Дисертації з теми "Groundwater contamination by nitrate"
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Uhlman, Kristine, and Janick Artiola. "Nitrate Contamination Potential in Arizona Groundwater: Implications for Drinking Water Wells." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/156932.
Повний текст джерелаThis fact sheet is to be taken from research conducted by Uhlman and Rahman and published on the WRRC web site as: "Predicting Ground Water Vulnerability to Nitrate in Arizona". Funded by TRIF and peer reviewed by ADEQ. It also follows on "Arizona Well Owner's Guide to Water Supply" and also "Arizona Drinking Water Well Contaminants" (part 1 already submitted, part 2 in process).
Arizona's arid environment and aquifer types allow for the persistence of nitrate contamination in ground water. Agricultural practices and the prevalence of septic systems contributes to this water quality concern, resulting in nitrate exceeding the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in several locations across the state. Working with known nitrate concentrations in 6,800 wells across the state, this fact sheet presents maps showing the probability of nitrate contamination of ground water exceeding the MCL. The importance of monitoring your domestic water supply well for nitrate is emphasized.
Mitchell-Parsotan, Margaret Ann. "Investigation of molecular markers to identify sources of nitrate contamination in groundwater." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7572.
Повний текст джерелаMaeda, Morihiro. "A study on prevention of groundwater contamination by nitrate in arable land." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123454.
Повний текст джерелаPerry, Jake Mendoza. "Evaluating Alternative Hydraulic Solutions to Limit Nutrient Contamination of an Aquifer in Southern California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/718.
Повний текст джерелаHalstead, John Michael. "Managing ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54787.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Arnold, David Frederick. "Environmental Justice in Virginia’ s Rural Drinking Water: Analysis of Nitrate Concentrations and Bacteria Prevalence in the Household Wells of Augusta and Louisa County Residents." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33759.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Leenhouts, James Merrell, R. L. Basset, and Thomas III Maddock. "APPLICATION OF BORON ISOTOPE RATIOS FOR IDENTIFYING NITRATE CONTAMINATION SOURCES IN THE GROUNDWATER OF AVRA VALLEY, ARIZONA." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617638.
Повний текст джерелаLeenhouts, James M. (James Merrell) 1968. "Application of boron isotope ratios for identifying nitrate contamination sources in the groundwater of Avra Valley, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192087.
Повний текст джерелаFlores, Aviles Gabriela Patricia. "A groundwater basin multidisciplinary approach to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources. Lake Titicaca, Bolivia." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU019.
Повний текст джерелаWater quality degradation, climate variability and population growth are among the factors that constrains water availability in the semi-arid Katari and Lago Menor region (6,350 Km^2), leading to an increasingly exploitation of groundwater resources. This thesis aims to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources in the groundwater system within the Katari and Lago Menor Region.A multidisciplinary approach for field investigation was used in this study, including a regional groundwater source inventory and groundwater level measurements, geophysical investigation techniques (e.g. TDEM-Time Domain ElectroMagnetic soundings), piezometer construction and installation, and a regional sampling campaign and analysis for major ion chemistry and dual isotopes of 15N-NO3 and 18O-NO3.The results allowed identifying the limits of two different geological settings (Piedmont subsystem and Lacustrine plain), the geometry of the Quaternary porous geologic media and the bottom boundaries of the aquifer.The groundwater flow regime corresponds to a classical gravity-driven regional flow system. Six subdomains possessing different hydraulic properties were identified. A large portion of the aquifer presents an unconfined behaviour, particularly on the Piedmont, whereas it remains confined in the plain areas. The thickness of the unconfined portion varies from 50 to 150 meters. Values of hydraulic conductivity for the unconfined portion range from 1.1E-04 to 5.9E-08 m/sec, specific yield ranges from 0.16 to 0.20 and recharge values range from 118 to 382 mm/year. While for the confined part the transmissivity values range around 6.0E-06 m^2/sec with a storavity value of 1.2E-02 to 6.0E-03.In the high Piedmont areas where the hydraulic heads are high, the low mineralization and the chemical and isotopic compositions showed that the groundwater source is of good quality. In contrast, in the lower sector of the Piedmont, the shallower water tables of the alluvial-fluvioglacial-lacustrine sequence, make this area more vulnerable to contamination. Chemical facies and the isotopic composition of the dissolved NO3 revealed that the main origin of this anion is related to nitrogen fertilizers towards the NW of the Piedmont and human/animal waste towards the SE. Moreover, natural nitrate attenuation processes occur mainly in the lower sector of the Piedmont, when groundwater mixes with the reservoir of lacustrine origin. Groundwater flowing in the plain areas, present primarily Na(K)-Cl facies relating the presence of evaporites. In this area groundwater is prone to contamination, especially when the clay layer is absent and in places where a connection to the Piedmont is evidenced (subterranean channels). The contribution of groundwater to the current Lake Titicaca (Cohana Bay) appears to be retarded due to the presence of the clay layer.This basin-scale conceptual groundwater flow model provides a good understanding of the aquifer functioning, and a guide to future data collection, in order to improve the robustness of future groundwater flow numerical modeling. All the science-based information generated from this research was arranged into a GIS spatial database to support decision makers in the management and protection of groundwater resources. This science-based information also contributes to the environmental remediation of Lake Titicaca, a national priority for the Plurinational State of Bolivia
Trevis, Isaac Andrew. "Assessing and Tracking Nitrate Contamination from a Point Source and the Effects on the Groundwater Systems in Mid Canterbury, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7603.
Повний текст джерелаAquino, Deodato do Nascimento. "Irrigation and sustainability of soil and water resources in the area irrigation district of baixo Acarau-Dibau-CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5235.
