Статті в журналах: "Grinding additive"

1

Paramasivam, R., and R. Vedaraman. "Studies in additive grinding of minerals." Advanced Powder Technology 3, no. 1 (1992): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8831(08)60686-x.

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2

Denkena, Berend, Alexander Krödel, Jan Harmes, Fabian Kempf, Tjorben Griemsmann, Christian Hoff, Jörg Hermsdorf, and Stefan Kaierle. "Additive manufacturing of metal-bonded grinding tools." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 107, no. 5-6 (March 2020): 2387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05199-9.

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3

Takahashi, H., Y. B. Tian, Y. Mikami, J. Shimizu, Li Bo Zhou, Y. Tashiro, H. Iwase, and S. Kamiya. "Effect of Wheel Additive On Chemo-Mechanical Grinding (CMG) of Single Crystal Si Wafer." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.106.

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Chemo-mechanical grinding (CMG) process is a promising process for large-sized Si substrate fabrication at low cost. However, effect of additive in CMG wheel is not completely understood yet. In this paper, three different CMG wheels were developed, in which one excluded additive and the other two contained two kinds of additive i.e. silicon dioxide and sodium carbonate. Grinding experiments were conducted to explore the influence of exclusion of additive and inclusion of different kinds of additive on CMG performance. The grinding characteristics of the three wheels were also analyzed and discussed to reveal the roles of wheel compositions in CMG process. This work provides some fundamental insights for the selection of different types of additive for optimization of CMG wheel.

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4

Wang, Jian Feng, Dong Min Wang, Duan Le Li, Guan Bao Tang, and Cheng Du. "The Theoretical Research on Development Direction of Cement Grinding Aids." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.269.

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Cement grinding aids has been widely used in cement grinding process. The development of traditional compound cement grinding aids, such as triethanolamine and salts based has encountered a bottleneck. Synthesis of cement grinding aids can be improved by the molecular structure design of traditional cement grinding aids, or even lay aside the shackles of traditional cement additive and synthesize high-grinding effect, high performance and low cost cement grinding aids. In this paper, it has proposed two types of cement additives research direction，medium-small molecule and polymer synthesis system. Finally, it had introduced the application performance advantages of two new synthetic grinding aids, compared to triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine.

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5

Balan, Arunachalam S. S., Kannan Chidambaram, Arun V. Kumar, Hariharan Krishnaswamy, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Khaled Giasin, and Krzysztof Nadolny. "Effect of Cryogenic Grinding on Fatigue Life of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051245.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is replacing conventional manufacturing techniques due to its ability to manufacture complex structures with near-net shape and reduced material wastage. However, the poor surface integrity of the AM parts deteriorates the service life of the components. The AM parts should be subjected to post-processing treatment for improving surface integrity and fatigue life. In this research, maraging steel is printed using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process and the influence of grinding on the fatigue life of this additively manufactured material was investigated. For this purpose, the grinding experiments were performed under two different grinding environments such as dry and cryogenic conditions using a cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel. The results revealed that surface roughness could be reduced by about 87% under cryogenic condition over dry grinding. The fatigue tests carried out on the additive manufactured materials exposed a substantial increase of about 170% in their fatigue life when subjected to cryogenic grinding.

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6

Zhang, Hao Qiang, Xiao Ming Jia, and Fei Wang. "Study of Inhibition Function of Grinding Fluid Additive to Leaching Cobalt from Cemented Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.381.

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Grinding fluid is the essential supplementary material in cemented carbide grinding process. The amine-base additive can make cobalt leach from cemented carbide. Through grinding test, this paper mainly studies the influence of TEA-containing solution on cobalt leaching from cemented carbide and the leaching mechanism by SEM and AES, and then identifies the effective inhibitor. The results are as follows: (1) TEA additive can make cobalt leach from cemented carbide. (2) Additive of triethanolamine oleate in the solution can obviously inhibit the leaching of cobalt from cemented carbide. (3) Additive of benzotriazole in the solution can obviously inhibit the leaching of cobalt from cemented carbide. (4)The mixture of triethanolamine oleate, borax and benzotriazole has the best inhibition function. So it can conclude: The mixture of triethanolamine oleate, borax and benzotriazole can obviously reduce the leaching of cobalt from the cemented carbide, and reduce the danger of the fluid to human body.

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7

Zhou, Zhao Zhong, Kai Ping Feng, Bing Hai Lv, Hong Wei Fan, and Ju Long Yuan. "Analysis on Wear of Self-Sharpening Fine Super-Hard Abrasive Tool." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.528.

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In order to improve the efficiency of ultra-precision processing, the self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool is presented to reduce or eliminate the surface and subsurface defects and improve the process efficiency. In the study of efficient experimental research of self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool, base on single factor experiments such as additives composition, grinding speed, grinding pressure and processing liquid. The results showed that the wear rate of the self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool can reach appropriate rate when the additive concentration 30wt%, grinding pressure 45N, grinding speed 60rpm and processing liquid 1wt%.

