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1
Svejcar, Tony. "The Northern Great Basin: A Region of Continual Change." Rangelands 37, no. 3 (June 2015): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2015.03.002.
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Prewitt, Mel. "Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Basin as Transnational Region, 1650–1990." Annals of Iowa 66, no. 1 (January 2007): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1095.
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3
Almon, Bert. "A Fruitful Emptiness: Poets and Artists of the Great Basin Region." Western American Literature 34, no. 3 (1999): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1999.0040.
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Flaschka, Irmgard, C. W. Stockton, and W. R. Boggess. "CLIMATIC VARIATION AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN THE GREAT BASIN REGION." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23, no. 1 (February 1987): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00783.x.
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Evans, Sterling. "Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Basin as Transnational Region, 1650-1990." Journal of American Ethnic History 26, no. 1 (October 1, 2006): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27501788.
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6
Hagadorn, James W., and Ben Waggoner. "Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin, United States." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 2 (March 2000): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin may help constrain regional Vendian-Cambrian biostratigraphy and provide biogeographic links between facies in this region and elsewhere. Locally, trace fossils suggest the Vendian-Cambrian boundary occurs within or below the upper third of the lower member of the Wood Canyon Formation. Ediacaran soft-bodied and tubular fossils, including the frondlike fossil Swartpuntia and tubular, mineralized or agglutinated fossils similar to Archaeichnium Cloudina Corumbella, and Onuphionella occur in the lowermost Wood Canyon Formation. Discoidal forms referred to Nimbia occur in both the lowermost Wood Canyon Formation and the underlying strata of the Stirling Quartzite. These fossils occur directly below Lower Cambrian trace fossils, including Treptichnus pedum, and confirm the persistence of the Ediacaran biota to near the base of the Cambrian. These faunas may also help strengthen previously proposed correlation schemes between the two main facies belts of the southwestern Great Basin (the Death Valley and White-Inyo facies), because a nearly identical Vendian-lowest Cambrian succession of faunas occurs in both regions. Lastly, lack of cosmopolitan Ediacaran faunas in these strata suggests a paleobiogeographic link between the southwestern U.S. and southern Africa in Vendian time.
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Corfidi, Stephen F., Robert H. Johns, and Mark A. Darrow. "The Great Basin Derecho of 31 May 1994." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 917–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0178.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A significant, convectively induced windstorm known as a derecho occurred over parts of Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, and Colorado on 31 May 1994. The event was unusual in that it occurred not only in an environment of relatively limited moisture, but also one with a thermodynamic profile favorable for dry microbursts in the presence of moderate midtropospheric flow. The development and evolution of the severe wind-producing convective system is described, with emphasis on the synoptic and mesoscale features that may have contributed to its strength and maintenance. A very similar derecho that affected much the same region on 1 June 2002 is more briefly introduced. Questions are raised regarding the unique nature of these events and their potential utility in achieving an increased understanding of the mechanics of derecho-producing convective systems in more moisture-rich environments.
8
Schnabel, Andrew, J. L. Hamrick, and P. V. Wells. "Influence of Quaternary history on the population genetic structure of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) in the Great Basin." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We used data from 20 enzyme loci to test hypotheses concerning the population genetic structure of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Great Basin relative to the southern Rocky Mountains of Utah. Detailed macrofossil data from wood rat (Neotoma) middens indicate that P. menziesii was absent from the central and northern Great Basin during the last glacial (20 000–12 000 years before present), but has recolonized several of the "island" mountain ranges of that region during the past 10 000 years by long-distance dispersal from populations on the southern Rocky Mountain "mainland". The genetic consequences of rare, chance dispersal events should be a reduction in levels of genetic diversity on Great Basin montane islands and more diversity among island populations relative to the Rocky Mountain mainland. We found moderate overall reductions in the level of polymorphism (65 vs. 85%), numbers of alleles per polymorphic locus (2.69 vs. 2.82), and gene diversity (0.113 vs. 0.141) in Great Basin P. menziesii relative to P. menziesii from the Rocky Mountain mainland. Within-population estimates of allozyme diversity, as well as relative partitioning of that diversity among populations of each region, differed to a lesser extent between island and mainland regions. Founder effects and genetic drift thus appear to have had a minor role in shaping the present-day genetic structure of Great Basin P. menziesii populations.
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Fergen, Joshua T., and Ryan D. Bergstrom. "Social Vulnerability across the Great Lakes Basin: A County-Level Comparative and Spatial Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social vulnerability refers to how social positions affect the ability to access resources during a disaster or disturbance, but there is limited empirical examination of its spatial patterns in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB) region of North America. In this study, we map four themes of social vulnerability for the GLB by using the Center for Disease Control’s Social Vulnerability Index (CDC SVI) for every county in the basin and compare mean scores for each sub-basin to assess inter-basin differences. Additionally, we map LISA results to identify clusters of high and low social vulnerability along with the outliers across the region. Results show the spatial patterns depend on the social vulnerability theme selected, with some overlapping clusters of high vulnerability existing in Northern and Central Michigan, and clusters of low vulnerability in Eastern Wisconsin along with outliers across the basins. Differences in these patterns also indicate the existence of an urban–rural dimension to the variance in social vulnerabilities measured in this study. Understanding regional patterns of social vulnerability help identify the most vulnerable people, and this paper presents a framework for policymakers and researchers to address the unique social vulnerabilities across heterogeneous regions.
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Noble, JC, MA Habermehl, CD James, J. Landsberg, AC Langston, and SR Morton. "Biodiversity implications of water management in the Great Artesian Basin." Rangeland Journal 20, no. 2 (1998): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9980275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) underlies a vast, mainly arid, region where most of the indigenous biota are not dependent upon surface water. In contrast, an important minority is dependent on refuges such as mound springs and their associated wetlands. In some parts of the GAB, such as western New South Wales, many springs have either ceased to flow, or are now barely detectable, because the proliferation of artesian waterbores has reduced groundwater pressures. Because of the rarity of species endemic to mound springs, and the damage they have suffered since pastoral settlement, emphasis should be directed towards conservation and possible rejuvenation of these ecosystems. Provision of artificial sources of water allows more widespread grazing by livestock, larger native and feral herbivores, thereby posing threats to native plants and animals that do not use the water. Because of the proliferation of artificial waters and the grazing they allow, terrestrial grazing-sensitive species now appear to be confined to tiny patches in the landscape. Some nature reserves within the GAB retain numerous artificial sources of water. Most of these should be closed over time to reduce negative impacts on grazing-sensitive plants and animals, especially where these species are inadequately protected elsewhere. In those regions where the ratio of artificial to natural waters is still low, consideration should be given to balancing provision of water for livestock with conservation of biological diversity, by maintaining a patchwork of areas remote from water. In regions where the density of artificial waters is high, conservation of biodiversity on freehold and leasehold lands might be enhanced with a mix of approaches accommodating the needs of the biota and the aspirations of landholders, tailored according to land type and condition. Key words: Great Artesian Basin, biological diversity, mound springs, refuges, rare biota, grazing impact, conservation management, groundwater.
