Дисертації з теми "Graphes linguistiques"
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Archer, Vincent. "Graphes linguistiques multiniveau pour l'extraction de connaissances : l'exemple des collocations." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10127.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to model at best linguistic phenomena, natural language processing systems need to have quality ressources at their disposal, yet existing ressources are most often incomplete and do not allow to treat data in an adequate manner in process like translation, analysis, etc. This thesis is about acquisition of linguistic knowledge, and more precisely about the extraction of that knowledge from corpora where it appears. We study especially the problem of the collocations, these couple of terms where one term is chosen in function of the other one to express a particular meaning (as « driving rain », where « driving » is used to express the intensification). To allow large-scale data acquisition, it is necessary to make it easy to realize in an automatic manner, and simple to configure by linguists with limited knowledge in computer programming. For that reason, we have to rely on a precise and suitable model for data and process. We describe MuLLinG, the multilevel linguistic graph we realized, where each level represents information in a different manner, and operations for the manipulation of these graphs. That model, based on a simple structure (the graph one), allows to represent, treat, and manage diverse kinds of ressources. Indeed, associated operations were written in order to be as most generic as possible, which means that they are independent of what nodes and edges represents, and of the task to realize. That enables our model, which has been implemented and used for several experiments, some concerning collocation extraction, to view a process (sometimes complex) of linguistic knowledge extraction, as a succession of small graph manipulation operations
Quiniou, Solen. "Intégration de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance de textes manuscrits en-ligne." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580623.
Повний текст джерелаAbbaci, Katia. "Contribution à l'interrogation flexible et personnalisée d'objets complexes modélisés par des graphes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S105/document.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral application domains deal with complex objects whose structure and semantics of their components are crucial for their handling. For this, graph structure has been adopted, as a model of representation, in these areas to capture a maximum of information, related to the structure, semantics and behavior of such objects, necessary for effective representation and processing. Thus, when comparing two complex objects, a matching technique is applied between their graph structures. In this thesis, we are interested in approximate matching techniques which constitute suitable tools to automatically find and select the most similar graphs to user graph query. The aim of our work is to develop methods to personalized and flexible querying of repositories of complex objects modeled thanks to graphs and then to return the graphs results that fit best the users ’needs, often expressed partially and in an imprecise way. In a first time, we propose a flexible approach for Web service retrieval that relies both on preference satisfiability and structural similarity between process model graphs. This approach allows (i) to improve the matching process by integrating user preferences and the graph structural aspect, and (ii) to return the most relevant services. A second method for evaluating graph similarity queries is also presented. It retrieves graph similarity skyline of a user query by considering a vector of several graph distance measures instead of a single measure. Thus, graphs which are maximally similar to graph query are returned in an ordered way. Finally, refinement methods have been developed to reduce the size of the skyline when it is of a significant size. They aim to identify and order skyline points that match best the user query
Benchouk, Ouahiba. "Un composant linguistique de production de phrases basé sur le formalisme des graphes conceptuels." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22004.
Повний текст джерелаConstant, Matthieu. "Grammaires locales pour l'analyse automatique de textes : méthodes de construction et outils de gestion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626252.
Повний текст джерелаNogier, Jean-François. "Un système de production de langage fondé sur le modèles des graphes conceptuels." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077157.
Повний текст джерелаBelkaroui, Rami. "Vers un contextualisation des tweets basée sur une analyse des graphes des conversation." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4013/document.
Повний текст джерелаEven with the recent switch to 280 characters, Twitter messages considered in their singularity, without any additional exogenous information, can confront their readers with difficulties of interpretation. The integration of contextualization on these messages is therefore a promising avenue of research to facilitate access to their information content. In the last decade, most works have focused on building summaries from complementary sources of information such as Wikipedia. In this thesis, we choose a different complementary path that relies on the analysis of conversations on Twitter in order to extract useful information for the contextualization of a tweet. These information were integrated in a prototype which, for a given tweet, offers a visualization of a subgraph of the conversation graph associated with the tweet. This subgraph, automatically extracted from the analysis of structural indicators distributions, allows to highlight particular individuals who play a major role in the conversation and tweets that have contributed to the dynamics of exchanges. This prototype was tested on a panel of users to validate its efficiency and open up prospects for improvement
Barbar, Kablan. "Grammaires d'arbres attribuées : méthodes de vérification des propriétés de graphes engendrés." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10595.