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8

ENÜSTÜN, B. V., D. C. LIU, K. L. LIN, and R. MARKUSZEWSKI. "Use of a Surfactant as a Coal Grinding Additive." Coal Preparation 4, no. 3-4 (June 1987): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349348708945532.

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9

Tian, Chenchen, Yi Wan, Xuekun Li, and Yiming Rong. "Pore morphology design and grinding performance evaluation of porous grinding wheel made by additive manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 79 (July 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.04.024.

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10

SONG, Myoung Youp, and Eunho CHOI. "Effects of Milling in Hydrogen on Magnesium Hydride with a Hydride-Forming Titanium Additive." Materials Science 27, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.25056.

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A hydride-forming element titanium (Ti) was selected as an additive to improve the hydrogen uptake and release properties of MgH2. The hydrogen uptake and release properties of three Ti-added MgH2 alloys [named MgH2-xTi (x = 6, 12, and 15)] prepared by milling in hydrogen (reactive mechanical grinding) were investigated and those of MgH2-12Ti were studied in more detail because it had the highest initial hydrogen uptake and release rates and the largest quantities of hydrogen absorbed and released for 60 min. At the cycle number, n, of one (n = 1), MgH2-12Ti absorbed 4.01 wt.% H for 2.5 min and 6.39 wt.% H for 60 min at 573 K in 12 bar H2, having an effective hydrogen storage capacity of 6.39 wt.%. MgH2-12Ti released 0.44 wt.% H for 2.5 min and 1.86 wt.% H for 60 min at 593 K in 1.0 bar H2. γ-MgH2, TiH1.924, and MgO were formed during reactive mechanical grinding. We believe that the brute forces and tensile, compressive, or shear stresses, which are applied to the materials during reactive mechanical grinding, introduce imperfections, fabricate cracks, expose fresh and clean surfaces, decrease the particle size, and disperse the additive among the particles. The γ-MgH2, TiH1.924, and MgO formed during reactive mechanical grinding and their pulverization during reactive mechanical grinding are believed to make these effects stronger.

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11

Zaikin, Pavel A., Ok Ton Dyan, Innokenty R. Elanov, and Gennady I. Borodkin. "Ionic Liquid-Assisted Grinding: An Electrophilic Fluorination Benchmark." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195756.

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We demonstrated the influence of liquid additives on the rate and selectivity of mechanochemical fluorination of aromatic and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with F-TEDA-BF4. Substoichiometric catalytic quantities of ionic liquids speed up the reaction. We proposed an improved protocol for ionic liquids-assisted fluorination that allows easy and efficient isolation of fluorinated products by vacuum sublimation. A careful choice of additive results in high yields of fluorinated products and low E-factor for the overall process. Here, we report a benchmarking study of various ionic liquids in comparison with representative molecular solvents. A lower viscosity of ionic liquid additive is typically associated with higher yields and a higher degree of difluorination. Ionic liquids with fluorous anions (triflate and triflimide) are shown to be the most efficient catalysts for ionic liquid-assisted grinding.

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12

Miethke, Lina, Paul Prziwara, Jan Henrik Finke, and Sandra Breitung-Faes. "Opposing Effects of Additives in Dry Milling and Tableting of Organic Particles." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091434.

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Applying additives and excipients during the dry processing of fine particles is a common measure to control the particle–particle interactions, to specifically influence the powder properties and to enhance the process efficiency or product quality. In this study, the impacts of a particulate lubricant, a nano-disperse flow additive and liquid grinding aids on the dry fine milling and subsequent tableting of the ground material were investigated for three different organic model compounds. It is presented that the three additive classes cause varying and partly opposing effects during these process steps. Especially the lubricant and the grinding aids were shown to increase the efficiency of the milling process as well as the product fineness of the ground material, and to avoid critical product adhesions on the machine surfaces. Thereby, stable and efficient grinding conditions were partially not possible without the addition of such additives. However, as these positive effects are attributed to a reduction of the adhesive forces between the particles, much lower tablet strengths were achieved for these additives. This propagation of powder, and in turn, final product properties over whole process chains, has not been studied in detail so far. It was further revealed that the material behavior and the microstructure of the product particles is decisive for the processing as well, which is why additive effects may be product-specific and can even be suppressed under certain processing conditions. In comparison to the process performances, the powder properties and surface energies of the product particles were less influenced by the additives. On the contrary, particle-based morphologies or deformation behavior seem to play a major role in comparison to inorganic materials. Thus, it can be stated that global bulk properties and surface energies provide first indications of powder behavior and susceptibility. However, additional specific properties need to be evaluated to more clearly understand the influences of additives.

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13

HIRANO, Takamasa, Tatsuya FURUKI, and Makoto NIIKAWA. "Investigation on grinding characteristics of metal additive manufactured maraging steel." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): S1320105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.s1320105.

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14

Yalamaç, Emre, and Sedat Akkurt. "Additive and intensive grinding effects on the synthesis of cordierite." Ceramics International 32, no. 7 (January 2006): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.06.006.

