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1
Limos, Aviva Gabriel, Kristine Joy Bernardo Mallari, Jongrak Baek, Hwansuk Kim, Seungwan Hong, and Jaeyoung Yoon. "Assessing the significance of evapotranspiration in green roof modeling by SWMM." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.130.
Анотація:
Abstract Green roof is a low impact development (LID) practice used to mitigate imperviousness in urban areas and to reduce flood risks. In order to have sufficient designs and accurate runoff predictions, computer models should be utilized with full understanding of green roofs' hydrologic processes. Evapotranspiration is usually considered important by researchers in the water balance modeling of a green roof. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) version 5.1 is widely utilized rainfall-runoff modeling software which has LID controls capable of modeling green roofs. A previous study has evaluated the performance of this model in green roof simulations for single events without considering evapotranspiration in its application, but attained negative outcomes. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the significance of considering evapotranspiration in producing accurate runoff simulations specifically using SWMM 5.1. The results of this study have shown that when evapotranspiration was not considered, simulations failed to agree with observed values, whereas when evapotranspiration was considered, simulated runoff volumes attained a very good fit with the observed runoff volumes proving the significance of evapotranspiration as an important parameter in green roof modeling.
2
Samouei, Sina, and Mehmet Özger. "Evaluating the performance of low impact development practices in urban runoff mitigation through distributed and combined implementation." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 6 (September 10, 2020): 1506–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.054.
Анотація:
Abstract Rapid urbanization and increasing impervious surfaces in cities lead to a serious reduction in infiltration rate of the surface and cause challenges in stormwater management. The Low Impact Development (LID) concept is considered as a potential solution for sustainable urban growth by contributing in urban flood mitigation. However, its effects on hydrologic response of the urbanized catchments, especially in broad scale implementation, are not fully understood and practically examined. In this study a hydrologic-hydraulic model of a small catchment was developed in EPA storm water management model (SWMM) program and calibrated and validated through field measurements. The hydrologic response of the catchment was investigated after replacing proportions of impervious surfaces with combinations of LID practices such as green roof, permeable pavement and bio-retention cell, through four land cover conversion scenarios and under five different designed storm events. The simulation results which are derived by comparison of outflow hydrographs between each scenario and conventional drainage system indicated that implementing 5–20% of LIDs has a noticeable impact on runoff peak flow and volume reduction, especially in storm events with shorter return periods. Also the runoff reduction trends show a linear response due to the increase in LID implementation ratio in the study area.
3
Oviedo Escobar, Nicolas, Andres Torres, Carlos Devia, and Angela Puentes. "Hydric attenuation of a green roof experimental assembly in Bogotá." Ambiente y Desarrollo 20, no. 38 (December 9, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.ayd20-38.hagr.
Анотація:
<p>En este estudio se evaluó la atenuación hídrica de un techo verde utilizando tres<br />indicadores: lag-time, coeficiente de escorrentía y volumen de agua retenida. Se<br />registraron siete eventos de lluvia y se evaluó su respuesta para dos tipos de plantas<br />—Pennisetum clandestinum y Melissa officinalis— y tres profundidades de sustrato (5,<br />10 y 15 cm), para un total de seis tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Los experimentos<br />se realizaron en el techo del edificio “Rafael Arboleda” de la Pontificia Universidad<br />Javeriana, Bogotá Colombia (4°37’43 .33’’, 74 º 03’46 .04 ‘’) a 2633 metros sobre el<br />nivel del mar. Máximos lag-time y coeficientes de escorrentía de 70 minutos y 0,1,<br />respectivamente. De la misma manera, se observaron volúmenes de retención<br />máximos cercanos al 100 %. Sin embargo, se evidenciaron variabilidades importantes<br />de estos resultados, los cuales se analizaron utilizando el análisis de correspondencias<br />múltiples y Anova: el tipo de planta y las características hidrológicas del evento de<br />lluvia (duración, intensidad máxima, intensidad media, nivel de drenado) tienen<br />influencias significativas sobre estas variabilidades.</p>
4
Oviedo Escobar, Nicolas, and Andres Torres. "Hydric Attenuation and Hydrological Benefits for Implementing Productive Green Roof in Soacha, Colombia." Ingenieria y Universidad 18, no. 2 (November 20, 2014): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.iyu18-2.hahb.
Анотація:
Este trabajo evalúa la atenuación hídrica de un techo verde productivo mediante tres indicadores: lag-time, coeficiente de escorrentía y porcentaje de retención volumétrica. Se utilizaron dos especies de plantas: una herbácea (Lactucasativa) y una crucífera (Raphanus sativus). Se registraron ocho eventos de lluvia en cuatro casas del barrio La Isla,en Soacha, Colombia (4° 34’ 22.3”, 74° 10’ 53.5”, 2701msnm). Se observaron retardos de la escorrentía hasta de 32 minutos, coeficientes equivalentes de escorrentía mínimos hasta de 0,1 y porcentajes de retención volumétrica máximos cercanos al 80 %. Se evaluaron los beneficioshidrológicos de implementar techos verdes comparando la infraestructura de drenaje requerida con techos verdes y sin estos, y calculando sus respectivas probabilidades de inundación en el área de estudio (barrio La Isla, Soacha,Colombia). Se simuló la respuesta del alcantarillado propuesto mediante la metodología de Monte Carlo, al implementar techos verdes en toda el área de estudio:el coeficiente de escorrentía se distribuyó aleatoriamente, siguiendo una distribución de Kernel correspondiente a los datos registrados en campo. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron ahorros cercanos al 22 % y una reducción del 35 % de las probabilidades de inundación.
5
She, Nian, and Joseph Pang. "Physically Based Green Roof Model." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 15, no. 6 (June 2010): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000138.
6
Jovanović, Dimitrijević, Predrag (Miodrag) Zivkovic, Jelena Janevski, Mica Vukic, Ana Momcilovic, and Dejan Jovanovic. "GREEN LIVING ROOF SIMULATION MODEL REVIEW." Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, no. 1(19) (July 12, 2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2415-3184-2019-1(19)-104-110.
Анотація:
Integration of nature, live, organic materials, in the design of built areas and building structure is an architectural response to environmental problems of dense urban areas. At the site where green space is limited, greening the building envelope is the solution for the issues such as heat waves, flooding, and noise and air pollution. The benefits could be predicted only using accurate simulation model of this technology. The energy balance of green living roof was researched through models developed over the years by various authors. Most models have been developed and validated with data from extensive roofs and more than 50% of the models were validated using data from warm temperate climatic zones. Ability to determine the impact of green living roofs at different stages of their architectural design process is of most importance if the incorporation this technology is planned due to the impact on building and urban level.
7
Suszanowicz, Dariusz. "Model research on the influence of green roofs on environmental parameters in urban agglomerations." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500094.