Повний текст джерелаBarakat-Barbieri, Bruno. "Vers une construction automatique de graphes de concepts." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0416.
Повний текст джерелаMourad, Ghassan. "Analyse informatique des signes typographiques pour la segmentation de textes et l'extraction automatique de citations : réalisation des applications informatiques : SegATex et CitaRE." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040100.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work comes within the scope of a project carried out by the LaLIC research team (Langage, Logique, Informatique et Cognition). From a computer perspective this work is of an operational value and it aims at defining the requirements in terms of text segmentation and semantic interpretation of typographic marks for filtering information. The final outcome of this work are the SegATex and CitaRE applications. We proceeded in defining the value of punctuation marks and followed with a historical study of punctuation. We took special interest in the origins of the graphical form of the comma and its eventual relation with the waw, a particle in Arabic language. The SegATex application (Automatic Segmentation of Texts), as a computer module, is intended to prepare (to tag) a text for an automatic language processing which includes text segmentation in sections, sub sections, paragraphs, sentences, titles and enumeration. In the third part of the thesis we treat the "automatic extraction of quotations". The outcome of this part is the CitaRE system (Citation : Repérage et Extraction). We have followed the method of contextual exploration in order to comply with the requirements for filtering and extracting knowledge (the quotation)
Ribeyre, Corentin. "Méthodes d’analyse supervisée pour l’interface syntaxe-sémantique : de la réécriture de graphes à l’analyse par transitions." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC119.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the amount of textual data has become so gigantic, that it is not possible to deal with it manually. In fact, it is now necessary to use Natural Language Processing techniques to extract useful information from these data and understand their underlying meaning. In this thesis, we offer resources, models and methods to allow: (i) the automatic annotation of deep syntactic corpora to extract argument structure that links (verbal) predicates to their arguments (ii) the use of these resources with the help of efficient methods. First, we develop a graph rewriting system and a set of manually-designed rewriting rules to automatically annotate deep syntax in French. Thanks to this approach, two corpora were created: the DeepSequoia, a deep syntactic version of the Séquoia corpus and the DeepFTB, a deep syntactic version of the dependency version of the French Treebank. Next, we extend two transition-based parsers and adapt them to be able to deal with graph structures. We also develop a set of rich linguistic features extracted from various syntactic trees. We think they are useful to bring different kind of topological information to accurately predict predicat-argument structures. Used in an arc-factored second-order parsing model, this set of features gives the first state-of-the-art results on French and outperforms the one established on the DM and PAS corpora for English. Finally, we briefly explore a method to automatically induce the transformation between a tree and a graph. This completes our set of coherent resources and models to automatically analyze the syntax-semantics interface on French and English
Anfosso, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à une modélisation statistique du langage et à sa mise en oeuvre informatique." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2034.
Повний текст джерелаIndexes dynamic building for texts, linear sorting and n-grams retrieval. Using algebraic and statistical properties, for compression, deciphering, etc. Language Markov modelling and graphical representation. Estimation, testing hypothesis, homogeneity problem. Applying biological sequence analysis methods to discrimination between text sequences from different corpora, and to decode the underlying structure of an inhomogeneous text (e. G. With interpolations or written by several authors). Implementation of an hidden Markov model adapting Viterbi, forward, backward and Baum-Welch algorithms, to higher order variety
Azémard, Frédéric. "Des références dans le dialogue homme-machine multimodal. Une approche adaptée du formalisme des graphes conceptuels." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30031.
