Дисертації з теми "Graphes de propriétés"
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Ducoffe, Guillaume. "Propriétés métriques des grands graphes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4134/document.
Повний текст джерелаLarge scale communication networks are everywhere, ranging from data centers withmillions of servers to social networks with billions of users. This thesis is devoted tothe fine-grained complexity analysis of combinatorial problems on these networks.In the first part, we focus on the embeddability of communication networks totree topologies. This property has been shown to be crucial in the understandingof some aspects of network traffic (such as congestion). More precisely, we studythe computational complexity of Gromov hyperbolicity and of tree decompositionparameters in graphs – including treelength and treebreadth. On the way, we givenew bounds on these parameters in several graph classes of interest, some of thembeing used in the design of data center interconnection networks. The main resultin this part is a relationship between treelength and treewidth: another well-studiedgraph parameter, that gives a unifying view of treelikeness in graphs and has algorithmicapplications. This part borrows from graph theory and recent techniques incomplexity theory. The second part of the thesis is on the modeling of two privacy concerns with social networking services. We aim at analysing information flows in these networks,represented as dynamical processes on graphs. First, a coloring game on graphs isstudied as a solution concept for the dynamic of online communities. We give afine-grained complexity analysis for computing Nash and strong Nash equilibria inthis game, thereby answering open questions from the literature. On the way, wepropose new directions in algorithmic game theory and parallel complexity, usingcoloring games as a case example
Ravaux, Romain. "Graphes arbitrairement partitionnables : propriétés structurelles et algorithmiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0017.
Повний текст джерелаGraphes decomposition problems are in the heart of graphes theory. In this thesis we study the problem Graph_Partition wich in defined as follow. Being done a n-vertex graph ans a partition of n (a sequence of positives integers whose sum is equal to n), does it exists a partition of the vertex set such that every set of the partition induce a connected sub-graph, and the sequence of vertices numbers of these sub-graphes is a permutation of the partition of n. If a such partition of the vertex set exists, we say that the graph is decomposable for this partition of n. The problem Graph_Partition has already been the target of several studies. It has been shown that this problem is NP-Complet even restreint to the set of trees, and arbitrarily decomposable trees are principaly of degree 3. In this thesis we have in a first time continued structural study on arbitrarily decomposable and we have started structural studies on arbitrarily decomposable graphs. We have shown that arbitrarily decomposable trees with length arbitrarily haigh are exactly the set of combs. We gave an introduction building wich allow to construct arbitrarily decomposable combs with a number of degree 3 vertices and a length arbitrarily high. We have also given a first contribution concerning structural study of arbitrarily decomposable minimal graphs (whatever the edge you remove from the graph, the remaining graph is not arbitrarily decomposable). In a second time we study algorithmic aspect. We have shown that if we consider partition of n containing few integers, it is possible to determine enough quickly if a graph in decomposable for this partition of n. We have extended this result over the graphs containing few degree 3 vertices. Finally we have shown that it is possible to decide enough quickly if a tree with large diameter in arbitrarily decomposable
Zuk, Andrzej. "Sur certaines propriétés spectrales du Laplacien sur les graphes." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30272.
Повний текст джерелаMostefaoui, Mustapha. "Analyse des propriétés temporelles des graphes d'événements valués continus." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2100.
Повний текст джерелаColcombet, Thomas. "Représentations et propriétés de structures infinies." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10094.
Повний текст джерелаBirmelé, Étienne. "Largeur d'arborescence quasi-clique-mineurs et propriétés d'erdos-posa." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10259.
Повний текст джерелаDelhommé, Christian. "Propriétés de projection." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10159.
Повний текст джерелаBarbar, Kablan. "Grammaires d'arbres attribuées : méthodes de vérification des propriétés de graphes engendrés." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10595.
Повний текст джерелаChepoi, Victor. "Métriques et convexité dans les graphes et espaces discrèts : propriétés et algorithmes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22124.
Повний текст джерелаSoto, Gomez Mauricio Abel. "Quelques propriétés topologiques des graphes et applications à internet et aux réseaux." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077228.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on topological properties of graphs and their application on communication networks, specifically on graphs reflecting Internet structure. We first look how far from a tree a graph may be by the study of two parameters: hyperbolicity and treewidth. For hyperbolicity, we analyse the relation with others graph parameters, we also show that some graph decompositions allow its efficient computation. We compute both parameters o Internet snapshots at different levels of granularity and time periods. We propose some structural and algorithmic consequences of obtained values. Then, we study the graph clustering problem from the perspective of modularity, which measures a clustering quality and is largely studied in the literature. We analyse modularity from a theoretical point of view and [describe] its asymptotic behaviour for some graph families. Finally, we deal with adversarial queueing theory, a combinatorial framework derived from classic queueing theory where injection process is und the control of an adversary. We propose a new model generalisation by considering request of distinct types
Ayadi, Hèla. "Opérateur de Gauss-Bonnet semi-Fredholm et propriétés spectrales sur les graphes infinis." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4e93e5ba-424b-4597-b472-15f4526b70c2.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of an infinite locally finite weighted graph, we are interested in the study of discrete Gauss-Bonnet operator which is a Dirac type operator ( its square is the Laplacian operator ). In particular, we are focused on the conditions to have semi-Fredholmness operator needed to approach the Hodge decomposition theorem, which is important for solving problems such that Kirchhoff’s problem. In fact, we present a discrete version of the work of Gilles Carron which defines a new concept non-parabolicity at infinity to have the Gauss-Bonnet operator with closed range. Another part of this thesis consist to study the spectral properties of the Laplacian operator. We define two Laplacians one as an operator acting on functions on vertices and the other one acting on functions on edges. So, it is a natural question to characterize the relation between their spectrum in terms of a certain geometric property of the graph and properties of the operators. In fact, we show that the nonzero spectrum of the two laplacians are the same, by using Weyl criterion. In addition, we give an extension of the work of John Lott such that with suitable weight conditions, we prove that the spectral value 0 in the spectrum of one of these two Laplacians
Gaüzère, Benoit. "Application des méthodes à noyaux sur graphes pour la prédiction des propriétés des molécules." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933187.
