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Статті в журналах з теми "Ground structures"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

SHEINA, Tatiana V., and Elena A. AVDEEVA. "GABION AND REINFORCED GROUND STRUCTURES." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.03.9.

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In world practice, gabion structures are used more than 100 years. The on-currently a variety of gabion containers are widely used for a wide-range of applications of road construction. Years of experience shows that the utilization of the gabion structures is one of the highly eff ective and versatile way not only to strengthen the slopes, slopes of embankments and depressions, but also strengthening, stabilization and protection of exploited subgrade and devices podmostovyh cones, bridge supports, regulatory dams, drainage facilities.

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2

Della Rocca, Michael. "Razing Structures to the Ground." Analytic Philosophy 55, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phib.12048.

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3

Hauck, J., and K. Mika. "Ground-state structures of polymers." Journal of Computational Chemistry 22, no. 16 (2001): 1944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.1144.

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4

Okajima, Riku, Yuki Ohki, Shinji Taenaka, Shunsuke Moriyasu, Takeji Deji, Hideki Ueda, Katsumi Seki, and Taro Arikawa. "VERIFICATION OF SEEPAGE FLOW CALCULATION BASED ON FLUID-GROUND WEAK COUPLING ANALYSIS MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.68.

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In order to evaluate destruction of coastal structure caused by tsunami, it is essential to establish coupling method of fluid and ground. Arikawa et. Al.(2009) developed the model using weak coupling method of fluid analysis and ground analysis (named as CADMAS-STR). It is performed by mutual communication between pressure on fluid side and displacement on structure side. Based on boundary pressure from the fluid side, the ground side calculates seepage flow analysis using Biot's equation. On the other hand, the fluid side converts the ground region to porosity and calculates the resistance force to calculate seepage on the fluid side. In this study, based on Yoshioka's research, we applied Dupuit-Forchheimer's rule in CADMAS-STR's fluid resistance calculation, and verify its validity by comparing it with physical experiment. Furthermore, we compared pore water pressure

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5

Ohtomo, Keizo. "Load Characteristics of Ground Lateral Flow on In-Ground Structures." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 591 (1998): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1998.591_283.

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6

Gorskii, Yu A., P. A. Gavrilov, and A. I. Borovkov. "Virtual proving ground for aircraft structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 986 (December 12, 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/986/1/012020.

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7

Prokopyeva, T., V. Danilov, A. Dobroserdova, S. Kantorovich, and C. Holm. "Ground state structures in ferrofluid monolayers." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323, no. 10 (May 2011): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.11.034.

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8

de Ruiter, Peter C. "Ecosystem structures above and below ground." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02594-6.

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9

De Natale, Giuseppe, and Folco Pingue. "Ground deformations in collapsed caldera structures." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 57, no. 1-2 (September 1993): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(93)90029-q.

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10

Lee, Bok-Hee, Hyun-Uk Jung, and Young-Hwan Baek. "Ground Surface Potential Distribution near Ground Rod Associated with Soil Structures." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2007.21.1.142.

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11

Burton, B. P., and E. Cockayne. "Unexpected Ground State Structures in Relaxor Ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics 270, no. 1 (January 2002): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190211198.

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12

Ang, T. L., and K. J. Masri. "Behaviour of residential structures on problematic ground." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 513 (April 25, 2019): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/513/1/012010.

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13

Bereslavskii, E. N., L. A. Aleksandrova, and E. V. Pesterev. "On ground water seepage under hydraulic structures." Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations 3, no. 5 (September 17, 2011): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070048211050061.

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14

Krinitzsky, E. L. "Ground Movements and Their Effects on Structures." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 67, no. 38 (1986): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo067i038p00690-04.

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15

Lekshmy, P. R., and S. T. G. Raghukanth. "Maximum Possible Ground Motion for Linear Structures." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 6 (March 9, 2015): 938–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2015.1023472.

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16

Kawulok, Marian, and Zbigniew Lipski. "Actions of Mining Ground Deformations on Structures." IABSE Symposium Report 90, no. 6 (January 1, 2005): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796271053.

