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Статті в журналах з теми "GRAVITY THEORIES"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Alani, Ivo, and Osvaldo P. Santillán. "Cosmological singularity theorems forf(R) gravity theories." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2016, no. 05 (May 10, 2016): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/05/023.

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2

Souza, Cynelle Olívia de. "Complements to Gravity Theories." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul535.

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Анотація:

Gravity, electricity, magnetism and strong and weak nuclear forces form the fundamental energies and force fields for the organization of matter in the universe. All visible matter emits electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies; dark matter does not emit them. It is assumed, or else, that it can be formed by particles like the neutrino, which subtly interact with electromagnetic waves and with matter. Under the action of strong energy, the neutrino can theoretically reach speeds greater than that of light. Such an effect can occur when this particle becomes detached from electromagnetic interference, which is very difficult to observe. Sound also participates in the transport of matter and energy and can participate as the main means of coupling neutrinos and transmitting their information.

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3

Capozziello, Salvatore, and Mariafelicia De Laurentis. "Extended Theories of Gravity." Physics Reports 509, no. 4-5 (December 2011): 167–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2011.09.003.

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4

Flanagan, Éanna É. "Higher-order gravity theories and scalar–tensor theories." Classical and Quantum Gravity 21, no. 2 (December 4, 2003): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/2/006.

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5

Myrzakulov, Nurgissa, Ratbay Myrzakulov, and Lucrezia Ravera. "Metric-Affine Myrzakulov Gravity Theories." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101855.

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In this paper, we review the so-called Myrzakulov Gravity models (MG-N, with N = I, II, …, VIII) and derive their respective metric-affine generalizations (MAMG-N), discussing also their particular sub-cases. The field equations of the theories are obtained by regarding the metric tensor and the general affine connection as independent variables. We then focus on the case in which the function characterizing the aforementioned metric-affine models is linear and consider a Friedmann-Lemaître–Robertson–Walker background to study cosmological aspects and applications. Historical motivation for this research is thoroughly reviewed and specific physical motivations are provided for the aforementioned family of alternative theories of gravity.

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6

Heisenberg, Lavinia. "Scalar-vector-tensor gravity theories." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2018, no. 10 (October 29, 2018): 054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/10/054.

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7

Langlois, David, Michele Mancarella, Karim Noui, and Filippo Vernizzi. "Mimetic gravity as DHOST theories." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2019, no. 02 (February 15, 2019): 036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/036.

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8

Day, Charles. "Testing theories of modified gravity." Physics Today 70, no. 3 (March 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3485.

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9

ISENBERG, JAMES A. "WAVELESS APPROXIMATION THEORIES OF GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 02 (February 2008): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808011997.

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Анотація:

The analysis of a general multibody physical system governed by Einstein's equations is quite difficult, even if numerical methods (on a computer) are used. Some of the difficulties — many coupled degrees of freedom, dynamic instability — are associated with the presence of gravitational waves. We have developed a number of "waveless approximation theories" (WAT's) which repress the gravitational radiation and thereby simplify the analysis. The matter, according to these theories, evolves dynamically. The gravitational field, however, is determined at each time step by a set of elliptic equations with matter sources. There is reason to believe that for many physical systems, the WAT-generated system evolution is a very accurate approximation to that generated by the full Einstein theory.

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10

Sotiriou, Thomas P., and Valerio Faraoni. "f(R)theories of gravity." Reviews of Modern Physics 82, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 451–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.82.451.

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11

HA, YUAN K. "SEVERE CHALLENGES IN GRAVITY THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 07 (January 2012): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512004291.

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Анотація:

Gravity is specifically the attractive force between two masses separated at a distance. Is this force a derived or a fundamental interaction? We believe that all fundamental interactions are quantum in nature but a derived interaction may be classical. Severe challenges have appeared in many quantum theories of gravity. None of these theories has thus far attained its goal in quantizing gravity and some have met remarkable defeat. We are led to ponder whether gravitation is intrinsically classical and that there would exist a deeper and structurally different underlying theory which would give rise to classical gravitation, in the sense that statistical mechanics, quantum or classical, provides the underlying theory of classical thermodynamics.

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12

Sobreiro, R. F., A. A. Tomaz, and V. J. Vasquez Otoya. "Induced gravity from gauge theories." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 453 (August 16, 2013): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/453/1/012014.

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13

Acquaviva, Viviana, Carlo Baccigalupi, and Francesca Perrotta. "Weak Lensing and Gravity Theories." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2004, IAUS225 (July 2004): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921305001894.