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Jin, Na, and Lijing Guo. "The Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Grain Production in the Huaihe River Basin." Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 20, 2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v3i3.10831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Huaihe River Basin is an important major grain producing area in China, maintaining the stability of grain output is of great significance to food security. However, with global warming, the frequency of extreme temperature events has increased, and the frequent meteorological disasters have brought great challenges to the stable supply of food production. In this paper, the impact of extreme temperature on grain production in the Huaihe River Basin was analyzed by using the daily temperature and agricultural production related data of 28 prefecture-level cities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt from 2001 to 2020. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) The influence coefficient of extreme high temperature on grain production in the Huaihe River Basin is -0.021, extreme low temperature has no significant impact on food production. 2) The effects of extreme temperature on food production in different regions in the river basin were heterogeneous, but the overall impact was negative. The influence coefficients of extremely high temperature days on the eastern region and Midwest region were -0.035 and -0.052, respectively, while the influence coefficients of extremely low temperature days on the eastern region were -0.413. The results showed that the increase in the number of extremely high temperature days would reduce production in the eastern region andMidwest region of the basin, while the northern region was not significantly affected by extreme heat. The increase in the number of extremely low temperature days will reduce grain production in the eastern region, and the impact on the Midwest region and the northern region will not be significant. Based on the above conclusions, three suggestions are put forward to maintain the safety of food production in the Huaihe River Basin: 1) enhance the ability to detect climate change in the basin; 2) Protect the stability of grain cultivated land in the river basin; 3) Innovative breeding of climate-resilient food crop seeds.
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CONNOLLY, JOSEPH K., CHRISTOPHER C. MARSHALL, PATRICK L. HUDSON, JAMES M. WATKINS, ANNE E. SCOFIELD, and LARS G. RUDSTAM. "Reevaluation of the genus Cyclops Müller, 1776 (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin: first report of the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 from Lake Erie and documentation of Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949 in the St. Marys River." Zootaxa 5182, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large cyclopoid copepods of the genus Cyclops Müller, 1776 are seldom collected in the Laurentian Great Lakes, with only Cyclops scutifer Sars, 1863 and Cyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851 reported from the region. Rare reports of the species C. strenuus date back to 1972 within the Great Lakes basin. The first specimens reported as C. strenuus were collected from the St. Marys River, and additional specimens have been collected from western Lake Erie since 2013. We examined all available archived materials of C. strenuus from the Great Lakes and determined that specimens from the two localities belong to two separate species, neither of which refer to C. strenuus. Archived specimens collected from the St. Marys River in 1972 and 1995 were reidentified as Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949, a Holarctic species known from Siberia, Russian Federation, Alaska, USA, and northern regions of Canada. The occurrences of C. sibiricus from the St. Marys River extend the known distribution of the species southward some 1,688 km in the Nearctic region. Cyclops specimens collected from the western basin of Lake Erie in 2013, 2014, and 2019 were identified as the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 using both conventional taxonomy and genetic barcoding. C. divergens is known from localities across much of Europe and eastward into Central Asia. The occurrences of the species from western Lake Erie constitute the first detection of C. divergens in the Great Lakes and the Nearctic region. Therefore, we expect C. strenuus does not occur in the Great Lakes basin and is likely restricted to the Palearctic region.
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Carroll, Jon W. "Reinterpreting Springwells Ceramics in the Great Lakes Region of North America." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 44, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26741660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The original ceramics typology developed for Younge/Western Basin Tradition Springwells phase (ca. AD 1160–1420) assemblages included three variants known as Macomb Linear, Macomb Interrupted Linear, and Springwells Net Impressed ceramics. This discussion considers how subregional variation in Springwells decorative styles reflects participation in a larger regional social network.
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Tidwell, Vincent C., and Victoria Pebbles. "The Water-Energy-Environment Nexus in the Great Lakes Region: The Case for Integrated Resource Planning." Energy and Environment Research 5, no. 2 (December 6, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v5n2p1.
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<p>Water is a critical element of electric power production in the U.S., particularly in the Great Lakes Basin region. Thermoelectric power generation accounts for the majority of all water withdrawals in the Basin, in large part due to the comparatively heavy concentrations of coal and nuclear power generation that utilize open-loop cooling. This paper explores how different energy generation portfolios could affect the water resources of the Great Lakes Basin. The suite of power generation scenarios analyzed reflects a range of potential outcomes resulting from the implementation of key national and regional energy and environmental policies for the electric power industry. These policies include U.S. EPA’s pending power plant cooling water intake standards, state renewable energy portfolio standards, possible climate change legislation, and the 2005 Great Lakes regional water resource agreement (Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact of 2005; Public Law 110–342). Five scenarios were analyzed, resulting in different levels and intensities of total water use (withdrawal and consumption) in hydrologically-sensitive watersheds. These results confirm the close relationship between water and energy in the Great Lakes, and point to the need to take into account water resource impacts in designing future energy and environmental policies.</p>
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Hockett, Bryan Scott. "Paleobiogeographic Changes at the Pleistocene–Holocene Boundary near Pintwater Cave, Southern Nevada." Quaternary Research 53, no. 2 (March 2000): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn 1996, approximately 70,000 mammal and lizard bones were recovered from Pintwater Cave in the northern Mojave Desert of southern Nevada. These bones date between 32,000 and 7350 14C yr B.P. Between 32,000 and 10,100 14C yr B.P. the local fauna consisted of a mix of xeric- and cool/mesic-adapted species. Ochotona princeps and Thomomys talpoides then occupied the region, although these animals were extirpated by the onset of the middle Holocene. Sauromalus obesus and Dipodomys deserti probably migrated to the region during the latest Pleistocene. Dipsosaurus dorsalis entered the Pintwater Cave record after 8000 14C yr B.P. Consistent with climatic interpretations for the northern Great Basin, these data suggest a cool and moist latest Pleistocene climate for the northern Mojave Desert. In contrast to the northern Great Basin, however, this region experienced predictable summer precipitation coupled with increasingly warmer winters by 10,100 14C yr B.P. In both regions, the warm middle Holocene began ca. 8300 14C yr B.P. However, whereas the northern Great Basin probably experienced warm and dry conditions at that time, the northern Mojave Desert remained warm with relatively predictable summer precipitation. The modern northern Mojave Desert biota probably was not established until after 8300 14C yr B.P.
