Дисертації з теми "Ground Rules"
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Green, Dror. "Ground rules in online psychotherapy." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8508/.
Повний текст джерелаBonac, Vesna A. "Unconscious communication of children in psychotherapy : analysis of sessions with respect to variables pertaining to Langsian ground rules of psychotherapeutic relationship." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30372.
Повний текст джерелаEducation, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
Wåhlin, Linnéa. "De ska föregå med gott exempel! : En undersökning om elevers syn på lärares förhållningssätt till ordningsfrågor - disciplin, regler och konsekvenshantering." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3432.
Повний текст джерелаThere are very few studies that have taken the matter of teacher’s leadership in disciplinary actions into research. That is why the purpose of this essay has been to investigate the relationship of how students think their teachers appear in questions of discipline. The study has been narrowed down to gather and analyze the experiences that students have about teachers, and how teachers uphold and set themselves to ground rules in the classroom. The study has shown how the students interpret teacher’s act of following up consequences of classroom rules. It has also shown that the pupils get a feeling and believe that teachers think they’re above the rules that actually have been created by them selves. Nor are the teachers consequent enough in following up the rules that has been placed to follow in the classroom. Conclusively the teacher’s rules are not for the teachers while it is they who should set an example.
The report is based on researching material, consisting of a questionnaire with complementary interviews. The participants are 70 students who currently stay in the grades four and five at a countryside school in the outskirts of southern Stockholm. The research material is very detailed with a high validity and reliability.
McHugh, Kathleen M. "Western water law and the stream-aquifer system and how models are used to determine permitting and compliance of rules governing ground and surface water interaction." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0234_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSaÌnchez, Brigido Rodrigo E. "Groups, rules and legal practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439314.
Повний текст джерелаHahsler, Michael, and Radoslaw Karpienko. "Visualizing association rules in hierarchical groups." Springer, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11573-016-0822-8.
Повний текст джерелаKoh, Yun Sing, and n/a. "Generating sporadic association rules." University of Otago. Department of Computer Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070711.115758.
Повний текст джерелаFiorentini, Gianluca. "Electoral rules, pressure groups' activities, and economic policies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357531.
Повний текст джерелаJusti, Steven. "Eliminating Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule: Internal Preparations for Implementation." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3792.
Повний текст джерелаHall, Jack Kingsbury Mathematics & Statistics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Some branching rules for GL(N,C)." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mathematics and Statistics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29473.
Повний текст джерелаDing, Xiuhua. "MODELING DEMENTIA RISK, COGNITIVE CHANGE, PREDICTIVE RULES IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/epb_etds/9.
Повний текст джерелаLowy, Elliott. "The evolution of the golden rule /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9017.
Повний текст джерелаLowe, Joshua Brian. "Quantifying Seismic Risk for Portable Ground Support Equipment at Vandenberg Air Force Base." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/269.
Повний текст джерелаLamboray, Claude. "Prudent ranking rules: theoretical contributions and applications." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210662.
Повний текст джерела
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sandgren, Anna. "Deciphering Unwritten Rules : Patients, relatives and nurses in palliative cancer care." Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Linnaeus University Press, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-2502.
Повний текст джерелаToner, Maureen M. "Decision rules for riparian vegetation: Predicting the distribution of plant functional groups from trait-environment relationships." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10200.
Повний текст джерелаDantale, Anish. "A Group Technology Based Approach for Application of Design for Manufacturability (DFM) Rules." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1455208900.
Повний текст джерелаKaufmann, Renee Monique. "TEACHER DISCLOSURE: DEVELOPING PRIVACY RULES, MANAGING BOUNDARIES AND BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/154.
Повний текст джерелаLinnell, Zyto Aron. "Rebels in rule: the wartime origins of tolerance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339188.
Повний текст джерелаPihlgren, Ann S. "Socrates in the Classroom : Rationales and Effects of Philosophizing with Children." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Education, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7392.
Повний текст джерелаKong, Guilan. "An online belief rule-based group clinical decision support system." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-online-belief-rulebased-group-clinical-decision-support-system(c31a65c7-60c3-4e7a-b18e-44fee95f7da1).html.