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15

Zhang, Bo, Bin Shi Xu, Yi Xu, Xiao Li Wang, and Yang Zhao. "Tribological Behavior of Nano-Silicate Mineral Powder as Lubrication Oil Additive." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.488.

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The tribological behavior and the mechanism of nano-silicate mineral powder as lubrication oil additive were researched in the article. The tribological behavior of nano-silicate mineral powder with mass ratio 0.6% in lubrication oil 50CC was tested and compared with the lubrication oil 50CC’s by friction wear testing machine. The surface morphologies and elementary compositions of grinding cracks were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS).The results showed that the friction coefficient is decreased 37.5%, and the lost mass of the upper proof sample reduces 68.75%, the down’s reduces 86.7%, after adding nano-silicate mineral as lubrication oil additive, by comparison to lubrication oil 50CC’s. Under the lubrication oil which has been putted nano-silicate mineral as additive, there is a repairing layer whose material is different from basal body material on the grinding cracks; in addition, Si, Mg and other elements are deposited on the repairing layer. These state that nano-silicate mineral as lubrication oil additive possesses superior behavior of wear resistance, antiwear and self-repairing effects.

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16

Macko, M., D. Łączny, and J. Lewandowski. "Selection of parameters during shredding of corn stalks as an additive to the polymer." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012061.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of research on the process of grinding dried corn stalks to use them as polylactide filler. Shredding was carried out on a laboratory shredder with the use of a design variant based on discs with cylindrical holes. By selecting the design variant, the appropriate grinding speed and the material pressure on the shredder discs, the most favourable parameters in terms of the quality of the shredded product and low energy consumption were selected. The research was conducted to reduce the energy demand during the shredding process and to obtain the shredded material suitable for further processing steps.

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17

Tillmann, W., J. Zajaczkowski, I. Baumann, M. Kipp, and D. Biermann. "Qualification of the Low-pressure Cold Gas Spraying for the Additive Manufacturing of Copper–Nickel–Diamond Grinding Wheels." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 31, no. 1-2 (December 5, 2021): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01291-y.

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AbstractGrinding wheels are usually manufactured by powder metallurgical processes, i.e., by molding and sintering. Since this requires the production of special molds and the sintering is typically carried out in a continuous furnace, this process is time-consuming and cost-intensive. Therefore, it is only worthwhile for medium and large batches. Another influencing factor of the powder metallurgical process route is the high thermal load during the sintering process. Due to their high thermal sensitivity, superabrasives such as diamond or cubic boron nitride are very difficult to process in this way. In this study, a novel and innovative approach is presented, in which superabrasive grinding wheels are manufactured by thermal spraying. For this purpose, flat samples as well as grinding wheel bodies were coated by low-pressure (LP) cold gas spraying with a blend of a commercial Cu-Al2O3 cold gas spraying powder and nickel-coated diamonds. The coatings were examined metallographically in terms of their composition. A well-embedded superabrasive content of 12 % was achieved. After the spraying process, the grinding wheels were conditioned and tested for the grinding application of cemented carbides and the topographies of both the grinding wheel and the cemented carbide were evaluated. Surface qualities of the ground surface that are comparable to those of other finishing processes were reached. This novel process route offers great flexibility in the combination of binder and hard material as well as a cost-effective single-part and small-batch production.

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18

Okuyama, Shigeki, Akinori Yui, and Takayuki Kitajima. "Grinding Performance of a Grain-Arranged Diamond Wheel against Aluminum Alloys and Ti6Al4V." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.107.

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A grain-arranged diamond wheel was developed and grinding performance of the wheel against aluminum alloys and titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, has been investigated using various kinds of grinding fluid. Mirror finishing of aluminum alloys was successfully performed without grinding burn when emulsion-type grinding fluid with an extreme-pressure additive was used. When oil base lubricants or a fatty acid was supplied using a MQL supply unit, fine finishing could not be done. Mesh size of the grinding wheel had only a minor effect on surface roughness. When Ti6Al4V was ground by the developed wheel, an adhesion of work material on diamond grains occurred causing the finished surface to deteriorate.

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19

Noorduin, Wim L, Pim van der Asdonk, Hugo Meekes, Willem J P. van Enckevort, Bernard Kaptein, Michel Leeman, Richard M Kellogg, and Elias Vlieg. "Complete Chiral Resolution Using Additive-Induced Crystal Size Bifurcation During Grinding." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48, no. 18 (April 20, 2009): 3278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200806214.

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20

Noorduin, Wim L, Pim van der Asdonk, Hugo Meekes, Willem J P. van Enckevort, Bernard Kaptein, Michel Leeman, Richard M Kellogg, and Elias Vlieg. "Complete Chiral Resolution Using Additive-Induced Crystal Size Bifurcation During Grinding." Angewandte Chemie 121, no. 18 (April 20, 2009): 3328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200806214.