Повний текст джерелаIrrigation is an essential input that has enhanced, substantially, food production and has improved economic development in arid regions. Irrigation, also, has generated negative impacts to the environment and to human health. The aim of this work was to quantify and qualify the irrigation impacts and of the climatic seasonality over soil and water resource in Irrigated District of Baixo AcaraÃ, CearÃ, Brazil. Ten points spread out over the studied area were selected as monitoring stations. Two of them were sited in irrigated fields. Samples were collected monthly from Dezember/2003 to November/2005, November/2006, March and May/2007. The samples were analyzed for: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 -, PO4 -2, Cl-, NH4 +, NO3 -, SO4 -2 and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). Soil samples were collected in two different types of land use: irrigated field and uncultivated area field. Soils samples were taken for each 50 cm until water table (7 m) was reached, during wet and irrigation seasons. Multivariate statistical method, cluster analysis, was applied to classify the shallow wells inte similar groups in relation to water quality. To identify spacial variability of Na+, Cl-, CE, PO4 -2 e NO3 - in the water table it was used a GIS platform and the software: Global Mapper 5.0, ArcGis 9.1. The geostatistic process was performed using the Surfer 7.0. According to the results the highest values of changeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ e K+), Cl-, SAR AND NO3 - were presented in the water of P1 (sample station 1). These values were over the acceptable limit of Class 1 defined by CONAMA (Resolution 357/05). The analyzed variables showed a high spacial variability and a low temporal variability. The used soil management in the irrigated field, where shallow wells (P3 and P4) were sited, is not contributing to the contamination or water table by salts, yet. Also, the results show have that irrigation caused the groundwater concentration of NO3âN to increase from 1.52 to 19.3 mg L-1, thereby, exceeding the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO).
A irrigaÃÃo se constitui em um importante fator que contribui para a seguranÃa alimentar e possibilita o desenvolvimento econÃmico de muitas regiÃes, principalmente Ãridas e semi-Ãridas. Entretanto, se nÃo manejar adequadamente poderà vir a acarretar danos irreversÃveis ao meio ambiente com potenciais riscos à saÃde humana. Este trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar e qualificar o efeito da irrigaÃÃo e da sazonalidade climÃtica nos recursos solo e Ãgua do Distrito Irrigado do Baixo Acaraà â DIBAU, CearÃ. Foram selecionados 10 poÃos rasos como estaÃÃes de coletas de Ãgua, dos quais 2 (dois) estÃo inseridos no perÃmetro de irrigaÃÃo. As coletas de Ãgua foram realizadas mensalmente de dezembro de 2003 a novembro de 2005, novembro de 2006, marÃo e maio de 2007. As anÃlises quÃmicas foram realizadas no LaboratÃrio de Solo e Ãgua da EMBRAPA AgroindÃstria Tropical. Foram analisados: pH, CEa, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 -, PPO4 -, Cl -, NH4 +, NO3 -, SO4 -2 e RAS. As coletas de solo foram efetuadas em 2 pontos amostrais inseridos nas imediaÃÃes de dois dos 10 poÃos estudados, ambas coletadas no perÃodo seco e chuvoso, a cada 50 cm de profundidade da superfÃcie atà a zona de saturaÃÃo do lenÃol freÃtico. Para se classificar os poÃos em grupos de categorias semelhantes quanto à qualidade da Ãgua empregou-se a tÃcnica de estatÃstica multivariada, analise de agrupamento, empregando-se o pacote estatÃstico SPSS 13.0. Empregou-se tambÃm a plataforma SIG e os softwares: Global Mapper 5.0, ArcGis 9.1 e o Surfer 7.0 no processamento da geoestatÃstica para determinaÃÃo da variabilidade espacial do Na+, Cl-, CE, P-PO4 - e NO3 - na Ãgua do lenÃol freÃtico; como tambÃm para determinaÃÃo da direÃÃo da linha de fluxo do lenÃol freÃtico. Pelos resultados obtidos,verifica-se que as Ãguas do P1(Alparcatas) destacam-se por apresentar os valores mais elevados das bases trocÃveis (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ e K+), Cl-, RAS e NO3-, concentraÃÃes sempre acima dos limites mÃximos aceitÃveis para Classe 1 da ResoluÃÃo 357/05 do CONAMA. Ocorreu uma grande variabilidade espacial entre os poÃos estudados para as variÃveis analisadas, ademais nÃo se observou variabilidade temporal. O manejo praticado nos solos onde estÃo inseridos os poÃos P4 e P5, perÃmetro irrigado, por ainda nÃo estarem contribuindo com a contaminaÃÃo de sais na Ãgua do lenÃol freÃtico do DIBAU. Jà se percebe um aumento preocupante dos teores de nitrato nas Ãguas dos poÃos influenciados pela agricultura irrigada (P4 e P5), excedendo significativamente aos limites mÃximos aceitÃveis pela ResoluÃÃo 357/05 e pela Portaria 518/2004 para consumo humano.
Miao, Ziheng. "Application of Stable Isotopes and Geochemical Analysis to Characterize Sulfate, Nitrate, and Trace Element Contamination of Groundwater and Its Remediation at a Former Uranium Mining Site." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293389.
Повний текст джерелаHugosson, Hanna, and Katja Larnholt. "Water quality and sanitation in rural Moldova." Thesis, Uppsala University, LUVAL, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121003.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of the impact on human health and sustainable livelihood, the topic of drinking water and sanitation facilities is becoming a seriously discussed issue among international organizations as well as developing agencies in industrialized countries. The importance of water and sanitation management initialized this master thesis.
The aim of the project is to do an assessment of the drinking water quality as well as the sanitation situation in the village Condrita in the Republic of Moldova. This was done by studying the existing water and sanitation facilities, sampling the water, evaluating the reason for the poor water quality and mapping the current situation using ArcGIS. Furthermore, technologies for improving the drinking water and sanitation facilities are suggested.
The work was carried out by doing a literature study on how water sources and sanitation facilities should be constructed in order to ensure people’s health and to meet their needs. Geographic coordinates and water samples were collected from twenty-two public wells and springs. Interviews on the water situation and sanitation facilities were performed. Furthermore, water samples were analysed with respect to nitrate, turbidity, electrical conductivity and coliform bacteria amongst others. Pesticide contamination was also taken into consideration when one of the wells was analysed. Water sources were classified as improved or unimproved according to definitions by WHOSIS. Moreover, the DRASTIC vulnerability model was used to evaluate the groundwater susceptibility to contaminants.
In general, the water quality in the study area was poor and measured values of the analyzed parameters exceeded international or Moldovan standards for nitrate, hardness, electrical conductivity and total coliform bacteria. Four wells were contaminated with E. coli bacteria. Furthermore, turbidity measurements exceeded Moldovan standards in seven out of twenty-two water sources. No pesticide contamination was detected. Sampled water from the densely populated parts of the village as well as unimproved water sources proved to be of poorer quality. Map results showed that a majority of the groundwater within the study area was subject to a moderate or high risk of becoming contaminated. The current sanitation situation is that most families use simple pit latrines, which are placed far away from the dwelling-houses. Digging a new toilet when the existing one is full is a common practice in Condrita. Hand-washing facilities are seldom placed in proximity to the toilets.