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17

Kantorovich, Sofia, Rudolf Weeber, Juan J. Cerda, and Christian Holm. "Ferrofluids with shifted dipoles: ground state structures." Soft Matter 7, no. 11 (2011): 5217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05186e.

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18

Dalidovskaya, A. A., and V. G. Pastushkov. "Protective Measures during Construction of Ground Structures over Existing Underground Structures." Science & Technique 19, no. 5 (October 15, 2020): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-5-377-383.

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Анотація:

Today, there is an acute issue of ensuring the safe operation of buildings and structures located in the immediate vicinity of new construction. The process of performing works on the installation of load-bearing structures and their further operation can have a negative impact on already existing facilities. In this regard, the task of developing innovative methods and tools to ensure the safe operation of such structures as subway running tunnels is very urgent. To solve it, a reliable forecast of additional deformation and appointment of a complex of protective measures are required. In addition, much attention should be paid to the numerical modeling of the system “surface structures – protective measures – underground structures”. As an example of assessing the impact of new construction, namely, the erection of surface structures over existing underground ones, one can cite the construction of a transport interchange at the intersection of Nezavisimosty Avenue with Filimonov Street. As protective measures, a protective screen on bored piles has been used here, which made it possible to minimize significantly dynamic and static effects on the lining of tunnels and other underground structures of the subway. Effectiveness of protection application is confirmed by the result of monitoring the stress-strain state of running tunnel structures at all stages of traffic intersection construction. Protective measures and continuous monitoring of the stress-strain state in structures help to avoid accidents during construction and further operation.

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19

Leong, Eng Choon, Sarma Anand, and Chee Hiong Lim. "Mitigation of Ground Shock Effects on Buried Structures–Advantages of Unsaturated Ground." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.740.

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Going underground has been proven an effective defense strategy. However, defense structures below the ground need to be designed for ground shock loading. In Singapore, two thirds of the land area is covered by residual soils which are mostly unsaturated. But soil moisture condition in a tropical country like Singapore can alternate between dry and wet conditions. This paper summarizes the findings of a series of small-scale field tests to investigate the effects of degree of saturation on ground shock. A new perspective is presented which will help in developing technologies to mitigate ground shock effects on underground structures in future.

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20

Sun, Chao, and Qing Wang. "Effects of Mining Excavation on Surface Structures." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.457.

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In order to study the effect of mining excavation on planed structure on ground surface, the effect of certain mining excavation on ground stabtility was calculated by use of the advanced Ansys FEM computation program. The recults can not only provide ground deformation parameters for planned structure, but also give light for understanding the deformation mechanism of mining excavation.

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21

Takezawa, Akihiro, Kanjuro Makihara, Nozomu Kogiso, and Mitsuru Kitamura. "CO-JP-1 Ground structure approach for PZT layout optimization in semi-active vibration control systems of space structures." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _CO—JP—1–1—_CO—JP—1–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._co-jp-1-1.

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22

Saeed Masoomi, Mohammad, Siti Aminah Osman, and Ali Jahanshahi. "Dynamic Characteristics of Base-Isolated Steel Frame under Seismic Ground Motion." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2341.

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This paper presents the performance of base-isolated steel structures under the seismic load. The main goals of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation systems for steel structures against earthquake loads; to verify the modal analysis of steel frame compared with the hand calculation results; and development of a simulating method for base-isolated structure’s responses. Two models were considered in this study, one a steel structure with base-isolated and the other without base-isolated system. The nonlinear time-history analysis of both structures under El Centro 1940 seismic ground motion was used based on finite element method through SAP2000. The mentioned frames were analyzed by Eigenvalue method for linear analysis and Ritz-vector method for nonlinear analysis. Simulation results were presented as time-acceleration graphs for each story, period and frequency of both structures for the first three modes.

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23

Timchenko, Radomir, Dmytro Krishko, and Volodymyr Savenko. "Experimental research of retaining walls with structural surface." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 51 (October 12, 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2018.51.1305.