Повний текст джерелаHervas, Hermida Clara. "La notion d’action de groupe : étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100087.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to offer a specific notion of the idea of group litigation, in a procedural and comparative perspective. The mass consumer society in which we live has generated a style of litigation that involves a vast number of people. Grouping claimants together in a class action is meant to resolve this sort of litigation. But comparative law illustrates the complexity of the topic. A large number of different models of class action exist. Terminology is vast and often spans interchangeably terms such as group litigation, collective actions, class action, procedural models and pilot decisions. Each model shows different ways to solve the same problem. In spite of this, we can still find a specific framework with distinct and typical characteristics. However, this specific notion can only be procedurally based. Clearly, resolving this type of litigation must be viewed from this perspective. Judicial process is the way by which to protect rights and legal and legitimate interests without considering their nature. But it is at procedural level that protecting this type of situation raises the most problems. Class actions therefore naturally fall within this legal discipline, and bring to light a specific idea that makes the judge the linchpin when deciding the outcome of litigation
Gullekson, Nicole L. "Should Expatriates Really “Do as the Romans Do?” An Examination of Status and Emotional Display Rules in Intercultural Work Contexts." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273242833.
Повний текст джерелаSkoll, Jake. "The Impact of the 2010 Home Grown Rule on EPL Club Success." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1930.
Повний текст джерелаZama, Anri. "A Relevance Rule Organizing Responsive Behavior During Projectably Multi-Unit Tellings." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2750.
Повний текст джерелаGankin, Dimitri. "Direct tax: Cross-border group consolidation in the EU : Is the criterion of a “wholly owned subsidiary” in Swedish tax legislation regarding cross-border group deductions contrary to ECJ jurisprudence?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19502.
Повний текст джерелаvan, 't Hooft Joseph. "The Development and Evolution for the Justification of the Use of Lethal Force in Legislation." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1556887597743281.
Повний текст джерелаKhanamiryan, Marianna. "Numerical methods for systems of highly oscillatory ordinary differential equations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226323.
Повний текст джерелаVrbová, Alžběta. "Sestavení konsolidované účetní závěrky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224816.
Повний текст джерелаSolluntsch, Viola. "Die Maasai, Chagga und Pare auf historischen Fotografien der Sammlung des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig." Universität Leipzig, 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33947.
Повний текст джерелаDieser Band präsentiert (in zwei Teilen) eine Studie von 218 historischen Fotografien der Sammlung des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig im Bezug auf drei ethnische Gruppen in Ostafrika - die Maasai, Chagga und Pare.
Drápalová, Klára. "Sestavení konsolidované účetní závěrky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319459.
Повний текст джерелаBelhaj, Mohamed Mohamed. "Renormalisation dans les algèbres de HOPF graduées connexes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22515/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the renormalization of Connes-Kreimer in the contex of specified Feynman graphs Hopf algebra. We construct a Hopf algebra structure $\mathcal{H}_\mathcal{T}$ on the space of specified Feynman graphs of a quantum field theory $\mathcal{T}$. We define also a doubling procedure for the bialgebra of specified Feynman graphs, a convolution product and a group of characters of this Hopf algebra with values in some suitable commutative algebra taking momenta into account. We then implement the renormalization described by A. Connes and D. Kreimer and the Birkhoff decomposition for two renormalization schemes: the minimal subtraction scheme and the Taylor expansion scheme.We recall the definition of Feynman integrals associated with a graph. We prove that these integrals are holomorphic in a complex variable D in the case oh Schwartz functions, and that they extend in a meromorphic functions in the case of a Feynman type functions. Finally, we determine the finite parts of Feynman integrals using the BPHZ algorithm after dimensional regularization procedure
Alam, Milea. "Nederländska ränteavdragsbegränsningsregler i Sverige?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Redovisning och Rättsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26757.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the fact that the Swedish tax authority had paid attention to the issues concerning tax avoidance with the use of interest deduction, the first Swedish rules on interest deduction limitations on intra-group loans were introduced for associated companies in 2009. These rules were inspired by the equivalent Dutch rules on interest deduction limitations. Since the tax avoidance continued, the scope of the Swedish interest deduction limitation rules were extended in 2013. However, it has been shown that due to the formulation and the scope of the current Swedish rules, the legislation causes both interpretation issues and continuing tax avoidance. This thesis aims at examining the outcome of introducing similar rules as the Dutch interest deduction limitation rules in Sweden, instead of the current Swedish legislation, in order to analyze which of these legislations that better fulfills the purpose of the Swedish rules on interest deduction limitations. The thesis shows that there are both similarities as well as differences, with regards to both the formulation and the scope, between the Swedish and the Dutch rules on interest deduction limitations. It appears in the thesis that the differences in every provision of the Dutch legislation do not provide a possible solution to the remaining issues with the Swedish rules on interest deduction limitations. The author of the thesis considers a mixed application, containing some current Swedish provisions and some selected provisions similar to the Dutch provisions, to better fulfill the purpose of the Swedish rules on interest deduction limitations.
