Статті в журналах: "Green Chemistry Separation"

1

Rogers, Luke, and Klavs F. Jensen. "Continuous manufacturing – the Green Chemistry promise?" Green Chemistry 21, no. 13 (2019): 3481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00773c.

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2

Clark, James H. "Catalysis for green chemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173010103.

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The use of heterogenization as a method for achieving clean synthesis is discussed. The chemical modification of mesoporous solids can be used to make a range of catalysts, including solid acids and bases, and stable metal complexes for selective oxidations and other reactions. By avoiding an aqueous quench stage in the separation, the heterogenization of catalysts and reagents can lead to substantial reductions in waste produced in organic chemical manufacturing processes.

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3

Sahoo, Tejaswini, Jagannath Panda, Jnanaranjan Sahu, Dayananda Sarangi, Sunil K. Sahoo, Braja B. Nanda, and Rojalin Sahu. "Green Solvent: Green Shadow on Chemical Synthesis." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 6 (September 25, 2020): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200506102535.

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The natural beauty and purity of our planet has been contaminated deeply due to human selfish activities such as pollution, improper waste management, and various industrial and commercial discharges of untreated toxic by-products into the lap of nature. The collective impact of these hazardous suspensions into the natural habitat is very deadly. Challenges due to human activity on the environment have become ubiquitous. The chemical industry has a major role in human evolution and, predictably, opened gates of increased risk of pollution if the production is not done sustainably. In these circumstances, the notion of Green Chemistry has been identified as the efficient medium of synthesis of chemicals and procedures to eradicate the toxic production of harmful substances. Principles of Green Chemistry guide the scientist in their hunt towards chemical synthesis which requires the use of solvents. These solvents contaminate our air, water, land and surrounding due to its toxic properties. Even though sufficient precautions are taken for proper disposal of these solvents but it is difficult to be recycled. In order to preserve our future and coming generation from the adverse impacts associated with solvents it is very important to find alternative of this which will be easy to use, reusable and also eco-friendly. Solvents are used daily in various industrial processes as reaction medium, as diluters, and in separation procedures. As reaction medium, the role of solvent is to bring catalysts and reactants together and to release heat thus affecting activity and selectivity. The proper selection of the solvent considering its biological, physical and chemical properties is very necessary for product separation, environmental, safety handling and economic factors. Green solvents are the boon in this context. They are not only environmentally benign but also cost effective. The biggest challenge faced by the chemists is adaptation of methods and selection of solvents during chemical synthesis which will give negligible waste product and will remain human and nature friendly. During designing compounds for a particular reaction it is difficult to give assurance regarding the toxicity and biodegradability of the method. Chemists are still far away from predicting the various chemical and biological effects of the compounds on the back of the envelope. To achieve that point is formidable task but it will definitely act as inspiration for the coming generation of chemists. The green solvents are undoubtedly a far better approach to eliminate the negative impacts and aftermath of any chemical synthesis on the environment. Our study in this review covers an overview of green solvents, their role in safer chemical synthesis with reference to some of the important green solvents and their detail summarization.

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4

Namieśnik, Jacek. "Green analytical chemistry - Some remarks." Journal of Separation Science 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010201)24:2<151::aid-jssc151>3.0.co;2-4.

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5

Dembek, Mikołaj, and Szymon Bocian. "Stationary Phases for Green Liquid Chromatography." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020419.

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Industrial research, including pharmaceutical research, is increasingly using liquid chromatography techniques. This involves the production of large quantities of hazardous and toxic organic waste. Therefore, it is essential at this point to focus interest on solutions proposed by so-called “green chemistry”. One such solution is the search for new methods or the use of new materials that will reduce waste. One of the most promising ideas is to perform chromatographic separation using pure water, without organic solvents, as a mobile phase. Such an approach requires novel stationary phases or specific chromatographic conditions, such as an elevated separation temperature. The following review paper aims to gather information on stationary phases used for separation under purely aqueous conditions at various temperatures.

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6

Sagandykova, Gulyaim, Michał Szumski, and Bogusław Buszewski. "How much separation sciences fit in the green chemistry canoe?" Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 30 (August 2021): 100495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100495.

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7

Donato, Laura, Imen Iben Nasser, Mustapha Majdoub, and Enrico Drioli. "Green Chemistry and Molecularly Imprinted Membranes." Membranes 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2022): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050472.

