Дисертації: "Great Britain"

1

Wong, Wendy H. W. "Paul Wittgenstein in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33743/.

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Most of the existing research on Paul Wittgenstein (1887–1961) focuses on his performing career in central Europe as a left-hand pianist and his commissions from the most prominent composers of the 20th century such as Richard Strauss and Maurice Ravel, and his favourite composer, Franz Schmidt. His British performing career and the compositions Ernest Walker, Norman Demuth and Benjamin Britten composed for and dedicated to him, however, remain relatively unexplored. By examining a variety of primary sources that are disclosed here for the first time, this thesis offers the first scholarly research into Wittgenstein’s performing activities in Great Britain in the 1920s–50s and his British commissions in order to fill a major research gap in Wittgenstein studies. Chapter 1 explores Wittgenstein’s self-recognition as a member of the Viennese aristocracy and the shaping of his musical identity, conception and taste, followed by an overview of the related primary sources that are currently located in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, a detailed summary of his performing activities in Great Britain and a discussion of the British reception of him as a left-hand pianist. Chapter 2 focuses on Walker and the three compositions he wrote for piano left-hand, two of which he composed before meeting Wittgenstein and one after, and the pianist’s attitude towards them. Chapter 3 brings to light the much-neglected composer Demuth and the two works he composed for Wittgenstein and discusses possible reasons why the pianist never performed them. Chapter 4 examines Wittgenstein’s first and only official British commission, the Diversions, Op. 21 by Britten, and investigates the interaction between composer and pianist in the compositional process and their differing conceptions of the work.

2

Finck, William Macy Ekelund Robert B. "English Seventeenth century colonial expansion as a form of rent-seeking." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/Finck_William_20.pdf.

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3

Endorf, Andrew Montgomery. "British foreign policy under Canning." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-091344/.

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4

Schreinert, Erin L. "Britain, European immigrants and the myth of the open door an examination of the racialist argument in British immigration policy 1880-1971 /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594498381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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5

Dickson, Anne E. (Anne Elizabeth). "Judicial control of arbitration - Great Britain." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57006.

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This thesis examines the role of judicial control of arbitration with specific reference to the differing positions adopted in England and Scotland.
Chapter I examines the historical patterns in each of these jurisdictions in relation to judicial review of arbitration, concluding that current differences are largely due to divergent economic and social conditions persisting over a substantial period of time.
Chapter II outlines the thinking behind the UNCITRAL Model Law on International and Commercial Arbitration, contrasting the theories which attract support in other States with those in favour in England and Scotland.
Chapter III examines the conclusions of the Mustill and Dervaird Committees which considered implementation of the UNCITRAL Model Law in England and Scotland respectively. It is concluded that the historical factors outlined in Chapter I continue to play an influential role, leading to the rejection of the Model Law in England and its implementation in Scotland.

6

Edwards, Steven. "Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236104.

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7

Wilson, Oneta M. "The natural zeolites of Great Britain." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239998.

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8

Whelan, Gerard Andrew. "Modelling car ownership in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396929.

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9

Draeger, Peter Hermann Heinz. "Great Britain and Hanover, 1830-66." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624643.

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10

Hoel, Helge. "Bullying at work in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488169.

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11

Coulson, Sheila. "Middle Palaeolithic industries of Great Britain /." Bonn : Holos, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36678928g.

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12

Coulson, Sheila. "Middle palaeolithic industries of Great Britain /." Bonn : Holos, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37438455z.

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13

Snyder, Amanda J. "The politics of piracy : pirates, privateers, and the government of Elizabeth I, 1558-1588 /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/snydera/amandasnyder.pdf.

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14

Hansen, Harold Victor. "Men of war the seamen of HMS Mars and the Revolutionary era /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04212008-161219/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Dr. Christine Skwiot, committee chair; Denise Z. Davidson, committee member. Electronic text (186 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed August 5, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-186).

15

Wong, Chun-leung. "Empire and identity British elite representations of "colonizer" and "colonized" in Hong Kong, 1880-1941 /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634048.