Анотація:
This study presents features of green roofs in urban areas with a particular emphasis on the filtration of air pollutants, heavy metals removal, reduction of rainwater runoff from roof surfaces and thermal insulation. To carry out field studies on the influence of green roofs on the environment in urban areas, two green roof models on a laboratory scale were used. The observations of the prepared green roof models made during the summer, autumn and winter confirmed the extremely beneficial effect of this type of roof for the elimination of air pollutant, heavy metals, and particulate matter. The observations also confirmed that plants on a green roof growing on a soil layer absorb an average of 74% of rain water and then allow it to evaporate. The selection of plants for green roofs should mainly focus on how effectively they improve urban environmental parameters and remove air pollutants. The results of the study of the two green roof models on a laboratory scale are necessary to work out the parameters of layers of the roof and select the most appropriate plants for the reference research object on the roof of one of buildings of the University of Opole.
8
Yuliani, Sri, and Bambang Triratma. "Modeling green roofs in tropical housing to support micro-scale food security." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1200, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1200/1/012040.
Анотація:
Abstract Research on green roofs in tropical residential buildings has the opportunity to be a substitute for productive green spaces. This research implements several vegetable plants as building roof covering elements, i.e., peanut, eggplant, chili, and tomato. Experimental research was applied jointly for six months on four types of vegetables on a green roof covering an area of sixteen square meters. The green roof model consists of a green roof model on concrete and corrugated zinc through a floating technique as a roof model engineering. The aim of this research is to examine the roof as a substitute for green space in buildings. The results showed that the four types of vegetables could grow well on both roof models, both types of green roof have the opportunity to be implemented in residential areas, resulting in fruit that could be consumed on a household micro scale.
9
Perillo, Vanesa Liliana, Andrea Soledad Brendel, Federico Ferrelli, Agustina Gutiérrez, Alejandro José Vitale, Pablo Marinangeli, and María Cintia Piccolo. "CO2 flux dynamics of exotic and native species in an extensive green roof simulator with hydric deficit." Urban Climate 49 (May 2023): 101567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101567.
10
Byun, K. H. "Simulation of Thin Green Roof for Summer in Seoul." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 04 (December 2017): 1750034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517500341.
Анотація:
The purpose of this paper is to simulate the performance of thin green roofs during summer in Seoul, where there are four seasons. Many experimental studies are available for the green roofs, but there have not been many analytical studies. Numerical analysis is applied to a simple model developed for this study. The effects of the parameters affecting green roof performance are studied using several roof types. The weather data from Korea Meteorological Administration for the summer in Seoul have been used as an input for the simulation model. The results agree with the trends reported in previous studies. The importance of insulation status of the roof before applying green roof and the climate conditions is confirmed. Analysis such as this paper is necessary and useful before applying green roof or planning experiment on green roof.
11
de Munck, C. S., A. Lemonsu, R. Bouzouidja, V. Masson, and R. Claverie. "The GREENROOF module (v7.3) for modelling green roof hydrological and energetic performances within TEB." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 6 (November 8, 2013): 1941–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1941-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. The need to prepare cities for climate change adaptation requests the urban modeller community to implement sustainable adaptation strategies within their models to be tested against specific city morphologies and scenarios. Greening city roofs is part of these strategies. In this context, the GREENROOF module for TEB (town energy balance) has been developed to model the interactions between buildings and green roof systems at the scale of the city. This module, which combines the ISBA model (Interaction between Soil Biosphere and Atmosphere) and TEB, allows for one to describe an extensive green roof composed of four functional layers (vegetation – grasses or sedums; substrate; retention/drainage layers; and artificial roof layers) and to model vegetation-atmosphere fluxes of heat, water and momentum, as well as the hydrological fluxes throughout the substrate and the drainage layers, and the thermal fluxes throughout the natural and artificial layers of the green roof. TEB-GREENROOF (SURFEX v7.3) should therefore be able to represent the impact of climate forcings on the functioning of green roof vegetation and, conversely, the influence of the green roof on the local climate. An evaluation of GREENROOF is performed for a case study located in Nancy (France) which consists of an instrumented extensive green roof with sedums and substrate and drainage layers that are typical of this kind of construction. After calibration of the drainage layer hydrological characteristics, model results show good dynamics for the substrate water content and the drainage at the green roof base, with nevertheless a tendency to underestimate the water content and overestimate the drainage. This does not impact too much the green roof temperatures, which present a good agreement with observations. Nonetheless GREENROOF tends to overestimate the soil temperatures and their amplitudes, but this effect is less important in the drainage layer. These results are encouraging with regard to modelling the impact of green roofs on thermal indoor comfort and energy consumption at the scale of cities, for which GREENROOF will be running with the building energy version of TEB – TEB-BEM. Moreover, with the green roof studied for GREENROOF evaluation being a type of extensive green roof widespread in cities, the type of hydrological characteristics highlighted for the case study will be used as the standard configuration to model extensive green roof impacts at the scale of cities.
12
de Munck, C. S., A. Lemonsu, R. Bouzouidja, V. Masson, and R. Claverie. "The GREENROOF module (v7.3) for modelling green roof hydrological and energetic performances within TEB." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2013): 1127–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1127-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. The need to prepare cities for climate change adaptation requests the urban modeller community to implement within their models sustainable adaptation strategies to be tested against specific city morphologies and scenarios. Greening city roofs is part of these strategies. In this context, a GREENROOF module for TEB (Town Energy Balance) has been developed to model the interactions between buildings and green roof systems at the scale of the city. This module allows one to describe an extensive green roof composed of four functional layers (vegetation – grasses or sedums, substrate, retention/drainage layers and artificial roof layers) and to model vegetation-atmosphere fluxes of heat, water and momentum, as well as the hydrological and thermal fluxes throughout the substrate and the drainage layers, and the thermal coupling with the structural building envelope. TEB-GREENROOF (v7.3) is therefore able to represent the impact of climate forcings on the functioning of the green roof vegetation and, conversely, the influence of the green roof on the local climate. A calibration exercise to adjust the model to the peculiar hydrological characteristics of the substrates and drainage layers commonly found on green roofs is performed for a case study located in Nancy (France) which consists of an extensive green roof with sedums. Model results for the optimum hydrological calibration show a good dynamics for the substrate water content which is nevertheless under-estimated but without impacting too much the green roof temperatures since they present a good agreement with observations. These results are encouraging with regard to modelling the impact of green roofs on thermal indoor comfort and energy consumption at the scale of cities, for which GREENROOF will be running with the building energy version of TEB, TEB-BEM. Moreover, the green roof studied for GREENROOF evaluation being a city-widespread type of extensive green roof, the hydrological characteristics derived through the evaluation exercise will be used as the standard configuration to model extensive green roofs at the scale of cities.