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Technological progress has made chemistry assume a role of primary importance in our daily life. However, the worsening of the level of environmental pollution is increasingly leading to the realization of more eco-friendly chemical processes due to the advent of green chemistry. The challenge of green chemistry is to produce more and better while consuming and rejecting less. It represents a profitable approach to address environmental problems and the new demands of industrial competitiveness. The concept of green chemistry finds application in several material syntheses such as organic, inorganic, and coordination materials and nanomaterials. One of the different goals pursued in the field of materials science is the application of GC for producing sustainable green polymers and membranes. In this context, extremely relevant is the application of green chemistry in the production of imprinted materials by means of its combination with molecular imprinting technology. Referring to this issue, in the present review, the application of the concept of green chemistry in the production of polymeric materials is discussed. In addition, the principles of green molecular imprinting as well as their application in developing greenificated, imprinted polymers and membranes are presented. In particular, green actions (e.g., the use of harmless chemicals, natural polymers, ultrasound-assisted synthesis and extraction, supercritical CO2, etc.) characterizing the imprinting and the post-imprinting process for producing green molecularly imprinted membranes are highlighted.

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8

Zhang, Pengrui, Mingyong Wang, Jinhe Sun, Fei Shao, Yongzhong Jia, and Yan Jing. "Lithium Isotope Green Separation Using Water Scrubbing." Chemistry Letters 48, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 1541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.190669.

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9

Koel, Mihkel, and Mihkel Kaljurand. "Application of the principles of green chemistry in analytical chemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 11 (January 1, 2006): 1993–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678111993.

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The introduction of the dimension of green chemistry into the assessment of analytical methods should be a natural development trend in chemistry and should coincide with its general policy. Some of the principles of green chemistry - such as prevention of waste generation; safer solvents and auxiliaries; design for energy efficiency; safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical accidents; development of instrumental methods - are directly related to analytical chemistry.Analytical chemistry is considered to be a small-scale activity, but this is not always true in the case of controlling and monitoring laboratories whose number of runs performed is high. This makes an analytical laboratory comparable with the fine chemicals or pharmaceutical industry. The use of instrumental methods instead of wet chemistry, automation, and minimization is a new trend in analytical chemistry, making this branch of chemistry more sustainable. In this study, widespread separation methods are considered and an attempt is made to characterize them against the above-mentioned principles. Special attention is given to capillary electrophoresis (CE), which provides a very good opportunity to improve analytical chemistry by replacing many chromatographic methods that consume large volumes of solvents. The choice of different solvents and micronization in analytical chemistry is also discussed.

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10

Richter, Steffi. "Green Separation Processes - Fundamentals and Applications." Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International 13, no. 2 (March 2006): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.005.

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11

Lee, Wei Jie, Pei Sean Goh, Woei Jye Lau, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Nidal Hilal. "Green Approaches for Sustainable Development of Liquid Separation Membrane." Membranes 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040235.

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Water constitutes one of the basic necessities of life. Around 71% of the Earth is covered by water, however, not all of it is readily available as fresh water for daily consumption. Fresh water scarcity is a chronic issue which poses a threat to all living things on Earth. Seawater, as a natural resource abundantly available all around the world, is a potential water source to fulfil the increasing water demand. Climate-independent seawater desalination has been touted as a crucial alternative to provide fresh water. While the membrane-based desalination process continues to dominate the global desalination market, the currently employed membrane fabrication materials and processes inevitably bring adverse impacts to the environment. This review aims to elucidate and provide a comprehensive outlook of the recent efforts based on greener approaches used for desalination membrane fabrication, which paves the way towards achieving sustainable and eco-friendly processes. Membrane fabrication using green chemistry effectively minimizes the generation of hazardous compounds during membrane preparation. The future trends and recommendations which could potentially be beneficial for researchers in this field are also highlighted.

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12

Bai, Fang, Jing Li, and Chao Hua. "Research Progresses of Deep Eutectic Solvents and its Application in Separation and Catalysis." Materials Science Forum 921 (May 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.921.3.

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At present, traditional organic agents and catalyst have the lack of low efficiency, poor selectivity, toxicity, environmental pollution and so on. As a new type of green high efficient solvent and catalyst, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become one of the hotspots in the green chemistry field. In this paper, domestic and foreign research on DESs in separation and catalysis are reviewed in detail. Firstly, we summarize the characteristic properties of DESs. Secondly, the paper presents a review of DESs application in separation and catalysis. Thirdly, it point out the future research direction of DESs in separation and catalysis fields. All these provide comprehensive guidance in the future study and application of DESs.

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13

Naccarato, Attilio. "Development and Application of Green or Sustainable Strategies in Analytical Chemistry." Separations 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10010032.

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14

Dogan, Aysegul, and Marek Tobiszewski. "Optimization of liquid chromatographic separation of pharmaceuticals within green analytical chemistry framework." Microchemical Journal 152 (January 2020): 104323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.104323.

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15

Nie, Lirong, Chaochao Cai, Runpeng Guo, Shun Yao, Zhi Zhu, Yanchen Hong, and Dong Guo. "Ionic Liquid-Assisted DLLME and SPME for the Determination of Contaminants in Food Samples." Separations 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9070170.