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16

Nelligan, Liza Maeve. "Home fronts : domestic civility and the birth of colonialism in sixteenth century Ireland /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975034.

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17

Gallo, Ezequiel J. "Great Britain - River Plate relations 1806-1826." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335676.

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18

Jones, Richard John. "Essays on job satisfaction in Great Britain." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42482.

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In this thesis, I present three studies that add to the literature on job satisfaction in Great Britain. In the first study, I use data from the British 2004 Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS) to examine the relationship between job related training and job satisfaction. I use a random effects ordinal regression model that exploits the matching of workplace information to employee information to control for unobserved heterogeneity at the workplace level. Using this technique, I find clear evidence that job related training is positively associated with all the dimensions of job satisfaction considered. I also find evidence that that the impact of training on workers' satisfaction varies for different groups of workers and depends on the amount of training individuals have relative to colleagues in the same workplace In the second study, I also make use of the 2004 WERS data, including the new financial performance questionnaire, to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and workplace performance. I find that average job satisfaction is positively associated with subjective assessments of financial performance and labour productivity and that these associations are statistically significant at conventional test levels. I find that measures of job satisfaction are negatively related to rates of absenteeism and voluntary employee turnover. I also find that job satisfaction is positively related to gross value added per full-time equivalent employee but this association is not statistically significant when measures of absenteeism and voluntary employee turnover are included in the model as explanatory variables. Finally, I find no statistically significant relationship between measures of satisfaction and profitability. In the third study, I use the first six waves of the Welsh boosts to the British Household Panel Survey to explain the determinants of overall job satisfaction and four facets of job satisfaction in Wales. My results show that low-paid workers in Wales do not report lower job satisfaction than their higher paid counterparts. Moreover, I find that despite there being disproportionately more low-paid workers in Wales than in either England or Scotland, job satisfaction is higher in Wales than in the other countries.

19

Shakkour, Suha. "Christian Palestinians in Britain." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/999.

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This study seeks to address a gap in the literature with regard to the Christian Palestinians. As members of a very small minority, they are often overlooked by the media and the academic community. While this is changing to some extent for Christian Palestinians in the Middle East, there is scant literature that considers their lives in the ‘West’ and almost none on their experiences in Britain. This thesis considers how Christian Palestinians have adapted to life in London, including an analysis of the individual experiences of both Christian Palestinians and Muslim Palestinians. Interviews with respondents focused on their English language abilities, educational achievements, attitudes to intermarriage, and their sense of belonging. These aspects were chosen because they offer an insight into respondents’ private and public lives, a distinction that is particularly important in the study of integration and assimilation. Through the assessment of these attributes, this research seeks to redefine the way that assimilation has been viewed and argues that a more comprehensive study of assimilation must include not only an analysis of whether migrants have adopted a characteristic of the host nation’s population, but also an analysis of whether they have adopted the sentiments their native born counterparts have attached to them.

20

Kass, Joshua. "A royal disappointment the private scandals of George IV, 1785-1820 /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1003.

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21

Moore, Dennis. "The British army officers' corps and the foundations of the British nation-state, 1689-1700." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1564.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 148 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).

22

Onnekink, David. "The Anglo-Dutch favourite : the career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649 - 1709) /." Aldershot, Hampshire [u.a.] : Ashgate, 2007. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0f6a4-aa.

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23

Cutler, Hannah Jane. "Understanding late Middle Palaeolithic Neandertal landscape-use during short-term occupations in Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708600.

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24

Leung, Wing-lin. "Neville Chamberlain during the Munich crisis : a Hobson's choice? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575023.

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25

Carter, Sara. "The role of farms in rural business development." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2203.