Повний текст джерелаGaüzère, Benoît. "Application des méthodes à noyaux sur graphes pour la prédiction des propriétés des molécules." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2043.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the application of graph kernel methods to the prediction of molecular properties. In this document, we first present a state of the art of graph kernels used in chemoinformatics and particurlarly those which are based on bags of patterns. Within this framework, we introduce the treelet kernel based on a set of trees which allows to encode most of the structural information encoded in molecular graphs. We also propose a combination of this kernel with multiple kernel learning methods in order to extract a subset of relevant patterns. This kernel is then extended by including cyclic information using two molecular representations defined by the relevant cycle graph and the relevant cycle hypergraph. Relevant cycle graph allows to encode the cyclic system of a molecule
Piau, Didier. "Quelques propriétés isopérimétriques du mouvement brownien et des marches au hasard sur les graphes." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10018.
Повний текст джерелаSartor, del Giudice Pablo Enrique. "Propriétés et méthodes de calcul de la fiabilité diamètre-bornée des réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945265.
Повний текст джерелаBenchetrit, Yohann. "Propriétés géométriques du nombre chromatique : polyèdres, structures et algorithmes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM049/document.
Повний текст джерелаComputing the chromatic number and finding an optimal coloring of a perfect graph can be done efficiently, whereas it is an NP-hard problem in general. Furthermore, testing perfection can be carried- out in polynomial-time. Perfect graphs are characterized by a minimal structure of their sta- ble set polytope: the non-trivial facets are defined by clique-inequalities only. Conversely, does a similar facet-structure for the stable set polytope imply nice combinatorial and algorithmic properties of the graph ? A graph is h-perfect if its stable set polytope is completely de- scribed by non-negativity, clique and odd-circuit inequalities. Statements analogous to the results on perfection are far from being understood for h-perfection, and negative results are missing. For ex- ample, testing h-perfection and determining the chromatic number of an h-perfect graph are unsolved. Besides, no upper bound is known on the gap between the chromatic and clique numbers of an h-perfect graph. Our first main result states that the operations of t-minors keep h- perfection (this is a non-trivial extension of a result of Gerards and Shepherd on t-perfect graphs). We show that it also keeps the Integer Decomposition Property of the stable set polytope, and use this to answer a question of Shepherd on 3-colorable h-perfect graphs in the negative. The study of minimally h-imperfect graphs with respect to t-minors may yield a combinatorial co-NP characterization of h-perfection. We review the currently known examples of such graphs, study their stable set polytope and state several conjectures on their structure. On the other hand, we show that the (weighted) chromatic number of certain h-perfect graphs can be obtained efficiently by rounding-up its fractional relaxation. This is related to conjectures of Goldberg and Seymour on edge-colorings. Finally, we introduce a new parameter on the complexity of the matching polytope and use it to give an efficient and elementary al- gorithm for testing h-perfection in line-graphs
Sandouk, Mohamed Zouheir. "Méthodes et algorithmes pour l'infographie : exploitation des propriétés topologiques et géométriques de la scène." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30156.
Повний текст джерелаBernardinello, Luca. "Propriétés algébriques et combinatoires des régions dans les graphes et leur application a la synthèse de réseaux." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN1S018.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez-Martinez, Sinuhé. "Analyse des propriétés structurelles d'observabilité de l'état et de l'entrée inconnue des systèmes linéaires par approche graphique." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324534.
Повний текст джерелаParmi les propriétés encore non abordées graphiquement, l'observabilité forte traduit l'observabilité des variables d'état d'un système pour toute valeur d'entrée ainsi que l'observabilité conjointe de l'état et de l'entrée. Ces propriétés plus fortes que l'observabilité simple et le diagnostic nous ont paru utiles et pertinentes à étudier. En effet, les outils d'analyse développés peuvent s'avérer importants dans le cadre de la synthèse d'observateurs ou d'estimateurs d'entrées utile à la synthèse de lois de commandes tolérantes aux défauts ou robustes aux perturbations, ou encore quand il s'agit de vérifier si la propriété d'observabilité d'un système n'est pas altérée lorsqu'il est soumis à des perturbations, voire à des défauts d'amplitude trop importante pour être négligés.
Le manuscrit est structuré en trois parties. Dans la première, nous avons abordé l'analyse de différentes propriétés d'observabilité. Plus précisément, nous avons tout d'abord donné des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes d'observabilité de l'entrée et de l'état d'un système. Des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour l'observabilité forte d'une partie donnée des composantes de l'entrée et de l'état ont ensuite été établies. Le dernier résultat de cette partie concerne l'observabilité forte de tout l'état d'un système à entrée inconnue. Des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes ont été démontrées.
La seconde partie de cette thèse a consisté à étudier le problème du placement des capteurs afin de recouvrer des propriétés d'observabilité forte lorsque les conditions de la première partie ne sont pas vérifiées. Deux cas ont été traités. Le premier concerne la propriété d'observabilité forte d'une partie donnée de l'état. La stratégie de placement de capteurs consiste alors en une condition nécessaire permettant d'imposer qu'au moins une sortie du système soit sensible à chacune des composantes de l'état devant être fortement observables, puis en un système de relations graphiques, utilisé comme condition suffisante à ce qu'une configuration de capteurs assure l'observabilité forte des composantes de l'état choisies. Le second problème de placement de capteurs a pour objectif de rendre observables toutes les composantes de l'état. Le problème a été traité en trois étapes. Pour chacune d'elles, des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes sur le placement de capteurs ont été trouvées. Le nombre minimal de capteurs nécessaire et suffisant a aussi été déterminé. Les conditions trouvées sont fondées essentiellement sur des algorithmes classiques de la théorie des graphes.
La troisième partie traite de l'implémentation des résultats établis dans une boîte à outils dédiée à l'analyse structurelle (lisa) des systèmes linéaires et bilinéaires structurés. En premier lieu, les motivations qui ont conduit à la conception de cette boîte à outils sont exposées. La structure de lisa est ensuite présentée. Elle repose entièrement sur des algorithmes de base tels que la détermination des ensembles de successeurs et de prédécesseurs, le calcul des tailles de lien et de couplages maximaux entre deux ensembles de sommets et la caractérisation des ensembles de sommets essentiels dans des liens de taille maximale ou encore des séparateurs d'entrée et de sortie. Tous ces algorithmes ont des ordres de complexité polynomiaux. Nous avons montré comment en associant certains algorithmes de base, nous sommes arrivés à analyser l'observabilité de l'état et de l'entrée et à établir des conditions de détection et de localisation de défauts. Enfin, il est présenté des fonctions pouvant être rajoutées à lisa concernant différentes propriétés structurelles pour en faire un outil d'analyse plus complet.