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The retaining walls are one of the most widespread types of engineering structures. Behaviour numerous studies of various soils with soaking have showed that their bearing capacity and compliance are closely related to their moisture content degree. To obtain information on the displacements and sediments of model structures and grounds, the hour-type indicators are used. The carried out researches have shown that with the same ground base, loading and boundary conditions, evident for a retaining wall with a structural surface, there is an inclusion in entire soil massif work. The uniformity of the structures and the ground base general deformations, in turn, provides retaining wall with a structural surface greater stability.

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24

Safwat, Amr M. E. "Letter-shaped microstrip ground slots." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 5 (May 16, 2012): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000426.

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This paper proposes a systematic approach for designing and modeling letter-shaped microstrip ground slots. Twenty-three structures are investigated. For each one, a geometrical circuit model is developed. Interestingly, 21 letters have unique s-parameters (electromagnetic [EM] print). Results are confirmed by EM simulations and measurements. These results may pave the way to new applications, e.g. microwave character recognition, letter-based microwave circuits, or new radio frequency identification (RFID) structures

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25

OHTA, Tokiharu. "STRONG GROUND MOTIONS AT KUSHIRO OBSERVATORY AND VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND AND STRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 60, no. 474 (1995): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.60.77_1.

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26

Salvador, Albert, Nicolau Pineda, Joan Montanyà, Jesús A. López, and Gloria Solà. "Thunderstorm charge structures favouring cloud-to-ground lightning." Atmospheric Research 257 (August 2021): 105577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105577.

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27

Galiullin, R. R., R. S. Aipov, and R. B. Yarullin. "EFFICIENCY OF PLANT IRRADIATION IN PROTECTED GROUND STRUCTURES." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 54, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-100-105.

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Анотація:

The advantage of LED lamps over conventional means of plant irradiation is described. An analytic expression is proposed to determine the relationship between LED lamp characteristics and plant parameters such as the stem growth and biomass. The formula also identifies the plant growth phase, which is crucial in development of automated energy-saving LED irradiation facilities for greenhouses.

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28

Brandl, H. "Energy foundations and other thermo-active ground structures." Géotechnique 56, no. 2 (March 2006): 81–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2006.56.2.81.

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29

MacRae, Gregory A., Daniel V. Morrow, and Charles W. Roeder. "Near-Fault Ground Motion Effects on Simple Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 9 (September 2001): 996–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:9(996).

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30

Fedorov, V., E. Vasilyeva, A. V. Vyaltsev, and E. Yakovenko. "To the Safety of Small Reservoirs Ground Structures." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 272 (June 21, 2019): 022114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/2/022114.

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31

Zhuravlev, I. N. "Methodological aspects of reinforced ground structures’ deformability study." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 17, no. 1 (March 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2020-1-71-76.

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32

Singh, Ashok Kumar, and Shrikant Lele. "Ground-state structures in ordered binary h.c.p. alloys." Philosophical Magazine B 64, no. 3 (September 1991): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819108207620.

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33

Guang-Tsai Lei, R. W. Techentin, and B. K. Gilbert. "High-frequency characterization of power/ground-plane structures." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 47, no. 5 (May 1999): 562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.763156.

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34

Maheri, M. R., and R. T. Severn. "Impulsive hydrodynamic pressures in ground-based cylindrical structures." Journal of Fluids and Structures 3, no. 6 (November 1989): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-9746(89)90136-9.

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35

Wu, Jianlan, and Jianshu Cao. "Ground-state shapes and structures of colloidal domains." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 371, no. 2 (November 2006): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.05.026.

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36

Ramos, J. I. "Torsional oscillations in structures subject to ground motion." Applied Mathematical Modelling 9, no. 2 (April 1985): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(85)90120-9.

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37

Moustafa, Abbas, and Izuru Takewaki. "Modeling Critical Ground-Motion Sequences for Inelastic Structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 13, no. 4 (August 2010): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.13.4.665.

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38

Singh, Jogeshwar P. "Earthquake Ground Motions: Implications for Designing Structures and Reconciling Structural Damage." Earthquake Spectra 1, no. 2 (February 1985): 239–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585264.