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Developing effective and green methods for food analysis and separation has become an urgent issue regarding the ever-increasing concern of food quality and safety. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a new chemical medium and soft functional material developed under the framework of green chemistry and possess many unique properties, such as low melting points, low-to-negligible vapor pressures, excellent solubility, structural designability and high thermal stability. Combining ILs with extraction techniques not only takes advantage of ILs but also overcomes the disadvantages of traditional extraction methods. This subject has attracted intensive research efforts recently. Here, we present a brief review of the current research status and latest developments regarding the application of IL-assisted microextraction, including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in food analysis and separation. The practical applications of ILs in determining toxic and harmful substances in food specimens with quite different natures are summarized and discussed. The critical function of ILs and the advantages of IL-based microextraction techniques over conventional extraction techniques are discussed in detail. Additionally, the recovery of ILs using different approaches is also presented to comply with green analytical chemistry requirements.

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16

HOU, Yucui, Congfei YAO, and Weize WU. "Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Solvents for Separation Applications." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 34, no. 8 (2018): 873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201802062.

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17

Ren, Liwei, Tian Xu, Ruoping He, Zhenhua Jiang, Hua Zhou, and Ping Wei. "A green resolution–separation process for aliphatic secondary alcohols." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 24, no. 5-6 (March 2013): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.01.018.

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18

Vono, Lucas L. R., Camila C. Damasceno, Jivaldo R. Matos, Renato F. Jardim, Richard Landers, Sueli H. Masunaga, and Liane M. Rossi. "Separation technology meets green chemistry: development of magnetically recoverable catalyst supports containing silica, ceria, and titania." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0504.

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AbstractMagnetic separation can be considered a green technology because it is fast, efficient, consumes low energy, and minimizes the use of solvents and the generation of waste. It has been successfully used in laboratory scale to facilitate supported catalysts’ handling, separation, recovery, and recycling. Only few materials are intrisically magnetic, hence the application of magnetic materials as catalyst supports has broaden the use of magnetic separation. Iron oxides, silica-coated iron oxides, and carbon-coated-cobalt are among the most studied catalyst supports; however, other metal oxide coatings, such as ceria and titania, are also very interesting for application in catalysis. Here we report the preparation of magnetically recoverable magnetic supports containing silica, ceria, and titania. We found that the silica shell protects the iron oxide core and allows the crystalization of ceria and titania at high temperature without compromising the magnetic properties of the catalyst supports.

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19

Bandara, H. M. Dhammika, Kathleen D. Field, and Marion H. Emmert. "Rare earth recovery from end-of-life motors employing green chemistry design principles." Green Chemistry 18, no. 3 (2016): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01255d.

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This manuscript describes the development of an efficient process for the recovery of rare earth elements from materials mixtures such as in motors with a recovery rate of >80%. Selective dissolution enables efficient separation of steel and copper and selective precipitation of RE salts is the key for obtaining pure RE products.

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20

Hung, M. T., and J. C. Liu. "Microfiltration for separation of green algae from water." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 51, no. 2 (August 2006): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.07.003.

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21

Hao, Jianxiu, Limin Han, Keli Yang, Hongye Zhao, Xiaomin Li, Yanpeng Ban, Na Li, Huacong Zhou, and Quansheng Liu. "Metal ion-induced separation of valuable organic acids from a depolymerized mixture of lignite without using organic solvents." RSC Advances 10, no. 6 (2020): 3479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10542e.

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Metal ion-induced separation of valuable organic acids from complex lignite depolymerized mixtures was proposed and proved to be an efficient, green, and facile separation process with easily tunable separation selectivity.

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22

Ghanbari Kermanshahi, Mohammad, and Kiumars Bahrami. "Fe3O4@BNPs@SiO2–SO3H as a highly chemoselective heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones." RSC Advances 9, no. 62 (2019): 36103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06221a.

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To achieve the green chemistry goals and importance of separation and recycling of catalyst from the reaction medium, Fe₃O₄@BNPs@SiO₂–SO₃H is introduced as a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones.

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23

Zverev, I. V., A. V. Podgaetskii, and S. A. Fadeev. "Separation of kerogen from green river oil shale." Solid Fuel Chemistry 50, no. 4 (July 2016): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521916040121.

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24

Liu, Wenbo, and Chao-Jun Li. "Recent Synthetic Applications of Catalyst-Free Photochemistry." Synlett 28, no. 20 (September 14, 2017): 2714–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590900.