Повний текст джерелаLapitre, Arnault. "Procédures de réduction pour les systèmes à base d'automates communicants : formalisation et mise en oeuvre." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112313.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with formalization of symbolic execution of systems based on concurrency automaton and his algorithmic implementation while proposing reduction methods for the graph of reachable states preserving the ordinary equivalences. We proposed a formalization of the communicating systems in a very general framework inspired by the symbolic transition graph with assignment, denoted by STGA. We some isolated an special part of the class of STGAs that we called parameterize STGA or P-STGA, and established a representative theorem of all graphs in this under classifies using a strong bisimulation relation. The proof of this theorem allowed us to introduce the symbolic execution as being a means building a representative of a given STGA in the class of the P-STGA which were models for his graph of reachable states. At the time of the algorithmic implementation of symbolic execution, reduction methods preserving the relations of strong or simple bisimulation between the STGA and his representative in the class of P-STGAs were proposed to limit the growth of the space of reachable states. Its methods were implemented with successes in an automatic tests generation tool for formals specifications
Merkoulova, Inna. "Graphie et énonciation : les signes périphériques de la ponctuation dans la prose française contemporaine." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO2002.
Повний текст джерелаDinh, Trong Hiêu. "Grammaires de graphes et langages formels." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665732.
Повний текст джерелаSkaf, Bariaa. "Variantes graphiques numériques dans le contexte libanais : Description sociolinguistique des pratiques et des représentations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe digital and multimedia technologies favor, in various sociolinguistic contexts, the emergency of written communication modes presenting linguistic and graphic specificities (Crystal, 2001) that we name, in our research, digital graphic variants (VGN). The electronic written exchanges that we are studying were conducted by writers from different age groups (pre-teens, adolescents, young adults students, and adults from 28 to 63 years old). All these writers mainly use the Lebanese dialect; they transliterate it through the means of Latin graphemes and add numbers to transcribe Arabic phonemes that have no match in this writing system. They enrich their instant multilingual messages by using abbreviations, acronyms, phonetic-based rebuses and many other graphic process that mimic orals. They share the same code, that of written, but their electronic exchanges are conducted in a form that evokes the spontaneous oral, as it has already been shown by Anis (1999). They use different means to compensate the lack of multimodality, which is known to be so relevant for face-to-face interaction.Due to the trilingualism of the Lebanese context, these digital usages are also associated with multilingual practices (Lüdi and Py 2002,) or translanguaging (Garcia, 2009). We also analyze the implications and modalities of contact between Arabic, French and English.In parallel with these formal descriptions, we are provide new descriptions of wide range of contexts and modalities of the use of VGN in the north of Lebanon. This study shows the distribution of VGN and forms of contact in different types of writing such as digital and non-digital messages, private and public, synchronous and asynchronous, formal and informal on Facebook. We complete these exchange analyzes with student writings, done by 13 students attending private and public schools and universities. These last writings show the diffusion of the VGN from the electronic communication towards the paper writings for private use.Our open corpus finally includes different kinds of public writing as signs and menus of restaurants and sidewalk cafes, commercials, screen shots, Lebanese singers' song titles, Lebanese channel television programs, Lebanese textbooks, a novel, press articles and also photos taken in a public garden and in a public school. Our dissertation demonstrates that VGN have gained significant visibility in Lebanese society, becoming, as Henri Boyer (1997) writes, “a linguistic object under the scope of the media”, and that they are now widespread regardless of the media. These VGN testify a mode of vernacular writing recognized and used by the Lebanese society in contexts other than digital. Thus, our survey shows that VGN are no longer limited to adolescents and youth who initially used them, but include all age groups. They are now a means of communication sought to reach a wider audience.We also conducted a questionnaire survey of script writers who provided digital and / or non-digital messages, and teachers and professors from the public and private sectors facing VGN. These questionnaires were supplemented by interviews with 11 writers belonging to different age group. This survey allowed us to study the representations and attitudes of the writers, users or not of the digital tools, users or not VGN. This reveals the importance of the interindividual and situational variation and the ambivalent representations that the Lebanese have of these VGN
Roussel, David. "Intégration de prédictions linguistiques issues d'applications à partir d'une grammaire d'arbres hors-contexte : contribution à l'analyse de la parole." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10209.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Philippe. "Exploitation de graphes conceptuels et de documents structurés et hypertextes pour l'acquisition de connaissances et la recherche d'informations." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4992.