Dakil, Manal. "Développement d'une méthodologie conjointe d'analyse structurelle et de sûreté de fonctionnement des propriétés d'un système complexe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0133/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the development of analysis of structural properties in interaction with indicators of reliability. Our study focuses on (linear, bilinear or switching) structured systems, they must verify some important properties for the accomplishment of their mission. Properties depend on the structure of the system, hence the term "structural properties". The structure of the system can be represented by a graph consisting of vertices and edges. Verification of structural properties depends mainly on four basic conditions of connectivity, link distance and complete linkage. We have developed algorithms to express the form of Boolean expressions based on the edges of the graph representing the system. We consider that each edge is linked to the system components. A failure at the component level can cause changes in the structure of the system, and therefore can make a structural property unsatisfied. Thus, the structural properties are written as boolean expressions based on the operating state of the components. Using boolean expressions associated to the structural properties, reliability and / or availability can be calculated knowing the characteristics of the system components. Through this study, we can check if during the mission time of the system, a structural property remain satisfied and / or comply with a level of performance required by the specifications
Martinet, Lucie. "Réseaux dynamiques de terrain : caractérisation et propriétés de diffusion en milieu hospitalier." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1010/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we focus on tools whose aim is to extract structural and temporal properties of dynamic networks as well as diffusion characteristics which can occur on these networks. We work on specific data, from the European MOSAR project, including the network of individuals proximity from time to time during 6 months at the Brek-sur-Mer Hospital. The studied network is notable because of its three dimensions constitution : the structural one induced by the distribution of individuals into distinct services, the functional dimension due to the partition of individual into groups of socio-professional categories and the temporal dimension.For each dimension, we used tools well known from the areas of statistical physics as well as graphs theory in order to extract information which enable to describe the network properties. These methods underline the specific structure of the contacts distribution which follows the individuals distribution into services. We also highlight strong links within specific socio-professional categories. Regarding the temporal part, we extract circadian and weekly patterns and quantify the similarities of these activities. We also notice distinct behaviour within patients and staff evolution. In addition, we present tools to compare the network activity within two given periods. To finish, we use simulations techniques to extract diffusion properties of the network to find some clues in order to establish a prevention policy
Andaloussi, Chafik. "Propriétés structurelles des systèmes linéaires à paramètres variant dans le temps : approche bond-graph." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECLI0004.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at the study of the structural properties on the bond-graph models. The principal motivation is to contribute to the resolution of the problems related on the study of the structural properties and calculation of the inverse system of a LTV system using of the properties and the advantages offered by a graphical representation such as the bond-graph. These problems are approached in the case of linear bond-graphs models with time varying parameters and the adequate tools were proposed. To achieve these goals, new concepts and tools were introduced. In particular, defining the concept of noncommutative bond-graph ring, a new gain rule known under the name of “Riegle rule” is introduced in bond-graph. In addition, thanks to the introduction of the notion of the differential algebra and using of the operators (delta and sigma), it became possible to graphically calculate the terms of the matrices of commandability/observability by using appropriate rules based on calculation length of the causal paths inputs-states/states-outputs. It is also shown that the graphic rules of the study of the infinite structure remain applicable in a bond-graph ring. Finally, to go further in the introduction of the algebra tool and modules to the bond-graphs, the study of the properties of inversibility of a bond-graph ring model was approached. In this context and basing on the disjoint input-output causal paths notion, it is possible to make an analysis of the inversibility directly from its BG model. It is also shown that the bicausality concept and graphic determination of the differential parameterization by using the rule of Riegle are made possible
Sartor, Pablo. "Propriétés et méthodes de calcul de la fiabilité diamètre-bornée des réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939946.
Повний текст джерелаKozhevnikov, Artem. "Propriétés métriques des ensembles de niveau des applications différentiables sur les groupes de Carnot." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112073/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetric properties of level sets of differentiable maps on Carnot groupsAbstract.We investigate the local metric properties of level sets of mappings defined between Carnot groups that are horizontally differentiable, i.e.with respect to the intrinsic sub-Riemannian structure. We focus on level sets of mapping having a surjective differential,thus, our study can be seen as an extension of implicit function theorem for Carnot groups.First, we present two notions of tangency in Carnot groups: one based on Reifenberg's flatness condition and another coming from classical convex analysis.We show that for both notions, the tangents to level sets coincide with the kernels of horizontal differentials.Furthermore, we show that this kind of tangency characterizes the level sets called ``co-abelian'', i.e.for which the target space is abelian andthat such a characterization may fail in general.This tangency result has several remarkable consequences.The most important one is that the Hausdorff dimension of the level sets is the expected one. We also show the local connectivity of level sets and, the fact that level sets of dimension one are topologically simple arcs.Again for dimension one level set, we find an area formula that enables us to compute the Hausdorff measurein terms of generalized Stieltjes integrals.Next, we study deeply a particular case of level sets in Heisenberg groups. We show that the level sets in this case are topologically equivalent to their tangents.It turns out that the Hausdorff measure of high-codimensional level sets behaves wildly, for instance, it may be zero or infinite.We provide a simple sufficient extra regularity condition on mappings that insures Ahlfors regularity of level sets.Among other results, we obtain a new general characterization of Lipschitz graphs associated witha semi-direct splitting of a Carnot group of arbitrary step.We use this characterization to derive a new characterization of co-ablian level sets that can be represented as graphs