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14

BAMBA, KAZUHARU, CHAO-QIANG GENG, and SHINJI TSUJIKAWA. "THERMODYNAMICS IN MODIFIED GRAVITY THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 08 (August 15, 2011): 1363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019542.

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We demonstrate that there exists an equilibrium description of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon in the expanding cosmological background for a wide class of modified gravity theories with the Lagrangian density f(R,ϕ,X), where R is the Ricci scalar and X is the kinetic energy of a scalar field ϕ. This comes from a suitable definition of an energy momentum tensor of the "dark" component obeying the local energy conservation law in the Jordan frame. It is shown that the equilibrium description in terms of the horizon entropy S is convenient because it takes into account the contribution of the horizon entropy Ŝ in non-equilibrium thermodynamics as well as an entropy production term.

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15

Bueno, Pablo, Pablo A. Cano, Óscar Lasso A., and Pedro F. Ramírez. "f(Lovelock) theories of gravity." Journal of High Energy Physics 2016, no. 4 (April 2016): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2016)028.

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16

Rivelles, Victor O. "Noncommutative field theories and gravity." Physics Letters B 558, no. 3-4 (April 2003): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(03)00271-5.

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17

Parker, Leonard, and David J. Toms. "Gravity and grand unified theories." General Relativity and Gravitation 17, no. 2 (February 1985): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00760528.

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18

Regge, Tullio. "Lie groups and gravity theories." Pramana 25, no. 4 (October 1985): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02846760.

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19

Giddings, Steven B., and Andrew Strominger. "Quantum theories of dilaton gravity." Physical Review D 47, no. 6 (March 15, 1993): 2454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.2454.

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20

Wallner, R. P. "New variables in gravity theories." Physical Review D 42, no. 2 (July 15, 1990): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.42.441.

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21

Senovilla, José M. M. "Double layers in gravity theories." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 600 (April 28, 2015): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/600/1/012004.

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22

Tiemblo, A., and R. Tresguerres. "Internal Time and Gravity Theories." General Relativity and Gravitation 34, no. 1 (January 2002): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015262320842.

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23

Boulware, David G., and S. Deser. "Effective gravity theories with dilations." Physics Letters B 175, no. 4 (August 1986): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)90614-3.

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24

Komada, Meguru. "Causality of 3D extended gravity theories." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 16 (May 29, 2019): 1950122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319501220.

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Анотація:

Causality is one of the most important properties to understand gravity theories. It gives us not only a method to confirm that the gravity theories are really consistent, but also gives implications about the properties which unknown fundamental physics should obey. We investigate the causality of three-dimensional (3D) gravity theories, which are considered to be important, by using the Shapiro time delay effect in the Shock wave geometry. One of such gravity theories is the Zwei-Dreibein Gravity (ZDG) theory, which is a consistent 3D gravity theory. In ZDG theory, the serious problems can be removed that have appeared in another important gravity theory called New Massive Gravity (NMG). We study whether the ZDG theory could preserve the causality without losing the above good properties and how the causality structure is related to the structure of the NMG theory.

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25

Fatibene, Lorenzo, and Simon Garruto. "Extended gravity." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 07 (August 2014): 1460018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814600184.

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We shall show equivalence between Palatini-f(ℛ) theories and Brans–Dicke (BD) theories at the level of action principles in generic dimension with generic matter coupling. We do that by introducing the Helmholtz Lagrangian associated to Palatini-f(ℛ) theory and then performing frame transformations in order to recover Einstein frame and BD frame. This clarifies the relation among different formulations and the transformations among different frames. Additionally, it defines a formulation a lá Palatini for the BD theory which is dynamically equivalent to metric BD (unlike the standard Palatini-formulation of metric BD theory which are not dynamically equivalent). In conclusion, we discuss interpretation of extended theories of gravitation and perspectives.

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26

Cabral, Francisco, Francisco S. N. Lobo, and Diego Rubiera-Garcia. "Fundamental Symmetries and Spacetime Geometries in Gauge Theories of Gravity—Prospects for Unified Field Theories." Universe 6, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6120238.

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Анотація:

Gravity can be formulated as a gauge theory by combining symmetry principles and geometrical methods in a consistent mathematical framework. The gauge approach to gravity leads directly to non-Euclidean, post-Riemannian spacetime geometries, providing the adequate formalism for metric-affine theories of gravity with curvature, torsion and non-metricity. In this paper, we analyze the structure of gauge theories of gravity and consider the relation between fundamental geometrical objects and symmetry principles as well as different spacetime paradigms. Special attention is given to Poincaré gauge theories of gravity, their field equations and Noether conserved currents, which are the sources of gravity. We then discuss several topics of the gauge approach to gravitational phenomena, namely, quadratic Poincaré gauge models, the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, quadratic metric-affine Lagrangians, non-Lorentzian connections, and the breaking of Lorentz invariance in the presence of non-metricity. We also highlight the probing of post-Riemannian geometries with test matter. Finally, we briefly discuss some perspectives regarding the role of both geometrical methods and symmetry principles towards unified field theories and a new spacetime paradigm, motivated from the gauge approach to gravity.