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Until recently, characteristics of strong ground motion resulting from different soil conditions were considered the dominant factor in developing design ground motions and reconciling observed damage. Interpretation of recent recordings of earthquakes by strong motion instrument arrays installed in California and Taiwan show that basic characteristics of strong motion are greatly influenced by the seismological and geological conditions. For a given soil condition, the characteristics of strong ground motion (peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, peak ground displacement, duration, spectral content, and time histories) can vary significantly whether the site is near or far from the seismic source. As local soil conditions only modify the ground motions produced by a given source, variability in ground motion due to seismologic and geologic conditions (for a given soil condition) must be considered in estimating earthquake ground motions for structural design or for estimating structural vulnerabilities to reconcile earthquake-related damage.

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39

Veera Babu, K., S. Siva Rama Krishna, and Venu Malagavelli. "Seismic analysis of Multi storey Building on Sloping Ground and Flat Ground by using ETABS." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012004.

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Abstract Due to urbanization and industrialization, which paved the door for the development of tall, multi-story structures on mountainous terrain, land is scarce in emerging nations like India. Buildings built on hilly terrain differ from those built on flat terrain due of their uneven and asymmetrical vertical and horizontal structures. These buildings are also significantly more vulnerable to earthquake pressures when located in mountainous terrain. The primary goal of the current endeavor is to investigate how structures behave on level and sloping terrain. Hilly places require different construction configurations than level areas. Hill structures vary from those on lowlands in that they are torsionally linked, highly irregular, and asymmetrical in both the horizontal and vertical planes. As a result, they are vulnerable to severe damage when an earthquake strikes. The behavior of a multi-story structure with two distinct slope angles was attempted to be studied in this paper, and a comparison with flat ground was made. by taking Earthquake Zone II into account. Buildings on level ground and buildings on slanted ground are compared. The models are created with the aid of the structural analysis program ETABS. Response spectrum analysis is used for analysis. The analysis’s findings, including storey shear, storey drifts, moments, and displacement, are tabulated and examined.

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40

Kalkan, Erol, and Juan C. Reyes. "Significance of Rotating Ground Motions on Behavior of Symmetric- and Asymmetric-Plan Structures: Part II. Multi-Story Structures." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 3 (August 2015): 1613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/072012eqs242m.

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Анотація:

The influence of the ground motion rotation angle on engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in the companion paper based on three-dimensional (3-D) computer models of single-story structures. Further validations are performed here using 3-D models of nine-story buildings that have symmetric and asymmetric layouts subjected to a suite of bi-directional near-fault records with and without apparent velocity-pulses. The linear and nonlinear response-history analyses (RHAs) are used for evaluating the use of fault-normal and fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions and maximum-direction (MD) to rotate ground motions. This study suggests that individual ground motions rotated to MD or FN/FP directions not always provide conservative EDPs in nonlinear range, but often produce larger EDPs than as-recorded motions. In practice, when a suite of ground motions is used, nonlinear RHAs should be performed by rotating them to the MD and FN/FP directions, and maximum response values should be taken from these analyses as design values.

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41

Cheng, Hu, Rui Zhang, Tao Zhang, Haitao Wang, Chunxu Qu, and Pengbo Zhang. "P-Delta Effects on Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures Subjected to Near-Fault and Far-Fault Ground Motions." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020205.

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Анотація:

This paper presents a comparison of P-Delta effects on the nonlinear seismic behavior of the steel moment-resisting frame structures (MRFs) subjected to near-fault and far-fault ground motions. The 3-, 9- and 20-story MRFs designed for the American SAC Phase II Steel Project are used as benchmark models. The 40 near-fault ground motions with large velocity pulses, as well as ten typical far-fault ground motions, are selected and scaled for the nonlinear time-history analysis. The P-Delta effect is quantified based on peak inter-story drift ratio (PIDR) demands. The displacement demands of the whole structure and the distortion of the structural components are compared and analyzed. It was found that, at each floor, the P-Delta effect under near-fault ground motions is more significant than that under the far-fault ground motions. The P-Delta effect under near-fault ground motions also increases more rapidly with decreasing structure height even for low-rise structures or low earthquake intensity. It was also found that the P-Delta effect cause the PIDR demands to increase by 10% for all three structures subjected to far-fault ground motions. In contrast, considering the P-Delta effect, the PIDR demands rapidly increase by 45% for the high-rise building subjected to near-fault ground motions. Note that the increasing PIDR demands occur at the weakest floor and with the stronger earthquake intensity. However, the P-Delta effect does not change the location of the weakest floor and the yield sequence of components. The seismic behaviors under far-fault and near-fault ground motions are significantly different, because near-fault ground motions not only have velocity pulse but also possibly trigger structural higher vibration modes. In addition, the P-Delta effect may change the distortion direction of the components so that the prediction of the structural collapse direction may be affected. In addition, it was found that if the structure’s period is near the pulse period, the P-Delta effect becomes more significant with the increase of earthquake intensity, and accordingly, it should not be ignored. Moreover, the P-Delta effect cannot be neglected either for the structures susceptible to near-fault ground motions, even if those structures are not tall or the earthquake intensity is not strong.