Повний текст джерелаGoudin, Yoann. "L'intercompréhension en langues sinogrammiques : théories, représentations, enjeux, et modalités d'une didactique de la variation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF035.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis analyzes the current teaching and learning models among languages that were, and still are, in contact with the Chinese script, and that retain this influence in their modern lexicon : the sinogramic languages. This thesis asserts that such a course can be designed through a complete didactic reformulation of how to teach sinograms, not only in their graphic dimension, but also their phonological identity, in order for the student to imagine pronouncing a sinogram in the target-language according to his/her understanding of an already acquired 'bridge-language'. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, there is an epistemological discussion of the European approach to Chinese language and script, with the sole graphic - «ideographic» - focus, which shadowed traditional phonological practices. Next, the design of an alternative approach is proposed in which sinogram-based learning is not rooted in the so called concentrated approach, according to which sinogram types are selected in order of their frequency and adaptability within the contemporary lexicon. This alternative approach is discussed based on the training of the sinogramic system as a whole: the global approach. Finally, the main process for mutual understanding, which is called sinogramic transposition, is introduced to show how students can be trained to understand and produce readings of sinograms in the target-language
Besombes, Jérôme. "Un modèle algorithmique de la généralisation de structures dans le processus d'acquisition du langage." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10156.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of our study is the learning of regular tree languages for an algorithmic modeling of language acquisition. For this, we suppose that data are structured; these data are heard correct sentences and the learning is effective since a representation of the language to which these sentences belong is built. From this representation the learner is able to generate new sentences compatible with the language and not presented as examples. Considering that heard sentences are translated into trees, it appears that the generalization of these tree structures is a component of the learning. We developed several models for this generalization in the form of algorithms taking into account various types of structures as input and various levels of contribution of information. These new models offer the advantage of unifying major results in the theory of the grammatical inference, and of extending these results, in particular by the consideration of new structures not studied previously in the learnability point of view
Blin, Laurent. "Apprentissage de structures d'arbres à partir d'exemples ; application à la prosodie pour la synthèse de la parole." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10117.
Повний текст джерелаPugeault, Florence. "Extraction dans les textes de connaissances structurées : une méthode fondée sur la sémantique lexicale linguistique." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30164.
Повний текст джерелаOllinger, Sandrine. "Le raisonnement analogique en lexicographie, son informatisation et son application au Réseau Lexical du Français." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0330/document.
Повний текст джерелаContemporary lexicography provide ressources offering many opportunities for natural language processing tasks. Thus, the French Lexical Network, presently under development, is a graph of lexical units connected by a rich set of lexical relations. This PhD thesis lays the groundwork for an exploration of this ressource by analogical reasonning. It begins with a selective overview of formalisation and computerisation for study of lexicon, wich defines the principle of exploration : the nodes are similar to objects, which have some attributes and edges represent relations. A reflection is conducted on the nature of this constituents and the relations between them. It takes into account the time axis and the topology of the network. Then two sets of exploratory experiments are conducted. The first one shows that the resource formalisation makes it possible to detect automatically analogies consistent with intuition, that several kind of analogical explorations are possible and that the approach allows to check the consistency of the resource and to bring out lexical rules. The second one is focused around the concept of lexical derivation configurations. It shows how grouping of analogous subgraphs reveals recurrent connections. The progress status of the resource doesn't enable us to obtain successfully completed rules and models, but results are nontheless encouraging. Analogy can already be considered as a guide to ensure the quality of lexical resources. It also allows for the acquisition of knowledge about its organisation. Such knowledge can be used to identify linguitic phenomena and to design instruments to support lexicographic activity