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27

Manolakos, George, Pantelis Manousselis, and George Zoupanos. "Gauge Theories: From Kaluza–Klein to noncommutative gravity theories." Symmetry 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11070856.

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First, the Coset Space Dimensional Reduction scheme and the best particle physics model so far resulting from it are reviewed. Then, a higher-dimensional theory in which the extra dimensions are fuzzy coset spaces is described and a dimensional reduction to four-dimensional theory is performed. Afterwards, another scheme including fuzzy extra dimensions is presented, but this time the starting theory is four-dimensional while the fuzzy extra dimensions are generated dynamically. The resulting theory and its particle content is discussed. Besides the particle physics models discussed above, gravity theories as gauge theories are reviewed and then, the whole methodology is modified in the case that the background spacetimes are noncommutative. For this reason, specific covariant fuzzy spaces are introduced and, eventually, the program is written for both the 3-d and 4-d cases.

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28

D Veeraiyan, Vishvantha, and Dr Deepak Nallasamy V. "THEORIES OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT." PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology 17, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 1513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48080/jae.v17i3.675.

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Continental drift is the process of continental plates moving. The movement is very slow, and it might take even years to show the impact on the Earth. The movement depends on gravity, convection drift, and plate formation. Gravity impacts the movements as the mantle (The layer below the crust) is always spinning because of gravity and the plates are located on the mantle. Convection drift impacts on the movement because convection drift is a cycle of melting and cooling of rocks in the mantle which can slowly impact the movement of the plate. Plate formation also affects the way the plates move as the new plates formed pushes the nearby plates causing movement.

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29

Bamba, Kazuharu. "Thermodynamic properties of modified gravity theories." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, no. 06 (June 15, 2016): 1630007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816300075.

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We review thermodynamic properties of modified gravity theories, such as [Formula: see text] gravity and [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is the scalar curvature and [Formula: see text] is the torsion scalar in teleparallelism. In particular, we explore the equivalence between the equations of motion for modified gravity theories and the Clausius relation in thermodynamics. In addition, thermodynamics of the cosmological apparent horizon is investigated in [Formula: see text] gravity. We show both equilibrium and nonequilibrium descriptions of thermodynamics. It is demonstrated that the second law of thermodynamics in the universe can be met, when the temperature of the outside of the apparent horizon is equivalent to that of the inside of it.

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30

BERGSHOEFF, E., C. N. POPE, L. J. ROMANS, E. SEZGIN, and X. SHEN. "W∞ GRAVITY AND SUPER-W∞ GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 24 (September 30, 1990): 1957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390002237.

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31

RAMA, S. KALYANA. "NEW SPECIAL OPERATORS IN W-GRAVITY THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 38 (December 14, 1991): 3531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004085.

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We find new special physical operators of W3-gravity having non-trivial ghost sectors. Some of these operators may be viewed as the Liouville dressings of the energy operator of the Ising model coupled to two-dimensional (2D) gravity and this fills in the gap in the connection between pure W3-gravity and Ising model coupled to 2D gravity found in our previous work. We formulate a selection rule required for the calculation of correlators in W-gravity theories. Using this rule, we construct the non-ghost part of the new operators of WN-gravity and find that they represent the (N, N + 1) minimal model operators from both inside and outside the minimal table. Along the way we obtain the canonical spectrum of WN-gravity for all N.

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32

Bahamonde, Sebastian, Ludovic Ducobu, and Christian Pfeifer. "Scalarized black holes in teleparallel gravity." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/04/018.

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Abstract Black holes play a crucial role in the understanding of the gravitational interaction. Through the direct observation of the shadow of a black hole by the event horizon telescope and the detection of gravitational waves of merging black holes we now start to have direct access to their properties and behaviour, which means the properties and behaviour of gravity. This further raised the demand for models to compare with those observations. In this respect, an important question regarding black holes properties is to know if they can support “hairs”. While this is famously forbidden in general relativity, in particular for scalar fields, by the so-called no-hair theorems, hairy black holes have been shown to exist in several class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity. In this article we investigate the existence of scalarized black holes in scalar-torsion theories of gravity. On one hand, we find exact solutions for certain choices of couplings between a scalar field and the torsion tensor of a teleparallel connection and certain scalar field potentials, and thus proof the existence of scalarized black holes in these theories. On the other hand, we show that it is possible to establish no-scalar-hair theorems similar to what is known in general relativity for other choices of these functions.