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Fensham, R. J., R. J. Fairfax, and P. R. Sharpe. "Spring wetlands in seasonally arid Queensland: floristics, environmental relations, classification and conservation values." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 5 (2004): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The vegetation and environmental setting of permanent spring wetlands are described from a survey of 269 spring complexes throughout seasonally arid Queensland. Wetlands associated with springs in the western and southern discharge areas of the Great Artesian Basin are floristically distinct from other spring wetlands. Ordination analysis suggests that the biogeographic regions and the broad geological substrates that support spring wetlands provide a meaningful representation of floristic range. An existing classificatory system that defines ‘regional ecosystems’ on the basis of the biogeographic region and broad geological substrate is adopted to define 15 spring-wetland types in seasonally arid Queensland. The conservation value of the springs is assessed by a scheme that weights plant species populations on the basis of their endemicity and isolation from other populations, demonstrating that both Great Artesian Basin and non-Great Artesian Basin springs have similar conservation values.
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Dorjsuren, Batsuren, Valerii A. Zemtsov, Nyamdavaa Batsaikhan, Denghua Yan, Hongfei Zhou, and Sandelger Dorligjav. "Hydro-Climatic and Vegetation Dynamics Spatial-Temporal Changes in the Great Lakes Depression Region of Mongolia." Water 15, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 3748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Great Lakes Depression region basin is among the most sensitive regions to vegetation change due to climate change. This study estimated spatial-temporal changes and relationships in hydro-climate and vegetation dynamics in the basin. Studying the spatial-temporal variation between vegetation dynamics and hydro-climate in this basin is essential for assessing climate change and sustainability. This research involved an examination of the mean yearly air temperature, overall annual rainfall, fluctuations in river discharge, vegetation cover, and alterations in vegetation types within the selected basin stations. This was accomplished through the utilization of hydro-meteorological analysis, satellite assessment, land cover determination, and statistical analysis. Over the course of the study, it was observed that the average annual air temperature increased at all stations (with a positive change of Z = +1.16). The amount of precipitation decreased (Z = −0.79), especially from 2000 to 2014, and its statistical significance decreased. During the study period, average river discharge significantly decreased (Z = −3.51). Due to these combined factors, the lake’s water level also decreased (Z = −2.03). Vegetation cover change varied in high mountains, near river and lake water surfaces, and in arid regions. Changes in air temperature and precipitation in the current year determine vegetation cover. Because of the large amount of precipitation in the summer months from 2000 to 2010 and 2020, the growth of vegetation cover during that period was relatively good. This study was conducted in arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia and demonstrates the impact of climate change on changes in vegetation cover.
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Ottó, Beatrix, and Zsolt Végvári. "Bioclimatic Preferences of the Great Bustard in a Steppe Region." Diversity 14, no. 12 (December 18, 2022): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
(1) The intercorrelated effects of climatic processes and anthropogenic land use changes have been shown to govern the population declines in several bird species, which have led to global extinctions. Ground-nesting birds are especially sensitive to modifications in spatial as well as temporal patterns of climatic change. The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) is one of the most endangered species, which has suffered considerable range contractions and population declines in extensive areas of its historical distribution. (2) Here, we aim to (i) identify the key climatic predictors governing the historical distribution of the Great Bustard within the Carpathian Basin during the past three decades, (ii) provide spatial predictions for the historical range of the study species, and (iii) identify areas where species-specific conservation planning initiatives need to focus on by predicting the distribution of the Great Bustard for future time periods. To do so, here we apply bioclimatic niche modeling implemented in the MaxEnt software package, which is fitted on historical occurrence locations as a function of potential bioclimatic predictors. (3) We show that (i) the most important bioclimatic predictors governing the distribution of the Great Bustard are the annual mean temperature, mean temperatures of the wettest and driest quarters, as well as the annual precipitation; (ii) all lowland areas of the Carpathian Basin were suitable for the Great Bustard during historical time periods; (iii) the SDM predictions show the historical suitability of the Muntenia and Dobrodgea regions and the Upper Thracian Plain; and (iv) the future projections show a substantial decrease in the core distribution area, whereas the boundary areas are expected to remain stable. In summary, our study emphasizes that the distribution modeling of endangered taxa using historical records can strongly support species-specific conservation planning initiatives.
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GORDON, MICHELLE R., ERIC T. SIMANDLE, and C. RICHARD TRACY. "A diamond in the rough desert shrublands of the Great Basin in the Western United States: A new cryptic toad species (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo (Anaxyrus)) discovered in Northern Nevada." Zootaxa 4290, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.1.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We describe a new species of toad from the Great Basin region of northern Nevada belonging to the Bufo (Anaxyrus) boreas species complex. This cryptic species was detected through genetic analyses of toad populations sampled throughout the Great Basin and the morphological evidence was quantified through extensive sampling of live toads within the region. The new species has the smallest body size in the species complex, and can be further diagnosed from other species in the complex by its large tibial glands and unique coloration. The known distribution of the new species is restricted to an area less than 6 km2 in Dixie Valley, Churchill Co., Nevada. The Great Basin is an arid region where aquatic resources are both rare and widely scattered, making habitat suitable for anuran populations highly vulnerable to anthropogenic change. The habitat occupied by this newly described species is threatened by the incipient installation of geothermal and solar power development projects that require the water that defines its habitat.
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Palatov, D. M., and A. M. Sokolova. "Freshwater sponges and their associated invertebrates in the Great Lakes Basin (Mongolia)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Great Lakes Depression is a large semi-arid region, whose freshwater invertebrate fauna is poorly known. Examining 37 waterbodies, we found freshwater sponges Eunapius fragilis and Spongilla lacustris (fragments) in the only one small river. Invertebrate species complex found on the sponges comprises nine species, their contribution to the assemblage was assessed by the metabolic intensity index.
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Lemons, Angela R., Mary Beth Hogan, Ruth A. Gault, Kathleen J. Holland, Edward Sobek, Kimberly A. Olsen-Wilson, and Brett J. Green. "Fungal Metagenomic Analysis of Indoor Evaporative Cooler Environments in the Great Basin Desert Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (February 2016): AB181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.724.
