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1
Valent, Michael. "Luxury Liners Go Green." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 07 (July 1, 1998): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jul-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reviews that twenty-first century passengers on the Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity Cruises are set to make history in style. Up to six of Royal Caribbean’s Voyager- and Millennium-class vessels will be the first cruise ships ever powered by General Electric’s gas turbines. In addition to reducing engine-room noise and vibration and cutting emissions, this propulsion system—a departure from the traditional diesel engine—will make it possible for ships to set sail with a reduced maintenance crew and smaller parts inventory. Royal Caribbean International currently operates a fleet of 12 ships. In the Royal Caribbean application, the GE gas turbine will be used to drive generators that will provide electricity to propeller motors. The steam turbine will recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust for other uses. This combined gas turbine and steam turbine integrated electric drive system represents a departure from diesel engines in more than one respect.
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Y, Kryzhanivskyi, Kryshtopa S, Kryshtopa L, Hnyp M, and Mykytii I. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIESEL ENGINE INDICATORS WORKING ON THE MIXTURES OF BIODIESEL FUELS RECEIVED FROM BLUE-GREEN ALGAE." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 46 (2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2020-1-46-153-162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article considers usage of blue-green algae as biomaterials for creation of motor biofuels. The object of the study is effect of blended biodiesel fuels from blue-green algae on the environmental and energy performances for the diesel engine. The purpose of the work is experimental study of changes of power and ecological characteristics of automobile diesel engines using petroleum diesel and their mixtures with biofuels derived from blue-green algae. Methods of research are experimental, laboratory ones. As a result of performed experimental researches dependences of changing of the effective engine power on the use of diesel fuel and a mixture of diesel fuel with the received bioactive supplements based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20% were established. It has been experimentally established that the effective power of an engine using a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20% will decrease by an average of 0,9, 1,8 and 3,5 %. It has been experimentally determined that the content of carbon monoxide in the use of a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 6,5, 13,9 and 28,7 %. The obtained results allow to optimize the choice of fuels for power systems of internal combustion engines and to reduce emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of automobile diesel engines. KEY WORDS: BIOFUELS, DIESEL ENGINE, ALGAE, POWERFUL CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS.
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Kryshtopa, S. І., L. І. Kryshtopa, М. М. Hnyp, and І. М. Mykytii. "Energy efficiency of diesel engines in the oil and gas industry when transferred to alternative fuels." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-2(32)-88-96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article considers usage of blue-green algae as biomaterials for creation of motor biofuels. Proliferation of blue-green algae leads to water rotting, destruction of aquatic ecosystems and destruction of rivers and lakes that is why clearing of water bodies from blue-green algae is an urgent task. The object of the study is effect of blended biodiesel fuels from blue-green algae on the environmental and energy performances for the diesel engine. The purpose of the work is experimental study of changes of power and ecological characteristics of automobile diesel engines using petroleum diesel and their mixtures with biofuels derived from blue-green algae. Methods of research are experimental, laboratory ones. Laboratory researches were carried out on an experimental installation based on the serial diesel engine D21A1. As a result of performed experimental researches dependences of changing of the effective engine power on the use of diesel fuel and a mixture of diesel fuel with the received bioactive supplements based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % were established. It has been experimentally established that the effective power of an engine using a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 0,9, 1,8 and 3,5 %. It has been experimentally determined that the content of carbon monoxide in the use of a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 6,5, 13,9 and 28,7 %. The obtained results allow to optimize the choice of fuels for power systems of internal combustion engines and to reduce emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of automobile diesel engines.
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Timoshenko, V. I., L. K. Patryliak, Yu V. Knyshenko, V. M. Durachenko, and A. S. Dolinkevych. "Use of a “green” propellant in low-thrust control jet engine systems." Technical mechanics 2021, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2021.04.029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this work is to analyze the state of the art in the development and use of pollution-free (“green”) propellants in low-thrust jet engines used as actuators of spacecraft stabilization and flight control systems and to adapt computational methods to the determination of “green”-propellant engine thrust characteristics. The monopropellant that is now widely used in the above-mentioned engines is hydrazine, whose decomposition produces a jet thrust due to the gaseous reaction products flowing out of a supersonic nozzle. Because of the high toxicity of hydrazine and the complex technology of hydrazine filling, it is important to search for its less toxic substitutes that would compare well with it in energy and mass characteristics. A promising line of this substitution is the use of ion liquids classed with “green” ones. The main components of these propellants are a water solution of an ion liquid and a fuel component. The exothermic thermocatalytic decomposition of a “green” propellant is combined with the combustion of its fuel component and increases the combustion chamber pressure due to the formation of gaseous products, which produces an engine thrust. It is well known that a “green” propellant itself and the products of its decomposition and combustion are far less toxic that hydrazine and the products of its decomposition, The paper presents data on foreign developments of “green” propellants of different types, which are under test in ground (bench) conditions and on a number of spacecraft. The key parameter that governs the efficiency of the jet propulsion system thrust characteristics is the performance of the decomposition and combustion products, which depends on their temperature and chemical composition. The use of equilibrium high-temperature process calculation methods for this purpose is too idealized and calls for experimental verification. Besides, a substantial contribution to the end effect is made by the design features of propellant feed and flow through a fine-dispersed catalyst layer aimed at maximizing the monopropellant-catalyst contact area. As a result, in addition to the computational determination of the thrust characteristics of a propulsion system under design, its experimental tryout is mandatory. The literature gives information on the performance data of “green”-propellant propulsion systems for single engines. However, in spacecraft control engine systems their number may amount to 8–16; in addition, they operate in different regimes and may differ in thrust/throttling characteristics, which leads to unstable propellant feed to operating engines. To predict these processes, the paper suggests a mathematical model developed at the Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine and adapted to “green”-propellant engine systems. The model serves to calculate the operation of low-thrust jet engine systems and describes the propellant flow in propellant feed lines, propellant valves, and combustion chambers. To implement the model, use was made of the results of experimental studies on a prototype “green”-propellant engine developed at Yuzhnoye State Design Office. The analysis of the experimental results made it possible to refine the performance parameters of the monopropellant employed and obtain computational data that may be used in analyzing the operation of a single engine or an engine system on this propellant type in ground and flight conditions
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Smith, David J. "The sustainable and green engine (SAGE) – Aircraft engine of the future?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, no. 4 (October 23, 2016): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316672601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The case of the European Union’s (EU) Clean Sky initiative and its sustainable and green engine programme focuses on a sector where the implications of climate change are likely to be keenly felt in the coming decades, namely air transport. It is a sector where to date there have been few green or eco innovations. The case focuses on a current EU-funded initiative designed to limit the impact of air transport on climate change. The initiative aims to foster innovation through the introduction of open rotor technology to power the next generation of short-/medium-haul airliners. This technology could potentially cut carbon dioxide emissions from commercial aircraft by 100 million tonnes per year. However, it may also prove to be a disruptive technology rendering existing aircraft and possibly some of the firms that produce them, obsolete. As well as introducing some of the features of disruptive technologies, the case highlights both the drivers for and barriers to the successful adoption of green innovations. Another important aspect of the case is that it also highlights the value of appropriate business strategies, such as the use of technology demonstrator programmes, in supporting and facilitating the adoption and diffusion of green innovations.