13
Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar, Mingjie Zhao, Nicole Peterson, Jelena Srebric, and Robert Berghage. "Validation of predictive heat and mass transfer green roof model with extensive green roof field data." Ecological Engineering 47 (October 2012): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.012.
14
Vukadinović, Ana, Jasmina Radosavljević, Amelija Đorđević, and Nemanja Petrović. "Impact of green roofing on the energy performance of a residential building with a sunspace." Tehnika 76, no. 3 (2021): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2103281v.
Анотація:
The construction of green, or vegetated roofs, can mitigate the heat island effect, reduce the energy required for cooling of buildings, allow for efficient precipitation management, improve air quality, increase biological diversity, reduce noise, etc. This paper uses the method of dynamic simulation to investigate how different green roof types influence the energy properties of an individual residential building with a sunspace located in the city of Niš. The obtained results show that when the extensive type of green roof is used on the model of the building with a sunspace, there are no significant changes in the required energy for heating or cooling. The biggest reduction of the energy required for heating and cooling occurs when an intensive green roof is used. In the subvariant of the model with an intensive green roof, the required energy for heating was 0.34% lower while the required energy for cooling was 2.32% lower compared to the model of the building without a green roof
15
Shushunova, Natalia Sergeevna, Elena Anatolyevna Korol, and Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin. "Modular Green Roofs for the Sustainability of the Built Environment: The Installation Process." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 13749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413749.
Анотація:
The research object is the installation process of modular green roofs with planters placed on the concrete roof’s surface. These roofs effectively reduce rainfall disposal, prolong the lifespan of the roof coating, and enhance urban aesthetic and recreational spaces. Green roofs reduce houses’ gas emissions and increase green spaces in densely built areas. The spatial–technological model was developed for the proposed modular green roof based on network planning, scheduling theory, and graph theory. The sequence and composition of technological processes and operations were established for the installation process. The functional model of installing a modular green roof has been developed. The model makes it possible to optimise the principles of saving labour contribution (working hours) and time.
16
Palla, A., J. J. Sansalone, I. Gnecco, and L. G. Lanza. "Storm water infiltration in a monitored green roof for hydrologic restoration." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.171.
Анотація:
The objectives of this study are to provide detailed information about green roof performance in the Mediterranean climate (retained volume, peak flow reduction, runoff delay) and to identify a suitable modelling approach for describing the associated hydrologic response. Data collected during a 13-month monitoring campaign and a seasonal monitoring campaign (September–December 2008) at the green roof experimental site of the University of Genova (Italy) are presented together with results obtained in quantifying the green roof hydrologic performance. In order to examine the green roof hydrologic response, the SWMS_2D model, that solves the Richards' equation for two-dimensional saturated-unsaturated water flow, has been implemented. Modelling results confirm the suitability of the SWMS_2D model to properly describe the hydrologic response of the green roofs. The model adequately reproduces the hydrographs; furthermore, the predicted soil water content profile generally matches the observed values along a vertical profile where measurements are available.
17
Stamenkovic, Marija, and Goran Vuckovic. "Energy consumption for space cooling and heating depending on flat roof structures renovation. Case study of the Healthcare center Nis." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220910190s.
Анотація:
Since the reduction of energy consumption and efficient energy use, particularly in the building stock, is the priority for contemporary societies, the ways of how to improve the existing buildings should be examined. Flat roofs, as a part of the existing building thermal envelope, are recognized as a field of intervention for improving efficient energy use for space cooling and heating. The topic of the paper is to determine to what extent different improved roof structures affect energy consumption intended to achieve thermal comfort. Comparative analysis of four roof structures was conducted for the building of Healthcare center Nis in Serbia, one improved non-walkable flat roof structure and three green roof systems. Urbancsape extensive green roof system was used in all tested green roof models: non-walkable extensive green roof, walkable extensive green roof, and extensive and intensive green roof systems within walkable terraces. DesignBuilder software was used for energy modeling. The obtained results indicate a slight decrease in energy consumption for building models with green roofs compared to the building model with the improved non-walkable roof structure, along the cooling period, by approximately 1,5%, which is correlated with previous studies in similar conditions. On the other hand, the reduction of energy consumption over the heating period was negligible (less than 1%). Considering the results and predominant usage of commercial Urbanscape extensive green roof system in all green roof models, being characterized by small thickness (10.64 cm) and light structure, and which is predicted to be installed over the already well-insulated roof, the system?s role as an additional thermal mass was confirmed.
18
Korol, Elena, Natalia Shushunova, and Stepan Rerikh. "New green roof and green wall systems for implementation in the coverings." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 06023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706023.
Анотація:
In this article, the approaches to the application of evaluation systems for green buildings to the processes of modeling and designing green infrastructure in the development of the management mechanism of the urban environment, the problems of using green roof technologies are reviewed. The implementation of new green roof and green wall systems requires the accumulation of parametric data for variability in the selection of rational decisions. This study presents new green roof and green wall technologies and describes the main device advantages compared to existing coverings. The study applied the methods of comparative analysis of various options for roofing systems, including landscaping, based on the principles of labor and time savings. The comparison is made of the various indicators of the labor intensity of the covering device, using methods of structural-functional modeling. On the graphical models the identification of the structural separate layers of the roof structure is shown, which clearly represents the variable model according to various indicators of labor intensity. This research presents the new green roof and green wall technologies for implementation in the coverings and describes the main device advantages compared to existing coverings, which designed for simple cost-effective installation and modern urban design flexibility.
19
Deska, Iwona, Maciej Mrowiec, Ewa Ociepa, and Katarzyna Łacisz. "Investigation of the Influence of Hydrogel Amendment on the Retention Capacities of Green Roofs." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0025.
Анотація:
Abstract Progressive economic development as well as urbanisation influence the characteristics of the stormwater runoff. Progressive sealing of drainage basin surface prompts the decrease of rainwater infiltration, thus increasing the runoff intensity. This results in an increase of flood risk. Thus, in urban areas the sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are used in addition to the traditional sewer systems. The examples of SUDS strategy are, inter alia, the roofs covered with vegetation (the green roofs). The paper presents the results of research of retention capacities of 4 diverse green roof models with following growing media: (1) the typical green roof substrate without any additions, (2) the substrate with addition of about 1 % by weight of hydrogel (the cross-linked potassium polyacrylate), (3) the substrate with addition of about 0.25 % by weight of hydrogel, (4) the substrate with addition of expanded clay and perlite. The models did not have the vegetation layers in order to explore only the retention capacities of drainage layers and substrates. The aim of the first part of research was to investigate the retention capacities of green roof models after 1, 2, 6, 8 and 10 antecedent dry days. In the case of 1 and 2 antecedent dry days the best medium retention capacity had green roof model 2 (with substrate with addition of 1 % by weight of hydrogel), and the weakest medium retention capacity had green roof model 1 (without any additions). In the cases of precipitations which occurred after 6 as well as 8 and 10 antecedent dry days the best retention capacity had green roof model 3 (with addition of about 0.25 % by weight of hydrogel). The weakest retention capacity had in these cases green roof model 4 (with addition of expanded clay and perlite). The aim of the second part of research described in the paper was to investigate the retention capacities of green roof models during precipitations that occurred after long antecedent dry periods of time (34, 59 and 106 antecedent dry days). The substrates and drainage layers were air-dry directly before precipitations. The best retention capacity had in this case green roof model 3 (with the substrate with addition of about 0.25 % by weight of hydrogel). The second largest retention capacity had model 2 (with the substrate with addition of about 1 % by weight of hydrogel). The definitely weakest retention capacity had model 4 containing the substrate with addition of expanded clay and perlite. The results may indicate that the efficacy of hydrogel decreased over time probably due to its decay under the influence of solar radiation.