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42

KNIGHT, JULIA, ANTONIO MONTALBÁN, and NOAH SCHWEBER. "COMPUTABLE STRUCTURES IN GENERIC EXTENSIONS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 81, no. 3 (May 10, 2016): 814–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2015.30.

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AbstractIn this paper, we investigate connections between structures present in every generic extension of the universe V and computability theory. We introduce the notion of generic Muchnik reducibility that can be used to compare the complexity of uncountable structures; we establish basic properties of this reducibility, and study it in the context of generic presentability, the existence of a copy of the structure in every extension by a given forcing. We show that every forcing notion making ω2 countable generically presents some countable structure with no copy in the ground model; and that every structure generically presentable by a forcing notion that does not make ω2 countable has a copy in the ground model. We also show that any countable structure ${\cal A}$ that is generically presentable by a forcing notion not collapsing ω1 has a countable copy in V, as does any structure ${\cal B}$ generically Muchnik reducible to a structure ${\cal A}$ of cardinality ℵ1. The former positive result yields a new proof of Harrington’s result that counterexamples to Vaught’s conjecture have models of power ℵ1 with Scott rank arbitrarily high below ω2. Finally, we show that a rigid structure with copies in all generic extensions by a given forcing has a copy already in the ground model.

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43

Shahbazi, S., M. Crosetto, and A. Barra. "GROUND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS USING BASIC PRODUCTS OF THE COPERNICUS GROUND MOTION SERVICE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (May 30, 2022): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-349-2022.

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Abstract. Monitoring ground deformation at national and regional level with millimetre-scale precision, nowadays, is possible by using Advanced Differential Interferometric SAR (A-DInSAR) techniques. This study concerns the results of the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS), part of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, which detects and measures land displacement at European scale. This Service provides reliable and consistent information regarding natural ground motion phenomena such as landslides and subsidence. The ground motion is derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) time-series analysis of Sentinel-1A/B data. These data, which provide full coverage of Europe from two different observation geometries (ascending and descending) every six days, are processed at full resolution. The paper is focused on the exploitation of the basic product of EGMS for both regional and local purposes. Analysing the slope and aspect of the deformation field is the novelty of this investigation. In particular, the focus is put on the generation of wide-area differential deformation maps. Such maps indicate the gradient of the deformation field. The obtained information is not only beneficial for monitoring anthropogenic phenomena but also vital for urban management and planning. Most of the significant damages to manmade structures and infrastructures are associated with high deformation gradient values. Thus, monitoring the temporal and spatial variations of deformation gradient is essential for dynamic analysis, early-warning, and risk assessment in urban areas. Although EGMS productions are prepared for monitoring at regional level, their resolutions are high enough to investigate at local level. Therefore, this paper considers the local deformations that affect single structures or infrastructures. Local differences in such deformation can indicate damages in the corresponding structures and infrastructures. We illustrate these types of analysis to generate differential deformation maps using datasets available at CTTC.

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44

Lai, Qinghui, Jinjun Hu, Longjun Xu, Lili Xie, and Shibin Lin. "Method for Ranking Pulse-like Ground Motions According to Damage Potential for Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060754.