Vergara, Soto Ignacio. "Multipliers and approximation properties of groups." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focusses on some approximation properties which generalise amenability for locally compact groups. These properties are defined by means of multipliers of certain algebras associated to the groups. The first part is devoted to the study of the p-AP, which is an extension of the AP of Haagerup and Kraus to the context of operators on Lp spaces. The main result asserts that simple Lie groups of higher rank and finite centre do not satisfy p-AP for any p between 1 and infinity. The second part concentrates on radial Schur multipliers on graphs. The study of these objects is motivated by some connections with actions of discrete groups and weak amenability. The three main results give necessary and sufficient conditions for a function of the natural numbers to define a radial multiplier on different classes of graphs generalising trees. More precisely, the classes of graphs considered here are products of trees, products hyperbolic graphs and finite dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes
De, Joannis de Verclos Rémi. "Applications des limites de structures combinatoires en géométrie et en théorie des graphes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM037/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is focused on problems related to the theory of combinatorial limits.This theory opened links between different fields such asanalysis, combinatorics, geometry and probability theory.In this thesis, we apply ideas coming from this framework toproblems in extremal combinatorics.In a first chapter we develop a theory of limits for emph{order types},a geometrical object that encodes configuration of a set of points in theplane by the mean of the orientations of their triangles.The order type of a point set suffices to determine many of its properties,such as for instance the boundary of its convex hull.We show that the limit of a converging sequence of order typescan be represented by random-free object analogous to a graphon.Further, we link this notion to the natural distributions of order typesarising from the sampling of random points from some probability measureof the plane.We observe that in this mean, every probability measure gives rise to a limitof order types.We show that this map from probability measure on the plane to limit oforder type is not surjective.Concerning its injectivity,we prove that if a measure has large enough support, for instance if its supportcontains an open ball, the limit of order types the measure generatessuffices to essentially determine this measure.A second chapter is focused on property testing.A tester is a randomized algorithm for distinguishing between objects satisfyinga property from those that are at some distance at least εfrom having itby means of the edition distance.This gives very efficient algorithms, and in particular algorithms whosecomplexity does not depend on the size of the input but only on the parameter ε.For graphs, it has been shown by Alon and Shapira that every hereditary propertyhas such a tester.We contribute to the following question :which classes of graphs have a one-sided property tester with a number of queries that is a polynomial in 1/ε ?We give a proof that the class of interval graphs has such a tester.The theory of flag algebras is a framework introduced by Razborovclosely related to dense limit of graphs, that gives a way to systematicallyderive bounds for parameters in extremal combinatorics.In a third chapter we present a program developed during my Phd.that implements this method.This program works as a library that can compute flag algebras,manipulate inequalities on densities and encode the optimization of some parameterin a semi-definite positive instance that can be given to a dedicated solverto obtain a bound on this parameter.This program is in particular used to obtain a new bound forthe triangle case of the Caccetta-Häggkvist conjecture
Lissy, Alexandre. "Utilisation de méthodes formelles pour garantir des propriétés de logiciels au sein d'une distribution : exemple du noyau Linux." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4019/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we are interested in integrating to the Linux distribution produced by Mandriva quality assurance level that allows ensuring user-Defined properties on the source code used. The core work of a distribution and its producer is to create a meaningful aggregate from software available. Those softwares are free and open source, hence it is possible to adapt it to improve end user’s experience. Hence, there is less control over the source code. Manual audit can of course be used to make sure it has good properties. Examples of such properties are often referring to security, but one could think of others. However, more and more software are getting integrated into distributions and each is showing an increase in source code volume: tools are needed to make quality assurance achievable. We start by providing a study of the distribution itself to document the current status. We use it to select some packages that we consider critical, and for which we can improve things with the condition that packages which are similar enough to the rest of the distribution will be considered first. This leads us to concentrating on the Linux kernel: we provide a state of the art overview of code verification applied to this piece of the distribution. We identify a need for a better understanding of the structure of the source code. To address those needs we propose to use a graph as a representation of the source code and use it to help document and understand its structure. Specifically we study applying some state of the art community detection algorithm to help handle the combinatory explosion. We also propose a distribution’s build system-Integrated architecture for executing, collecting and handling the analysis of data produced by verifications tools
Cassé, Clement. "Prévision des performances des services Web en environnement Cloud." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30268.
Повний текст джерелаCloud Computing has changed how software is now developed and deployed. Nowadays, Cloud applications are designed as rapidly evolving distributed systems that are hosted in third-party data centre and potentially scattered around the globe. This shift of paradigms also had a considerable impact on how software is monitored: Cloud application have been growing to reach the scale of hundreds of services, and state-of-the-art monitoring quickly faced scaling issues. In addition, monitoring tools also now have to address distributed systems failures, like partial failures, configuration inconsistencies, networking bottlenecks or even noisy neighbours. In this thesis we present an approach based on a new source of telemetry that has been growing in the realm of Cloud application monitoring. Indeed, by leveraging the recent OpenTelemetry standard, we present a system that converts "distributed tracing" data in a hierarchical property graph. With such a model, it becomes possible to highlight the actual topology of Cloud applications like the physical distribution of its workloads in multiple data centres. The goal of this model is to exhibit the behaviour of Cloud Providers to the developers maintaining and optimizing their application. Then, we present how this model can be used to solve some prominent distributed systems challenges: the detection of inefficient communications and the anticipation of hot points in a network of services. We tackle both of these problems with a graph-theory approach. Inefficient composition of services is detected with the computation of the Flow Hierarchy index. A Proof of Concept is presented based on a real OpenTelemetry instrumentation of a Zonal Kubernetes Cluster. In, a last part we address the concern of hot point detection in a network of services through the perspective of graph centrality analysis. This work is supported by a simulation program that has been instrumented with OpenTelemetry in order to emit tracing data. These traces have been converted in a hierarchical property graph and a study on the centrality algorithms allowed to identify choke points. Both of the approaches presented in this thesis comply with state-of-the-art Cloud application monitoring. They propose a new usage of Distributed Tracing not only for investigation and debugging but for automatic detection and reaction on a full system