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21

Dhami, Harish Singh, Priti Ranjan Panda, and Koushik Viswanathan. "Production of powders for metal additive manufacturing applications using surface grinding." Manufacturing Letters 32 (April 2022): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2022.02.004.

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22

Kluge, Matt, Nautasha Gupta, Ben Watts, Paul A. Chadik, Christopher Ferraro, and Timothy G. Townsend. "Characterisation and management of concrete grinding residuals." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17744040.

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Concrete grinding residue is the waste product resulting from the grinding, cutting, and resurfacing of concrete pavement. Potential beneficial applications for concrete grinding residue include use as a soil amendment and as a construction material, including as an additive to Portland cement concrete. Concrete grinding residue exhibits a high pH, and though not hazardous, it is sufficiently elevated that precautions need to be taken around aquatic ecosystems. Best management practices and state regulations focus on reducing the impact on such aquatic environment. Heavy metals are present in concrete grinding residue, but concentrations are of the same magnitude as typically recycled concrete residuals. The chemical composition of concrete grinding residue makes it a useful product for some soil amendment purposes at appropriate land application rates. The presence of unreacted concrete in concrete grinding residue was examined for potential use as partial replacement of cement in new concrete. Testing of Florida concrete grinding residue revealed no dramatic reactivity or improvement in mortar strength.

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23

Qu, Guorui, Shiwei Zhou, Huiyao Wang, Bo Li, and Yonggang Wei. "Production of Ferronickel Concentrate from Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Ore by Non-Melting Reduction Magnetic Separation Process." Metals 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121340.

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The production of ferronickel concentrate from low-grade nickel laterite ore containing 1.31% nickel (Ni) was studied by the non-melting reduction magnetic separation process. The sodium chloride was used as additive and coal as a reductant. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting duration, reductant dosage, additive dosage, and grinding time on the grade and recovery were investigated. The optimal reduction conditions are a roasting temperature of 1250 °C, roasting duration of 80 min, reductant dosage of 10%, additive dosage of 5%, and a grinding time of 12 min. The grades of nickel and iron are improved from 2.13% and 51.12% to 8.15% and 64.28%, and the recovery of nickel is improved from 75.40% to 97.76%. The research results show that the additive in favor of the phase changes from lizardite phase to forsterite phase. The additive promotes agglomeration and separation of nickel and iron.

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24

Wu, Zhi Yuan, Shu Hui Wang, Xin Li Tian, and Shu Zhang. "The Blocking Mechanisms and Chemical Modification for Alkane Grinding Fluid Applied for Si₃N₄ Ceramic Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.569.

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A series of experiment were performed to test the cleaning ability of different alkane emulsion for Si3N4 ceramic grinding. The experiment results showed that the adsorption film surface of nonpolar alkane have strong attraction to Si3N4 abrasive dust, which will make abrasive dust to gather at the grinding area and finally led to jam. To add alkane grinding fluid with polar organic substances is beneficial to decrease jam. The best additive for anti block is which integrate hydrophobic group and hydrophilic group, both are indispensable.

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25

HAMADA, Kenji, Shin-ichi YAMAMOTO, and Mamoru SENNA. "The Effects of a Volatile Additive on the Dry Grinding of Talc." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 32, no. 11 (1995): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.32.804.

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26

Lavanya, T. D., and V. E. Annamalai. "Design of an eco-friendly coolant for grinding using anti-bacterial additive." International Journal of Sustainable Design 1, no. 3 (2010): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsdes.2010.036974.

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27

Filonova, N. N., M. K. Sadygova, T. V. Kirillova, and I. Yu Kanevskaya. "OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS AND MODES OF GRAIN GRINDING BY ADDITIVE CONVOLUTION METHOD." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 7 (2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-7-181-188.

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28

Trojan, Karel, Václav Ocelík, Jiří Čapek, Jaroslav Čech, David Canelo-Yubero, Nikolaj Ganev, Kamil Kolařík, and Jeff T. M. De Hosson. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured H13 Tool Steel." Metals 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020243.

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Hot working tool steel (AISI H13) is one of the most common die materials used in casting industries. A die suffers from damage due to friction and wear during its lifetime. Therefore, various methods have been developed for its repair to save costs to manufacture a new one. A great benefit of laser additive manufacturing (cladding) is the 3D high production rate with minimal influence of thermal stresses in comparison with conventional arc methods. Residual stresses are important factors that influence the performance of the product, especially fatigue life. Therefore, the aim of this contribution is to correlate the wide range of results for multilayer cladding of H13 tool steel. X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments were performed to fully describe the residual stresses generated during cladding. Additionally, in-situ tensile testing experiments inside a scanning electron microscope were performed to observe microstructural changes during deformation. The results were compared with local hardness and wear measurements. Because laser cladding does not achieve adequate accuracy, the effect of necessary post-grinding was investigated. According to the findings, the overlapping of beads and their mutual tempering significantly affect the mechanical properties. Further, the outer surface layer, which showed tensile surface residual stresses and cracks, was removed by grinding and surface compressive residual stresses were described on the ground surface.