Pit latrines are believed to be the most important source of groundwater contamination in the study area. Other sources are agricultural activities and poor practice when abstracting water from the wells. A feasible solution to improve both the drinking water quality and the sanitation situation would be to install ecosan toilets. Improvements of the well’s features that are suggested include construction of an apron slab as well as proper lids for covering the well.
Gomes, Rodrigo Dutra. "Aspectos da contaminação do aquifero livre do Municipio de Pereira Barreto/SP." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287175.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Procurou-se detectar alguns aspectos ligados à possibilidade de contaminação do aqüífero livre do município de Pereira Barreto. Com a implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Irmãos, ocorreu uma elevação generalizada do aqüífero livre, da região, suscetibilizando-o a receber influências negativas da superfície. Foram realizadas análises de nitrato (N-NO3) em amostras colhidas nos poços de monitoramento distribuídos na área urbana deste município. Foram realizados Mapeamento da Vulnerabilidade e de Riscos no entorno da área urbana, aplicando a metodologia GOD e utilizados os preceitos teóricometodológicos adotados em abordagem sistêmica, considerando homem-natureza de uma forma integrada. Observou-se que as diferenciações nas concentrações de nitrato estão ligadas ao uso e ocupação superficial. Na maioria dos poços que apresentam concentrações acima dos padrões aceitáveis pela Portaria 518 do Ministério da Saúde, estas estão vinculadas às cargas de nitrogênio impostas pelo cemitério municipal. No mapeamento da vulnerabilidade foram encontradas, em sua maioria, classes de moderada a alta vulnerabilidade, estas últimas localizadas ao redor dos cursos d'águas, associadas às baixas profundidades do freático. A delimitação das áreas de maiores riscos à contaminação, indicadas no mapa, também aponta para uma associação com a forma de uso e ocupação superficial. Assim, as áreas detentoras de cultivo agrícola, em que se empregam consideráveis cargas de fertilizantes nitrogenados ou pesticidas, compostos por substâncias danosas persistentes e móveis, foram classificadas como de alto risco. Dessa maneira, os problemas ambientais encontrados não representam mais do que uma forma sob a qual a problemática social se expressa. Empreendimentos como Usinas Hidroelétricas podem alterar a vulnerabilidade das águas subterrâneas, deixando-as mais susceptíveis a receberem contaminações da superfície. Além disso, observa-se que as mais significativas fontes de contaminação estão diretamente associadas tanto ao processo produtivo (cultivos), quanto aos problemas de infra-estrutura urbana (lixões, fossas sépticas etc)
Abstract: This work aims to detect some aspects related to the probable contamination of the unconfined groundwater located in Pereira Barreto city. The up rising of the unconfined groundwater, due to the construction of the Hidreletric dams of Três Irmãos in this area, which contributed to the of contamination susceptibility from surface. To detect possible contamination, N-NO3 analysis in water, colected from monitoring wells located along urban areas, was carried out. Vulnerability and Risc maps were made using methods GOD. The theoretical-methodological roles used by systemic approaching were used, considering man and nature as integrated form. As results, was observed that the differentiations in the nitrate concentrations is due to the surface use and occupation. Most of the weels that shown nitrate concentration up to the limit, proposed by Health Department (Decree 518), was due to the nitrogen charges from municipal cemetery. As vulnerability results, was observed medium and high levels, mainly near and around water flows, associated to unconfined groundwater low depth in this location. High vulnerability risc area delimitation (showed in risc maps) is also related to area use and occupation. Thus, areas with agriculture activities, that use considerable loads of nitrate fertilizers and pesticides with toxic and mobile compounds, was classified as high risc areas. The environmental problems founded in the area, represents a minor part of the social problem expressed in the study location. Thus, construction and activities like hydroelectric power plants can modify the vulnerability of groundwaters, leaving them susceptible to receive contamination from surface. In second hand, was observed that the most significant contamination sources are from agricutural activities and urban infrastructure like landfills and domestic sewage
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
Timms, Wendy Amanda Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The importance of aquitard windows in the development of alluvial groundwater systems : Lower Murrumbidgee, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18671.
Повний текст джерелаShinde, Prapti. "Estimation of Number of People Living in Developing Countries that Received Water from a Spring Source." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7940.
Повний текст джерелаCasagrande, Lucas Antonio Ribas. "Ocorrência de nitrato em águas subterrâneas na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos Tietê-Jacaré." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4321.
Повний текст джерелаFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Agricultural practices present themselves as potentially polluting to groundwater. The recharge areas, where the aquifers tend to be more vulnerable, are under important agricultural areas, and there are not many researches that evaluate the impact of agricultural activity on groundwater quality. The occurrence of high nitrate concentrations, as an effect of the intensive use of fertilizers and nitrogen-rich agricultural products, along with the disposal of agro-industrial residues on the ground, such as nitrogen-rich vinasse, are some of the biggest concerns due to agricultural activity. Considering the existence of extensive areas of sugar cane production, as well as the need for preserving the recharge areas occurring at the Water Resources Management Unit nº 13 (Tietê-Jacaré), this research has as its main goal the accomplishment of a survey and systematization, from water quality existing data, of nitrate occurrence in Serra Geral, Bauru and Guarani Aquifer Systems groundwater, at the Tietê- Jacaré hydrographic basin. Thus, the existing data from groundwater quality monitoring performed by the São Paulo State Environmental Agency were consolidated, for the nitrate parameter, and, moreover, there had been analyzed results from groundwater analyses, for the Nitrate parameter, of a total of 151 private deep wells located in agricultural areas at the Tietê-Jacaré basin, registered at the São Paulo State Water Department. The integrated data, grouped for each Aquifer, has been submitted to basic statistics analysis, calculating its averages, medium, maximum and minimums. The medium ones were used as a reference, for comparison to the orientating values of quality reference, prevention and intervention. Of general form, from the results of the existing analyses, it is observed that the Nitrate concentrations are low, finding higher values in wells that take water from Bauru and Serra Geral Aquifers. None of the raised concentrations were above the national drinking water standard, however, the occurrence of nitrate concentrations above the prevention value deserves attention, indicating alteration on natural balance, mainly for human influence. The wells and their nitrate concentrations were located on a Tietê-Jacaré land use map, through which the ones located in sugar cane areas were identified. The nitrate data for those wells on sugar cane production areas were submitted, separately, to another basic statistics analysis, calculating the averages, medium, maximum and minimum, for comparison with the other wells located in areas with different land use types. On average, the concentrations of the wells in sugar cane area are higher than the concentrations for other wells, especially for the Bauru and Guarani Aquifers. In general, there are increasing concentrations throughout time, indicating the need for continuous monitoring for the nitrate parameter, beyond the establishment of preventive actions to avoid nitrate pollution.