Goudet, Laura Renée Gabrielle. "Dialectologie grapho-phonématique de deux communautés virtuelles : pour une approche discursive des communaulectes." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation deals with two minority languages spoken in English-speaking countries, Scots and African American vernacular, used on two niche forums whose population is interested in Scottish culture for the former, Scotster, or mainly African American for the latter, Black Planet. The two linguistic domains which will be summoned are phonology dealing with minority languages and English, because both are discernible within alternative spellings ; as well as discourse analysis, because these asynchronous discourses allow unique data mining and insights into the creation of new lexical or graphic forms, which are more common on online communities they appear on. Thanks to a contrastive corpus made of works of fiction produced by native speakers, the grapho-phonemic traits of the two minority languages can be predicted on internet forums. The use of billboards also allows to study discursive phenomena which are specific to their ecology.The two languages practiced there are not used the same way : the users of Scots tend to teach it to others, while speakers of African American use it as a socio-cultural marker. This dissertation’s intent is to show that discourse practices on a forum create a platform-specific lect, called a communaulect. It is partly noticeable through alternative spellings. These are harbored by a will to lessen the difference between spelling and sound, and are even more detectable because members of BP and SC use a minority language they are mostly exposed to orally, hence twisting words more dramatically
Venant, Fabienne. "Représentation et calcul dynamique du sens : exploration du lexique adjectival du français." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067902.
Повний текст джерелаGesche, Samuel. "Confrontation enrichissante de points de vue-opinion." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0114/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the issue of enrichment while confronting expert viewpoints. These viewpoints bring much diversity, which is basically good for generating creativity and advances in Science. Ln order for the confrontation of viewpoints to enrich the expert, we chose to focus our research on the search for this diversity. Indeed, among all forms of heterogeneity that are part of viewpoint matching, locating difference of opinion is one of the toughest tasks. It cornes from the fact that difference of opinion is a difference on the one hand (since the expert have different theories), and a similarity on the other hand (since they talk about the sa me subject). We present here a method for taking advantage of the knowledge of the expert, which is the best "tool" we could find for dealing with this "find the difference game", way better than any algorithm, especially since we focus more on the benefit the expert gains in confrontation than in the result itself: our aim is not to integrale knowledge. Our approach of confrontation does not depend on the documents used, or to a certain extent on the formalism used to express it. We base it on ontology matching methods, using other paradigms to overcome the intrinsic limits of ontology matching. Such paradigms include the computer-aided paradigm, the use of poorly formalized graph languages and human/computer communication
Demko, Christophe. "Contribution à la gestion du contexte pour un système de compréhension automatique de la langue." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD542.
Повний текст джерелаLauf, Aurélien. "Propagation du buzz sur Internet -- Identification, analyse, modélisation et représentation dans un contexte de veille." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is in the context of strategic and competitive intelligence. Its goal is to develop tools and methods to identify, analyze, model and represent how buzz spread on the Internet. Any buzz has one or more starting point(s), i.e. primary source(s). The information is then passed on by secondary sources which may speed or slow down its spreading depending on their influence. Throughout the buzz lifecycle, the semantic content can evolve. To understand a buzz on the Internet, one needs to analyze what is said and qualify who speaks. This thesis will focus on two main points : a topological analysis of the sources (graph theory and networks), and an analysis of the textual content (corpus linguistics)
Godde, Erika. "De l'automaticité à l'expressivité et à la compréhension en lecture : Évaluation et développement de la prosodie en lecture chez le jeune lecteur A review of reading prosody acquisition and development Échelle Multi-Dimensionnelle de Fluence : nouvel outil d'évaluation de la fluence en lecture prenant en compte la prosodie, étalonné du CE1 à la 5ème Pausing and Breathing while Reading Aloud : Development from 2nd to 7th grade." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS009.