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29

Zeidler, Henning, Rezo Aliyev, and Florian Gindorf. "Efficient Finishing of Laser Beam Melting Additive Manufactured Parts." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040106.

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In many cases, the functional performance of additively manufactured components can only be ensured by finishing the functional surfaces. Various methods are available for this purpose. This paper presents a procedure for selecting suitable processes for finishing laser beam melting additive–manufactured parts which is ultimately based on technological knowledge. It was experimentally proven that the use of several consecutive finishing processes is beneficial to achieve better surface quality. One finishing process chain was particularly effective (namely particle blasting/vibratory grinding/plasma electrolytic polishing) and the technological limits of this method were investigated in this study. The optimal parameters for this process combination ensured a surface roughness Sa < 1 µm.

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30

Zhanikulov, N. N., T. M. Khudyakova, B. T. Taimassov, B. K. Sarsenbayev, M. S. Dauletiarov, A. S. Kolesnikov, and R. O. Karshygayev. "Receiving Portland Cement from Technogenic Raw Materials of South Kazakhstan." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 21, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj890.

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A method of producing portland cement using the wastes of enrichment of polymetallic ores of "Achpolymetal" (Kentau, Kazakhstan) in the amount of 0.5 to 2.5% as a mineralizing additive in the raw mixture is proposed. This allows the clinker to be produced at a lower temperature (1300–1350 °C), resulting in lower fuel consumption and higher furnace productivity. The experimental clinker is better subjected to grinding, the electric power consumption for grinding cement decreases, the grinding bodies of cement mills decrease. In the waste, there are catalytic and modifying elements. Studies have shown that in the no-added raw mix the clinker formation processes are completed at 1450 °C. When 0.5 to 2.0% of the tailings are introduced, the complete binding of CaO is completed at 1400 °C, with the addition of 2.5% of tailings, lime binding is completed at 1300 or 150 °C lower than in the control non-additive raw mixture. In clinkers, only 1.09–1.32 % of free lime remains. The strength of cement when introduced into the raw mix from 0.5 to 2.0% of barite waste is increased. The compressive strength at 28 days of age for cement with an optimum dosage of 1‒2% of the tail increases from 414 kg/cm2 to 430‒432 kg/cm2 or by 3.9‒4.3%. Similarly, the strength of steamed samples increases by 4.7‒5.7%.

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31

Qiu, Yanfei, Hui Huang, and Xipeng Xu. "Effect of additive particles on the performance of ultraviolet-cured resin-bond grinding wheels fabricated using additive manufacturing technology." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 97, no. 9-12 (June 2, 2018): 3873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2231-3.

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32

Zhang, Jishu, and Huihui Ding. "Preparation and properties of negative ion functional cotton knitted fabric." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502110591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250211059183.

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In order to develop negative ion functional cotton knitting products with good performance, tourmaline powder was selected as the anion additive, and the anion functional finishing of cotton knitting products was carried out by the two-dip and two-rolling process. The microstructures of tourmaline powder and anion functional cotton fabric were observed, their anion emissions were measured, and the influences of particle size and amount of anion additive on the finishing effect were discussed. The results showed that, after grinding, the particle size of tourmaline powder decreased to different degrees and its distribution was more uniform. The negative ion emission of tourmaline powder was enhanced compared with that before grinding. The properties of cotton knitted fabric treated with ground negative ion additive were better than those treated with non-ground one. The contents of negative ion additive and modification temperature both have great influence on the amount of anion emission of finished cotton fabric. The anion functional cotton fabric had certain washing durability and needs to be improve.

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33

Matys, Elena, Yury Deniskin, Ekaterina Stativa, and Dmitriy Shlychkov. "Special features of obtaining fine powders for additive technologies." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199102037.

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The paper discusses some issues of fine powders production technologies adjustment. These powders can be used in concrete mixtures for 3D building printers. The work proposes the implementation of vibrational sieves which use the dry method of sifting fine and ultra-fine powders with high performance and efficiency. In this technology, ground material is removed from the mill which prevents the material from consolidation and the grinding process from the slowdown. The paper focuses on a new type of equipment able to withstand overload conditions of up to 30g. It is lightweight, compact, it does not require filters, cyclones, high-pressure fans, sluice feeders. Its sieves do not clog and do not require tightening which considerably simplifies and reduces the cost of operation.

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34

Konovalova, Natalia, Elena Rush, Dmitry Bespolitov, and Pavel Pankov. "Soil concrete based on waste of heat power engineering and siftings of rock grinding." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914005015.