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Catalyst-free photochemistry provides numerous opportunities toward sustainable synthesis because catalyst separation can usually be avoided, which is consistent with green chemistry principles. Complementary to the well-reviewed photoredox chemistry, this review specifically summarizes the synthetic applications of photochemistry without external catalysts reported since 2000. The selected examples include both natural product synthesis and new methodology development. This review is arranged based on the type of chromophore. It is our hope that this review will inspire more synthetic chemists to embrace photochemistry into their research plans.1 Introduction2 Photochemistry of Olefins2.1 [2+2] Cycloaddition of Enones and Olefins2.2 Cycloaddition of Olefins without Carbonyl Groups2.3 Z/E Isomerization2.4 Cyclization2.5 Others3 Photochemistry of C=O3.1 The Paternò–Büchi Reaction3.2 The Yang Photoenolization3.3 The Norrish Type I Reaction3.4 The Norrish Type II Reaction3.5 Others4 Photochemistry of Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups5 Photochemistry of Halogen-Containing Compounds6 Conclusion and Outlook

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25

Abdel Hameed, Eman A., Zaitona A. Abd El-Naby, Alaa El Gindy, Sawsan A. Zaitone, Reem Alshaman, Roshdy E. Saraya, and Gasser M. Khairy. "Two New HPLC Methods, Assessed by GAPI, for Simultaneous Determination of Four Antipsychotics in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comparative Study." Separations 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9080220.

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Antipsychotics are widely used to treat various mental disorders. Combination therapies were approved by the FDA to treat manic states. Quetiapine fumarate, aripiprazole, asenapine maleate, and chlorpromazine HCl are frequently used for treatment of these disorders. Green analytical chemistry is primarily concerned with reducing waste generated during sample preparation or analysis. Green solvents, such as ethanol, are being used in HPLC as an alternative to acetonitrile. To this purpose, two new chromatographic methods were developed to determine these four drugs simultaneously in their bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The greenness of both methods was assessed by the green analytical procedure index (GAPI)—one of them was found to be green ecofriendly, and the other had some environmental hazards (conventional)—and this helps laboratories to choose a method that suits their capabilities. The chromatographic separation for both methods was carried out on a Thermo® C18 column. The total separation times were about 11 min and 9 min for the green and the conventional methods, respectively. Using the Student’s t-test and the F-ratio, there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods. These methods have been validated and successfully applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical formulations. Our study could successfully be used in central quality control laboratories, which need a single analytical method to separate more than one compound with similar pharmacological action.

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26

Francioso, Antonio, Silvestro Dupré, and Mario Fontana. "Chemistry of Outlandish Natural Products Belonging to Sulfur Metabolism: Unrevealed Green Syntheses and Separation Strategies from the Cavallini’s Old School." Separations 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9020045.

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The last century has been very important from the point of view of research and investigation in the fields of the chemistry and biochemistry of sulfur-containing natural products. One of the most important contributions to the discovery and study of human sulfur-containing metabolites was performed by the research group of Professor Doriano Cavallini at Sapienza University of Rome, during the last 80 years. His research brought to light the discovery of unusual sulfur metabolites that were chemically synthesized and determined in different biological specimens. Most of his synthetical strategies were performed in aqueous conditions, which nowadays can be considered totally in line with the recent concepts of the green chemistry. The aim of this paper is to describe and summarize synthetic procedures, and purification and analytical methods from the Cavallini’s school, with the purpose to provide efficient and green methodologies for the preparation and obtainment of peculiar unique sulfur-containing metabolites.

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27

Koina, Ioulia Maria, Yiannis Sarigiannis, and Evroula Hapeshi. "Green Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Active Ingredients in Tea: Current State, Challenges, and Future Perspectives." Separations 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10020121.

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In recent years, the scientific community has turned its attention to the further study and application of green chemistry as well as to sustainable development in reducing the consumption of raw materials, solvents, and energy. The application of green chemistry aims to ensure the protection of the environment and to also, consequently, improve the quality of human life. It offers several benefits, both socially and economically. In the last few decades, new alternative non-conventional green extraction methodologies have been developed for the purposes of the extraction of active ingredient compounds from various raw products. The main objective of this literature review is to present the current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the green extraction of tea species in respect of the isolation of safe active biomolecules, which can be used as commercially available products—both as dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations. More specifically, in this literature review, the intention is to investigate several different extraction techniques, such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction with DESs, the microwave assisted-extraction method, and the reflux method. These are presented in respect of their role in the isolation of bioactive molecules regarding different tea species. Furthermore, following the literature review conducted in this study, the commonly used green extraction methods were found to be the ultrasound-assisted method and the microwave-assisted method. In addition to these, the use of a green solvent, in regard to its role in the maximum extraction yield of active ingredients in various species of tea, was emphasized. Catechins, alkaloids (such as caffeine), gallic acid, and flavonoids were the main extracted bioactive molecules that were isolated from the several tea species. From this literature review, it can be demonstrated that green tea has been widely studied at a rate of 52% in respect of the included research studies, followed by black tea at 26%, as well as white tea and oolong tea at 11% each. Regarding the determination of the bioactive molecules, the most utilized analytical method was found in the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector (PDA) and mass spectrophotometry (MS) at a usage rate of about 80%. This method was followed by the utilization of UPLC and GC at 12% and 8%, respectively. In the future, it will be necessary to study the combination of green extraction techniques with other industry strategies, such as an encapsulation at the micro and nano scale, for the purposes of preparing stable final products with antioxidant properties where, finally, they can be safely consumed by humans.

