городов Украины с учетом европейского опыта.
Thesis treats the environmental safety improving of urban territories flooded by groundwater through the scientific substantiation of methods and technics of flood forecasting and management. Flooding of the territories not only negatively affects the population vital activity. It also could lead to environmental disasters and significant material damage. For the first time, the boundary conditions of the groundwater level changing mathematical model have been developed. Mathematical model takes into account artificial coverings on the soil surface and groundwater discharge processes due to evapotranspiration to improve predictions and management of groundwater level on the built-up areas. The forecast of maximum groundwater level rise variant in natural and technogenic geosystems conditions of large cities has been developed on the Kharkiv city example. Measures to optimize the water balance of the groundwater by taking into account the technogenic factors affecting groundwater have been proposed. There are reducing losses from water communications; increase of water intake from aquifers hydraulically bound to groundwater; an artificial outflow of groundwater by the drainage expense created during the new building in the water balance optimization strategy. Scientifically has been grounded and experimentally established a period with the smallest natural factors manifestation for the value detection of technogenic additional groundwater replenishment. The engineering measure has been proposed for the roadbed protection from the groundwater harmful effects, which involves the installation of the anti-filtration curtain along the highway. The flood prevention system has been developed and specificated, includes typical scheme of the management functions and tasks for preventing and mitigating the flooding consequences, the actions algorithm during groundwater levels monitoring in flooded and potentially flooded areas, and the Project of measures set to prevent the flooding of urban areas in large cities of Ukraine on the basis of European experience.
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Lee, Pin-Chen, and 李品臻. "Groundwater analysis of vertically multi-layer soil stratification under the time-varying rainfall replenishment." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5080015%22.&searchmode=basic.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
107
In the early age, most water is extracted from groundwater in Taiwan. Owing to the vigorous development of agriculture and fishery, water use in agriculture and fishery has increased rapidly. A large amount of water use causes problems such as excessive pumping of groundwater, land subsidence, salt-water intrusion and soil salinization. Therefore, studying groundwater issues has become an important research topic. The steep slopes in Taiwan cause great changes in soil properties, and the soil properties vary with location. Therefore, this study considers the effects of different vertical soil layers on the groundwater level. In this study, groundwater level changes in areas with variable soil properties. Soil properties are one of the important factors affecting groundwater transport, including hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. By referring to the previous studies about Boussinesq’s equation, and using the separation variable method, the analytical solution of the groundwater level is presented. The present solution is verified with the previous analytical solution, and the numerical solution of Modflow (7.1.10 version), and the results agree very well. An example of an aquifer under Pingtung Plain as the study area, the analytical solution of groundwater flow under the influence of the rainfall of typhoon Nisha in 2017, and the soil property parameters is presented, the results are also compared with the data of observation wells. In addition, under the vertical stratification of the soil layer, say gravel, sand and clay, the relationship of groundwater changes is discussed. Finally, under six types of rainfall, the groundwater changes are simulated to explore their effects on groundwater level and flow.
Книги з теми "Groundwater replenishment"
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District, Water Replenishment, Michael Gagan, and Robert Katherman. Protecting Our Groundwater: A History of the Water Replenishment District. Water Replenishment District, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Groundwater replenishment"
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Heinzmann, Bernd. "Chemical Treatment of Surface Water for Groundwater Replenishment in Jungfernheide, Berlin." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V, 387–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_31.
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Desai, Sejal. "Artificial Replenishment of Ground Water by Rain Water Harvesting: A Case Study." In Groundwater Resources Development and Planning in the Semi-Arid Region, 435–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68124-1_22.
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Mukherjee, Abhijit, and Soumendra Nath Bhanja. "An Untold Story of Groundwater Replenishment in India: Impact of Long-Term Policy Interventions." In Springer Water, 205–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2700-1_11.
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"(groundwater) replenishment." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 646. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_72724.
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"groundwater replenishment [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 414. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_5741.
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"Water and Land Pollution." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0016.