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Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
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Senthur, N. S., H. Imamulhasan, H. RamGanesh, and S. Shafquath ibn sulthan. "Analysis of Green Fuel for Diesel Engine." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 923 (October 8, 2020): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/923/1/012061.
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Hooper, Peter R. "Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017698304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Securing the objectives for future high-efficiency low-carbon-dioxide vehicles is a key target for automotive manufacturers. This paper considers a high-durability two-stroke cycle engine in terms of performance and computational modelling of the emissions characteristics for automotive range-extender or hybrid electric vehicle power plant application. The engine uses novel segregated pump charging via the application of stepped pistons, and a comparison of the engine characteristics is made with those of a comparable four-stroke cycle engine of similar expected power output (more than 60 kW/l). In the interests of cost minimisation, both engines are limited to parallel two-cylinder in-line configurations with the intention of still being able to achieve acceptably low noise, vibration and harshness characteristics. In order to achieve low engine exhaust emissions, computational modelling of direct injection is considered for the stepped-piston engine. A significant reduction in the nitrogen oxide emissions of between 31% and 55% is observed.
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Srinivasnaik, M., Dr T. V. V. Sudhakar, and Dr B. Balu Naik. "Bio Diesel as an Alternative Green Fuel to Internal Combustion Diesel Engine." Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems.8062.
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Cherednichenko, Oleksandr, Valerii Havrysh, Vyacheslav Shebanin, Antonina Kalinichenko, Grzegorz Mentel, and Joanna Nakonieczny. "Local Green Power Supply Plants Based on Alcohol Regenerative Gas Turbines: Economic and Environmental Aspects." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growing economies need green and renewable energy. Their financial development can reduce energy consumption (through energy-efficient technologies) and replace fossil fuels with renewable ones. Gas turbine engines are widely used in transport and industry. To improve their economic attractiveness and to reduce harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases, alternative fuels and waste heat recovery technologies can be used. A promising direction is the use of alcohol and thermo-chemical recuperation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions of an alcohol-fueled regenerative gas turbine engine with thermo-chemical recuperation. The carbon dioxide emissions have been determined using engine efficiency, fuel properties, as well as life cycle analysis. The engine efficiency was maximized by varying the water/alcohol ratio. To evaluate steam fuel reforming for a certain engine, a conversion performance factor has been suggested. At the optimal water/methanol ratio of 3.075 this technology can increase efficiency by 4% and reduce tank-to-wake emission by 80%. In the last 6 months of 2019, methanol prices were promising for power and cogeneration plants in remote locations. The policy recommendation is that local authorities should pay attention to alcohol fuel and advanced turbines to curb the adverse effects of burning petroleum fuel on economic growth and the environment.
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Bonab, Ramin Solouki, and Rahman Saidur. "Clean Automotive Technology: Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (HHVs)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to reducing emission of internal combustion engines and reducing fuel consumption nowadays, human try to discover efficient internal combustion engines and green engines to protect environment. From last years, there were technologies like turbocharger, hybrid electric and different ways of fuel injection into engine and some others that those were effective in that time. By developing technology human need more efficient engine than past. Also, those technologies have some drawbacks so necessity of new technology is sensible. The new technology that developed by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). HHVs are hybrid vehicle that use pressurized fluid instead of electric power as alternative power source along with internal combustion engine. Hybrid hydraulic vehicles consist of two important part high pressure hydraulic fluid vessels called accumulators, and hydraulic drive pump/motors. These types of vehicles do not need batteries that use in electric vehicle and it is one of expensive part of HEVs.
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Sahoo, Bibhuti B., Niranjan Sahoo, and Ujjwal K. Saha. "Dual Fuel Performance Studies of a Small Diesel Engine Using Green Fuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this work is to review state of art practices and potential in diesel engines using greener fuels. Biogas with jatropha bio-diesel as ignition source was tested in a compression ignition diesel engine at six different loads under dual fuel mode. With a simple modification, the base engine was qualified to a dual fuel operation. For all the loads evaluated, dual fuel mode achieved a possible bio-diesel substitution of about 65%. In addition, it consumed lesser friction power as compared to the diesel mode during the operation. There were reductions in thermal efficiency, cylinder peak pressure and combustion noise under the dual fuel operation than the diesel mode due to lower burning velocity of biogas together with a longer pilot delay. However, this operation registered extremely lower NOx levels at all loads along-with reduced CO emissions at medium and higher loads. While significant increases in hydrocarbon emissions were observed.
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Devasenapati, S. Babu, and K. I. Ramachandran. "Artificial Intelligence Based Green Technology Retrofit for Misfire Detection in Old Engines." International Journal of Green Computing 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgc.2012010104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The core theme of the paper is misfire detection using random forest algorithm and decision tree based machine learning models for emission minimization in gasoline passenger vehicles. The engine block vibration signals are used for misfire detection. The signal is a combination of all vibration emissions of various engine components and also contains the vibration signature due to misfire. The quantum of information available at a given instant is enormous and hence suitable techniques are adopted to reduce the computational load due to redundant information. The random forest algorithm based model and the decision tree model are found to have a consistent high classification accuracy of around 89.7% and 89.3% respectively. From the results obtained the authors conclude that the combination of statistical features and random forest algorithm is suitable for detection of misfire in spark ignition engines and hence contributing to emission minimization in vehicles.
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Akpudo, Ugochukwu Ejike, and Jang-Wook Hur. "An Explainable DL-Based Condition Monitoring Framework for Water-Emulsified Diesel CR Systems." Electronics 10, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite global patronage, diesel engines still contribute significantly to urban air pollution, and with the ongoing campaign for green automobiles, there is an increasing demand for controlling/monitoring the pollution severity of diesel engines especially in heavy-duty industries. Emulsified diesel fuels provide a readily available solution to engine pollution; however, the inherent reduction in engine power, component corrosion, and/or damage poses a major concern for global adoption. Notwithstanding, on-going investigations suggest the need for reliable condition monitoring frameworks to accurately monitor/control the water-diesel emulsion compositions for inevitable cases. This study proposes the use of common rail (CR) pressure differentials and a deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) for empirical diagnostic evaluations (and validations) using a KIA Sorento 2004 four-cylinder line engine as a case study. CR pressure signals were digitally extracted at various water-in-diesel emulsion compositions at various engine RPMs, pre-processed, and used for necessary transient and spectral analysis, and empirical validations. Results reveal high model trustworthiness with an average validation accuracy of 95.9%.