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To rank the pulse-like ground motions based on the damage potential to different structures, the internal relationship between the damage potential of pulse-like ground motions and engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is analyzed in this paper. First, a total of 240 pulse-like ground motions from the NGA-West2 database and 16 intensity measures (IMs) are selected. Moreover, four reinforced concrete frame structures with significantly different natural vibration periods are established for dynamic analysis. Second, the efficiency and sufficiency of the IMs of ground motion are analyzed, and the IMs that can be used to efficiently and sufficiently evaluate the EDPs are obtained. Then, based on the calculation results, the principal component analysis (PCA) method is employed to obtain a comprehensive IM for characterizing the damage potential of pulse-like ground motions for specific building structures and EDPs. Finally, the pulse-like ground motions are ranked based on the selected IM and the comprehensive IM for four structures and three EDPs. The results imply that the proposed method can be used to efficiently and sufficiently characterize the damage potential of pulse-like ground motions for building structures.

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45

Aydan, Ömer, Nasir Zia Nasiry, Yoshimi Ohta, and Reşat Ulusay. "Effects of Earthquake Faulting on Civil Engineering Structures." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 12, no. 04 (October 2018): 1841007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431118410075.

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Ground motion characteristics, deformation and surface breaks of earthquakes depend upon the causative faults. Their effects on the seismic design of engineering structures are almost not considered in the present codes of design although there are attempts to include in some countries (i.e. USA, Japan, Taiwan, and Turkey). In this study, the authors first describe ground motions, crustal deformation and surface break observations caused by earthquakes having different faulting mechanism. Then some laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the motions during normal and thrust faulting and their effects on model structures. And then, the effects of surface ruptures and deformations due to earthquake faulting on the response and stability engineering structures through observations in recent great earthquakes are presented. Finally, some recommendations for the design of structures with the consideration of permanent ground deformation in addition to ground shaking, which may be used in the development of seismic codes incorporating the effect of permanent deformation on structures, are proposed.

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46

Kumar, Abhishek, and Pratiksha Malviya. "Study on Building Structures with Sloping Ground under Seismic and Wind Load Conditions." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18754.

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47

Shetty, Mr Sabyath. "Seismic Analysis of Historic Stone Structure: A Review Paper." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45070.

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Abstract: This general report is prepared from the selected 25 papers which are in the area of seismic analysis of structures. An earthquake is the result of a rapid release of strain energy storied in the earth crust that generates seismic waves. Structures are vulnerable to earthquake ground motion and damages the structures. In order to take precaution for the damage of structures due to ground motion, it is important to know the characteristics of the ground motion. The most important dynamic characteristics of earthquake are peak ground acceleration, frequency content, and duration. These characteristics play predominant rule studying the behavior of structures under the earthquake ground motion. The earthquake analysis of multistorey structure is done by linear and nonlinear methods. Response spectrum method of analysis is linear dynamic analysis. For nonlinear dynamic analysis time history method is used. In this paper, response spectrum method is used for linear analysis. For nonlinear analysis, time history method is used.

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48

Mirebeau, Isabelle, Sylvain Petit, Julien Robert, Solene Guitteny, Arsen Gukasov, Pierre Bonville, Andrew Sazonov, and Claudia Decorse. "Magnetic structures and anisotropic excitations in Tb2Ti2O7spin liquid." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314084563.

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Geometrical frustration in the pyrochlore lattice of corner sharing tetrahedra yields exotic short range ordered ground states known as spin liquids or spin ices. Among them, Tb2Ti2O7 spin liquid (also called quantum spin ice) remains the most mysterious, in spite of 15 years of intense investigation. Our recent single crystal experiments using neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering down to 50 mK yield new insight on this question. By applying a high magnetic field along a [111] anisotropy axis [1], the Tb moments reorient gradually without showing the magnetization plateau observed in classical spin ices. Quantitative comparison with mean field calculation supports a dynamical symmetry breaking akin to a dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion, preserving the overall cubic symmetry. In the non-Kramers Tb ion this induce a quantum mixing of the wave-functions of the ground state crystal field doublet enabling the formation of a spin liquid, viewed as a non-magnetic two-singlet ground state in this mean-field picture [2]. The spin lattice coupling also shows up in the spin fluctuations in zero field [3]. Dispersive excitations emerge from pinch-points in the reciprocal space, with anisotropic spectral weight. This is the first evidence of them in a disordered ground state. They reveal the breaking of some conservation law ruling the relative orientations of the fluctuating magnetic moments in a given tetrahedron, as for the monopole excitations in classical spin ices. The algebraic character of the correlations shows that Tb2Ti2O7 ground state is akin to a Coulomb phase. Finally, the first excited crystal field level and an acoustic phonon mode interact, repelling each other. The whole results show that the magnetoelastic coupling is a key feature to understand the surprising spin liquid ground state. They call for an interaction between quadrupolar moments, whose Jahn-Teller distortion is the first (single site) approximation.