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Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface. Only 3% of this is freshwater, which is indispensable in sustaining plant and animal life. The amount of freshwater is maintained constant by the hydrological cycle. This cycle involves evaporation from oceans and inland waters, transpiration from plants, precipitation, infiltration into the soil, and runoff of surface water into lakes and rivers. The infiltrated water is used for plant growth and recharges groundwater reserves. Although the global supply of available freshwater is sufficient to maintain life, the worldwide distribution of freshwater is not even. In some areas the supply is limited because of climatic conditions or cannot meet the demands of high population density. In other places, although there is no shortage of freshwater, the water supply is contaminated with industrial chemicals and is thus unfit for human use. Moreover, fish and other aquatic species living in chemically contaminated water become unfit for human consumption. Thus, water pollution deprives us and other species of two essential ingredients for survival: water and food. An example of hydrologic changes caused by urbanization is given in Figure 11.1. Conditions before and after urbanization were measured in Ontario, Canada, by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1). In the urban setting, pervious areas are replaced with impervious ones (such as streets, parking lots, and shopping centers). Groundwater replenishment is greatly reduced and runoff is considerably increased by these changes. Thus, urbanization not only contributes to water pollution; it also increases the possibility of floods. Nitrogen is an important element for sustenance of life. However, in order to be incorporated into living matter it has to be converted into an assimilative form—an oxide or ammonia. Until the beginning of the twentieth century most of the atmospheric nitrogen was converted into assimilative form by soil microorganisms and by lightning. Nitrogen compounds which were not utilized by living matter did not accumulate because the denitrifying bacteria decomposed them to elemental nitrogen which was then released back into the atmosphere. In this way the nitrogen cycle was completed.
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Davis, Juliet. "Care in and through Urban Design." In The Caring City, 22–35. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201215.003.0003.
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Urban design has often been depicted by urban scholars as the antithesis of care as characterized in Chapter 1. Though urban forms and places are hugely varied, they have often been depicted as poorly attuned to the needs and capabilities of inhabitants. Such criticism can be detected, for example, in literature linking urban form to health outcomes, such as the extensive research exploring the relationship between urban sprawl and socio-medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease (see, for example, Frumkin, 2002). It can be found in studies of the atmospheric qualities of urban form such as noise from streets, poor air quality and light pollution that have been connected to issues of physical health but also identified as stressors affecting mental health and wellbeing (see, for example, Tuan, 1974; Park and Evans, 2016). It can be found in the growing literature connecting urban design with the availability of such vital resources as water, including research on the impacts of public space design on the depletion or replenishment of the groundwater aquifers that healthy and resilient ecosystems depend on (for example, Lerner, 1990; Pickett et al, 2013). It can also be seen in critical assessments of the generic nature of much urban form and building leading to a sense of placelessness and social exclusions of diverse kinds. Generic design has often been seen to reflect universalizing conceptions and/or imaginary norms of human behaviour, anatomy and ability, and as ‘disabling’ (Hall and Imrie, 1999) to those who fail to adhere to them, who may include people with specific health conditions, mobility issues, learning difficulties or sensory impairments (see, for example, Burton and Mitchell, 2006).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Groundwater replenishment"
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Prommer, Henning, Jing Sun, David Schafer, Simone Seibert, Adam Siade, James Jamieson, and Simon Higginson. "Large-Scale Geochemical Impacts of Groundwater Replenishment with Reclaimed Wastewater." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2123.
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Markus, Michael R., and Shivaji S. Deshmukh. "An Innovative Approach to Water Supply—The Groundwater Replenishment System." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)369.
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Guo, Fengqing, Yuntao Guan, and Tanaka Hiroaki. "Groundwater Replenishment Analysis of Rainfall Collected via an Ecological Detention Facility." In International Low Impact Development Conference China 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481042.021.
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Xiaoxu Sun and Jiansheng Chen. "Study on the groundwater replenishment in Badain Jaran Desert and it's around area." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965537.
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Eglite, Irina, Kaspars Krauklis, and Inta Lace. "MODELLING OF THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME OF THE TEICHI NATURE RESERVE." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.16.