Ferrah, Djawhar. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques d'interfaces par photoémission." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0048/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to study the chemical and physical properties at the surface or at the interface between thin layers by photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), photoelectron diffraction (XPD), and time resolved photoemission (PTR) . The experiments were conducted using an Alka source at INL or soft -X ray synchrotron radiation at Soleil, the French national Synchrotron facility. The first photoemission study has been performed on platinum deposited on thin Gd2(h layers grown by Molecular Bearn Epitaxy (MBE) on Si (111) substrate. The charge transfer between Pt and 0 at the interface causes a chemical shift to higher binding energies without changing the characteristic shape of the metal XPS peak. The XPD study shows that Pt is partially crystallized into two (111)-oriented do mains on Gd20 3 (111) with the in-plane epitaxial relationships [11 0] Pt (111) / / [11 0] Gd203 (111) and [101] Pt(111)/ / [11 0] Gd20 3 (111). In addition to bi-domains formation of platinum Pt (111) on Gd20 3 (111), a new ordered phase of platinum oxide Pt02 at the Pt/ Gd203 interface have been observed. The study of the background of the polar curves depending of the morphology has shown, that the film of Pt does not wet on the oxide, due to the low energy of interaction at the interface compared to the Pt thin layer. The second study has been interested to the photoemission time-resolved study of non-reactive metal / semiconductor model system. We have studied the thin layer gold (Au) growth on silicon (Si) substrate before and during annealing in TEMPO beam line (synchrotron Soleil).The XPS study, shows before annealing the formation of silicon native oxide on heterostructure at ambient temperature. The desorption of silicon oxide during annealing at low temperature induce photoemission intensity decreases with time. The desorption of oxide and alloy formation (AuSi) induce distribution of pits with cubic form at silicon surface due to gold etching activity. The third photoemission study has concerned thin films of a few layers of graphene obtained by solid-state graphitization from 6H-SiC (0001) substrates have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). The Cls core-level has been resolved into components, which have been associated with carbon from bulk SiC, carbon from graphene and carbon at the interface graphene/ 6H-SiC (0001). Then, the intensity of each of these components has been recorded as a function of polar (azimuth) angle for several azimuth (polar) angles. These XPD measurements provide crystallographic information which clearly indicates that the graphene sheets are organized in graphite-like structure on 6H-SiC(0001), an organization that results of the shrinking of the 6H-SiC (0001) lattice after Si depletion. Finally the decoupling of graphene from 6H-SiC (0001) substrate by oxygen intercalation has been studied from the XPS point of view. Finally, photoemission study has concerned thin film of InP (phosphor indium ) islands grown by Molecular Bearn Epitaxy (MBE) on SrTi03 (001) bulk substrate have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction (XPS/ XPD).Integration of III-V semi-conductor on silicon wafer, via SrTi03 buffer is currently the subject of intense research because of its potentially interesting applications in future nano-optoelectronics. The Ols, Sr3d, Ti2p, In3d, and P 2p core level area have been studied as function of azimuth angle for different polar angles. Comparison of the XPD azimuth curves of Sr3d and In3d shows that islands InP are oriented (001) with an in-plane epitaxial relationship [110] InP(001 ) // [100] SrTi03 (001). AFM images shows that InP islands are regularly dispersed on the surface. Their shape is a regularly facetted half-sphere
Hujsa, Thomas. "Contribution à l'étude des réseaux de Petri généralisés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066342/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany real systems and applications, including flexible manufacturing systems and embedded systems, are composed of communicating tasks and may be modeled by weighted Petri nets. The behavior of these systems can be checked on their model early on at the design phase, thus avoiding costly simulations on the designed systems. Usually, the models should exhibit three basic properties: liveness, boundedness and reversibility.Liveness preserves the possibility of executing every task, while boundedness ensures that the operations can be performed with a bounded amount ofresources. Reversibility avoids a costly initialization phase and allows resets of the system.Most existing methods to analyse these properties have exponential time complexity.By focusing on several expressive subclasses of weighted Petri nets, namely Fork-Attribution, Choice-Free, Join-Free and Equal-Conflict nets,the first polynomial algorithms that ensure liveness, boundednessand reversibility for these classes have been developed in this thesis.First, we provide several polynomial time transformations that preserve structural andbehavioral properties of weighted Petri nets, while simplifying the study of their behavior.Second, we use these transformations to obtain several polynomial sufficient conditions of livenessfor the subclasses considered. Finally, the transformations also prove useful for the study of the reversibility propertyunder the liveness assumption. We provide several characterizations and polynomial sufficient conditionsof reversibility for the same subclasses. All our conditions are scalable and can be easily implemented in real systems
Faik, Taoufik. "La b-continuite des b-colorations : complexité, propriétés structurelles et algorithmes." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112047.
Повний текст джерелаTHE B-COLORING OF A GRAPH G IS A COLORING SUCH OF G SUCH THAT FOR EACH COLOR c, THERE EXISTS AT LEAST A VERTEX v (CALLED COLORFUL VERTEX) COLORED c HAVING EACH OTHER COLOR ON ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. AN F-COLORING IS A B-COLORING WHERE ALL THE VERTICES ARE COLORFUL. IT IS CLEAR THAT ANY COLORING WITH THE CHROMATIC NUMBER OF COLORS IS A B-COLORING. WHOEVER, THE F-COLORING DO NOT EXIST IN ANY GRAPH. ^ONE PECULIAR CHARACTERISTIC OF B-COLORINGS (RESP; F-COLORINGS) IS THAT FOR SOME GRAPHS, THERE EXISTS A p AND A q B-COLORING (RESP. F-COLORING) WITH p
Bader, El Dine Kamil. "Uterine synchronization analysis during pregnancy and labor using graph theory, classification based on machine learning." Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2680.
Повний текст джерелаThe overall objective of this thesis is to study the phenomenon of the propagation of uterine electrical activity by a approach based on graph theory. The first step in this thesis is to find new parameters extracted from the graphs which are suitable to represent the physio-pathological evolutions of the uterus. These parameters will be tested directly on th EHG signals recorded at the level of the abdomen then at the level of the sources identified from the EHGs. This analysis will be applied to the EHG signal i) globally (using the entire contraction) and ii) dynamically (using time windows in the contraction to characterize each time the corresponding graph). The second step will be to develop a new method based on neural networks and apply it on all the parameters already used in order to select the best parameters that can differentiate pregnancy and labor contractions. The expected results will be used both to enrich scientific knowledge in this field and to try to improve the performance of the prediction of prematurity in women
Caniou, Yann. "Analyse de sensibilité globale pour les modèles de simulation imbriqués et multiéchelles." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864175.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Mali. "Electronic Properties of Graphene Functionalized with 2D Molecular Assemblies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS013.