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Beccari, Stefano. "On the Use of a Hydrogen-Fueled Engine in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 12749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hybrid electric vehicles are currently one of the most effective ways to increase the efficiency and reduce the pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. Green hydrogen, produced with renewable energies, is an excellent alternative to fossil fuels in order to drastically reduce engine pollutant emissions. In this work, the author proposes the implementation of a hydrogen-fueled engine in a hybrid vehicle; the investigated hybrid powertrain is the power-split type in which the engine, two electric motor/generators and the drive shaft are coupled together by a planetary gear set; this arrangement allows the engine to operate independently from the wheels and, thus, to exploit the best efficiency operating points. A set of numeric simulations were performed in order to compare the gasoline-fueled engine with the hydrogen-fueled one in terms of the thermal efficiency and total energy consumed during a driving cycle. The simulation results show a mean engine efficiency increase of around 17% when fueled with hydrogen with respect to gasoline and an energy consumption reduction of around 15% in a driving cycle.
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Brouckaert, Jean-François, François Mirville, Kevin Phuah, and Peter Taferner. "Clean Sky research and demonstration programmes for next-generation aircraft engines." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1254 (July 9, 2018): 1163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe Clean Sky Joint Undertaking is currently managing two large-scale research and innovation programmes under FP7 and Horizon 2020 to contribute to the strengthening of the European aeronautical sector ensuring global leadership and competitiveness. This paper describes the research and demonstration programmes in Clean Sky (2008–2017) and Clean Sky 2 (2014–2024) related to propulsion technologies for the next-generation aircraft. The bulk of this work is addressed in Clean Sky 1 under the “Sustainable And Green Engines” (SAGE) programme and under the “ENGINES” programme in Clean Sky 2. The High-Level Objectives are described for each engine architecture as well as the targets in terms of CO2 and noise reduction versus a year 2000 reference unless stated otherwise. An overview of the new engine concepts that would satisfy the ACARE objectives is presented, including the main technologies which are to be developed to ensure the successful demonstration of each of those new engine concepts.
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Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic, Chizoo Esonye, and Akuzuo Uwaoma Ofoefule. "Combustion exhaust release impact, diesel engine performance, and optimization studies of green diesel-petrodiesel blend in a high compression ratio direct-injection compression-ignition engine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 5 (May 2021): 168781402110187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211018778.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reports on the optimum brake-power, surrogate fuel, engine emissions, and efficiency using hybrid model on high compression ratio diesel engines are very imperative for effective application of biodiesel in power and renewable energy generation. This study presents Dyacrodes edulis biodiesel engine performance and combustion release optimization using response surface methodology-genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) as well as the variation of key engine efficiency and exhaust release indices with brake power and fuel blend in a high compression ratio (CR) diesel engine. Combustion emission impacts of the blends with respect to petro-diesel decreased in values except for NOX. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), volumetric efficiency, and exhaust temperature increased with brake power while specific energies decreased with load. Optimum conditions obtained using integrated RSM-GA were 40.03%, 0.05 kg/kW-h, 0.03%, 132.30 ppm, and 18.84 ppm for BTE, BSFC, CO, NOx, and HC respectively at low factor (engine load, engine speed, and fuel blend) conditions. At the optimum conditions, the experimental validation results were 44.01%, 0.05 kg/kW-h, 0.04%, 130.05 ppm, and 20.33 ppm for BTE, BSFC, CO, NOx, and HC respectively. The application of the feedstock in compression ignition engine is viable.
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Brock, Damian, Alexander Koder, Hans-Peter Rabl, Didier Touraud, and Werner Kunz. "New completely renewable biofuels: formulations and engine tests on an unmodified up-to-date diesel engine." Green Chemistry 20, no. 14 (2018): 3308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc00606g.
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Rahaju, Sri Mumpuni Ngesti, Ibham Veza, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Ahmed Sule, Anthony C. Opia, Mohammed Bashir Abdulrahman, and Djati Wibowo Djamari. "Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol as the Next Green Biofuel - A Review." Automotive Experiences 5, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.6335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of diesel engines faces challenging targets to satisfy stringent emissions regulation. To address this issue, the use of alcohol biofuels such as methanol and ethanol has attracted numerous attention due to their physicochemical properties and the possibility to be produced from renewable sources and agricultural waste material. Compared to ethanol, longer carbon alcohol such as butanol has higher energy density and lower latent heat, hygroscopicity, aggressivity, and toxicity. It can also be produced from biomass. Yet, despite its noticeable advantages, the use of butanol in the internal combustion engine is hindered by its low production efficiency. If Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) is further distilled and purified, pure butanol and ethanol can be acquired, but this involves an energy-intensive process, thus increasing the production cost of butanol. To solve this problem, the direct use of ABE as a biofuel is considered a promising strategy. The idea of using ABE directly in internal combustion engines is then proposed to solve the economic issue of high butanol production costs. A scoping literature review was performed to screen and filter previously published papers on ABE by identifying knowledge gaps instead of discussing what is already known. Therefore, repeated and almost identical studies were eliminated, thus reporting only the most significant and impactful published papers. In terms of the objective, this article aims to review the progress of ABE as a promising biofuel in regard to the engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. Focus is also given to ABE’s physicochemical properties. Despite their considerable importance, the fuel properties of ABE are rarely discussed. Therefore, this review article intends to analytically discuss the physicochemical properties of ABE in terms of their calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, and distillation. In general, it is concluded that engine emissions such as NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) could be reduced considerably with the use of ABE. Yet, the BSFC was found to increase due to the relatively lower calorific value and density of ABE blends as opposed to gasoline or diesel fuel, thereby increasing its fuel consumption. In terms of ABE’s fuel properties, in general, ABE can be used due to its satisfying physicochemical properties. However, it should be noted that the ABE-gasoline/diesel blends are greatly influenced by each of its component ratios (acetone, butanol, ethanol).