Повний текст джерелаReading is a crucial learning in primary school. Initially focused on decoding and accuracy during the first years, reading teaching is then based on automaticity and comprehension. Automaticity, often abusively called fluency, is usually assessed by measuring the number of words correctly read in a minute. However this method gives only an assessment of accuracy and automaticity skills, while flluency includes also the abilility to read with apropriate phrasing and expressivity, that means to read with a prosody adapted to the text. Omitting the prosodic dimensions of fluency results in confusion between speed and fluency. Prosodic dimensions of reading have long been neglected in reading studies. Only recently, a few new studies have been interested in reading prosody development in various langages, but not in French. This studies showed a long term development, continuing after primary grades. Moreover several studies also showed a bidirectionnal link between prosodic reading and written comprehension. That’s why the prosodic dimensions of fluency deserve more interest, especially while developping in young readers, to better understand its connection with written comprehension. That is the aim of the present thesis.In our work, we studied the acquisition stages for reading prosody and the link between reading prosody and written comprehension in young readers, from primary to secondary school. For this purpose, we used three complementary assessment methods for reading prosody : a subjective assessment, using a multidimensionnal scale, and two objective assessments : one using acoustic markers and another one, automatic, based on raw speech signal analyses.We recorded 323 children from grade 2 to 7 and 20 adults while reading.Firstly these readings were assessed using a multidimensionnal fluency scale, translated and adapted from English. These scores enabled us to characterize subjectively reading prosody development and to highlight, in French, the link between reading prosody and comprehension, mentionned in various studies.Secondly the readings were analyzed using acoustic markers of prosody. The aim was to determine acquisition stages for pauses and breathing planning while reading. Pauses planification is indeed essential to appropriate phrasing. These data were then used to explore the link between acoustic markers and subjective scoring and have cues of which acoustic markers have an influence on our perception of readings. Then we used the pausing and breathing data to characterize the link between reading prosody and comprehension.Finally we used an automatic scoring tool, based on acoustic markers of prosody and multiple expert standards, to assess longitudinal data from 67 children from grade 2 to 4. Using these data, we built growth model for each dimension of reading fluency and studied the causal link between automaticity, prosody and comprehension.The work presented here, on the development of reading prosody and its link to comprehension in French speaking children, enables us to promote new fluency assessment tools including reading prosody and to consider how to develop training tools. It also gives us new prospect on reading teaching and on identifying and helping children who need reading intervention
Moreau, Gaëtan. "Le langage du Conseil de Sécurité de l'ONU : analyse de discours des résolutions en français et en anglais depuis 1946." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA021/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis tries to first show how close text analysis methods in International Law and in Language Sciences are, and how well they complement each other, particularly in the field of Translation studies, to produce a discourse analysis of the UN Security Council resolutions from 1946 to 2015 included, that is relevant in both fields, and as such, truly interdisciplinary. Such corpus analysis using textometric tools onto the text itself as well as on various contextual data allows us to produce actionable results in both scientific fields, which is a stated goal of Digital Humanities.We show one such result by establishing the ordinary meaning of the English version of Resolution 242 (1967) by figuring out for our corpus the translation frequency into French of the English plural zero determiner in order to determine its ordinary meaning. By doing so, we help resolving a long-standing issue of interpretation in International Law, as well as produce a model of the usage of this determiner in English. Furthermore, we show how translation characteristics can reveal semantic extension of certain words and how a legal analysis of the UN Security Council resolutions can be approximated with an algorithm based on purely linguistic features. Online data : https://hdl.handle.net/11403/csonu
François, Hélène. "Synthèse de la parole par concaténation d'unités acoustiques : construction et exploitation d'une base de parole continue." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10127.