Повний текст джерелаGraphene has extraordinary properties because of its linear band structure and zero band gap. However, the lack of a band gap hinders the implementation of graphene in electronics; tuning the band gap of graphene would enable a precise control of the charge carriers. One of the promising solutions is to modify graphene with organic molecular building blocks. Organic molecules with a metal ion (metal- porphyrin, metal- phthalocyanine) are potential candidates, because of their robust structure and the fact that their charge and spin properties can be tuned. In this thesis, graphene was prepared by sublimating Si atoms from both Si and C- terminated SiC substrates. Three molecules which carry different spin information were studied by STM experiments. Through collaborations, DFT calculations were used to improve our understanding of the molecule- graphene interaction.The first molecule used in our experiment is Ni- phthalocyanine (NiPc). The Ni²⁺ ion has a 3d⁸ electron configuration, giving a spin- state of 0. The second molecule is Pt- tetraphenylporphyrin (PtTPP(CO₂Me)₄). The Pt²⁺ ion also shows a d8 electron configuration with a spin state of zero. However, the Pt atom is heavier than Ni, which should increase the spin- orbit effects. The third molecule is tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe(TPP)Cl). The Fe³⁺ in Fe(TPP)Cl is stable in the high spin state (S=5/2). These three molecules each form well- ordered nearly square lattice molecular networks on graphene. The molecular lattice directions are dominated by the graphene symmetry, while the molecular orientations depend on the molecule- molecule interactions. The electronic couplings between each of three molecules and graphene are via the Van der Waals forces, which gives rise to the capacitive molecular- layer/ graphene interfaces. The electronic interactions between FeTPP molecules and graphene are stronger than those between NiPc or PtTPP molecules and graphene. The studies of the organic molecules with different spin information on the graphene has the potential to pave the way for the application of organometallic molecules/graphene interface in spintronic devices
Zhao, Shen. "Propriétés optiques de nanorubans et boites quantiques de graphène." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript presents an experimental study on the optical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) synthesized by bottom-up chemistry.For the part on GNRs, the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra as well as the life-time measurements on the dispersion of solution-mediated synthesized GNRs implies the formation of excimer states as a result of aggregation of GNRs. By means of confocal fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we observe the emission of small GNR aggregates confirming the ability of GNRs to emit light in the solid state. On the other hand, the optical characterizations of on-surface synthesized GNRs shows remarkable Raman features, implying the distinct vibrational properties of GNRs compared to graphene and carbon nanotubes. The observed PL is spectrally broad with higher energy instead of a bright bandgap emission, which might be related to the defects created during the sample preparation.For the part on GQDs, the optical spectroscopy results indicate that GQDs are individualized in dispersions rather than in the form of aggregates. Then by means of microphotoluminescence, we directly address the intrinsic properties of single GQDs. Second-order photon correlation measurements reveal that GQDs exhibit single-photon emission with a high purity. Notably, the emission of GQDs has good photo-stability with high brightness. As a first example of the optical tunability of GQDs through the control of their structure, we observe that the emission of single edge-chlorinated GQDs is redshifted by almost 100 nm while maintaining the single-photon emission
Schwarz, Cornelia. "Propriétés optomécaniques, vibrationelles et thermiques de membranes de graphène suspendues." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY024/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the Graphene Nano- Opto- Mechanics and Electronics is to use suspended graphene membranes as building blocks to address the coupling of optics, mechanics and electronics in this novel material. With a Young modulus similar to that of diamond (1 TPa), graphene is an extremely stiff, light and atomically thin membrane that can withstand its own weight without collapsing or breaking when suspended. Such membranes, integrated as mechanical devices, can be actuated from DC up to very high mechanical vibration frequencies (GHz). Moreover, graphene is an exposed 2D electron gas for which an electrostatic gate dramatically tunes the charge carrier density and its optical properties. Last but not least, it provides a unique architecture to perform physico-chemical functionalization and obtain hybrid materials combining the peculiar properties of adsorbed and chemisorbed species with the graphene ones
Arezki, Hakim. "Ingénierie des propriétés optoélectroniques du graphène." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS095/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was structured around the modulation of the electronic properties of graphene obtained via the CVD growth on copper substrate and/or the graphitization of the carbon atoms in the SiC substrate. One of the objectives was the design of electrodes (front or rear) for photovoltaic cells, among other applications. Different doping techniques have been implemented for modulating the work function (WF) and the electron mobility i.e. the incorporation of nitrogen in-situ during the growth, ex-situ incorporation by nitric acid and/or nano gold colloids (AuCl3). In this work, various characterization techniques were employed including atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS), electrical transport measurements by Hall and field effect. These techniques have enabled us to determine the homogeneity , thecrystalline quality of the material, the carrier density, the electrical resistance and the electron mobility of different intrinsic and doped samples. Furthermore, we showed that it is possible to modulate the WF graphene by fabricating a heterostructure composed of PECVD amorphous silicon doped N or P deposited onto the graphene. This approach is of particular interest for replacement of ITO with graphene as transparent electrode. This result was confirmed by the study detailed spectra of the XPS and Raman vibrational states. The electronic transport measurements showed a charge transfer at the interface of the heterojunction graphene/amorphous silicon. The variation observed depends not only on the type of doping of the amorphous silicon but also on the crystallinity of the latter. This approach can readily be adapted to photovoltaic devices
Rotenberg, Elie. "Une approche pour l'estimation fiable des propriétés de la topologie de l'internet." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a novel approach to reliably estimate properties of the Internet topology. Unlike historical approaches, based on declarative, hardly reliable data, or on readings from maps measured with diagnostic tools, our approach is to develop very reliable measure primitives, of which the operation, the hypotheses, and the results are well defined. Our first case study is the degree distribution of the logical topology, or L3. We use the traceroute tool, of which we study the operation, to derive a measurement primitive. This measurement primitive, which relies on using a distribution set of monitors over the network, allows us to get an estimation of the number of neighbors in L3 of a target core router. We use this primitive against a random sample of targets and obtain the sought distribution, and establish limits to this method. Our second case study is the degree distribution of the physical topology, or L2-L3. We use the UDP Ping tool, of which we study the operation, to derive a measurement primitive. It is alike the tool we used for the logical topology, but relies on much more clearly established and verified hypotheses, and is validated by very detailed simulations. We also include statistical guarantees of the sampling uniformity of the target core routers to the measurement protocol. We obtain an evaluation of the sought degree distribution, of an unprecedented reliability. We complete this case study by a complimentary study over the forwarding tables of the core routers. Finally, we picture the many perspectives opened by this approach, eg. By applying it to other types of networks (social networks, etc.)
Shah, Faaiz Hussain. "Gradual Pattern Extraction from Property Graphs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS025/document.