Tesařová, Kateřina. "Konsolidovaná účetní závěrka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241619.
Повний текст джерелаAndersson, Martin, and Andreas Malm. "Kvittningsrätten inom fållan : En analys av reglernas förenlighet med den skatterättsliga neutralitetsprincipen." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Redovisning och Rättsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26855.
Повний текст джерелаJuly 1, 2013, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) announced a decision in a case concerning the right to set off of capital gains and losses on securities. The question that was raised in the case was whether the Swedish company had the right to set off their capital losses against capital gains arisen in the foreign part-owner taxable legal person. SAC decided to deny the company the right to set off due to lack of legal support. This decision raises questions, because companies that chooses to place securities in part-owner taxable legal persons gets less extended rights to set off, in comparison to if the securities had been placed directly in the Swedish company. By a closer examination of the possibilities to set off, it can be concluded that the right to set off of capital losses (not just capital gains) on securities in part-owner taxable legal persons are limited, in comparison to if the corresponding capital losses incurred directly in the Swedish com-pany. The limitations of capital losses on securities in part-owner taxable legal persons means that the capital losses should be subject to a quota of 70 % before set off can occur, which is not a requirement when capital losses incurred directly in the Swedish company. Furthermore, there is neither a carry forward rule nor an intra-group set off rule in Chap-ter 48. 27 § Swedish Income Tax Act (SITA), which exists if the capital losses incurred directly in the company according to Chapter 48. 26 § SITA. The question that arises is how these limitations stand in relation to the principle of neutrality where the taxpayer's choices should be controlled as little as possible by the legal tax system. Derogations from this principle can be made in order to coun-teract undesirable tax planning. By an overall assessment the writers consider that all limitations to set off of secu-rities owned via part-owner taxable legal persons are incompatible with the principle v of neutrality. The reason for this opinion is that a company who chooses to place securities via part-owner taxable legal persons is affected adversely from a tax per-spective in comparison to if the securities were owned directly by the Swedish com-pany itself. According to the writers, there is no sustainable justification for these limitations. The rules should therefore be amended so that the set off possibilities on securities owned via part-owner taxable legal persons should be as extensive as if the securities were owned directly by the Swedish company. The future existence of the set-off right on securities has been discussed by the legislature and the future will tell if it will be abolished or not.
Štěpánová, Markéta. "Rozšíření konsolidačního celku u vybraného koncernu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241493.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Fábio José Justo dos. "Sistemas de apoio à decisão em grupo multicritério : uma abordagem baseada em regras fuzzy." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7064.