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In recent years the rural enterprise has become a key theme in small business research. Despite an extensive and increasingly sophisticated literature analysing rural firms, the research effort has largely excluded agnculture. This exclusion reflects a wider separation of agriculture and industry which is apparent not only in scholarship, but in the political, social and economic institutions which surround the farm sector. Although there have been persuasive arguments for a more multi-disciplinary approach to the analysis of rurality and calls for comparisons to be drawn between farms and other small businesses, few such attempts have been made and the analysis of rural business development remains charactensed by disciplinary polarity. This thesis seeks to redress this by analysing farms using conventional small business paradigms and methodologies. Three specific issues were examined: the extent to which farms conform to small business norms; the engagement of farms in additional business activities; and the differences between farms undertaking additional business activities and those maintaining monoactive approaches. The results reveal similarities between farms and other rural enterpnses and demonstrate the continued importance of farms as creators of employment and wealth in rural areas Importantly, farms are shown to have a hitherto, unrecognized role in accommodating and fostenng rural small firms in non-farm sectors. The study supports the view that multiple business ownership activities may have been under-reported in the small business research literature. Tins analysis suggests that additional business activities are best viewed as a continuum, from the diversification of existing assets to the establishment of independent and separately registered firms. Policy liberalization, demand side changes and shifts in the demographic profile of farm owners are expected to increase the number of faims engaging in additional business activities. These factors are also expected to increase the smulanties between farms and other rural enterprises. The thesis concludes that there are benefits to be gamed from the inclusion of the farm sector in small business analyses. The sector is dominated by family owned, small businesses that have largely survived the transition through generations. As such, the sector offers small business researchers a unique opportunity to analyse issues at the centre of small business debate Moreover, it is argued that a small business approach to the analysis of the farm sector offers a particularly relevant, but hitherto absent, insight into the future development of rural areas.

26

Perrone, Fernanda Helen. "The V.A.D.S. and the great war /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66086.

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27

Ansari, Hina. "Inequities in access to health care by income and private insurance coverage : a longitudinal analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112378.

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In 1997, the UK's Labour government introduced several health policy changes, including plans for greater collaboration with private providers. Building on previous cross-sectional research, we explore longitudinal inequities in physician access as these policy changes were materializing. Using GEE models we examine the effect of income and private health insurance (PHI) coverage on access to physicians in the general UK population from 1997 to 2003. The study finds no income inequities in GP access. In contrast, those in the highest income quintile are more likely to access consultants overall (OR:1.10, CI: 1.01,1.19), particularly private consultants (OR:2.49, CI:1.80,3.44). Not surprisingly, PHI is a strong predictor of private consultant access (OR:8.72 CI: 7.04,10.82), but a weak predictor of overall consultant access (OR:1.09, CI:1.01, 1.17). None of these findings exhibited significant time trends across the years of study, thus indicating that the existing inequities remained stable in the UK, despite the aforementioned reforms.

28

Jian, Ke Yue. "Historical analysis of British welfare system :origin, development, and prospect." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953425.

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29

Khalid, Amr. "Aspects of Islam and social coexistence : the case of Britain." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683357.

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30

Derksen, Hanneke. "The role of Tony Blair's belief system in Great Britain's decision to support the war in Iraq." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317324041&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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31

Qureshi, Abeeda. "From multiculturalism to integration : the role of Muslim women in the implementation of ethno-religious minority policies in the UK (2001-2014)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35775/.

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This thesis examines the role of Muslim women in the implementation of ethno-religious minority policies in the UK from 2001-2014. Using Muslim women as a case study, I aim to understand how this relationship works in practice and whether the role played by Muslim women is symbolic or substantive. Also, I attempt to explore whether the engagement between the government and Muslim women has increased since 2010, with the change in the government from New Labour to the Coalition. Last but not least, the representative claims of the women involved in the policy process is examined to determine the legitimacy of the whole process. Specifying the ‘decentred’ theory of policy making, I employ a ‘hybrid’ approach to policy implementation and take further insight from ‘Saward’s (2006; 2009) ‘representation’ theory to answer the aforementioned questions. The theoretical framework helps me to justify the three level analysis, e.g. national, local and individual case studies. Using evidence from the documentary analysis and in-depth elite interviews, I highlight the positive role of non-elected Muslim women in the implementation of policies towards the Muslim community. The particular importance of the thesis lies in the way I apply the ‘decentred’ government’ approach and the ‘hybrid’ model of policy implementation to appreciate how Muslim women and local actors can ‘twist’ national policy to suit local needs. The empirical findings on how women approached engagement through Prevent, and how local actors negotiated a ‘grey space’ to pursue more locally appropriate approaches, are both significant interventions in the wider debate on Prevent and its implications for Muslim women’s and state-Muslim engagement.