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49

Hughes, Jon. "Phytochrome three-dimensional structures and functions." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 2 (March 22, 2010): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0380710.

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The complete three-dimensional sensory module structures of the Pr ground state of Synechocystis 6803 Cph1 and the unusual Pfr ground state of the bacteriophytochrome PaBphP (PDB codes 2VEA and 3C2W respectively) have now been solved, revealing an asymmetrical dumbbell form made up of a PAS (Period/ARNT/Singleminded)–GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenylate cyclase/FhlA) bidomain carrying the chromophore and the smaller PHY (phytochrome-specific) domain. The PHY domain is structurally related to the GAF family, but carries an unusual tongue-like structure which contacts the larger lobe to seal the chromophore pocket. In 2VEA, the tongue makes intimate contact with the helical N-terminus; both the N-terminus and the tongue structures are quite different in 3C2W. As expected, the structures reveal ZZZssa and ZZEssa chromophore conformations in 2VEA and 3C2W respectively, associated with tautomeric differences in several nearby tyrosine residues. Two salt bridges on opposite sides of the chromophore, as well as the associations of the C-ring propionates also differ. It is still unclear, however, which of these structural differences are associated with bacteriophytochromes compared with Cph1 and plant-type phytochromes, the unusual 3C2W Pfr ground state functionality compared with the Pr ground state or the Pr compared with Pfr photoisomerism. To access the latter unambiguously, both Pr and Pfr structures of the same molecule are required. New solid-phase NMR data for Cph1 in the Pr, Pfr and freeze-trapped intermediate states reveal unexpected changes in the chromophore during Pfr→Pr photoconversion. These, together with our efforts to solve the three-dimensional structure of a complete phytochrome molecule are also described.

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Wang, Hongwei, Mingming Jia, Yanwu Yao, Xueliang Chen, and Zirong Zhang. "Influence of the Vertical Component of Yangbi Ground Motion on the Dynamic Response of RC Frame and Brick-Concrete Structure." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010147.

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An earthquake of magnitude 6.4 occurred in Yangbi County, Yunnan Province on 21 May 2021, with a focal depth of 8 km, and strong ground motion with vertical components was monitored by Yangbi station (53YBX). A total of 14,122 houses were damaged in Yangbi in the earthquake, and 232 of them collapsed. Vertical components of ground motions have been gained more attention for its effect on structure’s seismic response in epicenter or near-fault regions at present. Taking the three earthquake ground motions of Yangbi, Chi-Chi, and Loma Prieta as inputs, and modeling based on Perform-3D, this research carried out the seismic dynamic time history analysis of an RC (reinforced concrete) frame structure and a brick-concrete structure under both horizontal and vertical working conditions. The results showed that vertical components of the three ground motions had no evident impact on the top horizontal displacement and acceleration of the two types of structures. Among the three ground motions, the vertical component of Yangbi ground motion has largely influenced the top vertical displacement, acceleration, and axial force of the frame column bottom (or masonry wall bottom). The vertical component had different amplification effects on the axial pressure and the bending moment of a single column at the bottom of the RC frame structure, thus causing resonance amplification effect of the brick-concrete structure floors and amplifying the vertical acceleration of the top floor. In addition, it considerably increase the maximum axial tensile strain of masonry walls and the possibility of faster tensile failure of the brick-concrete structure. Influence of vertical ground motion on the bearing capacity of RC frame structure’s columns and the brick-concrete structure’s masonry walls should not be ignored. The results of the research may provide a reference for the earthquake-resistant design of building structures, especially the earthquake-resistant design considering the vertical seismic effect.

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