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The use of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets theory applied to decision making process was initially proposed by Bellman and Zadeh (1970). Since then, the arisen of unstructured problems associated with multi-criteria characteristics and group decision making changed the way of dealing with these problems. The evolution of Decision Support Systems (DSS) allowed them, not only to provide data and information, but also to propose solutions to these problems. The goal of this work is to present a framework for the development of DSS that deal with Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making (MCGDM) problems through fuzzy rules. In this approach, we propose a method capable of automatically generating a Fuzzy Rule Base with multi-criteria characteristics for group decision making, that is, different influence degrees for each decider and different importance degrees assigned to each variable are considered in the model. This framework also contains a structural model of a Fuzzy System for Group Decision Support aiming at adding DSS characteristics found in literature to Fuzzy Systems. These characteristics include user/system interactivity and Model Management Subsystem (MMS) described in this work. Finally, a case study designed to validate the model is presented.
O uso da lógica fuzzy e da teoria de conjuntos fuzzy aplicadas ao processo de tomada de decisão foi proposto inicialmente por Bellman e Zadeh (1970). Desde então, os problemas não estruturados associados às características multicritério e de tomada de decisão em grupo alteraram sua forma de tratamento. A evolução presente nos Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão (SAD) fez com que estes sistemas deixassem de fornecer somente dados e informações e passassem também a propor soluções aos problemas analisados. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um framework para o desenvolvimento de SAD que tratem problemas classificados como Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making (MCGDM) com o uso de regras fuzzy. Dentro desta abordagem é apresentado um método capaz de gerar automaticamente uma Base de Regras Fuzzy com características multicritério para tomada de decisão em grupo, ou seja, os diferentes graus de influência de cada decisor e os diferentes graus de importância atribuídos por eles a cada variável são considerados no modelo. Este framework ainda contempla um modelo estrutural de um Sistema Fuzzy para Apoio à Decisão em Grupo com o objetivo de agregar aos sistemas fuzzy as características dos SAD descritas na literatura como, por exemplo, a capacidade de interatividade usuário/sistema e a presença do Subsistema de Gestão de Modelos (SGM), descritos neste trabalho. Por fim, um estudo de caso é realizado para validar o modelo apresentado.
Totková, Kamila. "Dopad nákupu obchodního podílu v dceřiné společnosti na ekonomickou situaci konsolidovaného celku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319438.
Повний текст джерелаPovolná, Martina. "Volba vhodné právní formy pro ochotnický divadelní soubor." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206528.
Повний текст джерелаRawat, Rakesh. "User behaviour modelling in a multi-dimensional environment for personalization and recommendation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48135/1/Rakesh_Rawat_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOlsson, Sanna. "Koncernbidragsspärren - En analys av gällande rätt ur ett företagsperspektiv." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19299.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to the Swedish legislation tax losses can normally be carried forward and settled against future profits in the same company unlimited of time. However, a restriction of losses being carried forward may occur in situations where change of ownership is at hand. The restrictive rule prohibits offsetting tax losses in an acquired loss-making company against group contributions received from other group companies. The restrictive rule applies up until, and including, the end of the fifth year after the year when the restriction occurred. However, losses that occur after the change of ownership are possible to offset against group contributions from other group companies. The thesis aims to analyze and review the restrictive rule from a business perspective which means that the underlying purpose of the restrictive rule and how it works in practice is examined. The thesis has a particular focus on in what order group contributions should be considered when being offset against existing deficits when the deficit company receives group contributions from old and new companies in the corporate group. In the Swedish case law RÅ 2008 ref. 69 the Supreme Administrative Court laid down a new principle of order where group contributions from an old company should be regarded before a group contribution from a new company. Through the analysis of the restrictive rule it has been demonstrated that the rule is difficult to conform to and that there is an uncertainty regarding the interpretation of it. Through the analysis of this thesis it is established that, even after RÅ 2008 ref. 69, the complexity of problems remains concerning in what order group contributions from old respectively new companies should be considered when being offset against existing deficits. A such prescribed uncertainty regarding the interpretation of the restrictive rule cannot be considered satisfactory from a business perspective and a review of the rules would be preferable.
Calisti, Matteo. "Differential calculus in metric measure spaces." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21781/.
Повний текст джерелаCohen, Jérémie. "Stratégies diagnostiques des pharyngites de l'enfant : du test de diagnostic rapide aux règles de décision clinique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S011/document.