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Li, Su Hua. "Analysis of Objective Decision for Engine Remanufacturing of Automotive Enterprise Based on AHP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automotive enterprise engaged in the engine remanufacturing will be a sustainable green path，especially on the severe crisis of energy and environment. On the basis of putting forward the necessity of engine remanufacturing，this paper achieves the comprehensive index weights of all remanufactured engine decisions so as to guide enterprises engaged in engine remanufacturing business.
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Loganathan, Karikalan, and Chandrasekaran Manoharan. "Evaluation of performance and emission features of Jatropha biodiesel -turpentine blend as green fuel." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part B (2017): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160625271l.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experimental study was conducted to measure the suitability of jatropha biodiesel-wood turpentine blend as a replacement for diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine. Tests were performed in a 4-stroke, single cylinder, air cooled Diesel engine. The results show that the performance factors for various blends were found to be near to diesel, emission features were improved and combustion characteristics were found to be comparable with diesel. The brake thermal efficiency of the blends establishes 9.2% lower than that of diesel at 75% load. Brake specific fuel consumption increases for blends at part load and remains same at full load. The CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced by 75, 64-78, and 33-66%, respectively, compared to diesel at 75% load. Nitric oxides were increased. Jatropha biodiesel-wood turpentine blends offered comparable performance and combustion features, reduced emissions and it is capable of replacing standard diesel in compression ignition engines.
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Omer, Abdeen Mustafa. "THE ROLE OF GREEN ENERGY SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." EPH - International Journal of Applied Science 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijas.v2i1.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
People are relying upon oil for primary energy and this will continue for a few more decades. Other conventional sources may be more enduring, but are not without serious disadvantages. The renewable energy resources are particularly suited for the provision of rural power supplies and a major advantage is that equipment such as flat plate solar driers, wind machines, etc., can be constructed using local resources. Without the advantage results from the feasibility of local maintenance and the general encouragement such local manufacture gives to the buildup of small-scale rural based industry. This communication comprises a comprehensive review of energy sources, the environment and sustainable development. It includes the renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, energy savings in greenhouses environment and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce climate change. This study gives some examples of small-scale energy converters, nevertheless it should be noted that small conventional, i.e., engines are currently the major source of power in rural areas and will continue to be so for a long time to come. There is a need for some further development to suit local conditions, to minimise spares holdings, to maximise the interchangeability of the engine parts, and of the engine applications. Emphasis should be placed on full local manufacture. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented and demonstrated by a fullscale plant (device) especially for use in remote rural areas.
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Khairil, Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah, Samsul Bahri, Sarwo Edhy Sofyan, Jalaluddin Jalaluddin, Fitranto Kusumo, Arridina Susan Silitonga, Yanti Padli, Muhammad Jihad, and Abd Halim Shamsuddin. "Experimental Study on the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil–Gasoline Blends." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pyrolyzed waste plastic-based green fuel has been reported to be used as an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Some of the main challenges for implementing this in current automotive technology include evaluating engine performance, emission, noise vibration harshness (NVH), and knock characteristics of this fuel. This study focuses on the engine performance of poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET)-based waste plastic oil (WPO) at varying engine speed conditions. The pyrolysis of mixed-waste plastic was carried out at 300 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. Physicochemical properties such as viscosity, density, calorific value, sulfur, and research octane number (RON) of the plastic fuel and its blends with gasoline were analyzed using ASTM standard test methods. The WPO was blended with two different types of gasoline (RON88 and RON90) at 10, 20, and 30%, and was tested in a spark-ignition (SI) engine. The experimental results showed that different WPO–gasoline blends can be used in an SI engine without any engine modifications, and the performance indicators for different blends were found to be close to that of pure gasoline. The brake power and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were found to be 4.1 kW and 0.309 kg/kW h, respectively. The 10% WPO and 90% RON90 blend produced optimal engine performance at 3500 rpm.
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Prasath, B. Rajendra, Porai P. Tamil, Mohd F. Shabir, P. K. Devan, and S. Vigneshvaran. "Combustion and Performance Analysis of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine Using Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Use of biodiesel in diesel engine is becoming popular due to its advantages such as eco friendly, green fuel, low cost and most importantly it is a renewable fuel. In the recent scenario of increased diesel fuel cost and environmental issues, the use of biodiesel in internal combustion engines in transport sector provides energy security along with environmental protection. The chemically treated vegetable oil called biodiesel can be produced from either edible or non edible oils through commonly known transesterification process. In this investigation, biodiesel produced from non edible jatropha oil has been used in a single cylinder water cooled stationary diesel engine to assess the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance characteristics of biodiesel are similar to that of diesel fuel operation and emission levels are lower than the diesel fuel. The use of low cost biodiesel in diesel engines leads to same power output with lower emission levels which in turn leads to a global revolution in possessing a renewable fuel at stake and also assures energy security and environmental cleanliness.
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SOU, Akira. "Green Multi-Phase Flow Technology for Marine Diesel Engine." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW 27, no. 1 (2013): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/jjmf.27.26.
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Ariani, Betty, and Dedy Wahyudi. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Biodiesel-Biogas Percentage on Performance Characters and Dual Fuel Engine Emissions as Green Technology on Ship." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v19i1.44125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The discourse on the application of green technology in the maritime sector is an interesting agenda to implement. The development of the world of shipping transportation which continues to experience an increase in numbers and services creates new problems in terms of fuel supply and the resulting emissions. So that the development of innovation and technology for ship machinery should be directly related to fossil fuel substitution technology, operational efficiency technology, improving performance and reducing emissions from the engine itself to be achievements and targets. Good engine performance directly has an impact on increasing the operational efficiency of the ship and being a good carrying capacity in the environment with minimal emission levels. A dual-fuel engine is one of the engine system concepts that has several advantages, such as simple and relatively easy modifications and the use of natural gas which tends to be cleaner. Biodiesel and biogas are examples of alternative fuels that are expected to be promising solutions for marine engineering. This research uses a numerical study on the application of dual fuel engines, the percentage of biodiesel-biogas is carried out with variations of 50:50 and 25:75, at a constant engine speed of 2200 RPM. Simulations were carried out to see the results of how the engine performance, cylinder pressure, heat release rate and HC and NOx emissions were at a constant speed variation of the fuel percentage test NOx emission decreased at a higher biogas percentage, for UHC it increased at a higher biogas percentage, it is possible to add oxygen intake through a turbocharger or supercharger as an auxiliary equipment.