As práticas agrícolas apresentam-se como potencialmente poluidoras às águas subterrâneas. As áreas de recarga, onde os aqüíferos tendem a ser mais vulneráveis, coincidem com importantes áreas agrícolas, e ainda são escassos os trabalhos que avaliam o impacto da atividade agrícola sobre a qualidade das águas subterrâneas. A ocorrência de altas concentrações de nitrato, como efeito da aplicação intensiva e prolongada em extensas áreas de fertilizantes e insumos agrícolas nitrogenados, além da prática da disposição de resíduos agro-industriais no solo, principalmente a vinhaça, rica em nitrogênio, são umas das maiores preocupações devido à atividade agrícola. Considerando a existência de extensas áreas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar, bem como a necessidade de preservação de áreas de recarga ocorrentes na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos nº 13 (Tietê-Jacaré), a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo principal a realização de um levantamento e sistematização da ocorrência de nitrato nas águas subterrâneas dos Sistemas Aqüíferos Serra Geral, Bauru e Guarani, a partir de dados existentes de qualidade da água, na bacia hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré. Foram consolidados os dados existentes, quanto ao parâmetro nitrato, do monitoramento da qualidade das águas subterrâneas realizado pela CETESB na bacia e, além disso, fez-se um levantamento da ocorrência de nitrato em águas de poços profundos localizados em áreas rurais da mesma. Assim, foram estudados resultados de análises de água subterrânea, quanto ao parâmetro Nitrato, de um conjunto total de 151 poços particulares localizados em áreas rurais da bacia do Tietê-Jacaré, cadastrados junto ao DAEE. Os dados integrados, agrupados por aqüífero, foram submetidos à análise estatística básica, calculando-se as suas médias, medianas, máximos e mínimos. As medianas foram utilizadas como referência, para comparação com os valores orientadores de referência de qualidade, prevenção e intervenção. De forma geral, a partir dos resultados das análises existentes, observa-se que as concentrações de Nitrogênio-Nitrato são baixas, encontrando-se valores mais elevados em poços que exploram os Aqüíferos Bauru e Serra Geral. Nenhuma das concentrações levantadas foi superior ao padrão de potabilidade, no entanto, merecem atenção as concentrações de nitrato que estão acima do valor de prevenção, indicando alteração do equilíbrio natural, principalmente por influência antrópica. Através das Coordenadas UTM dos poços e suas respectivas concentrações de Nitrato levantadas junto ao DAEE, os mesmos foram locados em um mapa georreferenciado de uso do solo da bacia do Tietê-Jacaré, através do qual foram identificados aqueles que se localizam em áreas de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. Os dados integrados dos poços em área de cultivo agrícola de cana-de-açúcar foram submetidos, em separado, a nova análise estatística básica, calculando-se as médias, medianas, máximos e mínimos, para efeito de comparação com os demais poços localizados em áreas com diferentes classes de uso do solo. Em média, as concentrações dos poços em área de cana são superiores às encontradas para as concentrações dos demais poços, tanto para o Aqüífero Guarani, como para o Aqüífero Bauru. De uma forma geral, observa-se a existência de uma tendência de aumento das concentrações ao longo do tempo, indicando a necessidade de continuidade do monitoramento do referido parâmetro, além do estabelecimento de ações de prevenção à poluição por nitrato.
Brugaletta, Luana. "Monitoraggio dei processi di inquinamento delle acque di falda da attività agricole intensive." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1317.
Повний текст джерелаSanmanee, Sirichai. "Use of GIS to Identify and Delineate Areas of Fluoride, Sulfate, Chloride, and Nitrate Levels in the Woodbine Aquifer, North Central Texas, in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2869/.
Повний текст джерелаZAMBITO, MARSALA ROBERTA. "Impatto e prevenzione dell'inquinamento delle acque sotterranee da pesticidi e nitrati nei vigneti collinari: valutazione delle fonti di contaminazione e sviluppo delle migliori pratiche di gestione e misure di mitigazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95715.
Повний текст джерелаMany anthropic activities give rise to environmental problems for which it is necessary to find solutions. The presence of undesirable substances in water, indeed, can pose a risk to the health and hygiene of both men and animals. It is, therefore, essential to find methods in order to avoid pollutants from these matrices, so as to make them compatible with the maintenance of healthy environmental conditions. This thesis aims to assessing the groundwater quality of an area in which the quality of water was never studied, particularly investigating the occurrence of pesticides and nitrate in order to understand the grant of viticulture on water pollution. This study derives from the necessity to improve the water governance and to implement the best management practices and mitigation measures to prevent groundwater and environmental pollution. The results of monitoring studies showed a contamination of groundwater by pesticides and nitrate and thus an evaluation of PPPs and nitrates source contamination was carried out through isotopic studies of N and O of NO3- , and through hydrologic analysis by use of the model CRITERIA 3D. As one of the main conclusions of the work, the occurrence of PPPs in groundwater in areas with intensive viticultural activities cannot be related just to chemical environmental fate properties or pedoclimatic conditions, but also to end-user behavior. In fact, the contamination source evaluated, resulted to be due to both diffuse and point-source contamination. For what concerns the influence of nitrogen-based fertilization on nitrate occurrence in groundwater, the results showed a high vulnerability of the aquifer to external changes. Isotopic investigations showed that most of the NO3- detected in the groundwater, derived from the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, in agreement with the land use and viticulture practices declared by the farmers. The most important result of the study, however, was that at the end of the overall process, the multi-actor approach and engagement strategy adopted were successful in improving attitudes to more sustainable practices.
ZAMBITO, MARSALA ROBERTA. "Impatto e prevenzione dell'inquinamento delle acque sotterranee da pesticidi e nitrati nei vigneti collinari: valutazione delle fonti di contaminazione e sviluppo delle migliori pratiche di gestione e misure di mitigazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95715.