20
Renita, Renita, Tri Harso Karyono, and Djoko Santoso. "THE INFLUENCE OF ROOF COVER MATERIAL ON GABLE MODEL TO CLIMATE PARAMETERS Case Study :Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat (RISHA), PuslitbangPermukiman, Bandung." International Journal on Livable Space 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v1i1.4707.
Анотація:
<p align="left"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em>A roof should be able to prevent and reduce the radiation heat. It is more recommended if it gives a good effect in both prevention and reduction of heat. Through this research, the author wanted to know the influence of the roof covering material to gable roof style towards the climate parameters, such as temperature of humidity and heat radiation. Gable roof style is considered as more effective rather than others traditional roof style. The ability of heat reduction and humidity performances of the gable roof was tested by using Asbestos, Roof Tiles, Metal deck, and Green Roof covering material to RumahInstanSederhanaSehat (RISHA) in Centre for Housing Research and Development (PuslitbangPermukiman), Bandung. The variations of ceiling and non-ceiling were applied for knowing the result specifically in terms of the level of humidity and temperature in the room. By using quantitative descriptive method, Metal deck gave the fastest effect towards the temperature reduction, while Roof Tiles gave the best effect by using ceiling, and Green Roof gave the best effect by not using ceiling. Humidity aspect that gave the best effect occurred when using ceiling, either when using ceiling or not. Meanwhile, the lowest humidity happened when using Asbestos and Green Roof material. In the ability to reduce heat radiation, Green Roof had the best ability in reducing the heat or had worst ability in heat radiation, followed by Metal deck. Meanwhile, Asbestos covering material had the best heat radiation ability.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Keywords: Roof Covering Material, Gable Roof </em><em>Model</em><em>, Climate (temperature, humi</em><em>d</em><em>ity, and heat radiation).</em></p>
21
Munir, A., Irfandi, Muslimsyah, and Abdullah. "A preliminary Study on The Use of PET Bottle Waste as The Green Roof Drainage Layer for Thermal Insulator." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 881, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/881/1/012054.
Анотація:
Abstract The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) and global warming are significant issues now in relation to sustainable urban development. The application of green roofs is an intention to weaken the impact of UHI by reducing heat gain on the building surface that is emitted to the environment. In addition, green roofs also reduce heat transmission from solar radiation received by the roof to the indoor. Utilization of plastic bottle waste from PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) will cut down the weight of the green roof system, which also develops the heat resistance value of the roof. This research is an initial study that suggests a green roof application that is more environmentally friendly with the principle of reusing PET waste as a sustainable building material to increase thermal resistant of the system. The analysis concentrates on describing the thermal behavior of the green roof system with the inclusion of PET bottles as a drainage layer. The investigation was carried out by preparing a cubical model of 60cm x 60 cm x 60 cm with a green roof system. Thermal performances were assessed by measuring the temperature of each layer of the green roof using thermocouple wire. The environmental variables measured were solar intensity, ambient air temperature, and air humidity, where the sensors placed close to the models. This analysis demonstrates the influences of green roofs in reducing solar radiation heat. Even though the decreasing of room temperature between the models was not significantly different, this initial results show that, by introducing PET, still display a further performance in reducing heat gain from solar radiation. However, it is necessary to adjust the evaluation models. Heat accumulation in room raised the indoor temperature to be higher than the roof temperature, so that the behavior of the green roof with the purpose of PET is not obviously distinguishable. A trial model with ventilation opening will release heat from enclosed space and it could evaluate clearly the rate of heat flow from the roof.
22
Azam, N. I. Z. Mohd, N. S. Romali, and A. S. Abd Razak. "Eco-friendly green roof from biodegradable substrate for stormwater quality improvement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1296, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1296/1/012003.
Анотація:
Abstract Currently, there is a significant surge of interest in green roof technology for construction buildings due to its numerous environmental benefits, such as stormwater management, energy efficiency, and enhanced urban biodiversity. However, the issue of potential pollutant release from green roof substrates into runoff water, causing water pollution, needs to be addressed. To tackle this concern, a lab-scale green roof model was assessed, utilizing a biodegradable substrate made from banana peels and eggshell waste (organic fertilizer). Three models were tested: a conventional green roof (control), a green roof with chemical fertilizer, and a green roof with organic fertilizer. Various water quality parameters, including pH, total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), were evaluated. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of organic fertilizer in reducing TSS and COD levels, where the eco-friendly green roof with biodegradable substrate exhibited an impressive performance, achieving a higher COD removal percentage (78%) compared to the green roof with chemical fertilizer (50%). The utilization of organic fertilizer led to an enhancement in the quality of stormwater runoff, resulting in NPK removal percentages ranging from 17% to 25%. Additionally, the organic fertilizer fostered healthier vegetation growth, leading to a greater number of leaves compared to the chemical fertilizer. These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly green roofs as a sustainable and effective tool for stormwater management, provided suitable substrate materials are employed.
23
Ling, K. W., and D. Y. S. Mah2. "Building Water Sensitive Urban Design : Modelling of Green Roof." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.145.2015.
Анотація:
This project evaluates green roofs as a stormwater management tool. The goal of the project is to develop a computer aided stormwater model incorporating green roof, and evaluate its effectiveness. Specifically, the influence of media type, media depth, duration of rainfall event and average reoccurrence interval are investigated in design rainfall. The finalised model is then validated based on observed rainfall for the months of January and February of 2014. Results indicate that the green roofs are capable of removing 73.5% and 86.9% of the monthly rainfall volumes for January and February 2014, respectively, from a roof through retention. Water retention by green roofs effectively increases the time to reach the peak runoff, and slows the peak flows for a watershed. There are seasonal considerations as more runoff is generated during the month of January (northeast monsoon season) compared with the month of February (normal weather). Green roof is also effective in retaining 100% of several storms of less than 10 mm. The results demonstrate that the proposed extensive green roof for the study area functions as an excellent bio-retention system for stormwater control. The results of this research are in tandem with those of other researches performed throughout the world on hydrologic characteristics of green roof.