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Reddy, P. Srinivas, M. V. S. Murali Krishna, and Narsimhulu Sanke. "Investigations on exhaust emissions of insulated diesel engine fuelled with algae oil blended with nano particles." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S17—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetable oils are good substitutes for diesel, as they are renewable, comparable calorific value and cetane (measure of combustion quality) number when compared with neat diesel operation. However, the disadvantages associated with vegetable oils such as high viscosity and low volatility cause combustion problems in diesel engines, which call for low heat rejection (LHR) engine, consisting of air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They cause health hazards, once they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental effects like Green-house effect and Global Warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx, CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine fuelled with algae oil blended with optimum quantity of diethyl ether (DEE) mixed with copper nano particles with varied injection timing with both versions of the engine such as conventional engine (CE) and LHR engine and compared with diesel operation on conventional engine. Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. The pollutants of PM, CO and UBHC were drastically reduced with test fuel with advanced injection timing with both versions of the engine. However, NOx emissions increased with LHR engine.
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Huang, Xing, Lei Li, Jingsheng Zhang, Dengfeng Yin, Xinjian Hu, and Peibing Du. "An Aero-Engine Damage Detection Method with Low-Energy Consumption Based on Multi-Layer Contrastive Learning." Electronics 11, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The health of aero-engines is pivotal to the safe operation of aircraft. With increasing service time, the internal components of the engine will be damaged by threats from different sources, so it is necessary to regularly detect the damage inside the engine. At present, most of the detection methods of major airlines rely on the internal images of the engine obtained by manual use of a borescope to detect damage or traditional machine learning methods, which consume high levels of human and computational resources but have low efficiency. Artificial intelligence in various fields can achieve better performance than traditional methods, but to achieve the industrialization standard of Green AI, we need further research. Accordingly, we introduce a multi-layer contrastive learning method to a lightweight target detection model design, which is applied to real aero-engine borescope images of complex components to accomplish real-time damage detection. We intensively conduct comparative experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. The verification results demonstrate that the method can help our model perform excellently compared with other available baseline models.
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Pujari, Vimal K., Ara Vartabedian, and William T. Collins. "Advanced Machining Technology for Gas Turbine and Heat Engine Components." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1765.
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Cost effective ceramic manufacturing with green and dense machining perspectives has been described. An advanced CNC green machining based complex shape forming technology developed at Saint-Gobain is described which has been shown to be robust and capable of rapid prototyping. Utilizing a systems approach involving green blank properties, type of cutting tools and machining parameters the procedure has been optimized. Integral Bladed Rotors (IBR) for microturbine applications have been fabricated with dimensional controls within 0.15% and successfully spin tested at 143330 rpm without failure. Following this approach, a cost effective machining and prototype fabrication procedure is under development for IBR and Vane rings for various civilian and military applications.
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Mariani, Valerio, Gian Marco Bianchi, Giulio Cazzoli, and Stefania Falfari. "A one-dimensional model for the motor oil-fuel dilution under gasoline engine boundary conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019706004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays the climate change caused by the green-house effect increasing is a world-wide issue with which scientists have to face. Being the passenger vehicles filled with fossil fuels, the emission of the carbon dioxide green-house gas is unavoidable. In order to slowdown both the global warming and the fossil fuels wasting, lower fuel consumptions, thus high efficiency engines, are required. Currently, the coupled use of downsizing and direct injection in spark ignited engines meets both high efficiency and power-demand requirements. Being downsized engines more compact, the distance between the injector and the engine walls are shorter. Thus, depending on the engine operating condition, the fuel spray wall impingement may occur leading to the formation of a liquid fuel film. If the wall impingement occurs against the cylinder liner wall, which is wetted by a thin oil layer, the motor oil and the landed fuel dilute until the piston arrival. At this time, the mass transport by diffusion have promoted the creation of an oil-fuel mixture. Thus, while thicker part of the mixture layer is scraped into the piston top land crevice, the thinner, whose properties are degraded by the fuel contamination, remains on the cylinder liner. The mixture accumulated inside the crevice may be scattered due to the piston inertia leading to the oil detachment and transport in the combustion chamber. The latter may cause both abnormal combustions named preignitions at high loads and increased particulate emissions at low loads, cold states, and cat-heating. This paper reports the implementation of a onedimensional numerical model for the dilution between fuel and motor oil in a stroke of a gasoline engine. The model aims to give the composition of the oil-fuel mixture both on the cylinder liner after the piston arrival and in the piston top land crevice.
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Orhan, Ilkay. "Estimation of helicopter emission and greenest helicopters for London." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 1333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2021-0082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This study aims to estimate the greenest helicopters and the emission amount based on the helicopter movement within the London Heathrow and London city control zone. Design/methodology/approach The helicopter flight data recorded by the UK’s specialist aviation regulator Civil Aviation Authority and the helicopter type with engine emission data from the Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) were used for calculation. Based on the approach adopted, the greenest and the most environmentally friendly helicopters were identified for a light-duty helicopter with single-engine, a light-duty helicopter with twin-engine and a heavy-duty helicopter with twin-engine. Findings Comparing a flight consisting of landing and take-off cycle, and 1-h phase based on helicopters emissions in the FOCA database, B06 with DDA250-C20R single-engine in the light utility, A109 with PT6B-37 twin-engine in the light utility, and the A139 helicopter with the PT6C-67C twin-engine in the high utility has been identified as the most environmentally friendly helicopter. Practical implications This study provides the opportunity to compare between the best and the worst helicopter with engine type according to the emission values released to the environment. Originality/value This study raises awareness of the emission levels caused by helicopter in urban air transport in developed countries in terms of environmental and human health. It also provides justification for the authorities to encourage the development and use of green engines and technologies.
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Xiaoning, Xu. "Research on aero engines based on green energy saving." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a bridge between the economy and society, air transportation plays an important role, and the aircraft engine, which is the “heart” of the aircraft, is the key to achieve all this. However, in recent years, the particulate matter emission and carbon dioxide greenhouse effect of aircraft have brought serious pollution to the world and are of great concern. Therefore, this paper will be based on the concepts of low carbon, green, energy saving, environmental protection and safety, as well as the social development requirements of carbon balance. By studying the pollution sources and elimination methods of aviation engines, further analyzing the development process of green aviation in China and the experience and inspiration of developing green aviation in Europe, the paper aims to propose innovative development ideas in the field of aviation power in order to better serve economic development and social progress.
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Rabbani, Mohammad Attalique, M. V. S. Murali Krishna, and P. Usha Sree. "Reduction of Pollutants of Insulated Diesel Engine with Plastic Oil with Supercharging." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): S284—S290. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.043.