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Connolly, Thomas J. "Implications of New Radiocarbon Ages on Coiled Basketry from the Northern Great Basin." American Antiquity 78, no. 2 (April 2013): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.2.373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractCoiled basketry dates to more than 8,000 years ago in the Eastern Great Basin and is found in the Western Basin by 4,500 years ago. In the Northern Great Basin, archaeological basketry is dominated by twineware; fewer than 20 fragments of coiled basketry have been reported. Coiling has long been thought to have appeared very late in the Northern Basin, and the perceived late presence of coiling in the north has been considered by some to be an indicator of a late Numic incursion from the south. Recent direct radiocarbon dating of fiber samples from the coiled specimens from the Northern Great Basin undermines the previous assumptions of a uniformly late age. Though rare, coiling has a consistent presence in the region for more than 2,500 years. Further, its distribution suggests that this technological influence may have derived primarily from eastern, rather than southern, sources.
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Zhang, Tao, Rong Chen, Feng Wang, Jianling Hu, Min Zhang, Qian Li, Jingyi Wu, and Lei Liu. "Provenance of the Upper Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation in the Western Margin of the Ordos Basin, China: Constraints on Paleogeography and Basin Development." Minerals 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14010078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation in the western margin of the Ordos Basin exhibits significant potential for oil and gas exploration. However, due to the influence of complex tectonic activities, there are substantial variations in stratigraphic thickness and depositional environments across the formation. The lack of a systematic source–sink comparative study has resulted in an unclear understanding of sediment sources and paleogeographic patterns, impacting the exploration for hydrocarbon accumulations. We conducted a comprehensive study of the source–sink system characteristics and paleogeography in the research area through field outcrop observations and drilling core sampling. By utilizing detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry, paleocurrent directions, lithofacies types, and sedimentary features, we delve into the understanding of the source–sink systems. Four major source–sink regions in the research area were identified: the Alxa, Yinshan, Alxa–Yinshan mixed and Qilian source–sink regions. The Alxa source–sink region formed a transitional delta-barrier-island sedimentary system. The northern part of the Yinshan source–sink region developed a transitional tidal-controlled delta-tidal-flat sedimentary system, while the southern deep-water area developed a shallow marine to semi-deep marine shelf sedimentary systems. The sediments of Alxa–Yinshan mixed source–sink region were deposited in a transitional tidal-controlled delta-tidal-flat barrier-island system. The Qilian source–sink region is characterized by small tidal-controlled delta-barrier-island system. From the analysis of the source–sink systems, it is inferred that the Alxa Block and the North China Craton had already merged before deposition of the late Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation. The delta sand bodies in the Alxa–Yinshan mixed source–sink region have the highest compositional and structural maturity, the best reservoir performance, and the great exploration potential.
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Kovach-Hammons, Ashley M., and Jordan M. Marshall. "Predictive Modeling of Kudzu (Pueraria montana) Habitat in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States." Plants 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr. var. lobata [Willd.] Maesen & S.M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep) is an invasive woody vine widespread throughout much of the southeastern United States. New occurrences and recent studies using climatic parameters suggest that the Midwestern region of the United States is at the greatest risk of kudzu invasion. As there are already multiple reports of kudzu within the Great Lakes basin and no previous landscape models exist specifically for the basin, we developed probability models from existing spatial data (forest type, geology, land cover, precipitation, temperature, and known kudzu locations) by using maximum entropy methods at the national, regional, and basin scales. All three models had relatively high accuracy and strong positive correlation between predicted and observed values. Based on evaluation of the models using a testing data set, we determined a presence threshold and categorized areas within each model as suitable or unsuitable habitat. We pooled the models and calculated mean habitat suitability within the Great Lakes basin. Much of the southern half of the basin was suitable for kudzu. Continuing management and further monitoring of kudzu spread are likely necessary to limit further introduction and mitigate spread of kudzu within the Great Lakes region.
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Zhao, C., X. Liu, and L. R. Leung. "The impact of Great Basin Desert dust on the summer monsoon system over southwestern North America." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2011): 31735–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-31735-2011.
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Abstract. The radiative forcing of dust emitted from the Great Basin Desert (GBD) and its impact on monsoon circulation and precipitation over the North America monsoon (NAM) region are simulated using a coupled meteorology and aerosol/chemistry model (WRF-Chem) for 15 yr (1995–2009). During the monsoon season, dust has a cooling effect (−0.90 W m−2) at the surface, a warming effect (0.40 W m−2) in the atmosphere, and a negative top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) forcing (−0.50 W m−2) over the GBD region on 24-h average. Most of the dust emitted from the GBD concentrates below 800 hPa and stacks over the western slope of the Rocky Mountains and Mexican Plateau. The absorption of shortwave radiation by dust heats the lower atmosphere by up to 0.5 K day−1 over the western slope of the Mountains. Model sensitivity simulations with and without dust for 15 summers (June-July-August) show that dust heating of the lower atmosphere over the GBD region remotely strengthens the low-level southerly moisture fluxes on both sides of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It also results in an eastward migration of NAM-driven moisture convergence over the western slope of the Mountains. These monsoonal circulation changes lead to a statistically significant increase of precipitation by up to ~40% over the eastern slope of the Mountains (Arizona-New Mexico-Texas regions). This study highlights the interaction between dust and the NAM system and motivates further investigation of possible dust feedback on monsoon precipitation under climate change and the mega-drought conditions projected for the future.
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Suriano, Zachary J., and Daniel J. Leathers. "Great Lakes Basin Snow-Cover Ablation and Synoptic-Scale Circulation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 7 (July 2018): 1497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0297.1.
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AbstractSynoptic-scale atmospheric conditions play a critical role in determining the frequency and intensity of snow-cover-ablation events. Using a synoptic weather-classification technique, distinct regional circulation patterns influencing the Great Lakes basin of North America are identified and examined in conjunction with daily snow-ablation events from 1960 to 2009. An ablation event is considered in this study to be an interdiurnal decrease in areal-weighted average snow depth of greater than 2.54 cm in magnitude over the entire Great Lakes basin. General meteorological characteristics associated with ablation-causing synoptic types are examined, and three individual case studies from prominent synoptic types are presented to understand the diversity of meteorological influences on regional snow ablation. Results indicate that a variety of synoptic weather conditions lead to snow ablation in the Great Lakes basin. The 10 most common synoptic types accounted for 66% of the 349 ablation events detected from 1960 to 2009. Snow ablation in the Great Lakes basin most commonly occurs when there is advection of warm and moist air into the region to provide the sensible and latent heat fluxes that are needed for melt, but ablation frequently occurs during rain-on-snow events and in instances of high pressure overhead. Ablation magnitude is highest during rain-on-snow synoptic types, and the interannual frequency of these types significantly decreased by 37% over 1960–2009. Conversely, the frequency of high-pressure-overhead synoptic types significantly increased by more than 30% from 1960 to 2009. Such changes may influence the hydrologic impact of these synoptic types on ablation over time.