Повний текст джерелаNegre, Stéphane. "Optimisation de la méthode multifrontale en vue de sa parallélisation." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1045.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is concerned with the optimization of the parallelization of a particular finite element resolution method based on a substructuring principle and called the multifrontal method. Our aim was to build a set of methods and tools in order to parallelize this method efficiently. The problem is concerned with combinatorial optimization and graph theory. Indeed a finite element mesh can be modelized as a graph. The computing times spent to solve the problem directly depend on the reordering of an associated graph. Because the quality of a solution has to be measured, we propose accurate computing times estimators to measure our solutions. We compare different heuristics we have found in the litterature. We propose efficient improvements of these heuristics and two original reordering methods. The first one is an hybrid method which interleaves greedy algorithms. The second one is based on the tabu search method which is a metaheuristic. Another problem we are concerned with is the mesh decomposition into substructures. Different methods are compared and a new one is proposed. This method iteratively improves initial mesh decomposition by applying an exchanging principle of the finite elements between substructures. In this way we aim to optimize the load balancing on the processors by estimating the computing times of each substructure. The computing times of a substructure also depend on the finite element reordering of the corresponding substructure. However we have to take into account in addition the boundary nodes between the substructures. We then propose particular reordering methods which take into account this additional problem. When a parallel treatment is performed, it is important to schedule the tasks on the processors. We have proposed and studied a theoretical model assuming some assumptions concerning the computing times (the communications delays and the merging tasks). We have shown that a scheduling strategy dominates another one, widely used in the mechanical and numerical community. The results are compared on the thirty meshes of the Everstine's collection and show the efficiency of our algorithms
Guiga, Ahlem. "Étude comparative, diachronique et synchronique du futur en italien, napolitain et français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3117.
Повний текст джерелаOur research focuses on the deep understanding of the Italian chronogenesis, and within it, of the expression of future, based on the theoretical and methodological principles of G. Guillaume. Our comparative study combines diachronic and synchronic approaches. We study the evolution of the expression of future from former Italian to contemporary Italian literature through a first corpus built from the original text of the Decameron of G. Boccaccio, its contemporary translation proposed by A. Busi and its French translation by J. Bourciez. We compare the expression of future in three Italian (by authors from the Veneto and Sicily) and French graphic novels, with a second series of corpus extrapolated from the transcripts of these comics. We observe, on one hand, the differences between French and Italian contemporary standards, and on the other hand, the achievements of the Italian standard according to its substrates' regional influence. With a third corpus, we study the expression of future by comparing Neapolitan songs texts from the XIXth to the XXth century, with their translations in Italian and French. Our comparison of the various solutions for future covers, from West to East, the western Romania (standard French, Veneto regional Italian), and the central position of the Italian literary standard from Florentine, Eastern Romania (Sicilian regional Italian, Neapolitan). We study the distribution of future's morphological forms (synthetic, analytic), uses (temporal, modal) and alternative expression of future (other times, adverbial phrase of time). We discuss the concepts of aspect, accomplished and unaccomplished, perfective and imperfective and study their distribution in the morphosyntactic forms of future's expression
Nakamura-Delloye, Yayoi. "Alignement automatique de textes parallèles Français-Japonais." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266261.
Повний текст джерелаLa présente thèse est constituée de deux types de travaux : les travaux introducteurs et ceux constituant le noyau central. Ce dernier s'articule autour de la notion de proposition syntaxique.
Les travaux introducteurs comprennent l'étude des généralités sur l'alignement ainsi que des travaux consacrés à l'alignement des phrases. Ces travaux ont conduit à la réalisation d'un système d'alignement des phrases adapté au traitement des textes français et japonais.
Le noyau de la thèse est composé de deux types de travaux, études linguistiques et réalisations informatiques. Les études linguistiques se divisent elles-mêmes en deux sujets : la proposition en français et la proposition en japonais. Le but de nos études sur la proposition française est de définir une grammaire pour la détection des propositions. Pour cet effet, nous avons cherché à définir une typologie des propositions, basée sur des critères uniquement formels. Dans les études sur le japonais, nous définissons d'abord la phrase japonaise sur la base de l'opposition thème-rhème. Nous tentons ensuite d'élucider la notion de proposition.
Les réalisations informatiques comportent trois tâches composant ensemble au final l'opération d'alignement des propositions, incarnées par trois systèmes informatiques distincts : deux détecteurs de propositions (un pour le français et un pour le japonais), ainsi qu'un système d'alignement des propositions.