Повний текст джерелаGraph databases (NoSQL oriented graph databases) provide the ability to manage highly connected data and complex database queries along with the native graph-storage and processing. A property graph in a NoSQL graph engine is a labeled directed graph composed of nodes connected through relationships with a set of attributes or properties in the form of (key:value) pairs. It facilitates to represent the data and knowledge that are in form of graphs. Practical applications of graph database systems have been seen in social networks, recommendation systems, fraud detection, and data journalism, as in the case for panama papers. Often, we face the issue of missing data in such kind of systems. In particular, these semi-structured NoSQL databases lead to a situation where some attributes (properties) are filled-in while other ones are not available, either because they exist but are missing (for instance the age of a person that is unknown) or because they are not applicable for a particular case (for instance the year of military service for a girl in countries where it is mandatory only for boys). Therefore, some keys can be provided for some nodes and not for other ones. In such a scenario, when we want to extract knowledge from these new generation database systems, we face the problem of missing data that arise need for analyzing them. Some approaches have been proposed to replace missing values so as to be able to apply data mining techniques. However, we argue that it is not relevant to consider such approaches so as not to introduce biases or errors. In our work, we focus on the extraction of gradual patterns from property graphs that provide end-users with tools for mining correlations in the data when there exist missing values. Our approach requires first to define gradual patterns in the context of NoSQL property graph and then to extend existing algorithms so as to treat the missing values, because anti-monotonicity of the support can not be considered anymore in a simple manner. Thus, we introduce a novel approach for mining gradual patterns in the presence of missing values and we test it on real and synthetic data. Further to this work, we present our approach for mining such graphs in order to extract frequent gradual patterns in the form of ``the more/less $A_1$,..., the more/less $A_n$" where $A_i$ are information from the graph, should it be from the nodes or from the relationships. In order to retrieve more valuable patterns, we consider fuzzy gradual patterns in the form of ``The more/less the A_1 is F_1,...,the more/less the A_n is F_n" where A_i are attributes retrieved from the graph nodes or relationships and F_i are fuzzy descriptions. For this purpose, we introduce the definitions of such concepts, the corresponding method for extracting the patterns, and the experiments that we have led on synthetic graphs using a graph generator. We show the results in terms of time utilization, memory consumption and the number of patterns being generated
Feldner, Hélène. "Propriétés magnétiques de systèmes à deux dimensions : système frustré de spins sur réseau carré et propriétés magnétiques de systèmes finis de graphènes." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6180.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is about the magnetic properties of two different two dimensional systems. The first one corresponds to vanadates or cuprate crystals, which can be studied by a spin system on square lattice and a Heisenberg model with three couplings, a ferromagnetic first neighbor coupling and antiferromagnetic second and third neighbor couplings. This system is frustrated and lead to a non trivial classical phase diagram. We have studied the influence of quantum fluctuation using a Holstein-Primakov approach and the Schwinger bosons model. The second system studied corresponds to graphene of finite size. To study this system we use a mean field approximation of the Hubbard model. In a first step we recover within our method well known results and check that the model has been correctly implemented. In a second step, in order to assess the accuracy of this method, we perform complementary exact diagonalization calculations, and compare our results with quantum Monte Carlo simulations. And in the last part we will show evidence of a dynamical signature of the zigzag edge magnetization of finite sample of graphene
Forbes, Florence. "Modèles markoviens de ressources partagées." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004991.
Повний текст джерелаMarceau, Jean-François. "Propriété de maintien des facteurs communs dans le cas An." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9712.
Повний текст джерелаAchir, Ali. "Contribution à l’étude de la propriété de platitude sur des modèles Bond Graphs non linéaires." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECLI0005.
Повний текст джерелаThis PHD thesis aims to study the differential flatness property on non-linear bond graph models (BGs) and to contribute to the resolution of the two principal problems encountered in practice, mainly the problems of flat outputs identification and differential parameterisation. In order to reach this objective, new concepts and graphical tools are introduced. Particularly, thanks to the use of the Kähler differentials, the notion of tangent or variationnel BG (VBG) model is defined. A BG method based on the use of the BGV model enables identifying the bases of the differential module associated with the VBG model, which become the flat outputs of the original non-linear system after integration. Besides, by defining the notion of non-commutative ring BGs, a new gain rule known as Riegle’s gain formula is extended to BGs. Then, by considering a VBG model as a particular case of non-commutative ring BGs, the problem of differential parameterisation is then solved using Riegle’s gain formula and the concept of bicausality. Finally, in order to introduce further concepts of differential algebra and modules theory to the BG methodology, the case of non-linear BG models governed by polynomial differential equations is approached. In this context, the BG allows to conduct a direct analysis of the main properties of the system from its associated BG model, such as the choices of inputs, the dynamics corresponding to these choices, the calculation of differential (non-differential) transcendence degrees, etc. . . It is also shown that Riegle's gain rule can be extended to this class of BGs models
Arbelot, Benoit. "Transferts d'apparence en espace image basés sur des propriétés texturelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM018/document.
Повний текст джерелаImage-space appearance manipulation techniques are widely used in various domains such as photography, biology, astronomy or performing arts. An image appearance depends on the image colors and texture, but also the perceived 3D informations such as shapes, materials and illumination. These characteristics also create a specific look and feel for the image, which is also part of the image appearance. The goal of image-space manipulation techniques is to modify colors and textures as a mean to alter perceived shapes, illumination, materials, and from this possibly alter the image look and feel.Appearance transfer methods are a specific type of manipulation techniques aiming to make the process more intuitive by automatically computing the image modification. In order to do so, they use an additional user-provided image depicting the desired appearance.In this thesis, we study image-space appearance transfer based on textural properties. Since textures are an integral part of the image appearance, guiding appearance transfers with textural information is an attractive approach. We first present a texture descriptor filtering framework to better preserve image edges and texture transitions in the texture analysis. We then use this framework coupled with different texture descriptors in order to apply local texture guided color transfer, colorization and texture transfer
Raymond, Jean-Florent. "Structural and algorithmic aspects of partial orderings of graphs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT289.
Повний текст джерелаThe central theme of this thesis is the study of the properties of the classes of graphs defined by forbidden substructures and their applications.The first direction that we follow concerns well-quasi-orders. Using decomposition theorems on graph classes forbidding one substructure, we identify those that are well-quasi-ordered. The orders and substructures that we consider are those related to the notions of contraction and induced minor.Then, still considering classes of graphs defined by forbidden substructures, we obtain bounds on invariants such as degree, treewidth, tree-cut width, and a new invariant generalizing the girth.The third direction is the study of the links between the combinatorial invariants related to problems of packing and covering of graphs. In this direction, we establish new connections between these invariants for some classes of graphs. We also present algorithmic applications of the results
Leszczynski, Przemyslaw. "Propriétés optiques et magnéto-optiques de systèmes électroniques purement bidimensionnels graphène." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY002/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the massive attention that graphene has attracted in recent years, there are still many unanswered questions about its fundamental properties. In this work we present the results of a series of magneto-optical experiments performed on different graphene systems. The micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy was used as our method of choice, due to its non-invasive character, powerful characterization possibilities and high spatial resolution. The high magnetic fields were used to continuously tune the energy of inter-Landau level electronic excitations into a resonance with other excitations existing in the system. The magnetic field evolution of Raman active inter-Landau level excitations, and the details of the magneto-phonon resonance, gave us important information about the details of the electron-phonon interaction in graphene. Three different types of graphene are studied in this work. The first one consists of graphene flakes that can be found on the surface of graphite. It is possibly the least investigated graphene system, yet the one that shows the highest electronic quality. In Chapter 7 we present results of our magneto-Raman scattering experiments on this system. Our method for locating these flakes with the use of the magnetic field and without it is presented. The evolution of electronic excitations in magnetic fields is discussed. The effects of temperature, excitation wavelength and different coupling to the substrate are shown. We demonstrate that at high magnetic fields a fine-structure of the principal interband electronic excitation develops and discuss it in terms of doping and electron-hole asymmetry. A new type of a resonant electron-phonon interaction is observed, which involve an inter-valley carrier scattering and an emission of a K-point phonon. An analogous process for the phonons from the vicinity of the Γ point is observed.The second studied system consists of a graphene flake encapsulated between two layers of atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). It is a representative of a novel class of materials, where different 2D crystals, are stacked on top of each other in a predefined order, to modify some properties of its constituents. Depositing graphene on a thin layer of hBN is expected to largely improve its electronic properties, as compared to graphene deposited on Si/SiO2. In Chapter 8 we present results obtained on such system. We show how spatial mapping with Raman scattering technique can be used for characterization and selective visualization of each constituent of the complex, stacked structures. A first, clear observation of a magneto-phonon resonance and L(-1,1) electronic excitation in an intrinsic, exfoliated graphene is shown. The Fermi velocity dependence on the magnetic field is demonstrated. Also, the Fermi velocity and 2D band energy dependence on the substrate is observed and discussed in terms of dielectric screening of the electron-electron interaction.The last studied system is the CVD grown graphene flake with electrical contacts. In Chapter 9 we show the results of an experiment, where strength of the electron-phonon interaction in a gated, CVD grown, graphene was successfully tuned by the applied gate voltage. We compare these results with the theoretical calculations and show that the intra-band electronic excitations play an important role in the renormalization of the phonon energy
Noël, Amélie. "Electrical properties of film-forming polymer/graphene nanocomposites : Elaboration through latex route and characterization." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0767/document.