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The possibility of recycling large-tonnage waste of heat power engineer-ing and mining industry in road construction is shown. Compositions of road-building materials were researched, containing siftings of rock grinding, fly ash, Portland cement, modified with a stabilizing additive of polymeric nature. X-ray phase analysis showed availability of quartz in fly ash, calcite, feldspars, goethite and X-ray amorphous phase, what is consistent with the data of infrared spectroscopy. By atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma it was revealed that fly ash is latent-active and can be disposed in compositions in the presence of a stabilizing additive. The X-ray phase analysis of grinding siftings showed that it contains quartz, feldspars, chlorite, calcite and dolomite. The specific activity of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40К) of fly ash and grinding siftings was 248 and 110 Bq/kg, which allows using such waste in construction without restrictions. It was revealed that the initial mineral raw materials belong to multiphase polymineral systems; therefore, when modifying them with stabilizing additives, binding of finely divided particles should be taken into account. It was revealed that the optimal content of Portland cement and fly ash in samples is 8 and 10 wt.%. It was found that an increase in the mass fraction of fly ash in the composition of soil-concrete up to 30 wt.% leads to softening of the samples and a decrease in their strength characteristics.

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35

İsmail Tosun, Yıldırım, and Fethullah Chichek. "MICROWAVE ACTED MICRO GRINDING OF ŞIRNAK ASPHALTITE SLIME, LIGNITE SLIME." Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 9, no. 20 (March 25, 2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.38065/euroasiaorg.926.

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In terms of the advanced technological developments in energy production the low quality coals need the most feasible technologies. it is possible to produce coal-derived products from low quality coals. On the contrary of environmental concerns of low quality coal burning, coal preparation, grinding and washing of various type of low quality coals need feasible evaluation. The grinding systems are needed in today's modern technology. In this fine grinding study, Hardgrove and Bond grindability tests are practiced over Şırnak shale, Şırnak asphaltites and bottom ash. Grinding tests ere carried out to certain weight samples conditioned in microwave oven at the fine size values in the product. The duration period are changed after grinding for 60 and 90 minutes. Şırnak asphaltite and Şırnak shale were dry milled in two different horizontal and vertical roller mills in different micro-grinders and the fineness values of 20 μm and 45 μm are determined and compared. The unit energy consumption for different types of clinker production in industrial mills has been calculated and presented comparatively. The differences in the grindability of raw materials and the amount of energy consumed in cement production were determined by experimental and industrial tests. The easiest to grind is Şırnak asphaltite and shale, while the most difficult to grind is marl. As a result of the HGI and Bond tests, they are the decisive tests in industrial-scale grinding of cement. Since materials that are easy to grind are evaluated, it has been observed in this study that clinkers with additives produced using claystone are more advantageous. Micronized grinding of soft limestone instead of marly limestone has proven to be easy. The particle size functions in the micro pulp are defined in the vertical ball mill. In the production of additive Portland cement, micronized grinding of oak charcoal and fly ash with microwave requires less energy and can be grinded more easily.

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36

Hasegawa, Masahiro, Mitsumasa Kimata, and Masakazu Yaguchi. "Effect and Behavior of Liquid Additive Molecules in Dry Ultrafine Grinding of Limestone." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 42, no. 3 (2005): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.42.178.

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37

Kizgut, S., D. Cuhadaroglu, and S. Samanli. "Stirred Grinding of Coal Bottom Ash to Be Evaluated as a Cement Additive." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, no. 16 (June 23, 2010): 1529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030902780378.

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38

Bhagat, Ram Pravesh, S. K. Sil, and J. P. Srivastava. "Effect of polymeric additive and other variables on efficiency of grinding of limestone." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 111, no. 3 (December 2002): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037195502766647093.

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39

Ji, Hai-bin, Zhi-wei He, Sha-sha Song, and Zeng-dian Zhao. "Scalable preparation of functionalized graphite nanoplatelets via magnetic grinding as lubricity-enhanced additive." Journal of Central South University 23, no. 11 (November 2016): 2800–2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3343-2.

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40

Šubrt, Jan, Jose M. Criado, Lórant Szatmáry, Maria J. Diánez-Millán, Nataliya Murafa, Luis A. Pérez-Maqueda, and Vlasta Brezová. "Mechanochemical Synthesis of Visible Light Sensitive Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst." International Journal of Photoenergy 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/156941.

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Phase transition of anatase nanoparticles into the phases TiO2-II and rutile under grinding was studied. The addition of ammonium carbamate to the reaction mixture inhibits the phase conversion and the cold welding of particles. The UV-visible absorption spectrum showed narrowing the band gap width after grinding with an ammonium carbamate additive resulting in shift of the light absorption of the ground sample towards the visible region. By EPR, intensive formation of OH•radical at irradiation of the sample with both UV (λ> 300 nm) and visible (λ> 435 nm) light was observed. High photocatalytic activity of the ground sample in visible light region was demonstrated also by measurement of kinetics of the photocatalytic decomposition of 4-chlorophenol.

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41

Jensen, Mathias Laustsen, Rasoul Mahshid, Greta D’Angelo, Jeppe U. Walther, Malte K. Kiewning, Jon Spangenberg, Hans Nørgaard Hansen, and David Bue Pedersen. "Toolpath Strategies for 5DOF and 6DOF Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194168.