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Das, Saikat, Jie Feng, and Wei Wang. "Covalent Organic Frameworks in Separation." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-112019-084830.

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In the wake of sustainable development, materials research is going through a green revolution that is putting energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials and methods in the limelight. In this quest for greener alternatives, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new generation of designable crystalline porous polymers for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications. In this contribution, we categorically review the merits and shortcomings of COF bulk powders, nanosheets, freestanding thin films/membranes, and membranes on porous supports in various separation processes, including separation of gases, pervaporation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations, with particular reference to COF material pore size, host–guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability. This review covers the fabrication strategies of nanosheets, films, and membranes, as well as performance parameters, and provides an overview of the separation landscape with COFs in relation to other porous polymers, while seeking to interpret the future research opportunities in this field.

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Raza, Ayesha, Sarah Farrukh, Arshad Hussain, Imranullah Khan, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, and Muhammad Ahsan. "Performance Analysis of Blended Membranes of Cellulose Acetate with Variable Degree of Acetylation for CO2/CH4 Separation." Membranes 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040245.

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The separation and capture of CO2 have become an urgent and important agenda because of the CO2-induced global warming and the requirement of industrial products. Membrane-based technologies have proven to be a promising alternative for CO2 separations. To make the gas-separation membrane process more competitive, productive membrane with high gas permeability and high selectivity is crucial. Herein, we developed new cellulose triacetate (CTA) and cellulose diacetate (CDA) blended membranes for CO2 separations. The CTA and CDA blends were chosen because they have similar chemical structures, good separation performance, and its economical and green nature. The best position in Robeson’s upper bound curve at 5 bar was obtained with the membrane containing 80 wt.% CTA and 20 wt.% CDA, which shows the CO2 permeability of 17.32 barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 18.55. The membrane exhibits 98% enhancement in CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to neat membrane with only a slight reduction in CO2 permeability. The optimal membrane displays a plasticization pressure of 10.48 bar. The newly developed blended membranes show great potential for CO2 separations in the natural gas industry.

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30

Wang, Shuai, Xuan Li, and Jun Jie Zhang. "Rapid Photochemical Synthesis of 6-Methyl-1-Indanone." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.416.

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A novel method for rapid photochemical synthesis of substituted indanone based on an intra-molecular hydrogen transfer and enolization under irradiation with UV light was presented, which are of mild reactive conditions, quickness, simplification, high efficiency. The separation and purification of the photolyzed product are easy. Meanwhile, the reaction has the characteristics of green chemistry.

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31

Azimi, Sabikeh G., Ghodsieh Bagherzade, Mohammad Reza Saberi, and Zeinab Amiri Tehranizadeh. "Discovery of New Ligand with Quinoline Scaffold as Potent Allosteric Inhibitor of HIV-1 and Its Copper Complexes as a Powerful Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazole Derivatives, and in Silico Anti-HIV-1 Studies." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2023 (April 21, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2881582.

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In this paper, the novel Schiff base ligand containing quinoline moiety and its novel copper chelate complexes were successfully prepared. The catalytic activity of the final complex in the organic reaction such as synthesis of chiral benzimidazoles and anti-HIV-1 activity of Schiff base ligand and the products of this reaction were investigated. In addition, green chemistry reactions using microwaves, powerful catalyst synthesis, green recovery and reusability, and separation of products with economic, safe, and clean methods (green chemistry) are among the advantages of this protocol. The potency of these compounds as anti-HIV-1 agents was investigated using molecular docking into integrase (IN) enzyme with code 1QS4 and the GROMACS software for molecular dynamics simulation. The final steps were evaluated in case of RMSD, RMSF, and Rg. The results revealed that the compound VII exhibit a good binding affinity to integrase ( Δ g = −10.99 kcal/mol) during 100 ns simulation time, and the analysis of RMSD suggested that compound VII was stable in the binding site of integrase.

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32

Feder-Kubis, Joanna, Jolanta Flieger, Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska, Anita Płazińska, Anna Madejska, and Marta Swatko-Ossor. "Renewable sources from plants as the starting material for designing new terpene chiral ionic liquids used for the chromatographic separation of acidic enantiomers." RSC Advances 7, no. 51 (2017): 32344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03310a.

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33

Al-Tannak, Naser F., and Ahmed Hemdan. "Eco-Friendly Separation of Antihyperlipidemic Combination Using UHPLC Particle-Packed and Monolithic Columns by Applying Green Analytical Chemistry Principles." Separations 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8120246.