32

Alburaas, Theyab M. Stockdale Nancy L. "The Anglo-Iraqi relationship between 1945 and 1948." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9802.

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33

Boswell, Caroline S. "Plotting popular politics in Interregnum England." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318295.

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34

Slade, R. D. "Faith and peacebuilding in UK community cohesion since 2001." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/95df9d29-b654-4c08-b3af-70fe5bbdbfdc/1.

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The focus of this study is faith and peacebuilding in UK community cohesion since 2001. The central feature is a presentation of action research findings set in a collaborative relationship between the researcher and an inter-faith community dialogue project established to address divisive right wing extremism in the fieldwork locality of South Yorkshire. A decade of New Labour governance has seen community cohesion policy evolve from initial concerns regarding urban unrest to mainstream strategies targeted on violent religious extremism. Dialogue between ethnically diverse and white mono-cultural communities has been seen as the best way of helping people to get on better with each other. However community cohesion policy can be criticised for a significant failure to address issues of inequality and exclusion that are relevant to inter-community tensions. Since 2001, faith has been an increasingly prominent, albeit ambivalent, presence in UK society. Protagonists, arguing faith should have little or no role in public life, contest bitter disputes with those who perceive that an encroaching tide of secularism is attacking their faith beliefs and identity. Against this background right wing extremists have made astute use of faith identity, embedding their presence in some communities by utilising extremist discourses of Islamophobia that frame Muslims as a threat to the indigenous culture and resources of white communities. However some writers have identified the positive contribution that faith can make to public life. A commitment to social justice and addressing exclusion are examples of the resources faith can bring to addressing societal issues. Peacebuilding methodologies are similarly concerned with such issues. Processes for addressing protracted4 social conflict provide a framework within which faith and secular perspectives can cooperate to address these complex issues. The study’s action research found a strong relationship in the field work locality between electoral support of the extreme right wing BNP party and high levels of deprivation in white mono-cultural communities. Anger and resentment arising from industrial conflict and decline, and perceptions of being ignored by mainstream political parties, have been exploited by the BNP, opening a portal to hostile discourses of racism and Islamophobia. However the study’s research found that faith and faith values can bring rich and positive resources to inter-faith activity that aims to challenge divisive extremism that targets ethnic minority communities in general and Muslims in particular. In such circumstances it is usual practice to reduce hostile perceptions by arranging programmes of community interaction. However this study found that in communities where this strategy is not feasible, implementation of an intra-community dialogue framework may be effective in reducing hostile prejudice and stereotyping on which extremism feeds.

35

Vaughan, Jacqueline D. "Secretaries, statesmen and spies : the clerks of the Tudor Privy Council, c. 1540-c.1603 /." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/440.

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36

Cabieses, Baltica, Thomas Plümper, Denise Laroze, and Eric Neumayer. "Regional inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain." Public Library of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193488.

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Premature mortality exhibits strong spatial patterns in Great Britain. Local authorities that are located further North and West, that are more distant from its political centre London and that are more urban tend to have a higher premature mortality rate. Premature mortality also tends to cluster among geographically contiguous and proximate local authorities. We develop a novel analytical research design that relies on spatial pattern recognition to demonstrate that an empirical model that contains only socio-economic variables can eliminate these spatial patterns almost entirely. We demonstrate that socioeconomic factors across local authority districts explain 81 percent of variation in female and 86 percent of variation in male premature mortality in 2012-14. As our findings suggest, policy-makers cannot hope that health policies alone suffice to significantly reduce inequalities in health. Rather, it requires strong efforts to reduce the inequalities in socio-economic factors, or living conditions for short, in order to overcome the spatial disparities in health, of which premature mortality is a clear indication.