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This paper introduces two new deposition-strategies for five degrees of freedom (5DOF) and 6DOF extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM), called the tool path projection- and parent-child-approach, respectively. The tool path projection method can be automated, and allows for the generation of concentric shells layers, which remedy geometrical deviations (known as the stair-case effect) that are typically seen in 3DOF AM processes that potentially require secondary post treatment by machining or grinding of the final part. In the parent-child approach, the designer specifies the manufacturing direction for each distinct feature, thereby helping to remove the need for support material, as well as enabling new features to be dynamically added to the part.

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42

Khaliullin, Marat, and Alsu Gilmanshina. "The effect of ground limestone on the properties of composite gypsum binder using thermally activated clay as a pozzolanic component." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127404006.

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The purpose of this research is to study the effect of methods of preliminary preparation of thermally activated clay, which is a pozzolanic component in water-resistant composite gypsum binders, as well as the effect of mechanochemical activation in the joint grinding of thermally activated clay with the addition of a plasticizer on the pozzolanic activity and the change in the required number of pozzolanic component in the composition of composite gypsum binders. It was found that the required amount of thermally activated clay as pozzolanic component in the gypsum-cement-pozzolan composition when ground to specific surfaces of 200-500 m2/kg together with the addition of Melflux 2651 F plasticizer, based on the exclusion of conditions for the formation of an unacceptable amount of ettringite, decreases by 20-25% compared with the use of thermally activated clay ground without the introduction of a plasticizer. The optimal amount of Melflux 2651 F plasticizer introduced by grinding with thermally activated clay has been determined. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact that the use of the technology of obtaining composite gypsum binders of grinding thermally activated clay to a certain dispersion with the introduction of a plasticizer additive due to the effect of mechanochemical activation makes it possible to reduce the consumption of the pozzolanic component in the binder composition or energy consumption for grinding.

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43

Kaplan, Gökhan, Sadık Alper Yildizel, Selçuk Memiş, and Ali Uğur Öztürk. "The Optimization of Calcareous Fly Ash-Added Cement Containing Grinding Aids and Strength-Improving Additives." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8917059.

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This is an experimental study which explores the physical, mechanical, and economic factors involved in the production of type CEM II A-B/W cement. In this context, 4 cement additives were used in two different dosages (200 and 800 g/t). Class C fly ash was used for composite cement production at ratios of 5%, 20%, and 35%. It was shown that Blaine fineness increases with the increasing fly ash content. The use of fly ash at ratios of 5% and 20% was not found to have any unfavorable effects on the compressive strength at the early days. It is found that the use of additive for improving the early-age strength is preferable when fly ash is used. It is possible to produce Class 52.5 N cement using additives to improve early strength and 20% fly ash. Loss in strength was observed in cement mortars produced using glycol-based grinding aid. Increasing the dosage of chemical additive also led to loss in strength due to nonhomogeneous distribution of hydration products. As a result, grinding fly ash with clinker and the use of cement chemicals contribute to the cement sector in terms of sustainability. It is possible to produce cements with improved mechanical properties especially with the use of 20% fly ash.

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44

Troubitsin, M., N. Volovicheva, L. Furda та N. Skrypnikov. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE GRANULOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBMICRON ALUMINUM OXIDE IN α-FORM". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, № 12 (15 грудня 2021): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-12-84-97.

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Experimental studies of the influence of technological parameters of grinding alumina raw materials in a ball mill on the kinetics of the grinding process and the granulometric characteristics of activated alumina in the α-form have been carried out. It is found that the use of spherical grinding bodies leads to the formation of a specific four-modal granulometric composition with maxima: 0.5; 4.0; 50.0 and 400.0 microns, respectively. The disadvantage of using spherical grinding bodies is the uneven distribution of the introduced intensifier additive (PEG), which in turn causes adhesion of fine particles and the appearance of aggregates. This is especially pronounced at n = 100 rpm. When using grinding bodies of cylindrical shape, on the contrary, there is a tendency towards a bimodal nature of the distribution of particles with maxima in the regions of 0.4 and 4 μm, respectively, regardless of the rotation speed of the drum (n). The use of cylpebs does not provoke agglomeration of the fine particle fraction, which is observed in the case of spherical grinding bodies. When analyzing the kinetics of grinding alumina raw materials, two main stages of the process are identified. The first stage corresponds to the active fragmentation of large initial aggregates into constituent crystallites by the cleavage mechanism. The second stage corresponds to a change in the grinding mechanism from crushing to abrasion. It is found that carrying out the grinding process for 10 hours using cylindrical grinding bodies at n = 100 rpm and φ = 0.35 provides a high yield of the submicron fraction of the target product (1 μm) - up to 20 wt. %.

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45

Zhang, Guang Lei, Guo Qiang Qin, Yuan Hua Zhang, Pu Cheng, and Chang Tao Shao. "Fabrication and Characterization of a Feldspar-Alumina for Dental Ceramic." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.424.