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This paper aims at alternative fuel technology for diesel engine and environmental protection. The exhaust emissions from diesel engine are particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxide (NOx ) levels, carbon mono oxide (CO) emissions and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and cause severe health hazards when they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental disorders like Global warming, Green-House effect, acid rain etc,. Hence control of these emissions is urgent and an immediate step. Vegetable oils and alcohols are important substitutes for diesel fuel, as they are renewable in nature. Though vegetable oils have comparable properties with diesel fuel, however, they have high viscosity and low volatility causing combustion problems in diesel engines. Alcohols have high volatility but low Cetane number (a measure of combustion quality in diesel engine). Plastic oil derived from waste plastic collected from debris by the process of pyrolysis has equitant calorific value with diesel fuel. However, its viscosity is higher than diesel fuel calls for low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine. The concept of LHR diesel engine is to minimize the heat flow to the coolant there by increase of thermal efficiency. This LHR engine is useful for burning high viscous and low calorific value fuels. LHR engine consisted of ceramic coated cylinder head engine. The exhaust emissionsof PM, CO, NOx and UBHC with plastic oil were determined with conventional engine (CE) and LHR engine with varied injection timing at full load operation of the engine. Injection timing was varied with an electronic sensor. PM was determined by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx , CO and UBHC were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi gas analyzer at full load operation of the engine. The data was compared with neat diesel operation on conventional engine.
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Rahayu, Sri Mumpuni Ngesti, April Lia Hananto, Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Muhammad Zacky Asy'ari, Ahmed Sule, Muhammad Idris, Dhany Hermansyah, Shuaibu Alani Balogun, and Esam Abu Baker Ali. "A Review of automotive green technology: Potential of butanol as biofuel in gasoline engine." Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry 2, no. 2 (July 16, 2022): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In comparison to ethanol biofuel, butanol is considerably less corrosive, permitting the utilization of existing infrastructures used to ship gasoline or diesel for its distribution. Less corrosive also means that butanol can be utilized with no engine alteration. If butanol is mixed with water, it is less likely to split from the main fuel, thus facilitating the storage and distribution of blended fuels. Butanol also comprises a comparable energy content to petrol fuel, with 25% more energy density/liter as opposed to ethanol. All these excellent qualities have led to higher engine performance, enabling the vehicles to achieve higher mileage using butanol with no significant issue. Several challenges and future research directions are discussed and in the last section of this review article, we emphasize the importance of an optical engine to diagnose engine combustion in more detail. The consequence of using butanol on spark ignition engine on cold start and knock phenomena are also worth investigating. Results on the spray, the pressure inside the cylinder, rate of heat release, and detonation are thus required.
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Woo, Chang Su, Wan Doo Kim, and Shin Hur. "Fatigue Life Evaluation of Automotive Engine Mount Insulator." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.649.
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Fatigue life of automotive engine mount insulator made of natural rubber was evaluated. In order to develop an appropriate fatigue damage parameter of the rubber material, a series of displacement controlled fatigue tests was conducted using 3-dimensional dumbbell specimens with different levels of mean displacement. It was shown that the maximum Green-Lagrange strain was a proper damage parameter, taking the mean displacement effects into account. Nonlinear finite element analyses of the rubber engine mount insulator and 3D dumbbell specimen were performed based on a hyper-elastic material model determined from the simple and equi-biaxial tension tests. Fatigue life prediction of the engine mount insulator was made by incorporating the maximum Green-Lagrange strain values, which was evaluated from the finite element analysis and fatigue tests, respectively. Predicted fatigue lives of the engine mount insulator showed a fairly good agreement with the experimental fatigue lives.
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Lee, Taedong, and Jeroen van der Heijden. "Does the knowledge economy advance the green economy? An evaluation of green jobs in the 100 largest metropolitan regions in the United States." Energy & Environment 30, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18787300.
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Institutions of higher education are significant economic engines and innovative places in local economies: they directly employ large numbers of people, often with well-paying jobs; they are magnets for businesses that service the student population; they educate and often assist students in securing first jobs; and they partner with local organizations and businesses to provide students with hands-on experiences while “giving-back” to the community. In this article, we examine the impact that institutions of higher education have as an engine of growth for the green economy and, specifically, assess their impact on the development of green jobs. Green jobs have been touted as an important strategy to simultaneously address both the economic downturn and environmental degradation. This article empirically assesses the impact that the knowledge economy has on the presence of green jobs in the 100 largest metropolitan regions in the United States. Our findings suggest that enhanced higher education and sustainability-oriented departments and centers have a positive impact on green job development in urban regions.
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Igartua, Amaya, Gemma Mendoza, Xana Fernandez, Borja Zabala, Alberto Alberdi, Raquel Bayon, and Ana Aranzabe. "Surface Treatments Solutions to Green Tribology." Coatings 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070634.
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The objective of this paper is to highlight the need to combine lifecycle environmental assessment with durability evaluation (tribology and engine tests) to evaluate the potential of surface technologies to contribute to the green deal, in order to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent. Tribology is a scientific discipline that allows one to understand the system reaction to friction and wear. Tribological testing machines are prepared to measure friction at the laboratory level to minimize the wear and heat dissipation of two bodies in relative movement, thus improving the energy efficiency and minimizing CO2 emissions. In this paper, different surface technologies, such as high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and clean Cr electrolytic processes, are analyzed as promising surface technology solutions from both performance and environmental impact perspectives to replace harmful Cr(VI) coatings. The tribology simulates the working conditions of the real system at the laboratory level, reproducing the failure mechanism and facilitating the laboratory screening of the energy efficiency and durability of materials solutions for certain tribological systems—in this case, engine components. The tribological test results give information about the behavior of materials, while the engine tests gives information about the behavior of components. In this paper, the environmental impact of the production process of the coatings is also analyzed. Two hard chrome processes are compared, demonstrating that by controlling the production process it is possible to significantly reduce the environmental impact of the chrome-plated process, minimizing the environmental impact to that of PVD coatings. The environmental impact of the tested HVOF process is lower than traditional Cr(VI)-plated coatings but higher than PVD coatings. Combining the information from the lifecycle assessment (LCA) and tribological studies, it is possible to assess both the performance and the environmental impact of the surface treatments. This methodology is a tool to that can be used minimize CO2 emissions at the design phase to improve the energy efficiency of products and processes.
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Sumanto and Insani Abdi Bangsa. "ANALISIS KINERJA DAN SISTEM PEMELIHARAAN GENERATOR SET (GENSET) PADA APARTEMENT GREEN CENTRAL CITY." Aisyah Journal Of Informatics and Electrical Engineering (A.J.I.E.E) 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30604/jti.v5i1.127.