Повний текст джерелаMany anthropic activities give rise to environmental problems for which it is necessary to find solutions. The presence of undesirable substances in water, indeed, can pose a risk to the health and hygiene of both men and animals. It is, therefore, essential to find methods in order to avoid pollutants from these matrices, so as to make them compatible with the maintenance of healthy environmental conditions. This thesis aims to assessing the groundwater quality of an area in which the quality of water was never studied, particularly investigating the occurrence of pesticides and nitrate in order to understand the grant of viticulture on water pollution. This study derives from the necessity to improve the water governance and to implement the best management practices and mitigation measures to prevent groundwater and environmental pollution. The results of monitoring studies showed a contamination of groundwater by pesticides and nitrate and thus an evaluation of PPPs and nitrates source contamination was carried out through isotopic studies of N and O of NO3- , and through hydrologic analysis by use of the model CRITERIA 3D. As one of the main conclusions of the work, the occurrence of PPPs in groundwater in areas with intensive viticultural activities cannot be related just to chemical environmental fate properties or pedoclimatic conditions, but also to end-user behavior. In fact, the contamination source evaluated, resulted to be due to both diffuse and point-source contamination. For what concerns the influence of nitrogen-based fertilization on nitrate occurrence in groundwater, the results showed a high vulnerability of the aquifer to external changes. Isotopic investigations showed that most of the NO3- detected in the groundwater, derived from the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, in agreement with the land use and viticulture practices declared by the farmers. The most important result of the study, however, was that at the end of the overall process, the multi-actor approach and engagement strategy adopted were successful in improving attitudes to more sustainable practices.
MacDougall, Kenneth Alasdair. "Groundwater contamination : a risk based approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366814.
Повний текст джерелаMahomed, N. "Finite element analysis of groundwater contamination." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8294.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study was to develop a computational Finite Element model, validated by experimentation, to assist in the understanding of groundwater contamination problems. It was mainly aimed at studying the extent and manner of travel of contaminants in the saturated soil of unconfined aquifers which may be pumped by of wells.
Luo, Yongshou. "Optimal monitoring and remediation of groundwater contamination." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056479934.
Повний текст джерелаPous, Rodríguez Narcís. "Bioremediation of nitrate-polluted groundwater using bioelectrochemical systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/302539.
Повний текст джерелаLa presència de nitrats (NO3-) en aigües subterrànies és una preocupació global. L’alt cost energètic i ambiental de les tecnologies actuals requereixen la investigació de noves estratègies. Aquesta tesi ha investigat la utilització de sistemes bioelectroquímics (BES) pel tractament d’aigües subterrànies contaminades per nitrats. Les BES es basen en microorganismes capaços de realitzar oxidacions/reduccions tot alliberant/captant electrons d’un elèctrode. Aquesta tesi ha investigat l’ús de bactèries capaçes d’utilitzar l’elèctrode com a donador d’electrons (biocàtode) per reduir el nitrat a dinitrogen gas (compost inert). Com a resultat, s’ha patentat un procés que permet desnitrificar a altes velocitats (700 gN•m-3NCC•d-1), a un cost energètic competitiu (0.68•10-2 – 1.27•10-2 kWh•gN-1tractat), sense generar fangs ni addicionar substàncies químiques. També s’ha caracteritzat electroquímicament els microorganismes i s’ha elucidat les subcomunitats microbianes responsables de la desnitrificació. En definitiva, aquesta tesi demostra que els sistemes bioelectroquímics poden esdevenir una alternativa competitiva pel tractament d’aigües subterrànies contaminades per nitrats
Wakida-Kusunoki, Fernando T. "Potential nitrate leaching from house building to groundwater." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251274.
Повний текст джерелаTobias, Craig 1967. "Nitrate reduction at the groundwater - salt marsh interface." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616877.
Повний текст джерелаYaxley, James W. "Groundwater nitrate pathways in a wet tropical catchment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228527/1/James_Yaxley_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMisiti, Teresa Marie. "Groundwater nitrate reduction in a simulated free water surface wetland system." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31847.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Member: Pavlostathis, Spyros; Committee Member: Spain, Jim; Committee Member: Tezel, Ulas. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Formanek, Paula Anne. "An assessment of groundwater contamination at cemetery sites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ28197.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаShepherd, Kevin Andrew. "Contamination and groundwater quality in the Birmingham aquifer." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603510.
Повний текст джерелаGerba, Charles P. "Microbial Contamination of Groundwater by Landfills: Risk Assessment." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296388.
Повний текст джерелаTorrentó, Aguerri Clara. "Denitrification with pyrite for bioremediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/79990.
Повний текст джерелаA les darreres dècades, la contaminació de nitrat de l’aigua subterrània ha esdevingut un dels principals problemes que afecten la qualitat dels recursos hídrics subterranis. La presència de nitrat a l’aigua subterrània està relacionada, principalment, amb pràctiques agrícoles, com per exemple, l’ús intensiu de purins com a fertilitzant orgànic. La comarca d’Osona (Catalunya) és una de les àrees declarades vulnerables a la contaminació per nitrat d’origen agrícola. El nitrat procedeix principalment de la intensa activitat agrícola i ramadera. El principal procés d’atenuació natural del nitrat és la desnitrificació. La majoria dels bacteris desnitrificants són heteròtrofs i usen compostos orgànics com a font d’electrons. Tanmateix, també existeixen bacteris desnitrificants autòtrofs que són capaços d’usar compostos inorgànics, com a donants d’electrons. Estudis de camp previs han demostrat a partir de dades geoquímiques i/o isotòpiques que en alguns aqüífers la desnitrificació està controlada per l’oxidació de pirita. Tot i així, hi ha estudis de laboratori que qüestionen la viabilitat de la desnitrificació lligada a l’oxidació de pirita (compost inorgànic donant d’electrons). En aquesta tesi s’estudia el paper de la pirita en la desnitrificació i la seva possible aplicació com a estratègia de bioremediació d’aigües contaminades amb nitrat. Estudis previs demostraren l’ocurrència de processos de desnitrificació a Osona, en una petita àrea situada en el sector nord de la zona d’estudi. Els resultats d’aquests estudis suggereixen que l’oxidació de sulfurs hi juga un paper molt important en l’atenuació natural. A la primera part de la tesi s’exposa la caracterització dels processos de desnitrificació que tenen lloc en l’aqüífer d’Osona, així com de les seves variacions temporals i espacials. S’han usat mètodes multi-isotòpics integrats amb mètodes hidrogeològics clàssics, que han servit per identificar l’existència de processos de desnitrificació lligats a l’oxidació de pirita en algunes zones de l’àrea d’estudi. L’eliminació del nitrat de l’aigua subterrània pot aconseguir-se mitjançant estratègies que incentiven la desnitrificació biològica in situ. Una de les estratègies de bioremediació in situ és la bioestimulació, que consisteix en afegir donants d’electrons o fonts d’energia apropiades per tal d’estimular l’activitat de bacteris desnitrificants existents