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Kubicek, Paul. "Energy Politics and Geopolitical Competition in the Caspian Basin." Journal of Eurasian Studies 4, no. 2 (July 2013): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2013.03.007.
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This article explores geopolitical rivalry in the Caspian Basin, driven in large measure by the desire to control and exploit energy resources. It focuses in particular on actions by Russia, China, and the United States. While outside actors play an important role in the region, local states have demonstrated that they are not merely passive players. They have managed, in many cases, to use the ‘geopolitical pluralism’ of great power competition to gain room to maneuver. The result is a complicated picture of geopolitical balance. Looking ahead, however, China may be in the best position to assume the pre-eminent role in the region.
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Pérouse, Eugénie, and Brian P. Wernicke. "Spatiotemporal evolution of fault slip rates in deforming continents: The case of the Great Basin region, northern Basin and Range province." Geosphere 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges01295.1.
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Glantz, M. H. "A Great Game in Greater Central Asia." Post-Soviet Issues 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-3-238-243.
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The region historically referred to as Soviet Central Asia includes the 5 Central Asian Republics (CARs) of the Former Soviet Union (FSU): Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Their political status changed drastically when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 and they became independent republics. Since the early 1990s, Central Asian leaders have referred on occasion to neighboring Afghanistan as the sixth CAR. In fact, it does occupy 14% of the Aral Sea Basin and its mountains supply about 15% of streamflow to the region’s mighty Amu Darya River that used to flow into Central Asia’s Aral Sea.
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Wan, Jia, Ruiyin Dou, and Tao Ma. "Seismic Risk Assessment and Analysis of Influencing Factors in the Sichuan–Yunnan Region." Sustainability 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2024): 5968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145968.
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Investigating the distribution characteristics of earthquake disaster risks in the Sichuan–Yunnan region is of great importance for enhancing government emergency response capabilities and achieving sustainable regional development. This study, based on disaster systems theory, constructs a seismic risk evaluation index system for the Sichuan–Yunnan region and employs the entropy method to determine the comprehensive risk index for earthquake disasters across 37 prefecture-level cities. The findings reveal the following: (1) High-risk areas for disaster-causing factors are located in the Hengduan Mountain region and the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region; medium-risk areas are distributed along the northwestern edge of the Sichuan Basin; low-risk areas are situated in the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin and the Yunnan Plateau. (2) High-risk disaster-prone environments are found in the Hengduan Mountain region; medium-risk areas are present on the Yunnan Plateau and the western part of the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region; low-risk areas are in the Sichuan Basin. (3) High-vulnerability areas include the central Sichuan Basin and Kunming on the Yunnan Plateau; medium-vulnerability areas are located in the eastern and western parts of the Sichuan Basin; low-vulnerability areas are in the less developed parts of the Yunnan Plateau, the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region, and the Hengduan Mountain region. (4) High-risk seismic disaster areas are concentrated in the developed regions of the Sichuan Basin and the Yunnan Plateau; medium-risk areas are concentrated in the western part of the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region; low-risk areas are sporadically distributed in the eastern parts of the Sichuan–Yunnan region. (5) The vulnerability of the population, economy, and lifeline systems significantly explain the variation in seismic risk levels, all exceeding 0.70; the synergistic effects of disaster-causing factor danger, disaster-prone environment stability, and disaster-prone environment sensitivity are the most pronounced, with explanatory power exceeding 0.85 after factor interaction.
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Perlinger, J. A., N. R. Urban, A. Giang, N. E. Selin, A. N. Hendricks, H. Zhang, A. Kumar, et al. "Responses of deposition and bioaccumulation in the Great Lakes region to policy and other large-scale drivers of mercury emissions." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 20, no. 1 (2018): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7em00547d.
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Tarlock, A. Dan. "The Great Lakes as an Environmental Heritage of Humankind: An International Law Perspective." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 40.4 (2007): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.40.4.great.
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Since 1985, the eight Great Lakes states and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec have cooperated to prevent almost all diversions of water from the Great Lakes basin. In 2005, the eight states signed an Agreement to create a tiered system of reviews for diversions and a draft interstate Compact, which creates a binding process to regulate diversions. This cooperation is primarily a state initiative, supported by the federal governments in both countries, which has paid little attention to the international character of the lakes. This Essay argues that there are three major benefits to the region from the incorporation of international environmental law into the anti-diversion regime. First, the recent Compact is an important recognition of the Lakes as a common heritage of human kind. Second, the success of the regime will be aided by the involvement of the International Joint Commission (IJC) in diversion issues because of its broader perspective on Great Lakes issues. Third, international law serves as an additional buffer against the invocation of international and domestic free trade laws to unravel the proposed environmental-navigation protection regime.
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Friedricks, William B. "A Metropolitan Entrepreneur Par Excellence: Henry E. Huntington and the Growth of Southern California, 1898–1927." Business History Review 63, no. 2 (1989): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115699.
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Henry E. Huntington, according to the following article, placed his imprint on the development of his region, the Los Angeles basin, to an extent unique among urban entrepreneurs. His great wealth and foresight, and especially his interests in street railways, real estate development, and hydroelectric power, enabled him to become a de facto city planner for one of the most important metropolitan regions in the United States.
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Mayo, Alan L., David G. Tingey, Kevin A. Rey, Tony D. Winkel, John H. McBride, Stephen T. Nelson, Gregory T. Carling, Jiri Bruthans, and Erik C. Petersen. "Shallow groundwater flow and inverted fresh/saline-water interface in a hypersaline endorheic basin (Great Basin, USA)." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 2877–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02209-8.
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AbstractPilot Valley is an 828-km2 arid-region endorheic basin in western USA. Bounding mountain ranges rise as much as 1,900 m above the nearly flat 379-km2 playa floor. Up to 3.8 m of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville mud and thin oolitic sand layers form the surface layer of the basin floor. Groundwater conditions were evaluated using data from shallow monitoring wells and borings, springs, infiltrometer measurements, slug and dilution tests, geophysical transects, and precision elevation surveys. Alluvial fan groundwater discharges at fan/playa interface springs and underflows to the shallow basin sediments along the western side of the basin; the groundwater only underflows along the eastern side. Precision surveying established a Lake Bonneville shore-line break in slope as the cause of the spring discharges. Tectonic tilting causes groundwater to flow from east to west and to the topographic low. Monthly measured and pressure transducer data established seasonal pressure responses and upward groundwater gradients. All basin groundwater is lost to evapotranspiration at the topographic low, where a thin salt pan has developed. Groundwater evolves from fresh to hypersaline near the alluvial fan/playa interface where there is an inverted salinity gradient and a groundwater pressure ridge. The pressure ridge and inverted salinity interface are due to: (1) osmotic pressure established between the oolitic sand of high hydraulic conductivity and the overlying low-hydraulic-conductivity lake mud at the fan/playa interface, and (2) the collision between fresh groundwater flow driven by a steep hydraulic head and hypersaline groundwater flow driven by a nearly flat hydraulic head.