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Feldspar-alumina dental ceramics were produced by impressed sintering method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. The machinability of the obtained alumina ceramics was evaluated by grinding capacity in the simulative grinding experiment. The results show that an appropriate amount of feldspar additive can reduce the sinter temperature and improve density, bending strength and machinability of alumina dental ceramics. Under 10 wt% feldspar and 1450 °C sinter temperature, the relative density and bending strength of ceramic reached 93.62% and 235MPa, respectively.

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46

Araujo, Antonio S., Ana C. F. Coriolano, Rafaely A. F. Bandeira, and Regina C. O. B. Delgado. "Preparation and Compressive Strength Evaluation of Concrete Containing Oil Sludge as Additive." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.148.

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Concretes were prepared containing oil sludge additive to produce new materials for construction. The oil sludge and concrete have previously been characterized in terms of chemical composition of the elements present in the materials. The concrete blocks were produced with a defined amount of oily sludge of 3.0 mass% on cement/water factor. All samples were cured at room temperature and then heated at 200 °C for 3 hours and 292 °C for 2h. The surfaces of the samples were subjected to previously grinding for the compressive strength testing. These tests were conducted in a press of 2000 kN load capacity. It was found that concrete containing additive showed a positive response in all the compressive strength tests, compared to concrete without the additive

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47

Mizobuchi, Akira, Takeshi Hamada, Atsuyoshi Tashima, Keita Horimoto, and Tohru Ishida. "Polishing Performance of a Recycled Grinding Wheel Using Grinding Wheel Scraps for the Wet Polishing of Stainless-Steel Sheets." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0060.

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The surfaces of large austenitic stainless-steel sheets, which have side lengths of at least 1 m a sheet thickness of at least 6 mm, used for food tanks and sliding plates in seismic isolation devices, must be finished to a mirror surface. Polishing is performed to improve the surface quality of such sheets and dry machining is typically applied. The problems associated with dry machining are the exhaust heat of machining and treatment of chips. A transition to wet machining is required to solve these problems. In our laboratory, we have developed a wet polishing machine and researched the selection of grinding wheels to develop wet polishing technology for large stainless-steel sheets. In this study, to reduce tool cost and reuse resources, we attempted to manufacture a recycled grinding wheel using snippets of grinding wheel scraps. A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution was used as the bonding agent for the recycled grinding wheel to reduce environmental load. To overcome the ease of dissolution of PVA in water, we attempted to improve the water resistance of the PVA aqueous solution by incorporating an organic titanium compound. This is one of our efforts to contribute to sustainable development goals. The results are summarized below. (1) A recycled grinding wheel was fabricated by kneading crushed pieces of grinding wheel scrap with a bonding agent. (2) The maintenance of the shape of the recycled grinding wheel was controlled by the concentration of the bonding agent. (3) The recycled grinding wheel with a PVA bonding agent was vulnerable to water. In contrast, the recycled grinding wheel to which the organic titanium compound was added exhibited improved water resistance. (4) The polishing of stainless-steel sheets using the plain PVA recycled wheel was relatively ineffective, but polishing using the recycled wheel with the titanium additive was comparable to polishing with a new grinding wheel.

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48

Tischer, Florentin, Björn Düsenberg, Timo Gräser, Joachim Kaschta, Jochen Schmidt, and Wolfgang Peukert. "Abrasion-Induced Acceleration of Melt Crystallisation of Wet Comminuted Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040810.

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Within this contribution, the effect of grinding media wear on the melt crystallisation of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is addressed. PBT was wet ground in a stirred media mill in ethanol using different grinding media beads (silica, chrome steel, cerium-stabilised and yttrium-stabilised zirconia) at comparable stress energies with the intention to use the obtained particles as feed materials for the production of feedstocks for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBF-AM). In PBF‑AM, the feedstock’s optical, rheological and especially thermal properties—including melt crystallisation kinetics—strongly influence the processability and properties of the manufactured parts. The influence of process parameters and used grinding media during wet comminution on the optical properties, crystal structure, molar mass distribution, inorganic content (wear) and thermal properties of the obtained powders is discussed. A grinding media-dependent acceleration of the melt crystallisation could be attributed to wear particles serving as nuclei for heterogeneous crystallisation. Yttrium-stabilised zirconia grinding beads proved to be the most suitable for the production of polymer powders for the PBF process in terms of (fast) comminution kinetics, unchanged optical properties and the least accelerated crystallisation kinetics.

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49

Zakharov, M. N., O. F. Rybalko, O. V. Romanova, B. R. Gelchinskiy, S. A. Il’inykh, and V. A. Krashaninin. "Influence of grinding on service properties of VT-22 powder applied in additive technologies." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 789 (January 2017): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/789/1/012070.

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50

Hasegawa, Masahiro, Mitsumasa Kimata, and Masakazu Yaguchi. "Effect and Behavior of Liquid Additive Molecules in Dry Ultrafine Grinding of Limestone [Translated]†." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 24 (2006): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.2006023.

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