en el medi. En la segona part de la tesi s’esbrina el paper de la pirita com a potencial donant d’electrons en els procés de desnitrificació i s’avalua la viabilitat d’una estratègia de bioremediació, basada en l’addició de pirita per estimular l’activitat de bacteris desnitrificants autòctons. Experiments amb pirita i inoculats amb “Thiobacillus denitrificans” han demostrat que aquest bacteri és capaç de reduir el nitrat utilitzant la pirita com a donant d’electrons. A més a més, s’ha determinat que l’eficiència i la velocitat de reducció del nitrat depèn de la seva concentració inicial, del pH i de la mida de gra de la pirita. En experiments de flux continu, de llarga durada que simulen el flux d’aigües subterrànies contaminades amb nitrat, s’han aconseguit altes eficiències en l’eliminació del nitrat. A més a més, s’han realitzat experiments de bioestimulación amb pirita usant aigua subterrània i sediments de l’aqüífer d’Osona. Aquests experiments han demostrat que afegint pirita s’aconsegueix d’estimular l’activitat dels bacteris desnitrificants autòctons i, per tant, induir i/o augmentar la desnitrificació. També, s’ha provat l’alta eficiència d’aquest procés a llarg termini. Per tant, l’ús de la pirita podria tenir-se en compte com a estratègia per a l’eliminació de nitrat en properes mesures de gestió dels recursos hídrics. Tanmateix, cal més investigació, i especialment, a escala de camp. Per aconseguir l’èxit amb la bioremediació cal conèixer amb detall els processos i les poblacions microbiològiques que intervenen en els canvis poblacionals associats al tractament de bioremediació. Els resultats dels experiments de bioestimulació han demostrat que els bacteris desnitrificants autòtrofs dominants en el sistema són probablement poblacions relacionades amb Xanthomonadaceae. L’addició de pirita puposa un increment en la proporció de bacteris desnitrificants i produeix l’estimulació tant dels desnitrificants autòtrofs com dels heteròtrofs. A més a més, s’han calculat els factors d’enriquiment isotòpic de N i O associats al procés de desnitrificació per oxidació de pirita. Aquests factors d’enriquiment s’han usat per recalcular el grau d’atenuació natural del nitrat que té lloc en l’aqüífer d’Osona. Aquest recàlcul pot ser d’utilitat a l’hora de predir l’evolució de la contaminació en l’aqüífer i cal tenir-lo en compte a l’hora d’implementar possibles tècniques de remediació induïda. Per tant, la metodologia isotòpica ha demostrat ser una eina excel∙lent per identificar i quantificar processos de desnitrificació natural i per monitoritzar l’eficàcia d’estratègies de bioremediació en el laboratori. Per millorar el rendiment i la durabilitat de potencials estratègies de bioremediació basades en la desnitrificació i oxidació de pirita és necessari conèixer la contribució relativa dels bacteris desnitrificants planctònics i dels bacteris adherits als sediments. Així, a l’última part de la tesi l’interès s’enfoca en l’avaluació de l’habilitat de “T. denitrificans” en colonitzar i créixer sobre la superfície de la pirita. Els resultats experimentals de colonització suggereixen que per aconseguir la desnitrificació amb pirita com a donant d’electrons, cal que una part dels bacteris s’adhereixi a la superfície de la pirita. No obstant, sembla que ambdós bacteris, adherits i planctònics, contribueixen al procés global. Tanmateix, queda pendent d’examinar el paper específic de cada tipus en la desnitrificació.
Makowski, Anna. "Modeling nitrate transport in Spanish Springs Valley, Washoe County, Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1438920.
Повний текст джерелаFons?ca, Andr?a Lessa da. "Uso da tecnologia de troca i?nica no tratamento de ?guas contaminadas com Nitrato do Aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras, Natal/RN-Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15878.
Повний текст джерелаThe city of Natal comprises an area of about 170 km? (65,63 squares miles). The Dunas-Barreiras Aquifer is the most important reservoir of the coastal basin of RN. It is being responsible for the water supplying of about 70% of the population, however, due to the sewage disposal system by cesspools and drains, it is presently affected in a great extent by nitrates contamination. Thus, the present work proposes to research the utilization of contaminated water by nitrates of this fountainhead and find cost of the potable water through the ionic exchange technology. This technology consists in the removal of mineral salts by the exchange of cations for one ion of hydrogen (H+), through the passage of water by cationic resin bed and, secondly, by the exchange of the anions for hydroxyl ions (OH-) through a anionic resin bed. The obtained results have showed the waters derived from fountains, big water holes and shallow wells were microbiologically contaminated, while the waters derived from deep wells (above 70 m 76,58 yards) were free of contamination. Thus, only these ones are suitable to the use of ionic technology. The experiments were conducted with the resin IMAC-HP-555 such as kinetic, thermodynamic, and adsorption by fixed bed studies, being obtained several project variables for the experimental column, as follow: work temperature of 25oC; resin maximum capacity maximum e mean of adsorption ==0,01692 g NO3-1/g R e 0,0110 g NO3-1/g R, respectively. On the experimental column were performed breakthrough tests which pointed for an average ideal average speed of work of 13.2 m / h, with an average efficiency of 45% of adsorption, an optimal concentration of NaCl desorption of 8%, and an ideal desorption time of 80 minutes for the equilibrium conditions of water from the Dunas-Barreiras aquifer. Scale projection for ion-exchange column for denitrification, for these variables, using a computer modeling programme, to project the column of ion exchange ROREX-420/2000, obtained a cost for the drinking water denitrified by this system of R$ 0,16 / m3
A cidade de Natal-RN abrange uma ?rea de aproximadamente 170 km2. O aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras, mais importante reservat?rio da bacia costeira do RN, abastece cerca de 70% da cidade. Devido ? aus?ncia de sistema de saneamento municipal e a cidade ter adotado forma de disposi??o de esgotos atrav?s de fossas e sumidouros, este aq??fero apresenta-se, em grande parte, contaminado por nitratos. O trabalho em quest?o se prop?e a pesquisar o aproveitamento da ?gua contaminada desse manancial, assim como estimar o custo da ?gua pot?vel atrav?s da tecnologia de troca i?nica. O estudo da qualidade das ?guas do aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras mostrou que, as ?guas provenientes de fontes, cacimbas e po?os rasos apresentaram-se contaminadas microbiologicamente, enquanto as ?guas provenientes de po?os profundos (superior a 70 m) apresentaram-se isentas, sendo ent?o somente essas adequadas para aproveitamento pela tecnologia de troca i?nica. Foram realizados v?rios experimentos cin?tico, termodin?mico, utilizando (resina IMAC-HP-555) o m?todo da imers?o em volume finito e din?micos da adsor??o por troca i?nica usando-se uma coluna. A partir destes resultados foi projetada uma coluna piloto onde se usou uma resina ani?nica, operando no ciclo cloreto, para remo??o seletiva de nitrato. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma temperatura de trabalho de 25oC, velocidade m?dia ideal de trabalho de 13,6 m/h, capacidade de adsor??o m?xima e m?dia da resina =0,01692 g NO3-1/g R e 0,0110 g NO3-1/g R, respectivamente, concentra??o ideal de dessor??o do NaCl de 8% e tempo ideal de dessor??o de 80 minutos para as condi??es de equil?brio da ?gua do aq??fero Dunas-Barreiras. Experi?ncia de proje??o de aumento de escala realizada para sistema de coluna de troca i?nica para desnitrifica??o, com as vari?veis determinadas, adotou-se um programa de modelagem computacional para projetos de coluna de troca i?nica, ROREX-420/2000, onde se obteve um custo da ?gua pot?vel desnitrificada de R$ 0,16/m3. Para um volume de ?gua pot?vel produzido igual a 2.100 m3/ ciclo de opera??o foi obtida uma efici?ncia m?dia de remo??o de nitratos de 45%
Trowsdale, Sam A. "The depth of penetration of contamination in urban groundwater." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269320.