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Hussain, Fiaz, Ghulam Nabi, and Ray-Shyan Wu. "Spatiotemporal Rainfall Distribution of Soan River Basin, Pothwar Region, Pakistan." Advances in Meteorology 2021 (February 5, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656732.
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This study evaluates the spatiotemporal rainfall variability over the semimountainous Soan River Basin (SRB) of sub-Himalayan Pothwar region, Pakistan. The temporal rainfall trend analysis of sixteen rain gauges was performed on annual basis with long-term (1981–2016) data. The results depicted that there is substantial year-to-year and season-to-season variability in rainfall patterns, and rainfall patterns are generally erratic in nature. The results highlight that most of the highland rainfall stations showed decreasing trends on annual basis. The central and lowland stations of the study area recorded an increasing trend of rainfall except for Talagang station. The average annual rainfall of the study area ranges between 492 mm and 1710 mm in lowland and high-altitude areas, respectively. Of the whole year’s rainfall, about 70 to 75% fall during the monsoon season. The rainfall spatial distribution maps obtained using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, through the GIS software, revealed the major rainfall range within the study area. There is a lack of water during postmonsoon months (November–February) and great differences in rainfall amounts between the mountainous areas and the lowlands. There is a need for the rational management of mountainous areas using mini and check dams to increase water production and stream regulation for lowland areas water availability. The spatiotemporal rainfall variability is crucial for better water resource management schemes in the study area of Pothwar region, Pakistan.
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Kramer, Andrea T., Daniel J. Larkin, and Jeremie B. Fant. "Assessing Potential Seed Transfer Zones for Five Forb Species from the Great Basin Floristic Region, USA." Natural Areas Journal 35, no. 1 (January 2015): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.035.0119.
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Carlson, Kimberly, Donald Mansfield, and James Smith. "A New Variety of Lomatium ravenii (Apiaceae) from the Northern Great Basin and Adjacent Owyhee Region." Aliso 29, no. 2 (2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20112902.03.
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Devitt, D. A., L. F. Fenstermaker, M. H. Young, B. Conrad, M. Baghzouz, and B. M. Bird. "Evapotranspiration of mixed shrub communities in phreatophytic zones of the Great Basin region of Nevada (USA)." Ecohydrology 4, no. 6 (October 6, 2010): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.169.
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Clausen, Eric. "Use of Topographic Map Evidence From Drainage Divides Surrounding Wyoming’s Great Divide Basin to Compare Two Fundamentally Different Regional Geomorphology Paradigms." Earth Science Research 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n1p45.
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Divide crossings (or low points or gaps) notched into the North American east-west continental divide segments completely encircling Wyoming’s Great Divide Basin interior drainage region (as observed on detailed topographic maps) are used to compare the commonly accepted regional geomorphology paradigm with a fundamentally different and new regional geomorphology paradigm. Paradigms are sets of rules governing how a scientific discipline conducts its research and are judged on their ability to explain observed evidence. Published literature is used to contrast an accepted paradigm interpretation that east-oriented drainage previously flowed across what is now the Great Divide Basin with the new paradigm basic requirement that mountain range and continental divide uplift occurred while immense south-oriented floods flowed across them. Numerous divide crossings are notched into the continental divide segments now completely encircling the relatively flat-floored Great Divide Basin interior drainage area and divide crossings observed along each of the Great Divide Basin’s north, east, south, and west margins are described and interpreted first from the accepted paradigm perspective (using published literature interpretations to the extent possible) and second from the new paradigm perspective. The published literature does not mention most of the described divide crossings, much less provide explanations for their origins, perhaps because the accepted paradigm cannot satisfactorily explain those origins. In contrast the new paradigm successfully explains most if not all of the described (and observed, but undescribed) divide crossings, although the new paradigm requires a completely different middle and late Cenozoic regional geologic history than what most published regional geology literature describes.
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Costa, Paloma Lumi, Lauro A. Saint Pastous Madureira, and Marcelo Peres de Pinho. "Seabed acoustic classification in the Pelotas basin, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 1 (March 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592013000100002.
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The present study sought to develop a seabed map of the region of the Pelotas Basin using acoustic methods. A total number of 1,507,823 seabed reflectivity data, collected during six oceanographic surveys, were processed to generate a seabed map. Data processing consisted of the classification of the acoustic parameter BSBS (Bottom Surface Backscattering Strength) obtained with the Scientific Echosounder EK 500 operating at a frequency of 38 kHz. BSBS is expressed in decibels (dB), and corresponds to a logarithm of the ratio between incident acoustic energy and the energy reflected by the seabed. Four BSBS value classes, associated with different sediment types, were established. High BSBS values are associated with coarse sediments, whereas low values indicate fine sediments. A seabed reflectivity map was generated using the Natural Neighbor method to interpolate the BSBS values organized according to the pre-established classes. Four features with high BSBS values were identified at 100-200 m depth. The largest one was found in the region of Santa Marta Cape and attributed mainly to consolidated seabed and/or the presence of biodetritic material, according to comparison with maps available in the literature. Above 500m depth, there was a predominance of acoustically low reflectivity sea floor, which was attributed to the presence of muddy sediment. Considering the lack of information on the seabed at great depths, the acoustic method was shown to be an alternative tool to obtain data on seabed characteristics in these regions.
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Cavus, Yonca, and Hafzullah Aksoy. "Spatial Drought Characterization for Seyhan River Basin in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey." Water 11, no. 7 (June 27, 2019): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071331.