24
Vesuviano, Gianni, Fred Sonnenwald, and Virginia Stovin. "A two-stage storage routing model for green roof runoff detention." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 6 (December 28, 2013): 1191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.808.
Анотація:
Green roofs have been adopted in urban drainage systems to control the total quantity and volumetric flow rate of runoff. Modern green roof designs are multi-layered, their main components being vegetation, substrate and, in almost all cases, a separate drainage layer. Most current hydrological models of green roofs combine the modelling of the separate layers into a single process; these models have limited predictive capability for roofs not sharing the same design. An adaptable, generic, two-stage model for a system consisting of a granular substrate over a hard plastic ‘egg box’-style drainage layer and fibrous protection mat is presented. The substrate and drainage layer/protection mat are modelled separately by previously verified sub-models. Controlled storm events are applied to a green roof system in a rainfall simulator. The time-series modelled runoff is compared to the monitored runoff for each storm event. The modelled runoff profiles are accurate (mean Rt2 = 0.971), but further characterization of the substrate component is required for the model to be generically applicable to other roof configurations with different substrate.
25
Vesuviano, Gianni, and Virginia Stovin. "A generic hydrological model for a green roof drainage layer." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.294.
Анотація:
A rainfall simulator of length 5 m and width 1 m was used to supply constant intensity and largely spatially uniform water inflow events to 100 different configurations of commercially available green roof drainage layer and protection mat. The runoff from each inflow event was collected and sampled at one-second intervals. Time-series runoff responses were subsequently produced for each of the tested configurations, using the average response of three repeat tests. Runoff models, based on storage routing (dS/dt = I–Q) and a power-law relationship between storage and runoff (Q = kSn), and incorporating a delay parameter, were created. The parameters k, n and delay were optimized to best fit each of the runoff responses individually. The range and pattern of optimized parameter values was analysed with respect to roof and event configuration. An analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity of the shape of the runoff profile to changes in parameter values. There appears to be potential to consolidate values of n by roof slope and drainage component material.
26
Hégo, A., F. Collin, H. Garnier, and R. Claverie. "Approaches for green roof dynamic model analysis using GSA." IFAC-PapersOnLine 54, no. 7 (2021): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.428.
27
Escobedo-Izquierdo, Manuela Azucena, Sergio Quezada-García, Juan José Ambriz-García, Rodolfo Vázquez-Rodriguez, and Diego Morales-Ramírez. "Comparison of Green Roof Model Predictions with Experimental Data." Energy Research Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/erjsp.2015.15.24.
28
Sailor, D. J. "A green roof model for building energy simulation programs." Energy and Buildings 40, no. 8 (January 2008): 1466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.001.
29
Quezada-García, S., G. Espinosa-Paredes, M. A. Escobedo-Izquierdo, A. Vázquez-Rodríguez, R. Vázquez-Rodríguez, and J. J. Ambriz-García. "Heterogeneous model for heat transfer in Green Roof Systems." Energy and Buildings 139 (March 2017): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.015.
30
Zheng, Shu Kui, Ming Fang Tang, and Zhen Jing Yang. "A Model of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Planting Soil of Green Roof." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2065.
Анотація:
For insulation, green roof has been widely applied and researched in recent years. The effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of planting soil of green roof plays an important role to insulation. The ETC of six kinds of compound planting soil, usually used in green roof，were measured with different water content. The results show that the ETC of compound planting soils has linear relationship with weight humidity. A sensible, albeit simplified mathematical model, with weight humidity and dry apparent density as variables, was established for the dynamic ETC of compound planting soil. To verify model accuracy, the calculation data of ETC of compound planting soil, which under natural climatic conditions for 2 years, were compared with experimental data, and the results indicate that the model have high accuracy in a wide range of weight humidity. In additional, the ETC proper range of compound planting soil was derived.
31
Malik, Farah Abdulkadhum, and Alaa Liaq Hashem. "Experimental Investigation of Green Roof Impact on Buildings Energy in Hot Climate." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v13i2.654.
Анотація:
Green roofs are a layer that effectively working on blocks of solar radiation from entering the building's structure below partially. Its work as a passive cooling technique, and have the potential to reduce the high surface temperature of conventional roofs because of the soil thermal resistance, evapotranspiration, and several effects for foliage shading. This affects the heat flux flow of the roof that in turn influences the indoor thermal conditions and the building energy demand. The research goals are to test the influence of the green roof on reducing heat transfer to the interior of heavy structural buildings. The experimental part was done to examine the effect of the green roof and compare it with a standard roof under influence of ambient air temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed and test the effect of the green roof on reducing heat transfer inside the building. The model site was at the Diwanyah city (Latitude: 31.9868 and Longitude: 44.9215), the engineering college campus, Qadisiyah University. The experimental setup includes two cubicles, with equal internal volume values (163cm * 163cm * 105cm). The experimental results showed for the period 5-8 September 2019. The maximum zone temperature was 46.4 °C for traditional roof and 37.06 °C for the green roof at 3:24 p.m. The results showed that the maximum internal temperature was 46.97 °C and 36.42 °C for the traditional roof and green roof respectively at 3 p.m. Also, the results for period 18-21 July 2019 noted that the zone temperature decreased by 7.5 °C and the maximum temperature of the internal traditional standard roof’s surface is 45.66 °C and 37.41 °C for the green roof.
32
Skala, Vojtěch, Michal Dohnal, Jana Votrubová, and Vladimíra Jelínková. "The use of simple hydrological models to assess outflow of two green roofs systems." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 2 (April 5, 2019): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/138/2018-swr.
Анотація:
Hydrological response of anthropogenic soil systems, including green roofs, has crucial importance in many fields of water engineering and management. As a consequence, there is an increasing need for modelling of the anthropogenic soil systems behaviour. To obtain empirical data, two green roof test beds were established on a green roof of University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague. Each test bed is 1 m<sup>2</sup> in area and is instrumented for the runoff monitoring. One test bed was filled with less permeable local soil, the other with highly permeable commercial soil substrate, both were planted with stonecrops. Two simple deterministic lumped models – a nonlinear reservoir model and a linear reservoir cascade model – were used to assess the hydrological response of these green roof systems. The nonlinear reservoir model seems more appropriate for extensive green roof systems than the linear reservoir cascade model because of better description of rapid system reaction typical for thin soil systems. Linear reservoir cascade model frequently failed to mimic internal variability of observed hydrographs. In systems with high potential retention (represented by the test bed with local soil), episodically applied models that consider the same initial retention capacity for all episodes do not allow plausible evaluation of the actual episode-related retention. In such case, simulation model accounting for evapotranspiration between the rainfall events is needed.