Balon, Laurent. "Transcription de Garin de Monglane à partir du manuscrit du XIVe siècle Royal 20 DXI de la British Library : description méthodique et analyses linguistiques (volume I) ; transcription des 12590 vers de la copie de Londres (volume II) ; notes, glossaire, table des noms propres (volume III)." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030093.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is double: bringing to know a not yet edited text and this through the most faithful possible transcription of a manuscript selected as an authentic historic witness to the plan of the literary history but also the given state of language. The systematic transcription of the text thus serves to bring to light certain linguistic practices of the scribe. On the one hand; we observe graphic uses which exceed the phonogrammic function, recognized originally as essential, to achieve a morphogrammic use emphasized by specific written forms which crea the recurrence of grammatical and lexical morphemes ; on the other hand, micro-systems appear through the original use of sequences and graphic segmentations which, in this manuscript, proceed very often from a reflexive movement. These observations are leading to think that a "grammar" of French goes back up beyond the XVth century. We would thus reveal in the case of this scribe an onset of grammatical reflection on the “writing procedures” of his manuscript which would announce the “theorization of French”, characteristic of the XVth and especially of XVIth centuries. While it is situated well before any form of standard prescriptive, this manuscript, which beside more traditional linguistic practices (XIIth-XIIIth centuries) sets up a certain number of micro-systems in the functioning of written forms as well as in that of the " graphic sequences ", announces nevertheless some of the principles which will lead to the normed codification of French. From this point of view, this manuscript allows to reveal the existence of a continuum in the history of the handwritten practices of French, registering this study in the perspectives of contemporary research on the French Diachrony
Retoré, Christian. "Logique linéaire et syntaxe des langues." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354041.
Повний текст джерелаPuget, Dominique. "Aspects sémantiques dans les Systèmes de Recherche d'Informations." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30139.
Повний текст джерелаPardo, Vincenzo. "La physionomie acoustique de la parole : le cas des démonstratifs latins et leurs issues en Italien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3111/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhy the Italian speaker did assimilate the phonic structure calidus like caldo? Which mechanisms intervened in the process of training of this phone from one language to another? Our reflection led us on the ground of the nature of the language and the laws which regulate the psychism of formation of it. We show that the words are phonic totalities composed of articulated parts generated by significant voices κατὰ συνθήκην (katá synthêkên), “by composition” and not “by convention”. If it's considered the language as an instrument of indirect representation guiding the speaker, by the signs, until the direct knowledge (the representation) of an immediate knowledge, in a direct report in the world, and if the fact is accepted that we perceive in a gestaltic way meaning it linguistic in a his phenomenic representation and act of speech, not, i.e. the act of speech is a well organized structure whose perception proceeds of the whole towards the parts, then the process of the composition becomes the instrument by which the words change of structures with arbitrary limited. We base our work on the mechanisms guillaumiens that the thought realizes in order to seize itself and whose language offers a faithful reproduction: the movement of generalization and particularization, or, within the meaning of Bühler, the word considered as a phonic face, with its acoustic aspect. In front of impossibility of identifying the limitations of arbitrary in a purely formal paradigm, it becomes necessary to consider the linguistic sign in the psychophysical reality of the speakers
Emmanuel, Desmontils. "Le projet CordiFormes : une plate-forme pour la construction de modeleurs déclaratifs." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816786.
Повний текст джерелаArcher, Vincent. "Graphes linguistiques multiniveau pour l'extraction de connaissances : l'exemple des collocations." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426517.
Повний текст джерелаRichard, Simon. "Un outil pour développer et tester les grammaires d’unification polarisées." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18772.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents a computer tool to develop and test polarized unification grammars that was built, namely, to help validate experimentally Kahane & Lareau’s Meaning-Text Unification Grammar (MTUG) formalism. We first describe the theory behind the PUG formalism, then we explain how the module was developed and we test it using a fragment of the MTUG grammar.