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Drought is a natural phenomenon that has great impacts on the economy, society and environment. Therefore, the determination, monitoring and characterization of droughts are of great significance in water resources planning and management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial drought characterizations of Seyhan River basin in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was calculated from monthly precipitation data at 12-month time scale for 19 meteorological stations scattered over the river basin. Drought with the largest severity in each year is defined as the critical drought of the year. Frequency analysis was applied on the critical drought to determine the best-fit probability distribution function by utilizing the total probability theorem. The sole frequency analysis is insufficient in drought studies unless it is numerically related to other factors such as the severity, duration and intensity. Also, SPI is a technical tool and thus difficult to understand at first glance by end-users and decision-makers. Precipitation deficit defined as the difference between precipitation threshold at SPI = 0 and critical precipitation is therefore more preferable due to its usefulness and for being physically more meaningful to the users. Precipitation deficit is calculated and mapped for 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month drought durations and 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50- and 100-year return periods at 12-month time scale from the frequency analysis of the critical drought severity. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique is used for the spatial distribution of precipitation deficit over the Seyhan River basin. The spatial and temporal characteristics of drought suggest that the Seyhan River Basin in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey experiences quite mild and severe droughts in terms of precipitation deficit. The spatial distribution would alter greatly with increasing return period and drought duration. While the coastal part of the basin is vulnerable to droughts at all return periods and drought durations, the northern part of the basin would be expected to be less affected by the drought. Another result reached in this study is that it could be common for one point in the basin to suffer dry conditions, whilst surrounding points in the same basin experience normal or even humid conditions. This reinforces the importance of spatial analysis over the basin under investigation instead of the point-scale temporal analysis made in each of the meteorological stations. With the use of spatial mapping of drought, it is expected that the destructive and irreversible effects of hydrological droughts can be realized in a more physical sense.
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Zhang, Dandan, Juqin Shen, Pengfei Liu, Qian Zhang, and Fuhua Sun. "Use of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Environmental Gini Coefficient for Allocation of Regional Flood Drainage Rights." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062063.
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To solve the flood drainage conflict among different regions of the water basin when the flood occurs, it is of great significance to study the allocation of flood drainage rights. The allocation of flood drainage rights requires flood management departments to consider the influences of socioeconomic differences among different regions on flood control operations to realize sustainable development. Under the pattern of the total amount allocation of “watershed–administrative regions”, the evaluation index system of flood drainage rights allocation incorporated four aspects: natural conditions, level of social development, level of economic development, and technology and management. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to calculate the weight coefficient of each allocation index and the initial distribution’s proportion of the total amount in each region. Land area, population, gross domestic product (GDP), and sewage treatment capacity were selected as the evaluation indexes of the environmental Gini coefficient, and the environmental Gini coefficient method was used to evaluate and adjust the initial allocation of each region. Taking the allocation of flood drainage rights in the Taihu Basin as a case study, the final allocation results were obtained after initial allocation and feedback optimization. By evaluating the environmental Gini coefficient of each evaluation index, it is concluded that the final allocation could meet the requirements of fair allocation in each administrative region and be effectively implemented. Optimal allocation of the flood drainage rights in the Taihu Basin can contribute to overall flood control management, the reduction of flood disasters, and the stable development of society in the basin.
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Morris, Timothy J., Satya P. Mohapatra, and Anne Mitchell. "Conflicts, costs and environmental degradation – impacts of antiquated ground water allocation policies in the Great Lakes Basin." Water Policy 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.059.
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Ground water is a source of drinking water for many people and is the primary source for irrigation and livestock watering in the Great Lakes region. The use of ground water in the Great Lakes Basin has substantially increased in the past few decades due to population growth, technological innovation, agricultural development and inefficient water use. Despite the increase in demand, there have been no significant changes in the ground water allocation policies in either Canada or the United States since the nineteenth century. Six of the ten jurisdictions of the Great Lakes Basin still rely on archaic common law principles to determine the allocation of ground water, while Ontario's water taking permit program has shown that centralized government regulation can be equally ineffective. Therefore, the courts and governments of the Great Lakes Basin are effectively encouraging unrestricted withdrawals of ground water, and as a result, water tables are declining, well interference incidents are increasing and ground water divides are shifting. These physical effects are giving rise to economic costs, social conflicts and environmental degradation. To mitigate the impacts of antiquated ground water allocation policies in the Great Lakes Basin, the authors suggest institutional change and a range of legal tools to better protect this critically important resource.
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Blatt, Samantha H., Susanne J. Miller, and Kenneth C. Reid. "Bioarchaeology of Idaho in perspective: A Late Archaic Burial (10MO84) from the Upper Snake River Plain." North American Archaeologist 41, no. 2-3 (April 2020): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693120939478.
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The fortuitous discovery of an isolated Late Archaic burial (10MO84) in southeastern Idaho is a rare contribution to bioarchaeology of the region. This study describes the osteobiography of this skeleton and contextualizes results to published accounts of bioarchaeology within Idaho, the Great Basin, and the Intermountain West. Analysis suggests that there is much potential variability in burial styles and goods in the region through time, dental attrition is consistently severe, and arthritis of the upper limb is common. More systematic and collaborative bioarchaeology will continue to improve a bio-cultural synthesis of prehistoric Idaho and surrounding regions.
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Johnson, R. C., Barbara C. Hellier, and Ken W. Vance-Borland. "Genecology and seed zones for tapertip onion in the US Great Basin." Botany 91, no. 10 (October 2013): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0046.
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The choice of germplasm is critical for sustainable restoration, yet seed transfer guidelines are lacking for all but a few herbaceous species. Seed transfer zones based on genetic variability and climate were developed using tapertip onion (Allium acuminatum Hook.) collected in the Great Basin and surrounding areas in the United States. Bulbs from 53 locations were established at two common garden sites and morphological (such as leaf and scape dimensions), phenological (such as bolting date and flowering), and production traits (such as emergence and seeds per plant) were measured. Differences among source locations for plant traits within both common gardens were strong (P < 0.001), indicating genetic variation. Principal component 1 (PC 1) for phenological traits, with R2 = 0.59, and PC 1 for production traits, with R2 = 0.65, were consistently correlated with annual, maximum, minimum, and average temperature, annual precipitation, and frost-free days at source locations (P < 0.05). Regression of PC 1 phenology and PC 1 production scores with source location climates resulted in models with R2 values of 0.73 and 0.52, respectively. Using a geographic information system, maps of these models were overlaid to develop proposed seed zones to guide the choice of germplasm for conservation and restoration of tapertip onion across the collection region.
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Khan, Raihan Sayeed, and Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Techniques for Rainfall Estimation Integrating Multisource Precipitation Datasets." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101239.
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This study presents a comprehensive investigation of multiple Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques—decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural network—to generate improved precipitation estimates over the Upper Blue Nile Basin. All the AI methods merged multiple satellite and atmospheric reanalysis precipitation datasets to generate error-corrected precipitation estimates. The accuracy of the model predictions was evaluated using 13 years (2000–2012) of ground-based precipitation data derived from local rain gauge networks in the Upper Blue Nile Basin region. The results indicate that merging multiple sources of precipitation substantially reduced the systematic and random error statistics in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. The proposed methods have great potential in predicting precipitation over the complex terrain region.
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Awad, Ghareeb M. "A geophysical study on the Abu Gharadig basin, Egypt." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 1 (January 1985): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441837.