33
Szejba, Daniel, Tomasz Gnatowski, and Jan Szatyłowicz. "Bilans wodny zielonego dachu na przykładzie obiektu w dzielnicy Ursynów m.st. Warszawy." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.1.06.
Анотація:
The aim of this study is to present the research results on the water retention of green roof on the example of a facility located in the district of Ursynów, Capital City Warsaw. The experimental site was a fragment of green patio of 25 cm substrate thickness which is a mixture of peat, sand and gravelite. Green roof area is overgrown with a mixture of grasses as well as conifers and deciduous bushes. The components of the water balance during the growing season of 2008 were calculated using the GreenRoof model. Performed studies have shown that the examined green roof retain more than 99% of water from rainfall.
34
Zhang, Ning, Yan Chen, Ling Luo, and Yongwei Wang. "Effectiveness of Different Urban Heat Island Mitigation Methods and Their Regional Impacts." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 2991–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0049.1.
Анотація:
Abstract Cool roofs and green roofs are two popular methods to mitigate the urban heat island and improve urban climates. The effectiveness of different urban heat island mitigation strategies in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River delta, China, is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with a physically based single-layer urban canopy model. The modifications to the roof surface changed the urban surface radiation balance and then modified the local surface energy budget. Both cool roofs and green roofs led to a lower surface skin temperature and near-surface air temperature. Increasing the roof albedo to 0.5 caused a similar effectiveness as covering 25% of urban roofs with vegetation; increasing the roof albedo to 0.7 caused a similar near-surface air temperature decrease as 50% green roof coverage. The near-surface relative humidity increased in both cool roof and green roof experiments because of the combination of the impacts of increases in specific humidity and decreases in air temperature. The regional impacts of cool roofs and green roofs were evaluated using a regional effect index. A regional impact was found for near-surface air temperature and specific/relative humidity when the percentage of roofs covered with high-albedo materials or green roofs reached a higher fraction (greater than 50%). The changes in the vertical profiles of temperature cause a more stable atmospheric boundary layer over the urban area; at the same time, the crossover phenomena occurred above the boundary layer due to the decrease in vertical wind speed.
35
Li, Yanling, and Roger W. Babcock. "Green roof hydrologic performance and modeling: a review." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (November 27, 2013): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.770.
Анотація:
Green roofs reduce runoff from impervious surfaces in urban development. This paper reviews the technical literature on green roof hydrology. Laboratory experiments and field measurements have shown that green roofs can reduce stormwater runoff volume by 30 to 86%, reduce peak flow rate by 22 to 93% and delay the peak flow by 0 to 30 min and thereby decrease pollution, flooding and erosion during precipitation events. However, the effectiveness can vary substantially due to design characteristics making performance predictions difficult. Evaluation of the most recently published study findings indicates that the major factors affecting green roof hydrology are precipitation volume, precipitation dynamics, antecedent conditions, growth medium, plant species, and roof slope. This paper also evaluates the computer models commonly used to simulate hydrologic processes for green roofs, including stormwater management model, soil water atmosphere and plant, SWMS-2D, HYDRUS, and other models that are shown to be effective for predicting precipitation response and economic benefits. The review findings indicate that green roofs are effective for reduction of runoff volume and peak flow, and delay of peak flow, however, no tool or model is available to predict expected performance for any given anticipated system based on design parameters that directly affect green roof hydrology.
36
Auld, Douglas, and Jeremy Wright. "Carbon Sequestering and Green Roof Technology: A Benefit Cost Analysis." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v7i1.12396.
Анотація:
The installation of a green roof on residential buildings affords the opportunity to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. The cost of incorporating green roofs in the construction of a family home or modifying an existing home is significant and the private benefits are rather small. Carbon reduction does have a value recognized by all levels of government in Canada. In this paper we calculate the cost of installing a green roof on a two vehicle garage in the Province of Ontario using current building costs. Utilizing data on the private costs and private benefits, the estimated NPV of a green roof over a 35 year period is negative. Once the value of carbon sequestering is introduced in the model, the NPV is positive, suggesting that subsidizing green roof construction is an efficient method in any government’s question to encourage a reduction in GHG emission.
37
Khan, Amjad, Yoonkyung Park, Jongpyo Park, and Reeho Kim. "Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Facilities Tank Size Based on a Daily Water Balance Model: The Case of Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315556.
Анотація:
Factors affecting rainwater resource management for the present and future include population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) allows multiple urban water-related issues to be mitigated. In this study, a spreadsheet-based daily water balance model was developed to analyze the existing laws and regulations regarding the storage tank size of RWH facilities. Six buildings at different locations were selected for this study. Two are office buildings, two are school buildings, and two are sports buildings. The term “RWH facility evaluation criteria” is collectively used for rainwater supply satisfaction rate, rainwater guarantee rate, and rainwater utilization rate. A green roof can hold the rainwater for some time, reducing the peak flow and runoff volume. The results provide evidence that, among the selected studied buildings, buildings having a combination of a green roof and RWH facility score the highest in terms of RWH facility evaluation criteria, even though the actual tank size is much smaller than the standard tank size. This is the case with the Yesan County Office, in which a green roof connected to a small (66 m3) rainwater storage tank is installed. As a green roof can decrease the runoff volume, the rainwater can be managed efficiently with less pumping energy and only a small storage tank.
38
Asinas, Jane Aezel T., Juanito V. Bajar III, Jhon Rhandy Cabanes, Roy Joseph Domino, Gerardo A. D. Abestilla, and Crispin S. Lictaoa. "UTILIZATION OF SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERS (SAP) IN EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF ASWATER RETENTION IN URBAN AREA." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v5i2.3272.
Анотація:
A green roof is formed by waterproof substrate covered with vegetation. It is capable of absorbing water and adding hydrogels may increase its water absorption. The objective of this study is to utilize hydrogel in extensive green roof as an aid in water retention in urban areas. There are four green roof models: Panel 1 has 0% of hydrogels, Panel 2 has 0.40% of hydrogels, Panel 3 has 0.50% of hydrogels and Panel 4 has 0.60% of hydrogels. Each green roof model undergo series of test through the rain simulator with rain gauge at the center of the panel to determine the rainfall intensity. Other than the percentage of hydrogel;; rainfall intensity, duration of rain event and moisture content of the substrate before testing are the factors that affect the water retention in the green roof. This study shows that the green roof with hydrogel has greater water retention than the green roof without hydrogel. It is determined that the hydrogels can absorb approximately 330 times more than its own weight in a day and 37.048 seconds shows the most probable value of water run--off that may occur in the rain event based from the data collected in this study. It was concluded that the maximum value of water that the soil can absorb is entirely dependent on the time the water system was used. The result of the data analysis shows that each of the independent variable has a positive correlation to the dependent variable which is the volume of the water retained in the substrate.