Повний текст джерелаBackground – The roles of rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) and clinical prediction rules (CPR) for the diagnosis of group A streptococcus (GAS) in children with pharyngitis vary across international clinical guidelines. This might be related to unstable diagnostic accuracy of RADTs and insufficient validation of CPRs. Methods – In a prospective multicenter (n=17) office-Based study that took place in France within the ACTIV network between 2009 and 2011, 1776 children with pharyngitis or healthy controls underwent throat swabs to perform a RADT and a throat culture (reference standard). We assessed the independent effect of patient- and physician-Level characteristics on the accuracy of a RADT, systematically re-Analyzed RADT false-Positive results, and externally validated and compared existing CPRs. Results – RADT sensitivity (overall 87%) varied according to clinical signs and symptoms, bacterial inoculum size and GAS throat carriage (factors also related to each other), and according to physician-Level characteristics (including type of clinical practice). RADT negative predictive value was high (about 90%) and stable. RADT false-Positives were positive for GAS when using a new PCR technique. No CPR had sufficient performances regarding calibration and discrimination. Conclusions – RADTs are sufficient for diagnosing GAS pharyngitis if clinicians accept diagnostic accuracy monitoring and adequate training when needed. No CPR can be recommended for use in pediatrics
Bradburn, Suzie. "Les systèmes d'échanges locaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0280.
Повний текст джерелаBorn in France in 1994 in the rural areas in reply to a difficult economic situation, Local ExchangesSystems became an alternative of the dominant economic model, which enables members to exchange goods,services and know-how thanks to a conventional currency based upon time, which is a competitive licit solutionof the existing legal currency.The fear of seeing people using the LES to hide a remunerative econonomical activity would be taken away assoon as a clear distinction is made between private-members, who take part in exchanges occasionally to add asmall additionnal income, and those who become professional by developping a permanent and lucrative activitywithin professional conditions. This category of members must abide by the same rule that applies toprofessionals, subject to sanctions.In order to organize the exchanges, the members can use a legal structure. This would give them the necessaryhelp for their development by providing a catalogue of offers and demands and the creation of a multilateralcurrent account. Even if a type of company structure is possible, an association is better adapted for the needs ofthe legal organization of the LES. It corresponds to their non lucrative and philosophical goals based uponhuman values and solidarity
Leclercq, Sidney. "Resilience of Fragility: International Statebuilding Subversion at the Intersection of Politics and Technicality." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258442.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rovere, Martina. "Étude fonctionnelle de la famille des facteurs de transcription ERF-VIIs chez Medicago truncatula : régulateurs clés de l’adaptation au manque d’oxygène." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4037/document.
Повний текст джерелаLegume crops are known for their capacities to establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing soil bacteria. This mutualism culminates in the formation of a new plant organ, the root nodule, in which the symbiont converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia, which can be directly consumed by plants. In nodules, bacterial nitrogenase enzyme is inhibited by traces of oxygen (O2) so different mechanisms maintain this organ at low O2 level. At the same time, nodules need to maintain a high ATP level to support the nitrogenase activity, which is highly energy demanding. Thus, a balance between a tight protection from O2 and an efficient energy production, referred as the “O2 paradox” of N2-fixing legume nodules, has to be reached. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a direct oxygen sensing mechanism has recently been discovered involving members of the ethylene responsive factors (ERFs) group VII. These transcription factors (TFs) possess a characteristic N-terminal amino acid with a cysteine residue at the second position that, under normal O2 conditions, leads to protein degradation following a specific pathway called the N-end rule pathway. Furthermore, it was shown that both O2 and nitric oxide (NO) are required to destabilize the ERFs VII and that a reduction in the availability of either gas is sufficient to stabilize these proteins. Therefore, the goal of this thesis was to investigated the role of ERF-VII family in O2 sensing and adaptation to hypoxia in M. truncatula, model plant for legumes, and to understand how NO interacts with O2 in hypoxic signalization in the microoxic environment that characterizes the nodule. We identified four genes