Повний текст джерелаGUSMAO, ALEXANDRE DUARTE. "USE OF REACTIVE BARRIERS FOR REMEDIATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1899@1.
Повний текст джерелаA contaminação do meio ambiente de subsuperfície com resíduos perigosos e tóxicos tem se tornado um dos maiores problemas ambientais em vários países, com muitos locais apresentando contaminação da água subterrânea. Existem diversas técnicas de controle de contaminação da água subterrânea, sendo que a mais comumente utilizada é a de pump-and-treat. Apesar de ser eficaz no controle da migração de plumas de contaminação, o pump-and-treat possui várias restrições físicas e químicas que limitam a sua eficácia quanto à remediação a longo prazo, especialmente se utilizado de forma isolada, ou no caso de aquíferos contaminados com líquidos não miscíveis com a água (NAPLs - Non Aqueous Phase Liquids). Técnicas adicionais e associadas a sistemas de controle de migração de plumas são muitas vezes recomendadas, tendo em vista o lento processo de dissolução natural destes líquidos em águas subterrâneas. Diante destas limitações, diversas técnicas alternativas ao pump-and-treat têm sido pesquisadas, sendo que uma das mais promissoras é o tratamento in situ dos contaminantes através das barreiras reativas, especialmente no caso de aquíferos contaminados com organoclorados alifáticos (solventes clorados). O projeto envolve a execução de uma barreira com materiais reativos e porosos (reatores) ao longo do caminho da pluma de contaminação. À medida que água percola passivamente através do reator, os contaminantes vão sendo degradados, minimizando ou prevenindo-se a contaminação do aquífero a jusante da barreira. O processo de degradação envolve a decloração redutiva dos organoclorados na presença de metais de valência nula (por exemplo, o ferro metálico). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral fazer uma avaliação da utilização de barreiras reativas no processo de remediação de aquíferos contaminados com solventes clorados, enfatizando-se a sua aplicabilidade e limitações. A pesquisa tem ainda, como objetivo específico, mostrar que o tratamento de aquíferos deve ser feito de modo sequencial, ou seja, deve envolver diferentes tecnologias de remediação, de acordo com as características dos contaminantes presentes e seus subprodutos. Foram realizados vários ensaios de permeabilidade e de transporte de massa, para determinação da condutividade hidráulica e dos parâmetros de transporte de massa, em diferentes misturas de pó de ferro e pó de quartzo. Foram também realizados ensaios de batelada e de coluna com diferentes contaminantes na presença de pó de ferro, cujos resultados permitem uma avaliação das taxas de degradação destes compostos, bem como dos seus subprodutos. Conclui-se que a técnica da decloração redutiva com uso do ferro metálico pode apresentar resultados bem distintos, dependendo do contaminante em questão. Alguns contaminantes podem inclusive não apresentar degradação ou mesmo tempos de meia vida tão altos, que inviabilizem o uso da técnica em projetos de barreiras reativas. A produção de subprodutos clorados tão ou até mais tóxicos que o próprio contaminante original, e que não são degradados pelo mesmo princípio reativo, reforça a necessidade de tratamentos sequenciais na remediação de aquíferos.
Underground contamination with hazardous wastes has been one of the largest environmental problems in several countries, with many sites presenting groundwater contamination. There are several technologies to control and remediate groundwater contamination and the technology more commonly used is the so called pump-and-treat. In spite of the potential for its use in the control of the migration of a plume, pump-and-treat possesses several physical and chemical restrictions that limit its effectiveness as a strategy of aquifer decontamination on long duration remediation works, especially if used isolated or when the aquifer is contaminated with NAPLs (Non Aqueous Phase Liquids). Additional and associated techniques to the control system of the plume migration are often recommended according the slow process of natural dissolution of these liquids in groundwater. Because these limitations, several technologies are being investigated. One of the most promising is the in situ treatment of the contaminant in reactive barriers, especially in aquifers contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic organic compounds (chlorinated solvents). The design involves the construction of a barrier with reactive and porous materials (reactors) that are placed in the aquifer to intercept the contaminant plume. As water passively flows through the reactor, the contaminants are degraded, therefore minimising or avoiding the aquifer contamination downstream the barrier. The degradation process involves the reductive dechlorination of the compounds in the presence of zero-valent metals (e.g. metallic iron). The general objective of this research is to make an evaluation of the use of reactive barriers in the emediation of aquifers that are contaminated with chlorinated solvents, and is emphasised its applicability and limitations. The specific objective of the research is to show that the treatment of aquifers should be made of sequential way, that is, it should involve different technologies of remediation according to the characteristics of the contaminants and their by-products. Several permeability and mass transport experiments were made for determination of the hydraulic conductivity and the parameters of mass transport in different mixtures of powder of iron and quartz. Batch and column tests were also made with different contaminants in the presence of iron powder and the results allow evaluating the degradation rates of these compounds and their by-products. The conclusion is that the reductive dechlorination with metallic iron can have different results depending on the type of contaminant. Some contaminants can not present any degradation or they have so high half-life times that the use of this technology in reactive barrier design is out of practice. Finally the formation of chlorinated by-products, which are more toxic than the own original contaminant and not degraded by the same technology, emphasises that the treatment of aquifers should be sequential.