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Efficient separation of pharmaceuticals and metabolites with the adequate resolution is a key factor in choosing the most suitable chromatographic method. For quality control, the analysis time is a key factor, especially in pharmacokinetic studies. High back pressure is considered as one of the most important factors in chromatography’s flow control, especially in UHPLC. The separation of the anti-hyperlipidemic mixtures was carried out using two columns: a column silica-based particle packed UHPLC and a monolithic column. The systematic suitability of the two columns was compared for the separation of Fenofibrate, its active metabolite, Fenofibric acid and Pravastatin using Atorvastatin as an internal standard. Separation on both columns was obtained using ethanol: buffer potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate pH = 3 (adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) (75:25 v/v) as mobile phase and flow rate 0.8 mL/min. The analytes’ peak detection was achieved by using a PDA detector at 287 nm, 214 nm, 236 nm, and 250 nm for Fenofibrate, Fenofibric acid, Pravastatin, and Atorvastatin, respectively. Reduction of back-pressure was achieved with the monolithic column, where the analytes could be completely separated in less than 1.5 min at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) were followed throughout the developed method using environmentally safe solvents.

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34

YAYABE, Fumihisa, Hitoshi KINUGASA, and Tadakazu TAKEO. "A simple preparative chromatographic separation of green tea catechins." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 63, no. 4 (1989): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.63.845.

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35

Kaur, Pawanpreet, and Harish Kumar Chopra. "Recent Advances in Applications of Supported Ionic Liquids." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 26 (January 1, 2020): 2881–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191204151803.

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: The supported ionic liquids have shown immense potential for numerous applications in catalysis and separation science. In the present review, the remarkable contribution of supported ionic liquids has been highlighted. The main emphasis has been laid on describing the facile separation of gas from binary gas mixtures owing to the capability of selective transport of permeable gases across supported membranes and removal of environmentally hazard sulfur compounds from fuels. The catalytic action of supported ionic liquids has been discussed in other applications such as biodiesel (biofuel) synthesis by transesterification/esterification processes, waste CO2 fixation into advantageous cyclic carbonates, and various chemical transformations in organic green synthesis. This review enclosed a maximum of the published data of the last ten years and also recently accomplished work concerning applications in various research areas like separation sciences, chemical transformations in organic green synthesis, biofuel synthesis, waste CO2 fixation, and purification of fuels by desulfurization.

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36

Fu, Ye, and Zhiguang Guo. "Natural polysaccharide-based aerogels and their applications in oil–water separations: a review." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 15 (2022): 8129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta00708h.

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This paper reviews the polysaccharide-based aerogels reported in recent years for oil–water separation, compares their efficiency in the oil–water separation process, and provides ideas for the preparation of green oil–water separation materials.

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37

Borpatra Gohain, Moucham, Sachin Karki, Diksha Yadav, Archana Yadav, Neha R. Thakare, Swapnali Hazarika, Hyung Keun Lee, and Pravin G. Ingole. "Development of Antifouling Thin-Film Composite/Nanocomposite Membranes for Removal of Phosphate and Malachite Green Dye." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080768.

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Nowadays polymer-based thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane technologies are showing key interest to improve the separation properties. TFN membranes are well known in diverse fields but developing highly improved TFN membranes for the removal of low concentration solutions is the main challenge for the researchers. Application of functional nanomaterials, incorporated in TFN membranes provides better performance as permeance and selectivity. The polymer membrane-based separation process plays an important role in the chemical industry for the isolation of products and recovery of different important types of reactants. Due to the reduction in investment, less operating costs and safety issues membrane methods are mainly used for the separation process. Membranes do good separation of dyes and ions, yet their separation efficiency is challenged when the impurity is in low concentration. Herewith, we have developed, UiO-66-NH2 incorporated TFN membranes through interfacial polymerization between piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) for separating malachite green dye and phosphate from water in their low concentration. A comparative study between thin-film composite (TFC) and TFN has been carried out to comprehend the benefit of loading nanoparticles. To provide mechanical strength to the polyamide layer ultra-porous polysulfone support was made through phase inversion. As a result, outstanding separation values of malachite green (MG) 91.90 ± 3% rejection with 13.32 ± 0.6 Lm−2h−1 flux and phosphate 78.36 ± 3% rejection with 22.22 ± 1.1 Lm−2h−1 flux by TFN membrane were obtained. The antifouling tendency of the membranes was examined by using bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mixed feed and deionized water, the study showed a good ~84% antifouling tendency of TFN membrane with a small ~14% irreversible fouling. Membrane’s antibacterial test against E. coli. and S. aureus. also revealed that the TFN membrane possesses antibacterial activity as well. We believe that the present work is an approach to obtaining good results from the membranes under tricky conditions.