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ABSTRACT
The existence of a generator in the apartment is very very important. If the main electricity supply from PLN is off or under repair, the generator will work as a power supply for backup electricity. The size of the generator has an important role in generating electricity. The generator component consists of a power generator with a series of propulsion engines that work together to produce a certain amount of electricity using fuel. The place where this research was carried out was at the Green Central City Apartment. The generator used by the Green Central City Apartment is a generator with the MAN brand with type D2842 – LE213 as many as 3 units. The capacity of the generator used at Green Central City Apartments is 800 kVA and 700 kVA. The generator maintenance process at the Green Central City Apartment is carried out regularly. The process of checking the generator is carried out by checking several important components such as the condition of the battery, fuel supply, radiator water, and engine oil. In addition, the generator engine will be turned on as a step to heat the engine and also record data on the generator which can be seen on the control panel. Further maintenance is carried out based on the operating hours of the generator. For the treatment process, follow the procedure.
Keywords: Generator; Apartement; Maintenance
ABSTRAK
Keberadaan Genset di Apartement sangat amat penting. Jika pasokan listrik utama dari PLN sedang mati atau dalam perbaikan makan Genset akan bekerja sebagai Power Supply untuk cadangan listrik. Ukuran genset memiliki peran penting dalam menghasilkan besaran listrik. Komponen Genset terdiri atas pembangkit tenaga dengan rangkaian mesin penggerak yang bekerja sama untuk menghasilkan listrik daya tertentu menggunakan bahan bakar. Tempat pelaksaan dari penelitian ini dilakukan pada Apartemen Green Central City.Genset yang digunakan oleh Apartemen Green Central City yaitu Genset Dengan Merek MAN dengan tipe D2842 – LE213 sebanyak 3 unit. Kapasitas genset yang digunakan pada Apartemen Green Central City adalah 800 kVA dan 700 kVA. Untuk proses pemeliharaan genset di Apartemen Green Central City ini dilakukan secara berkala. Proses pengecekan genset dilakukan dengan pengecekan beberapa komponen penting seperti kondisi baterai, persediaan bahan bakar, air radiator, serta oli mesin. Selain itu juga mesin genset akan dinyalakan sebagai langkah untuk memanaskan mesin dan juga mencatat data – data pada genset yang dapat dilihat pada panel kontol. Untuk perawatan selanjutnya dilakukan berdasarkan jam operasional dari genset. Untuk proses perawatannya mengikuti prosedur.
Kata Kunci: Genset; Apartemen; Pemeliharaan
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Furukawa, Toshihiko. "Capacitors for Internal Combustion Engine Starting with Green Technology DLCAPTM." World Electric Vehicle Journal 3, no. 2 (June 26, 2009): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj3020233.
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Najjar, Yousef S. H., and Ghassan M. Tashtoush. "Performance analysis of green engine-driven systems for space cooling." International Journal of Ambient Energy 37, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2014.882865.
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Othman, Mohd Fahmi, Abdullah Adam, G. Najafi, and Rizalman Mamat. "Green fuel as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80 (December 2017): 694–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.140.
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Zlenko, M. A., and A. S. Terenchenko. "E-fuels – last hope for internal combustion engine." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-4-15-34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In July 2021, the EU approved the Fit for 55 package, one of the aims of which was to completely cease manufacturing vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) in the EU by 2035. Will this happen or does the ICE still have chances to remain a part of the vehicle powertrain for a long time to come? In recent years, the topic of so-called e-fuels or electrofuels – synthetic fuels created based on green hydrogen (produced with the help of green electricity) and carbon dioxide extracted from the atmosphere – has been extensively discussed in Europe and in the USA. Their main advantage, as the supporters of e-fuels claim, is that they are produced from renewable natural materials – water and air – and are ecologically neutral. Is it true and will e-fuels save the ICE?
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Romański, Andrzej, and Elżbieta Cygan-Bączek. "High Performance Valve Seat Materials for CNG Powered Combustion Engines." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174860.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conventional copper infiltrated high speed steel (HSS) valve seats used in gasoline engines are not suitable for CNG combustion because the exhaust gas temperature is at least 80 °C higher, which drastically shortens the service life of the engine valves. Therefore, a proprietary high-alloy HSS-base material was designed to combat hot corrosion and mechanical wear of valve seat faces in CNG fuelled engines. A batch of −100 mesh water atomized HSS powder was commissioned. The powder was vacuum annealed in order to reduce oxygen content and increase its compressibility. To improve the final part machinability, 1.2% MnS was admixed to the HSS powder prior to compaction. The green compacts were sintered at 1135 °C in nitrogen to around 83% TD and subsequently infiltrated with a copper alloy. After installing the valve seat components on a cylinder head, the engine was tested for 100 h according to the automotive industry valve seat wear test procedures. Both the periodic 8-h checks as well as the final examination of the valve seats showed very slow wear, indicating their suitability for CNG powered engines.
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Potenza, Magda Elvira Cassone, Maria Rosaria Gaballo, Antonio Arvizzigno, Giuseppe Anaclerio, Marco Torresi, and Sergio Mario Camporeale. "3D CFD analysis of Mixture Formation in Direct-Injection Hydrogen-fueled Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The European Green Deal for halving greenhouse gases emissions by 2030, compared to those of 1990s, and the resulting conversion in road transport from 2035 imply the need for the automotive field. Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines show a good potential to satisfy the transition towards the carbon neutrality. In particular, direct injection of hydrogen in spark-ignited internal combustion engines have great efficiency potentialities, nonetheless the design optimization of the injection systems needs extensive analysis for the evaluation of the hydrogen-air mixing processes under different engine operating conditions. Transient simulations of the gas-exchange process and fuel injection and mixing are fully described within this paper for two different commercial CFD codes namely, AVL-Fire and Ansys-Fluent. Both codes use the finite-volume approach to discretize the governing equations. Numerical results from the two commercial codes have been compared against the experimental data provided by the Argonne National Laboratories in terms of contours of fuel mole-fractions and velocity-field vectors, resulting from applying laser-based techniques on an optically accessible, single-cylinder engine.
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Chiavola, O., and E. Recco. "Emission Performance of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Petrol Diesel, Green Diesel, and Waste Cooking Oil Blends." Journal of Combustion 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4819175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an experimental research on the impact of mixing ratio of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and an innovative diesel fuel (in which a renewable component is contained) on the emissions of an up-to-date light and compact small engine that has a leading role in city cars and urban vehicles. Two blends’ mixing ratios (20% and 40% by volume) were tested and the results were compared to those obtained when the engine was operated with low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and ULSD blended with 15% by volume of renewable diesel. The results indicate that diesel+ enhances CO and HC emissions in the exhaust as regards ULSD. Blending diesel+ with WCO causes a further reduction for most of the engine operative field. Concerning particulate emission, accumulation mode dominates for all fuels. Diesel+ is always characterized by lower mean diameters as regards ULSD. The addition of WCO further reduces the court mean diameter. Particle number concentration obtained by fuelling the engine with B40 is the lowest as regards all the other tested fuels. Concerning NOx, a moderate increase of the emission was observed when fuelling the engine with diesel+, net or in blends.