37

Stothard, Mark. "Northern Ireland and Great Britain : a troubled relationship /." Title page and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars888.pdf.

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38

Hendley, Matthew. "The conscription movement in Great Britain 1899-1914 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60625.

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This thesis is an examination of the Conscription movement in Britain between 1899-1914.
The introduction briefly examines British efforts at home defence before 1899 and the existing historiography on the Edwardian Conscription movement.
Chapter One studies the impact of that conflict's manpower problems. In particular, it looks at the ad hoc wartime efforts to expand the Army and the subsequent rise of the National Service League.
Chapter Two studies the non-military goals of the Conscription movement. It considers the attraction of conscription as the foundation of both greater physical efficiency and social reform, especially before 1906.
The final chapter studies the use of sensationalist invasion scares and calls for home defence to further the cause of the Conscription movement. Particular attention is given to the invasion scare of 1908-09 and the rise of the Territorial Force after 1906.

39

Shen, Jing. "Inequalities in health and happiness in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1165.

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The PhD thesis investigates the issue of inequalities in health and happiness in Britain. Consisting of three empirical studies and one piece of conceptual modelling, the research undertakes new investigations into health inequalities using longitudinal data. Carried out from a new angle – the life-course perspective, the studies adopt new methods including entropy measures, relative distributions and quantile regression to examine inequalities in the broader sense of health – mental health, psychological wellbeing and the related concept of happiness, in addition to physical health. Robust and reliable measures of inequalities in health should first be established before any investigations of health inequalities being carried out and this research shows that new methods need to be applied in addition to the traditional methods in order to overcome the flaws of the old methods and provide new insights into the issue of health inequalities. The life-course approach reveals that parental income and birth weight play important roles in respondents’ adulthood health inequality in addition to a range of socioeconomic factors, although parental income is only significant in wave 7 whereas birth weight is only significant and has more contribution in wave 4. With the application of the relative distributions method, the empirical study identifies that shape change rather than location change in the self-assessed health (SAH) distribution causes lower average SAH. Extending the analysis of inequalities in physical health to psychological wellbeing, women in England are found to be less happy than men mainly due to polarization occurring in the female population compared to men. Both the relative distributions method and quantile regression have confirmed the effects of some socioeconomic factors on psychological wellbeing and extended to happiness, however, the general trend of the psychological side of health or happiness over time cannot be concluded. Nevertheless, the relative distributions method is shown to perform well in understanding how the psychological health variable is distributed across the entire distribution over time. This research also contributes to a further examination of the relationship between income inequality and health, and the results continue to be mixed, although longstanding illness and Malaise Inventory appear to be more affected by income inequality than SAH and the choice of different indicators of income inequality seems to be important. Furthermore, a conceptual model is established in the thesis to provide a better understanding of the concepts involving health and happiness, which is believed to be the first attempt of its kind in the literature.

40

Whittaker, William Rodney. "Internal migration in Great Britain : Causes and Effects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499897.

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41

Pundik, Ron. "Relations between Great Britain and Jordan 1946-1951." Thesis, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510117.

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42

Menara, Barbara. "Career progression and professional conflict in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589543.

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The first part of the thesis focuses on the effect of the attitude towards interaction and the strength of family ties on career progression, .analysing both the attainment of managerial responsibility and the achievement of managerial and professional status. The contribution of this research is the focus on the inclination to develop social networks, the attempt to measure people's attitude towards interacting more with strangers and acquaintances, whereas previous research analysed social networks people had already established. To test any change over time, random-effect logistic regression models and multinomial regressions were run using longitudinal data (British Household Panel Survey 1998-2008). The research examines both internal and external careers, III order to explore the peculiarities of each career path. The second part of the thesis investigates the changing nature of professional relationships through the examination of intra- and inter-professional conflict. The data come from the Cambridge Centre for Business Research Survey 2000-2001, and focus on four professions from Great Britain: pharmacists, human resource managers, solicitors, and counselling psychologists. The contribution of this research is the development of the concept of role disrespect; in the thesis I discuss this concept and give evidence to show it may be one of the main causes of inter-professional conflict. This idea is based on the different levels of occupational prestige associated with professions. Using income as a proxy for occupational prestige (the most prestigious professions are likely to be those that are better paid), this research examines the relationship between income and intra- and inter-professional conflict.