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38

Feng, Xueting, Hang Song, Tenghe Zhang, Shun Yao, and Yan Wang. "Magnetic Technologies and Green Solvents in Extraction and Separation of Bioactive Molecules Together with Biochemical Objects: Current Opportunities and Challenges." Separations 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9110346.

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Currently, magnetic technology and green solvents are widely used in chemical engineering, environmental engineering and other fields as they are environmentally friendly, easy to operate and highly efficient. Moreover, a magnetic field has positive effect on many physicochemical processes. However, related new methods, materials, strategies and applications in separation science still need to be developed. In this review, a series of meaningful explorations of magnetic technologies for the separation of natural products and biologic objects, including magnetic ionic liquids and other magnetic solvents and fluids, magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic fields, and the development of magnetic separators were reviewed. Furthermore, the difficulties in the application and development of magnetic separation technology were discussed on the basis of comparison and data analysis, especially for the selection of magnetic materials and magnetic field sources. Finally, the progress in the development of magnetic separators was also elaborated for researchers, mainly including that of the new high-efficiency magnetic separator through multi-technology integration and the optimization of traditional magnetic separators, which help current techniques break through their bottleneck as a powerful driving force.

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39

Michalski, Rajmund, and Paulina Pecyna-Utylska. "Green Aspects of Ion Chromatography versus Other Methods in the Analysis of Common Inorganic Ions." Separations 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8120235.

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Due to the increasing environmental awareness of the public, green chemistry has become an important element of environmental protection. In laboratories around the world, millions of analyses of inorganic and organic anions and cations in water and wastewater samples, and solid and gaseous samples are performed daily. Unfortunately, these activities still generate large costs, including environmental costs, which are related to the scale of the studies, the use of toxic chemical reagents, the waste generated, and the energy consumed. The methods used so far for inorganic ion analysis, including classical methods, are increasingly being replaced by instrumental methods, primarily based on ion chromatography. This paper presents the most important advantages and limitations of ion chromatography, and compares them with the costs of classical analyses for the analytes and sample types. Both the financial and environmental costs associated with the determination of common inorganic ions, such as Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, and NH4+, in 1000 environmental samples, were compared using selected reference wet classical methods and ion chromatography. The advantages and limitations of ion chromatography that allow this separation technique to be classified as a green analytical chemistry method have been described herein.

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40

Rubiyanto, Dwiarso, Nurcahyo Iman Prakoso, Imam Sahroni, Rico Nurillahi, and Is Fatimah. "ZnO-Porous Clay Heterostructure from Saponite as Green Catalyst for Citronellal Cyclization." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5800.137-145.

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Green conversion in organic synthesis is one of the interesting and important topics in green chemistry. The use of heterogeneous catalysis instead of homogeneous catalysis offers some advantages, such as easy separation and reusability. In this research, a heterogeneous acid catalyst was prepared from saponite by immobilizing ZnO in the form of a pillared clay (Zn/PILS) and Zn supported on porous clay heterostructure (Zn/PCH). Physicochemical studies involving X-ray diffraction measurement, surface analysis using a gas sorption analyzer, and surface acidity measurement were performed. Results indicated that the increasing surface acidity and the high specific surface area of the material were the relevant physicochemical properties that facilitate environment-friendly citronellal cyclization. The higher values for both parameters in Zn/PCH than in Zn/PILS linearly affected citronellal conversion and the selectivity for isopulegol production. Zn/PCH demonstrated a conversion rate of 98.9% for a 3-hour reaction and a selectivity of 100% for isopulegol production, and it exhibited reusability properties. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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41

Mohammad, Ali, and Nazrul Haq. "TLC separation of amino acids with a green mobile phase." Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 23, no. 4 (August 2010): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/jpc.23.2010.4.4.

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42

Samanidou, Victoria, and Abuzar Kabir. "Magnet Integrated Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (MI-FPSE): A Powerful Green(er) Alternative for Sample Preparation." Analytica 3, no. 4 (December 2, 2022): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040030.

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Green(er) sample preparation technologies still dominate as the anticipated improvement in all analytical protocols. Separation scientists all over the world continuously strive to comply with the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) demands. To follow this trend, microextraction techniques are constantly evolving to bridge the gap between Green Analytical Chemistry and sample pretreatment. A research group from Florida International University, Miami, Florida has introduced fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) in 2014 that was considered as a new milestone in microextraction technologies at that time. Two years later, the same research group introduced an advantageous innovative configuration that combines the stirring and extraction mechanism into a single sample preparation device, keeping all the benefits originally offered by classical FPSE. Magnet integrated fabric phase sorptive extraction (MI-FPSE) was eventually introduced as a new, advantageous implementation of FPSE. This device exhibits the advantageous role of the increase in extraction kinetics through sample diffusion, resulting in improved extraction efficiency of the microextraction device and supports the need for combining processes for better promotion and implementation of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. The applications of MI-FPSE are presented herein, showing the essential role that this technique can play in analytical and bioanalytical sample preparation.