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Teichi bog is largest intact moss bog in the Baltics states. The article considers the hydrological exchange process of the bog and surrounding areas. It plays an important role in the ecosystem, as well as a factor in stabilizing the water level, as bog peat in its natural state contains 88%-97% water. It belongs to raised bogs, since its upper layer is located above the surrounding relief. Replenishment of water resources in the Teichi Nature Reserve occurs mainly due to precipitation. In turn, the bog with surface runoff and groundwater flow returns excess moisture, thus feeding nearby streams. The reserve area and surroundings modeled in the Groundwater Vistas environment over a 35 km ? 40 km area, with a plane approximation step of 20 m. The hydrogeological model contains seven layers, 24.5 million nodes. The model includes several rivers, lakes and a wide network of drainage ditches, both embedded in the relief and attached as boundary conditions. A novelty is the assignment of different filtration coefficients to the bog. The process of water movement studied by calculating water balances, as well as by performing particle tracing simulations. Result of the research - it was found that there is an intensive interaction of the bog with nearby watercourses. The protection zone of the bog was determined using the results of tracer simulation - movement time and trajectory over a period of 25 years.
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Matovu, Stewart, Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud, and Talal Al Shafloot. "High-Performance Lightweight Cements: A Review." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0946.
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ABSTRACT: The pursuit of high-performance lightweight formulations in well cementing plays a crucial role in the oil and gas sector. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the development and practical application of lightweight cement formulations, focusing on their essential attributes and impact on the industry. Through research findings and real-world case studies, the paper investigates the formulation process, material selection, and application techniques. It highlights the promising advantages of lightweight cement formulations, emphasizing their effectiveness in reducing hydrostatic pressure and stabilizing wellbores during cementing operations. Additionally, the study underscores their role in enhancing drilling efficiency by mitigating wellbore instability and maintaining zonal isolation. The paper's observations reveal the utility of lightweight cement in addressing lost circulation issues, contributing to efficient drilling and reduced operational downtime. By effectively sealing lost circulation zones, these formulations improve overall well integrity and safety. This paper represents the first comprehensive exploration of high-performance lightweight cement formulations and their practical application in the oil and gas sector. It combines detailed insights into the formulation process with real-world case studies, offering a holistic perspective on this emerging technology and its adaptability in various industrial contexts. Overall, lightweight cement formulations hold significant promise for improving the safety, efficiency, and integrity of oil well operations. 1. INTRODUCTION Oil well cementing is a crucial process in drilling operations, cement placement in the annulus between the wellbore and casing (Ikinya Ng ‘ang ‘a, 2014). It secures the casing, isolates subsurface formations, and prevents fluid migration (Lavrov & Torsaeter, 2016). Proper cementing is essential for maintaining well structural integrity, protecting groundwater resources, and ensuring efficient hydrocarbon extraction. (R. J. Davies et al., 2014). Circulation losses are common in oil and gas drilling and cementing, causing prolonged drilling and requiring fluid replenishment, lost circulation treatments, remedial cementing, and even well abandonment (Lavrov, 2017). Lost circulation frequently requires more casing strings or multi-stage cementing, which raises costs (Turki & Mackay, 1983). Lightweight cement slurries are commonly used nowadays to reduce circulation loss (Anya, 2018). These slurries have a lower density compared to conventional cement which reduces the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the formation, (Smith et al., 1980). This lower pressure minimizes the risk of fracturing the formation and losing circulation fluid into it, (Labenski et al., 2003). Using lightweight slurries maintains the integrity of the surrounding geological structures, preventing fluid loss and ensuring more efficient and safer drilling operations (Sweatman et al., 1999). Short-waiting cement slurries gel quickly, minimizing fluid loss in high-permeability zones. Thixotropic cements solidify rapidly in large void spaces, preventing cement from flowing into wellbores. This helps maintain well integrity and control fluid migration during cementing operations. Researchers have improved conventional and unconventional lightweight cement to reduce wellbore losses caused by a weak formation fracture gradient over the past 40 years, (Larki et al., 2019; Smith et al., 1980). These lightweight cement systems include the use of water-expanded lightweight particles and foamed lightweight cements, (Marriott et al., 2005). Foamed cements absorb gas, usually nitrogen, to create a gas-liquid mixture that is lightweight and has a very low specific gravity while maintaining the desired mechanical properties.