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Oliver, R. "The Ordnance Survey in Great Britain 1835-1870." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372732.

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44

Hill, Louise. "Ecological impacts of ash dieback in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:941ee684-798b-47b6-ae51-64baeb5f821e.

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Ash dieback is a severe disease of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In its native East Asia, H. fraxineus is a harmless endophyte, but since its accidental import into Europe in the early 1990s it has infected over 90% of ash trees in some areas, with long-term mortality sometimes exceeding 90%. The disease was discovered in Great Britain in 2012, and has since spread rapidly. This thesis investigates some of the possible impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and society, and in doing so identifies ways to alleviate some impacts. Britain has only 13% tree cover (among the lowest in Europe), so may be particularly vulnerable to ash loss. Better understanding of the effects and how to minimise them is critical to deliver an evidence-based response. First, we investigated impacts in woodlands by experimentally killing woodland ash trees by ring-barking. We found no short-term effect of ash loss on ground flora or earthworm communities, or on the regeneration or growth of other woody species. Observational evidence suggested that remaining canopy trees rapidly filled gaps left by ash, perhaps contributing to stability. Our woodlands appeared to be remarkably resilient to ash loss, although there may be long-term effects or impacts on other species that this experiment failed to observe. To investigate broader-scale impacts, we required high-quality abundance maps for ash and other trees across Britain. Using species distribution modelling and random forest regression, we developed a protocol to produce abundance maps from readily available data. We tested the predictive power of the resulting maps using cross validation. Our maps are the best available for abundance of British tree species, and will be useful across a wide range of disciplines. We then used them to model ecosystem vulnerability to ash loss, based on the abundance of ash and other tree species, and their ecological trait similarity. We identified areas at risk of the largest impacts, and produced guidance for positive management actions to minimise ecological change. Lastly, we investigated the financial impacts of ash dieback, estimating the total cost to Britain at £9.2 billion. This figure is many times larger than the value of lost trade if biosecurity were improved to prevent future invasions, questioning the validity of financial arguments against biosecurity. We also found that loss of ecosystem services accounted for less than a third of the total cost, suggesting that ecosystem service assessments may miss a large proportion of the true cost of biodiversity loss. Overall, we found that some impacts may be less than expected, such as local effects on woodland ground flora, and others, such as the economic cost, may be much larger than expected. However, the resilience of ecosystems to a major shock such as loss of a common species, and actions to mitigate the impacts, depend on having a diversity of other trees present. The ash dieback outbreak highlights the importance of preventing other severe pests and diseases of trees from being introduced; something that has been increasing exponentially, largely due to international trade in trees. This thesis provides further firm evidence that there is an ecological and social imperative to halt this trend.

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Lavers, David Anthony. "Seasonal hydrological prediction in Great Britain – an assessment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1360/.

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This thesis assesses seasonal hydrological prediction in Great Britain. Firstly, the study evaluates river flow prediction using climate model output to drive a rainfall-runoff model in the Dyfi basin, Wales. Results show that climate model precipitation can not skilfully simulate Dyfi discharge. When a downscaling process is employed to generate precipitation time series, river flow forecast skill improves, but historical river flows still provide superior forecasts. Secondly, large-scale climatic control on British precipitation/discharge and European precipitation is investigated by correlation analysis. Results show spatiotemporal hydroclimatological variation, with western regions generally having stronger empirical relationships. River flow has weaker associations because of basin controls and evapotranspiration. The dynamic nature of precipitation/discharge generating mechanisms is not captured by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index. Thirdly, seasonal climate model forecast skill is evaluated. Limited skill exists over land and over all extratropical regions for forecasts beyond month-1; precipitation has lower skill than 2-metre air temperature and mean sea level pressure. Seasonal climate models exhibit higher idealised predictive skill indicating potential for future increases in actual predictive skill. In conclusion, seasonal hydrological prediction using a climate-to-river modelling chain could be improved through consideration of the uncovered spatiotemporal hydroclimatological variability and through seasonal climate modelling improvements.