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43

Guo, Weiwei, Qi Zhang, Yang Cao, Kaihua Cai, Shengyong Zhang, and Yonghai Chai. "Environmentally benign access to isoindolinones: synthesis, separation and resource recycling." Green Chemistry 22, no. 9 (2020): 2873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00957a.

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44

Pradel, Jean Sebastien, and William G. Tong. "Determination of malachite green, crystal violet, brilliant green and methylene blue by micro-cloud-point extraction and nonlinear laser wave-mixing detection interfaced to micellar capillary electrophoresis." Analytical Methods 9, no. 45 (2017): 6411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01706e.

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A laser wave-mixing CE detection method is reported for separation and detection of malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), brilliant green (BG), methylene blue (MB), and the leuco-metabolites of MG and CV residues in aquacultures.

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45

Zhang, Chunhui, Yuheng Zhang, Xiao Xiao, Guoliang Liu, Zhe Xu, Bing Wang, Cunming Yu, Robin H. A. Ras, and Lei Jiang. "Correction: Efficient separation of immiscible oil/water mixtures using a perforated lotus leaf." Green Chemistry 22, no. 2 (2020): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc90121c.

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46

Asimi Neisiani, A., R. Saneie, A. Mohammadzadeh, D. G. Wonyen, and S. Chehreh Chelgani. "Biodegradable hematite depressants for green flotation separation – An overview." Minerals Engineering 199 (August 2023): 108114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108114.

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47

Santali, Eman Y., Ibrahim A. Naguib, Abdullah M. Alshehri, Yazeed A. Alzahrani, Abdullah E. Alharthi, Turki S. Alosaimi, Bandar D. Alsayali, et al. "Greenness Assessment of Chromatographic Methods Used for Analysis of Empagliflozin: A Comparative Study." Separations 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100275.

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The analytical chemistry community is attempting to incorporate green chemistry concepts in the development of analytical techniques to redefine analytical methods and dramatically modify the philosophy of analytical technique development. Each greenness assessment method has its own benefits and drawbacks, as well as its own procedures. The results of each greenness assessment method produce numerous deductions regarding the selection of a greenest chromatographic method on which the determination of a greenness assessment tool depends. The current study examined the greenness behavior of 26 reported chromatographic methods in the literature for the evaluation of the medicine empagliflozin using three evaluation methods: the national environmental methods index (NEMI), the eco-scale assessment (ESA), and the green analytical procedure index (GAPI). This comparative study discussed the value of using more than one greenness evaluation methods while evaluating. The findings showed that the NEMI was a less informative and misleading tool. However, the ESA provided reliable numerical assessments out of 100. Despite the GAPI being a complex assessment compared to the others, it provided a fully descriptive three-colored pictogram and a precise assessment. The findings recommended applying more than one greenness assessment tool to evaluate the greenness of methods prior to planning laboratory-based analytical methods to ensure an environment friendly process.

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48

Chen, Guang-Hui, Yan-Ping He, Fu-Pei Liang, Lei Zhang, and Jian Zhang. "A green separation process of Ag via a Ti4(embonate)6 cage." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 47 (2020): 17194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03214j.

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49

Zeng, Shaojuan, Yongkang Cao, Pengfei Li, Xinyan Liu, and Xiangping Zhang. "Ionic liquid–based green processes for ammonia separation and recovery." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 25 (October 2020): 100354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100354.

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50

Zhuang, Guo-Liang, Chao-Fong Wu, Ming-Yen Wey, and Hui-Hsin Tseng. "Impacts of Green Synthesis Process on Asymmetric Hybrid PDMS Membrane for Efficient CO2/N2 Separation." Membranes 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010059.

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The effects of green processes in hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes on CO2 separation have received little attention to date. The effective CO2 separation of the membranes is believed to be controlled by the reaction and curing process. In this study, hybrid PDMS membranes were fabricated on ceramic substrates using the water-in-emulsion method and evaluated for their gas transport properties. The effects of the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) concentration and curing temperature on the morphology and CO2 separation performance were investigated. The viscosity measurement showed that, at specific reaction times, it is benefit beneficial to fabricate the symmetric hybrid PDMS membranes with a uniform and dense selective layer on the substrate. Moreover, the a high TEOS concentration can decrease the reaction time and obtain create the a fully crosslinked structure, allowing more efficient CO2/N2 separation. The separation performance was furtherly improved with in the membrane prepared at a high curing temperature of 120 °C. The developed membrane shows excellent CO2/N2 separation with a CO2 permeance of 27.7 ± 1.3 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 10.3 ± 0.3. Moreover, the membrane shows a stable gas separation performance of up to 5 bar of pressure.

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