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33

VON BORZESZKOWSKI, HORST-HEINO. "TELEPARALLELIZED AND AFFINE THEORIES OF GRAVITY: NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR MACHIAN AND QUANTUM GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 29 (November 20, 2002): 4153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02013174.

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Анотація:

We compare metric theories to theories with teleparallelism and affine theories of gravity in order to discuss perspectives in the canonical quantization of gravity opened by a realization of Mach's principle.

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34

ZHU, SHU, SHAO-FENG WU, and GUO-HONG YANG. "ENTROPY FORCE AND SELF-GRAVITY FACTOR OF MODIFIED GRAVITY THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 14 (May 10, 2011): 1025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035304.

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We investigate the entropy force of modified gravity theories on trapping horizons. It is shown that if the entropy force is separated as a uniform term from the variation of entropy, the associated self-gravity factor is not the simple two in Einstein gravity but is different for various gravity theories.

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35

Calcagni, Gianluca. "Multifractional theories: An updated review." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 14 (April 22, 2021): 2140006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773232140006x.

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The status of multifractional theories is reviewed using comparative tables. Theoretical foundations, classical matter and gravity dynamics, cosmology and experimental constraints are summarized and the application of the multifractional paradigm to quantum gravity is discussed. We also clarify the issue of unitarity in theories with integer-order derivatives.

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36

Ali, Ahmed Farag, Giulia Gubitosi, Mir Faizal, and Barun Majumder. "Phenomenological Aspects of Quantum Gravity and Modified Theories of Gravity." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1274326.

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37

Iosifidis, Damianos, and Lucrezia Ravera. "Parity violating metric-affine gravity theories." Classical and Quantum Gravity 38, no. 11 (April 29, 2021): 115003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/abde1a.

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38

Sobreiro, Rodrigo F., and Victor J. Vasquez Otoya. "Aspects of nonmetricity in gravity theories." Brazilian Journal of Physics 40, no. 4 (December 2010): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-97332010000400002.

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39

Bamba, Kazuharu, and Sergei Odintsov. "Inflationary Cosmology in Modified Gravity Theories." Symmetry 7, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym7010220.

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40

Bajardi, F., and S. Capozziello. "Non-locality in Theories of Gravity." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 15, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.15.1-a3.

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41

Hohmann, Manuel. "Variational Principles in Teleparallel Gravity Theories." Universe 7, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7050114.

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Анотація:

We study the variational principle and derivation of the field equations for different classes of teleparallel gravity theories, using both their metric-affine and covariant tetrad formulations. These theories have in common that, in addition to the tetrad or metric, they employ a flat connection as additional field variable, but dthey iffer by the presence of absence of torsion and nonmetricity for this independent connection. Besides the different underlying geometric formulation using a tetrad or metric as fundamental field variable, one has different choices to introduce the conditions of vanishing curvature, torsion, and nonmetricity, either by imposing them a priori and correspondingly restricting the variation of the action when the field equations are derived, or by using Lagrange multipliers. Special care must be taken, since these conditions form non-holonomic constraints. Here, we explicitly show that all of the aforementioned approaches are equivalent, and that the same set of field equations is obtained, independently of the choice of the geometric formulation and variation procedure. We further discuss the consequences arising from the diffeomorphism invariance of the gravitational action, and show how they establish relations between the gravitational field equations.

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42

NOH, HYERIM, and JAI-CHAN HWANG. "COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS IN GENERALIZED GRAVITY THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 13n16 (May 30, 2004): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304014562.

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Анотація:

We present cosmological perturbation theory based on generalized gravity theories including string correction terms as well as a tachyonic complication. The classical evolution as well as the quantum generation processes in these variety of gravity theories are presented in unified forms. These apply both to the scalar- and tensor-type perturbations.

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43

Crisostomi, Marco, Kazuya Koyama, and Gianmassimo Tasinato. "Extended scalar-tensor theories of gravity." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2016, no. 04 (April 21, 2016): 044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/04/044.

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44

Bongaarts, P. J. M. "DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY, GAUGE THEORIES AND GRAVITY." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 21, no. 5 (September 1989): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/21.5.510.

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45

Sherf, Yotam. "Hyperbolicity constraints in extended gravity theories." Physica Scripta 94, no. 8 (June 4, 2019): 085005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab1352.

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46

Bekenstein, Jacob D., and Robert H. Sanders. "Gravitational lenses and unconventional gravity theories." Astrophysical Journal 429 (July 1994): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/174337.

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