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Fairclough, I. J. "The changing dung beetle fauna of Great Britain." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413123.

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47

Breeze, Elizabeth. "Health inequalities among older people in Great Britain." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646506/.

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This thesis aims to describe health inequalities among older people in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s and to assess whether various personal circumstances and experiences contribute towards this variation. Three sources of data are used: the Longitudinal Study; the first Whitehall cohort of male civil servants; and baseline quality of life information from the MRC Trial of the Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community (MRC Study). Housing tenure, car availability, and employment grade are the main socioeconomic measures used, but also social class and income. Findings: People disadvantaged in mid-life socioeconomic circumstances continue to experience increased risks of mortality, insitutionalisation, poor self-reported health and functioning 20-30 years later. Smoking and cardio-respiratory factors in middle age partially accounted for the differentials found in the Whitehall Study. The MRC Study revealed worse prospects for five dimensions of health-related quality of life among people in rented homes compared to owner-occupied ones, even among those who were deemed independent. Symptoms of ill health, and health behaviours accounted for over 40% of the housing tenure differentials in quality of life among these independent people. Being in a deprived or densely-populated area was not as strong a discriminator of quality of life as personal housing-tenure. Finally, people whose socioeconomic circumstances become worse in late middle age have greater risks of poor health outcomes than those who stay advantaged. The findings on benefits of improvements in socioeconomic circumstances are more mixed and complicated by ill health leading to apparent upward socioeconomic mobility. Conclusions: The three studies provide evidence of both long-term implications of socioeconomic position in mid-life and continuing relevance of socioeconomic position in old age. Although personal factors and health symptoms contribute to health inequalities in old age they are also seen as a possible product of socioeconomic position.

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Brown, Nathan. "Epidemiology of acute oak decline in Great Britain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30827.

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Oak has long been affected by episodes of decline, an interaction of multiple factors that reduces host vigour. A wide range of abiotic, insect and pathogenic agents may play causal roles in an outbreak; acting independently, together, or consecutively in a complex process. In Britain a novel form of Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is increasingly reported. Typified by symptoms of stem 'bleeding', bark-splits that weep dark exudate, the stem symptoms overlay patches of necrotic cambial tissue concealed beneath the bark. An initial investigation by Forest Research identified a suite of bacterial species as putative causal agents. Signs of insect activity are frequently found in association with the stem lesions. Galleries are usually present in the conductive tissue and some of the affected trees have distinctively D-shaped exit holes created by the buprestid beetle Agrilus biguttatus. Although declines are typified by complex causes, the dominance of these two organisms (bacteria and beetle) makes understanding their interaction an important step in defining the epidemiology of the syndrome. The current study aims to provide initial investigations into the epidemiology of AOD. By mapping and monitoring trees within eight study sites symptom development was accurately recorded from a reliable baseline. These data give insights into disease development in terms of rate of spread, tree mortality and disease distribution. Repeated monitoring at multiple time points documents the progression of symptoms, within and among trees. Site monitoring is complemented by preliminary studies investigating the role of the buprestid beetle Agrilus biguttatus in the decline complex. By developing trapping methods populations of Agrilus beetles can be monitored in terms of flight period and species composition. The focus on A. biguttatus seeks to confirm whether the larvae present in galleries are A. biguttatus and to investigate the link between beetle, larvae and bacteria.

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Foster, Craig L. "Anti-Mormon Pamphleteering in Great Britain, 1837-1860." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1989. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,34226.

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50

Gillespie, Thomas. "A development plan for baseball in Great Britain." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/726.

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