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Pushparaj, T., and S. Ramabalan. "Green Fuel Design for Diesel Engine, Combustion, Performance and Emission Analysis." Procedia Engineering 64 (2013): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.145.
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Liu, Yangshuo, Jianshe Kang, Chiming Guo, and Yunjie Bai. "Diesel engine small-sample transfer learning fault diagnosis algorithm based on STFT time–frequency image and hyperparameter autonomous optimization deep convolutional network improved by PSO–GWO–BPNN surrogate model." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 993–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Aiming at the problems of complex diesel engine cylinder head signals, difficulty in extracting fault information, and existing deep learning fault diagnosis algorithms with many training parameters, high time cost, and high data volume requirements, a small-sample transfer learning fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed in this article. First, the fault vibration signal of the diesel engine is converted into a three-channel red green blue (RGB) short-time Fourier transform time–frequency diagram, which reduces the randomness of artificially extracted features. Then, for the problem of slow network training and large sample size requirements, the AlexNet convolutional network and the ResNet-18 convolutional network are fine-tuned on the diesel engine time–frequency map samples as pre-training models with the transfer diagnosis strategy. In addition, to improve the training effect of the network, a surrogate model is introduced to autonomously optimize the hyperparameters of the network. Experiments show that, when compared to other commonly used methods, the transfer fault diagnosis algorithm proposed in this article can obtain high classification accuracy in the diagnosis of diesel engines while maintaining very stable performance under the condition of small samples.
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Beccari, Stefano, and Emiliano Pipitone. "A New Simple Function for Combustion and Cyclic Variation Modeling in Supercharged Spark Ignition Engines." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 3796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research in the field of Internal Combustion (IC) engines focuses on the drastic reduction of both pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. A promising alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel is represented by the use of gaseous fuels, above all green hydrogen but also Natural Gas (NG). In previous works, the authors investigated the performance, efficiency, and emissions of a supercharged Spark Ignition (SI) engine fueled with mixtures of gasoline and natural gas; a detailed research involving the combustion process of this kind of fuel mixture has been previously performed and a lot of experimental data have been collected. Combustion modeling is a fundamental tool in the design and optimization process of an IC engine. A simple way to simulate the combustion evolution is to implement a mathematical function that reproduces the mass fraction burned (MFB) profile; the most used for this purpose is the Wiebe function. In a previous work, the authors proposed an innovative mathematical model, the Hill function, that allowed a better interpolation of experimental MFB profiles when compared to the Wiebe function. In the research work presented here, both the traditional Wiebe and the innovative Hill function have been calibrated using experimental MFB profiles obtained from a supercharged SI engine fueled with mixtures of gasoline and natural gas in different proportions; the two calibrated functions have been implemented in a zero-dimensional (0-D) SI engine model and compared in terms of both Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and cyclic pressure variation prediction reliability. It was found that the Hill function allows a better IMEP prediction for all the operating conditions tested (several engine speeds, supercharging pressures, and fuel mixtures), with a maximum prediction error of 2.7% compared to 4.3% of the Wiebe function. A further analysis was also performed regarding the cyclic pressure variation that affects all the IC engines during combustion and may lead to irregular engine operation; in this case, the Hill function proved to better predict the cyclic pressure variation with respect to the Wiebe function.
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Koščak Kolin, Sonja, Vincenzo Naso, Antonello Binni, and Antun Bošnjak. "Possibilities of the power optimization in the Stirling cogeneration engine fuelled by the natural gas." E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131301002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the energy efficiency is at the heart of the integrated European Union energy policy, which aims to protect the environment through various research projects, the application of the Stirling engine for diffused electricity generation is one of the possible paths for low-carbon application. That is today particularly topical, just looking at the major interest paid at European level at the energy communities, also in terms of incentives and policies facilitating and supporting such initiatives. Although the tested engine V-160 runs on natural gas, its emissions can be neglected in comparison with the internal combustion engines, due to the much more favourable external combustion under the lower pressures and temperatures, as well as to the working medium, which is helium. Next step, becoming every day more and more relevant, will be using hydrogen as a clean (and green) fuel. A major advantage of the proposed engine for use in power generation is the constant speed under different loads. According to the thorough parametric analysis after 200 hours of operation of the engine at the University of Rome La Sapienza, new evidence of the possibilities of performance improvement was obtained. Compared to the Stirling engine with low temperature difference, it has a much lower Schmidt factor of about 21%, which means that a real thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle could be improved. The scope of the analysis was to determine the power that is changed due to the mass of helium and the power that is changed due to the temperature difference. Based on the experimental data, it is found that the temperature difference and the mass of the working medium have a reciprocal relationship. In such a working condition, the engine power is simultaneously increased due to the greater mass of helium, but at the same time decreased due to the decrease in the temperature difference, which is not valid for other types of Stirling engines. The resulting power can be optimized according to a new expression, presented in the paper.
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Teja, K. M. V. Ravi, P. Issac Prasad, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, N. R. Banapurmath, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, T. M. Yunus Khan, and Irfan Anjum Badruddin. "Influence of Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of CRDI Engine Powered with Biodiesel Blends." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmentally friendly, renewable, and green fuels have many benefits over fossil fuels, particularly regarding energy efficiency, in addition to addressing environmental and socioeconomic problems. As a result, green fuels can be used in transportation and power generating applications. Furthermore, being green can ably address the emission-related issues of global warming. In view of the advantages of renewable fuels, two B20 fuel blends obtained from methyl esters of cashew nutshell (CHNOB), jackfruit seed (JACKFSNOB), and jamun seed oils (JAMSOB) were selected to evaluate the performance of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. Compatibility of the nozzle geometry (NG) and combustion chamber shape (CCS) were optimized for increased engine performance. The optimized CCS matched with an increased number of injector nozzle holes in NG showed reasonably improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE), reduced emissions of smoke, HC, and CO, respectively, while NOx increased. Further combustion parameters, such as ignition delay (ID) and combustion duration (CD) reduced, while peak pressure (PP) and heat release rates (HRR) increased at the optimized injection parameters. The CRDI engine powered with JAMSOB B20 showed an increase in BTE of 4–5%, while a significant reduction in HC and CO emissions was obtained compared to JACKFSNOB B20 and CHNOB B20, with increased NOx.