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The area of study comprises one of the most hydrocarbon‐potential basins of the Egyptian Western Desert, the Abu Gharadig basin. Major marine transgression and regression cycles dominated the territory during different geologic times. Those depositional cycles, together with at least three tectonic cycles—the end of the Paleozoic Hercynean, the close of the Jurassic until the Late Cretaceous and, the close of the Cretaceous until Mid‐Teritary—resulted in a highly deformed, thick sedimentary cover. A study of the geophysical anomalies of the basin, including those indicated by aeromagnetic, gravity, and seismic data as well as the study of about 60 deep wells drilled within and around the Abu Gharadig basin, has revealed that the major tectonic disturbances of the area were caused by basement complex block faulting. These major tectonic disturbances have produced great variations in the thickness and distribution of the various geologic units throughout the region. Aeromagnetic anomalies and the wells which reached the basement indicate great variations in the depths and type of the basement complex and the presence of major intrusions in the region. The major fracturing is indicated to be mainly along an east‐west, west‐northwest and east‐northeast directions. The Bouguer gravity anomalies indicate major basement fracturing as well as variations in sedimentary patterns, erosions, and subsequent tectonic disturbances. The most obvious anomalous trends on the gravity map, based on frequency and amplitude, are the north‐east to east‐northeast, the east‐west and the west‐northwest. The main Abu Gharadig depositional center does not show sharp variations because of the homogeneity of the near‐surface rocks and the great basement depth (20 000-40 000 ft). Seismic interpretation has confirmed the presence of all these fracturing trends. It also identified some major structural trends. These are closely related to the depositional centers, and represent potential drilling locations, especially those associated with Late Cretaceous‐Tertiary active contemporaneous faulting.
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Zhang, Shiqing, Yaping Li, Zheng Liu, Xiaofei Kou, and Wenlong Zheng. "Towards a Decoupling between Economic Expansion and Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Transport Sector in the Yellow River Basin." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 4152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054152.
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Realizing the decoupling development between the economic expansion and carbon dioxide emissions of the transport sector is of great importance if the Yellow River basin is to achieve green and low-carbon development. In this paper, we adopt the Tapio decoupling index to examine the decoupling relationship within the transport sector in the Yellow River basin, and then introduce the standard deviational ellipse to dynamically analyze the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions and economic growth at the provincial level. Furthermore, based on the decoupling method, we expand the traditional logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) model to decompose the decoupling index into eight sub-indices, and we identify the impact of each factor on the decoupling relationship. The results indicate that the carbon emissions of the transport sector in the Yellow River basin show the non-equilibrium characteristics of “upstream region < midstream region < downstream region”. The decoupling state of the transport sector shows obvious spatial differences. The less-developed regions are more likely to present non-ideal decoupling states. The growth rate of carbon emissions in Sichuan, Qinghai, and Shandong provinces is relatively fast, and the azimuth of the transport sector’s carbon emissions shows a clockwise trend. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of urbanization on decoupling in the Yellow River basin are much greater than the non-urbanization factors. In addition to the effect of urbanization, the transport structure has a major negative effect on decoupling development in the upstream and midstream regions, while energy intensity and energy structure are key to realizing a decoupled status in the downstream region. Finally, we propose some differentiated policy recommendations.
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Struckmeyer, H. I. M., A. K. Williams, R. Cowley, J. M. Totterdell, G. Lawrence, and G. W. O’Brien. "EVALUATION OF HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE IN THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT." APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The regional assessment of hydrocarbon seepage is built around a combination of Radarsat and ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, acquired during 1998 and 1999, as part of a collaborative project between Geoscience Australia, Nigel Press Associates, Radarsat International and AUSLIG (specifically the Australian Centre for Remote Sensing). In total, 55 Radarsat Wide 1 Beam Mode scenes and one ERS scene from the Great Australian Bight (GAB) region were analysed. The data were integrated with regional geological information, and other hydrocarbon migration and seepage indicators such as reprocessed and reinterpreted legacy Airborne Laser Fluorosensor (ALF) data, to provide an assessment of the possible charge characteristics of the region.The results of the study suggest that active, though areally restricted, liquid hydrocarbon seepage is occurring within the Bight Basin. The majority of seepage slicks occur along the outer margin of the major depocentre, the Ceduna Sub-basin, in areas where significant Late Tertiary to Recent faulting extends to the seafloor. Very little evidence of seepage was observed on the SAR data above the main depocentre, which is an area of minimal Late Tertiary to Recent faulting. Reprocessed ALF data reveal three main areas with relatively dense fluors. Although they are not directly coincident with locations of seepage interpreted from SAR data, their distribution support the pattern of preferred leakage along the basin margins.Integration of regional geological models with the results of this study suggests that structural features related to active tectonism have focused laterally migrating hydrocarbons to produce active seepage at specific locations in the basin. Where these features are absent, seepage may be passive and/or be governed by long distance migration to points of seal failure. Together with oil and gas shows in exploration wells, observations from this study provide further evidence that liquid hydrocarbons have been generated in the Great Australian Bight.
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Hao, Ming, Gang Li, Changyou Chen, and Liutao Liang. "A Coupling Relationship between New-Type Urbanization and Tourism Resource Conversion Efficiency: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in China." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The integrated development of new-type urbanization and tourism is of great significance for social development. Based on panel data of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019, models such as entropy TOPSIS, the super-SBM model, the coupling coordination degree model, the GM (1, 1) model, Tobit regression, and other methods were used to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between new-type urbanization and tourism resource conversion efficiency (TRCE) in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that, during the research period: (1) The development index of new-type urbanization in the Yellow River Basin showed a steady upwards trend and TRCE was generally stable. (2) The CCD between new-type urbanization and TRCE in the Yellow River Basin fluctuated and rose with an average annual CCD of 0.716, indicating an intermediate coordination stage, and showed an overall spatial distribution pattern of “midstream region > downstream region > upstream region”. The center of gravity of the CCD shifted to the northwest and the type of CCD jumped rapidly to a better stage, especially in the midstream region. From the perspective of future trends, the coupling and coordination relationship between the two major systems will continue to be optimized from 2019 to 2025 and the midstream region will maintain a high growth level. (3) The industrial structure, cultural media investment, science and technology investment, and communication level are important factors that affect the CCD of new-type urbanization and TRCE in the Yellow River Basin. The CCD of new-type urbanization and TRCE in the Yellow River Basin tends to be better as a whole, but the regional differences are obvious. Therefore, in the process of policy implementation, special attention should be given to the understanding of regional differences to avoid policy failure. This is very important to the Yellow River Basin and equally important to other regions.