La contaminación del medio ambiente, particularmente subsuperficies, con residuos peligrosos y tóxicos se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas ambientales en varios paises, donde en muchos locales existe contaminación del agua subterránea. Existen diversas técnicas de control de contaminación del agua subterránea, entre ellas, la que se utiliza comúnmente es la de pump-and-treat. A pesar de su eficacia en el control de la migración de plumas de contaminación, el pump-and-treat posee varias restriciones físicas y químicas que limitan su eficacia a largo plazo, especialmente si se utiliza aisladamente, o en el caso de aquíferos contaminados con líquidos no miscibles con la agua (NAPLs - Non Aqueos Phase Liquids). Frecuentemente se recomiendan técnicas adicionales y asociadas a sistemas de control de migración de plumas, considerando la lentitud del proceso de disolución natural de estos líquidos en aguas subterráneas. Frente a estas limitaciones, diversas técnicas alternativas al pump-and-treat han sido investigadas y una de las más prometedoras es el tratamiento in situ de los contaminantes a través de las barreras reactivas, especialmente en el caso de aquíferos contaminados con organoclorados alifáticos (solventes clorados). Este proyecto propone la ejecución de una barrera con materiales reactivos y porosos (reactores) a lo largo del camino de la pluma de contaminación. A medida que el agua pasa pasivamente a través del reactor, los contaminantes se van degradando, minimizando o previniendo la contaminación del aquífero. El proceso de degradación utiliza la decloración reductiva de los organoclorados en presencia de metales de valencia nula (por ejemplo, el hierro metálico). Esta investigación tiene como objetivo general hacer una evaluación de la utilización de barreras reactivas en aquíferos contaminados con disolventes clorados, enfatizando su aplicabilidad y limitaciones. Outro objetivo específico de esta investigación es mostrar que el tratamiento de aquíferos debe ser realizado sucesivamente, o sea, debe envolver diferentes tecnologías de acuerdo con las características de los contaminantes existentes y sus subproductos. Se realizaron varios ensayos de permeabilidad y de transporte de masa, para determinación de la conductividad hidráulica y de los parámetros de transporte de masa, en diferentes mexclas de polvo de hierro y polvo de quartzo. También fueron realizados ensayos de batelada y de columna con diferentes contaminantes en presencia de polvo de hierro. Los resultados permiten una evaluación de las tasas de degradación de estos compuestos, así como de sus subproductos. Se concluye que la técnica de la decloración reductiva con uso del hierro metálico puede presentar resultados bien diferentes, dependiendo del contaminante en questión. Algunos contaminantes pueden incluso no presentar degradación o tiempo de vida media tan altos, que inviabilizen el uso de la técnica en proyectos de barreras reactivas. La producción de subproductos clorados tan o hasta más tóxicos que el contaminante original, y que no son degradados por el mismo principio reactivo, refuerza la necesidad de tratamientos sequenciales para la curación de aquíferos.
Hall, Dennis Gregory 1954. "Hydrogeologic investigations for a groundwater contamination site Phoenix, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558155.
Повний текст джерелаGonzález, Dávila Osiel. "Economic behaviour and groundwater contamination in Bangladesh and Mexico." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22779/.
Повний текст джерелаInoue, Kazuya. "Fundamental Studies for Environmental Impact Assessment of Groundwater Contamination." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148577.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第10433号
農博第1371号
新制||農||880(附属図書館)
学位論文||H15||N3849(農学部図書室)
UT51-2003-N924
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 青山 咸康, 教授 三野 徹, 教授 河地 利彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Daigle, Ashley R. 1986. "Investigating Groundwater Arsenic Contamination using Aquifer Push-Pull Tests." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10636.
Повний текст джерелаThe bedrock aquifer of the Southern Willamerte Basin, Oregon, USA, is contaminated with arsenic at concentrations as high as several ppm. Single-well push-pull tests were conducted to investigate how microbial metabolisms control arsenic occurrence and levels in the aquifer. Test solutions containing ethanol were injected into the aquifer; dissolved gases, groundwater, and sediments were then sampled to monitor the speciation of carbon, iron, sulfur, and arsenic. Ethanol amendment stimulated a series of microbial metabolisms, including arsenate reduction, iron reduction, and sulfate reduction. Arsenate reduction converts arsenate to arsenite; iron reduction produces ferrous iron; sulfate reduction releases sulfide. Arsenite and ferrous iron then combine with sulfide and form arsenic sulfide and iron sulfide minerals. Results of the experiments demonstrate that the interactions among microbial metabolisms and mineral precipitation influenced arsenic contamination in the aquifer. These results shed new light on potential bioremediation strategies in the area.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Qusheng Jin, Chair; Dr. Mark Reed; Dr. Samantha Hopkins
Watson, Tara Kimberly. "Groundwater nitrate removal capacity of riparian zones in urbanizing watersheds /." Online version in PDF format, 2006. http://www.uri.edu/cels/nrs/whl/Publications/Thesis/Watson_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 108-112). Also available online via the University of Rhode Island Watershed Hydrology Laboratory publications home page.
Bahrami, Fatemeh. "Removal of nitrate from contaminated groundwater by floating alginate beads." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2222.
Повний текст джерелаGuldan, Nathan M. "Relationships between groundwater recharge dates, nitrate levels, and denitrification in a central Wisconsin watershed /." Link to Abstract, 2004. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2004/Guldan.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWeemees, Ilmar Andrew. "Development of an electrical resistivity cone for groundwater contamination studies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28730.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Uddin, G. M. Saleh. "Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Bangladesh : causes, consequences and solutions." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envu18.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPosen, Paulette Eugenie. "Groundwater vulnerability mapping : an application to pesticide contamination in England." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427094.
Повний текст джерелаIsrael, Sumaya. "In situ denitrification of nitrate rich groundwater in Marydale, Northern Cape /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/642.
Повний текст джерелаClement, Mary. "The use of microbial community fingerprinting as a marker for tracking the source of water application to pathogen and groundwater source tracking /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11132.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 49 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-49).
Wanfang, Zhou. "Migration behaviour of dense nonaqueous phase liquids in water-saturated fractured rock." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388275.
Повний текст джерела