39
Yio, Marcus H. N., Virginia Stovin, Jörg Werdin, and Gianni Vesuviano. "Experimental analysis of green roof substrate detention characteristics." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 1477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.381.
Анотація:
Green roofs may make an important contribution to urban stormwater management. Rainfall-runoff models are required to evaluate green roof responses to specific rainfall inputs. The roof's hydrological response is a function of its configuration, with the substrate – or growing media – providing both retention and detention of rainfall. The objective of the research described here is to quantify the detention effects due to green roof substrates, and to propose a suitable hydrological modelling approach. Laboratory results from experimental detention tests on green roof substrates are presented. It is shown that detention increases with substrate depth and as a result of increasing substrate organic content. Model structures based on reservoir routing are evaluated, and it is found that a one-parameter reservoir routing model coupled with a parameter that describes the delay to start of runoff best fits the observed data. Preliminary findings support the hypothesis that the reservoir routing parameter values can be defined from the substrate's physical characteristics.
40
Ding, Sheng Guo, Ting Ding, Qi Wen Li, and Ze Ming Wang. "Experimental Stress Analysis of Cast In Situ Concret Roof-Slab under Indirect Load of Variable Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3676.
Анотація:
An electrical experiment on the full-scale model is conducted. Distribution of temperature stress and strain for the cast-in-site concrete roof slab during typical time of extreme weather in the winter and the summer are obtained. Cracking mechanism of cast-in-situ concrete roof is revealed preliminary. Contrasting of the experimental data between the green roof and bare plate roof plate ,it is expounded that planting roof can reduce temperature difference and average variable temperature for the roof slab significantly.
41
Martin III, William D., Nigel B. Kaye, and Somayeh Mohammadi. "A physics-based routing model for modular green roof systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 173, no. 3 (June 2020): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jwama.18.00094.
42
Chen, Haoming, Xianfeng Du, Mengqi Lai, Muhanmaitijiang Nazhafati, Chen Li, and Weicong Qi. "Biochar Improves Sustainability of Green Roofs via Regulate of Soil Microbial Communities." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070620.
Анотація:
Green roofs are an important part of urban green spaces. A good roof soil system contributes to the stability of the green roof ecosystem in harsh environments. Biochar as a soil additive can improve soil nutrients, although the mechanism of improvement on the roof substrate is still unclear. This research studied the effects on the physical and chemical properties of green roof soil and analyzed the biological characteristics of green roofs at five gradient ratios of biochar addition (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% biochar; v/v). The results indicated that biochar could improve the soil porosity (5.3–9.3%) and reduce the bulk density (3.9–10.8%); increase the soil moisture (14.0–37.2%); adjust the temperature, available nutrients and cation exchange capacity (38.1–75.9%) and regulate the soil pH values of the green roof. The biomass of soil microbes, eukaryotes and plants were increased by 75.3%, 199.2% and 57.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation between microbial diversity and soil nutrients was more significant due to the addition of biochar, and the increase of the phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) contents was the main factor affecting the microbial community. The structural equation model showed that biochar has a direct impact on the microbial diversity by improving the soil moisture, temperature and available nutrients, and the increase of the microbial diversity is conducive to plant growth. Summarily, biochar can be considered as a potential additive for roof soil amendment and promoting the growth of plants and microbes, which is beneficial to the development of a roof ecosystem.
43
Guattari, Claudia, Luca Evangelisti, Francesco Asdrubali, and Roberto De Lieto Vollaro. "Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Performance of a Green Roof." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051767.
Анотація:
In the building sector, both passive and active systems are essential for achieving a high-energy performance. Considering passive solutions, green roofs represent a sustainable answer, allowing buildings to reach energy savings, and also reducing the collateral effect of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. In this study, a roof-lawn system was investigated by means of an extended measurement campaign, monitoring the heat transfer across the roof. Heat-flow meters and air- and surface-temperature probes were applied in a real building, in order to compare the performance of the roof-lawn system with a conventional roof. This experimental approach was followed to quantify the different thermal behaviors of the building components. Moreover, an equivalent thermal model of the roof-lawn system was studied, in order to obtain the equivalent thermal properties of the roof, useful for setting building models for yearly energy simulations. The roof-lawn system revealed its advantages, showing a higher thermal inertia with no overheating in summertime and a lower thermal transmittance with energy savings in wintertime, and, consequently, better indoor conditions for the occupants of the building.
44
Shao, Bilin, Xingxuan Du, and Qinlong Ren. "Numerical Investigation of Energy Saving Characteristic in Building Roof Coupled with PCM Using Lattice Boltzmann Method with Economic Analysis." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101739.
Анотація:
Due to their characteristics of high energy storage density and a nearly constant melting temperature, phase change materials (PCMs) could be inserted into the roof of green buildings in order to reduce the energy consumption and ameliorate the room thermal comfort. In this paper, an enthalpy based multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was developed to calculate the transient phase change conjugate heat transfer with solar radiation inside the green building’s PCM roof in the hot summer and cold winter areas of China. The effect of the PCM melting temperature on the variation of the roof internal temperature was investigated and the energy saving characteristic of the PCM roof under an intermittent energy utilization condition was also analyzed by comparing with the performance of the roof filled with sensible insulating materials (SIMs). Then, the life cycle incremental costs and incremental benefits of a PCM roof and SIM roof were studied by using the comprehensive incremental benefit model so that the green building roof could be economically evaluated. The results indicate that a temperature rise inside the roof during summer cooling time could be delayed due to the latent heat of the PCMs. It was also found that the melting temperature and the thickness of the PCM layer should be chosen appropriately for enhancing the energy saving amount of a PCM roof. Based on this, the PCM roof could have a better energy saving capability than the SIM roof. During the winter heating time, as the environment temperature and the room temperature are both below the PCM melting temperature, the PCM roof does not have a latent heat characteristic so that it performs like a SIM roof. Furthermore, due to the high price of PCMs, the incremental cost of green building is increased, which makes the PCM roof have a negative comprehensive incremental benefit. Under this circumstance, developing PCMs with a low price and stable chemical properties is a key scientific bottleneck for a wider application of PCM roofs in the architecture engineering field.
45
Quan, Hong Zhu. "Green Roofs System with Porous Ecological Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.966.
Анотація:
Because of its durability and strength, more and more porous concrete has been used for riverbank protection or foundations of greenery. This study described a new type of green roof system without a soil layer on the porous concrete. This paper also discussed reuse of waste (fly ash generated from thermal power stations and aggregate made of ALC panel waste) to configure a newly proposed thin-type green roof system. As a result, the pilot model of lightweight thin type porous planting foundation satisfied the dynamic strength and ensured 30% void ratio needed for viability of vegetation.