belonging to the ERF-VII TF family in the M. truncatula genome, which present a strong similarity with ERF-VII of Arabidopsis. The characterization of this family at the transcriptional level revealed that only MtERF-B2.2 is up-regulated by hypoxia stress and during nodule development. The three others, MtERF-B1.1, MtERF-B1.11 and MtERF-B2.3 are found constitutively expressed in leaves, roots and nodules. To investigated the protein stability of MtERF-B2.1, the closest orthologous to AtRAP2.12 described as O2-sensors in Arabidopsis, in function of O2/NO availability, we realized a fusion protein with the luciferase reporter protein. Our results on Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that the N-terminal part of MtERF-B2.1 drives its O2-dependent degradation by the N-end rule pathway. The function of MtERF-B2.1 and MtERF-B2.11 was also investigated both in response to hypoxia stress and during the nodulation process using an RNA interference strategy. Silencing of MtERFB2.1 and MtERF-2.11 showed a significant lower activation of several core hypoxia-responsive genes such as ADH1, PDC1, nsHb1 and AlaAT. These double knock-down transgenic roots were also affected in symbiotic interaction with a significant reduction of the nodulation capacity and nitrogen fixation activity in mature nodules. Overall, the results reveal that O2 sensing mechanism is mediated by ERF-VIIs in M. truncatula roots and nodules and that this mechanism, together with downstream targets, is involved in the organ development and ability to efficiently fix nitrogen. Furthermore, results indicated that MtERF-B2.1/B2.11 are positive regulator of the anaerobic metabolism and the Hb-NO cycle– related genes likely in order to activate alternative ATP generation pathways
Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
Повний текст джерелаFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
Kurek, Mario. "Konsolidace účetní závěrky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224670.
Повний текст джерелаSawadogo, Pegdéwendé Nestor. "Fiscal policy and financing for development in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD007.
Повний текст джерелаThe central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions
Dugrand, Camille. "Prendre la rue : politique de la citadinité vagabonde en Afrique : les Shégués de Kinshasa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010334.
Повний текст джерелаBased on several field works in Kinshasa, the object of the thesis is the trajectories of « Shégués », these young city-dwellers who take a « different » path in the streets of the congolese megapolis. By « taking » the street and living in it they, diverge of conventional forms of existence under a roof in a family and throw themselves in a wandering urban adventure which generates both constraints and alternatives. In contrast to dominant discources that tend to represent them as marginal, isolated and inaudible « street children », it appears that Shégués are essential figures of the urban experience in Kinshasa. Subjected to a life full of constraint and uncertainty, they gather aroud new forms of sociability that can be seen as ways to support each other, forms of violence but also as alternative opportunities to « exist ». They can also constitute forms of distinction and even lead to the rise of famous and renowed people. The Shégués create a street culture that paves the way to heterogeneous interactions with other city dwellers and sometimes an incorporation of urban networks of power. Their social differenciation entails a process of stigmatization along a series of constraints. It also provides additional opportunities to have agency in the city and even reach some forms of popularity and prestige. How do they have agency on the city? What do they tell us on the youth’s perspectives of personal accomplishement in Kinshasa today? What are the political effects of the violence they both exert and endure? Do they produce a counter-hegemonic culture? Or do their actions tend to reinforce a violent political order? What are the social frontiers between these young actors and other city-dwellers? Do they shape a culture of subversion and protest? The trajectories of Shégués shed light on the ambivalence of a youth sub-culture, totally reliant on its local environment to urvive and that reclaim the codes established by the dominant sectors of society while challenging the exclusion they endure. While they can appear to reinforce the current « top-down » social order, the Shégués also shape new subversive and contentious life styles in a evolving megapolis, itself generating new norms and new ways of life and survival. In the end, the Shégués assert their role as actors of urban dynamic that keeps creating new figures of legitimacy and prestige while continuously reformulating new imagineries of alternative life possibilities. They express the critical and political ambition of their wandering life that contribute to « citadinity » in Kinshasa but also impact it. They do so by reinventing the ways to teverse their destiny and eventually gain acess to « another life »