Повний текст джерелаPrinted electronics, particularly on flexible and textile substrates, raised a strong interest during the past decades. This project presents a procedure that provides a complete and consistent candidate for conductive inks based on a graphene/polymer nanocomposite material. It consists in the synthesis of conductive inks nanocomposites comprising polymer particles (latex) with low glass transition temperature, Tg, and graphene platelets, for the conductive properties. The conductive particles, named Nanosize Multilayered Graphene (NMG), are prepared by wet grinding delamination of micro-graphite suspensions stabilized by various surfactants and/or polymeric stabilizers. This solvent-free procedure allows the formation of NMG suspensions with low thickness (1-10 sheets). Polymer particles are synthetized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization with acrylates monomers.Physical blending of latex particles and NMG platelets are performed to obtain conductive nanocomposites inks. Adding NMG induce a low percolation threshold and a sharp increase of the electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the polymer particles diameters have an impact on these properties.To increase the formation of a well-defined cellular microstructure, the nanocomposites are also synthetized by in situ polymerization in presence of NMG platelets, using emulsion, miniemulsion or dispersion polymerization. The excellent electrical properties of these nanocomposites associated to their flexibility make these materials suitable candidates for the production of conductive inks for textile printing applications
Poumirol, Jean-Marie. "Etude des propriétés électroniques du graphène et des matériaux à base de graphène sous champs magnétiques intenses." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents transport measurements on two-dimensional and one-dimensional graphene-based systems under pulsed magnetic field (60T). The objective of this work is to probe the dynamics of charge carriers by changing the density of states of the system by applying a strong magnetic field. The first part is devoted to the study of the influence of electron-hole pockets on the transport properties of graphene near the charge neutrality point. We found the appearance of fluctuations in the magneto-resistance due to the progressive transition of the electron/hole puddles of finite size in the quantum regime as the magnetic field increases. We have also shown that the variation of the Fermi energy, due to the increase of orbital Landau level degeneracy, is directly responsible of a change in the electron and hole ratio. The second part is devoted to the study of graphene nano-ribbons, we explored two different ranges of width. In the broad nano-ribbons of width W larger than 60 nm, the quantification of the resistance is observed, revealing a clear signature of the quantization of the energy spectrum into Landau levels. We show for the first time the effect of valley degeneracy lifting induced by the magnetic confinement of charge carriers at the edges of the armchair nano-ribbons. For narrower nano-ribbons (W <30 nm) in presence of edge defects and charged impurities, the progressive formation of chiral edge states leads to a positive magneto-conductance whatever the carrier density. Finally, the last part of this thesis deals with magneto-transport fingerprints in multi-layer graphene as we observed the quantum Hall effect in tri-layer graphene. A comparative study of the experimental results with numerical simulations was used to determine the rhombohedral stacking of three layers of graphene in the sample
Cadic, Emmanuel. "Construction de Turbo Codes courts possédant de bonnes propriétés de distance minimale." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2c131fa5-a15a-4726-8d49-663621bd2daf/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0018.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is aimed at building turbo codes with good minimum distances and delaying the``error-floor'' which corespond to a threshold of 10-6 for the binary error rate. Under this threshold, the slope of the curve decreases significantly. This problem is alleviated by the use of duo-binary turbo codes [11] which guarantee better minimum distances. In order to obtain good minimum distances with short turbo codes (length inferior to 512), the first construction used and studied is the one proposed by Carlach and Vervoux [26]. It allows to obtain very good minimum distances but its decoding is unfortunately very difficult because of its structure. After identifying the reasons for this problem, we have modified these codes by using some graphicals structures which are the gathering of low complexity components codes. The idea is to realize this change without loosing the minimum distances properties, and consequently we had to understand why minimum distances are good for this familly of codes and define a new criteria to choose ``good'' components codes. This criteria is independent from the minimum distance of the component codes because it is derived from the Input-Output Weight Enumerator (IOWE) of the components codes. It allows us to choose components codes with very low complexity which are combined in order to provide 4-state tail-biting trellises. These trellises are then used to build multiple parallel concatenated and serial turbo codes with good minimum distances. Some extremal self-dual codes have been built in that way
Godel, Florian. "Le graphène comme barrière tunnel : propriétés d'injection de charges et de spin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE029/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy PhD thesis deals with the fabrication and the electric and magnetic characterizations of magnetic tunnel junctions based on graphene. The interaction of graphene with its close environment opens new possibilities for spintronics applications. The manuscript is focused on the improvement of the understanding of mechanisms involved in the injection and detection of a polarized spin current at the graphene/ferromagnetic interfaces. We show that it is possible to grow epitaxially MgO tunnel barrier on graphene. We study the spin transport mechanisms in vertical junctions of Co/MgO/Gr/Ni. The interaction of graphene with nickel electrode is probed through tunnel magnetoresistance inversions which can be explained by the activation of phonon assisted conduction channel. We also measure in vertical and lateral devices based on alumina barrier on graphene, reproducible Coulomb blockade processes linked to the presence of monodisperse aluminum clusters at the graphene edge