46
Basu, Arunima Sarkar, Bidroha Basu, Francesco Pilla, and Srikanta Sannigrahi. "Investigating the Performance of Green Roof for Effective Runoff Reduction Corresponding to Different Weather Patterns: A Case Study in Dublin, Ireland." Hydrology 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9030046.
Анотація:
This article aims to analyse the performance of green roof in runoff reduction. A case study has been conducted through a deployed green roof at the custom house quay building in Dublin, Ireland. Modular green roofs have been deployed which have IoT scales associated to it for measuring the effective reduction in runoff. Hydro-meteorological variables such as rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and wind speed values were corresponded to the amount of runoff reduction by means of a regression-based relationship. Comparison of the observed runoff reduction from a modular green roof and that estimated based on the developed regression relationship yielded a R2 value of 0.874. Through this research, a pattern was identified which established that longer records and better weather variables data have the potential to improve the performance of the regression model in predicting the amount of runoff reduction corresponding to different rainfall and weather patterns. In general, performance of green roof was found to be highly positively correlated to the amount of rainfall received; however, low correlation between rainfall and the percentage of runoff reduction indicate that saturated soil in green roofs considerably deteriorates the performance in runoff reduction. Overall, this study can help in identification of locations where installation of green roofs can help mitigate floods at a city scale.
47
Yasser Elborolosy, Yara, Harsho Sanyal, and Joseph Cataldo. "Irrigation and Thermal Buffering Using Mathematical Modeling." Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 27, 2024): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jees.v6i1.5959.
Анотація:
Two methods of irrigation, drip, and sprinkler were studied to determine the response of the Javits green roof to irrigation. The control study was dry unirrigated plots. Drip irrigation consisted of irrigation tubes running through the green roof that would water the soil throughout and sprinkler irrigation used a sprinkler system to irrigate the green roof from above. In all cases, the irrigated roofs had increased the soil moisture, reduced temperatures of both the upper and lower surfaces, reduced growing medium temperatures and reduced air temperatures above the green roof relative to the unirrigated roof. The buffered temperature fluctuations were also studied via air conditioner energy consumption. There was a 28% reduction in air conditioner energy consumption and a 33% reduction in overall energy consumption between dry and irrigated plots. Values of thermal resistance or S were determined for accuracy and for this study, there was little change which is ideal. A series of infra-red and thermal probe measurements were used to determine temperatures in the air and sedum. It was determined that the sprinkler irrigation did a better job than the drip irrigation in keeping cooler temperatures within the green roof. A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to verify the variation in moisture temperatures buffering energy consumption. By getting a p-value < 0.05, it indicates that the model is accurate for prediction and medium temperatures were statistically different.
48
Kaposztasova, Daniela, Katarina Lavkova Cakyova, Marian Vertal, Zuzana Vranayova, and Eva Kridlova Burdova. "Active Green Constructions and Their Impact on Gray Infrastructure." Buildings 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020306.
Анотація:
Addressing climate change necessitates a conscious transition toward sustainable infrastructure solutions. Our vision involved transforming an experimental area into the University Experimental Center. This experimental building serves as a model for gray infrastructure implementation, taking into account its dimensions, layout, flooring, and material composition. Our study aims to compare the retention capacities of various types of vegetated roofs, as determined by different legislations. The findings indicate that the outcomes vary based on the regulations used. This variation subsequently influences the design of associated infrastructures, such as rainwater drainage systems, and the design of stressed structures. This is due to the impact of water quantity on the thermal response of a stressed structure. The water used to irrigate the vegetation layer, along with the water retained by the upper roof, has a positive impact on both the building and its surroundings. Initially, the system comprised two functional components: vegetated roofs and a reference roof. The integrated experimental roof shell, in conjunction with the frame, forms an autonomous system. This system serves as a segment for quantifying water retention, humidity, and temperature across diverse green infrastructure substrates. We analyzed the thermal response of experimental roof constructions and monitored the influence of water and precipitation. Our results indicate that the height of the substrate affects not only the retention capacity but also the thermal response of the vegetated roof.
49
Widomski, Marcin K., Anna Musz-Pomorska, and Justyna Gołębiowska. "Hydrologic Effectiveness and Economic Efficiency of Green Architecture in Selected Urbanized Catchment." Land 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2023): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071312.
Анотація:
This paper presents a numerical assessment of the influence of green roofs applied in the urbanized catchment on the rainwater outflow hygrogram as well as costs and economic efficiency analysis of the proposed green architecture application. The campus basin of the Lublin University of Technology, Poland, was selected as the object of the study. Three variants of extensive green roof applications were designed. The numerical model of surface runoff was developed in US EPA’s SWMM 5.2 software. The simulations were performed for three different rainfall events of various intensities and durations. The cost efficiency of the proposed green architecture was assessed by the Dynamic Generation Costs indicator, while economic effectiveness was tested by Benefits–Costs Ratio and Payback Period determined for all assumed variants. The determination of economic efficiency indicators was based on investment and maintenance costs estimation, assumed discount rate, and time duration of assessment. Results of numerical calculations showed up to 16.81% of peak flow and 25.20% of runoff volume reduction possibly due to the green roof application. All proposed variants of green roof applications in the studied urbanized catchment were assessed as generally profitable due to possible financial benefits related to heating and cooling energy savings and avoiding periodical change of bitumen roof cover.
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Kawakami, Hinako, and Yasumitsu Matsuo. "Design of an Architectural Element Generating Hydrogen Energy by Photosynthesis—Model Case of the Roof and Window." Designs 6, no. 3 (June 18, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6030058.
Анотація:
As is well known, the realization of a zero-waste society is strongly desired in a sustainable society. In particular, architectural elements that provide an energy-neutral living environment are attractive. This article presents the novel environmentally friendly architectural elements that generate hydrogen energy by the photosystem II (PSII) solution extracted from waste vegetables. In the present work, as an architectural element, the window (PSII window panel) and roof (PSII roof panel) were fabricated by injecting a PSII solution into a transparent double-layer panel, and the aging properties of the power generation and the appearance of these PSII panels are investigated. It was found that the PSII roof can generate energy for 18 days under the sun shining and can actually drive the electronic device. In addition, the PSII window, for which light intensity is weaker than that for the PSII roof, can maintain power generation for 40 days. These results indicate that the PSII roof and PSII window become the architectural elements generating energy, although the lifespan depends on the total light intensity. Furthermore, as an additional advantage, the roof and window panels composed of the semitransparent PSII panel yield an interior space with the natural color of the leaf, which gradually changes over time from green to yellow. Further, it was also found that the thermal fluctuation of the PSII window is smaller than that of the typical glass window. These results indicate that the roof and window panels composed of the PSII solution extracted from waste vegetables can be used as the actual architectural elements to produce not only the electrical energy but also the beautiful, transparent natural green/yellow spaces.