Статті в журналах з теми "Granularity deformation"
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1
Deng, Zheng Jie, Feng Wei Wang, Guo Yuan Chen, Chun Shi, Shu Qian He, and Shu Lei Wu. "A Mesh Deformation Method with Multiple Editing Granularities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1822.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a mesh deformation method being able to quickly exchange between different editing granularities. The method firstly simplifies the original model mesh to obtain an accuracy-specified control mesh while preserving user’s pre-configured control handle vertices, and then computes the original mesh vertices’ mean value coordinates on the control mesh. Next, uses the Laplacian deformation to deform the control mesh with user’s editing, and then computes the deforming result based on the new control mesh and the previous mean value coordinates. Users can quickly generate a different accuracy control mesh of the new mesh again for deforming with a different granularity. Users only need edit some control vertices, which contains user’s specified handles, so the manipulation is convenient. Experiments show that users can deform models with this method, while changing the granularity fluently and preserving mesh’s features.
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Deng, Wenli, Fuming Deng, Ruiping Liu, and Xiangdong Ma. "Granularity-induced plastic deformation mechanism of pure polycrystalline cubic boron nitride." Ceramics International 46, no. 14 (October 2020): 21932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.04.193.
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Liu, Xiao Guang, Xin Li, Ding Zhong Tang, Jian Sheng Yao, and Shu Xin Niu. "Effect of Bimodal Granularity Distribution on the Properties of Silica-Based Ceramic Cores." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, the effects of the bimodal particle size distribution of fused silica on the properties of silica-based ceramic cores have been investigated. In order to simulate a casting process condition, the core specimens were sintered at 1220°C, tested at above 1500°C. Three point bending tests were carried out on all the prepared specimens. Phase evolution and microstructure were investigated by XRD and SEM respectively. The results showed that with the bimodal granularity distribution broaden and the content of coarse particles increasing, the contraction, flexural strength and creep deformation of ceramic cores decreased linearly, as the content of mineralizer was determined. Coarse particles served as the skeleton to relieve the contraction in ceramic matrix and avoided sharp decrease of flexural strength. The high temperature properties were largely determined by the combined effects of crystallization and skeleton network. The crystallization depended mostly on the fine particles, and the skeleton network was prerequisite to avoid creep deformation.
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Guan, Jun, De Min He, Yun Shan Li, and Qiu Min Zhang. "Lignite Particle Size Distribution and its Effect on Briquetting." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Huolinhe(HLH) Lignite was used for this experiment. Among the several factors that influence lignite briquetting, particle size distribution was investigated in detail. Rosin- Rammler- Bennet equation (RRB) was used to describe particle size distribution. Uniformity index n and characteristic feature size De were also calculated. Compaction curves of the lignite shows that the whole compaction process can be divided into the particle re-arrangement stage, the plastic deformation stage and the whole deformation stage. More reasonable uniformity of particle size distribution and characteristic feature size would have higher compact density. The granularity of lignite had a distinct effect on the briquette strength. In order to increase the mechanical stability of briquettes small particle size lignite should be used.
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Wu, Xizhi, Han Niu, Xian-Jun Li, and Yiqiang Wu. "A study on the GA-BP neural network model for surface roughness of basswood-veneered medium-density fiberboard." Holzforschung 74, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRoughness is an important property of wood surface and has a significant influence on the interface bonding strength and surface coating quality. However, there are no theoretical models for basswood-veneered medium-density fiberboard (MDF) by fine sanding from existing research work. In this paper, the basswood-veneered MDF was fine sanded with an air drum. Orthogonal experiment was implemented to study the effects of abrasive granularity, feed rate, belt speed, air drum deformation and air drum pressure on the surface roughness of basswood-veneered MDF. The simulation models of the parallel-grain roughness and the vertical-grain roughness of the sanded surface were conducted based on the BP (error back propagation) neural network, which was optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) (GA-BP neural network), and these models were verified by extensive experimental data. The results showed that the influence of sanding parameters on parallel-grain roughness was similar to that on vertical-grain roughness. The order of influence was that: abrasive granularity > belt speed > feed speed > air drum deformation and air drum pressure. Based on the work, the parallel-grain roughness and vertical-grain roughness of basswood-veneered MDF could be well predicted by the GA-BP neural network. The average relative errors on parallel-grain roughness and vertical-grain roughness were 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively.
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Qu, Shou Jiang, Jie Cai Han, and Song He Meng. "Compressive Deformation Behavior of the Ferritic Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys at Elevated Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The compressive properties characterized as a function of the true stress-strain response of the ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys, fabricated by mechanical alloying, were examined at strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.5s-1. Based on the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, the solidus temperature of the ferritic ODS alloys is 1446oC. Therefore, the compressive temperatures were chosen to be from 1050oC to 1300oC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation is indicative of the homogeneous distribution of the nano-yttria particles with the granularity of 100~200nm, which may exert a strong pinning effect on subgrains. The results indicate that flow stress of the ferritic ODS alloys enhances with decreasing compressive temperature and increasing strain rate. Investigation of the strain rate sensitivity exponent and apparent activation energy of the ferritic ODS alloys has been carried out in detail.
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Harničárová, Marta, Jan Valíček, Milena Kušnerová, Ivan Kopal, Júlia Litecká, Milan Kadnár, Ján Kmec, and Zuzana Palková. "Prediction of Shortening and Material Grain Size after Extrusion Using the ECAP Method." Defect and Diffusion Forum 400 (March 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.400.91.
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Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a widespread severe plastic deformation (SPD) method to fabricate ultrafine-grained bulk materials. In the field of materials engineering, this method has already experienced rapid development over the past few decades. In this research, the authors sought to create a prediction of shortening and the material particle size after extrusion using ECAP. Behaviours of essential functions are analysed here on samples of pure copper Cu 99.9. It is the measurement and analytical processing of changes in the values of selected structural and mechanical parameters depending on the reduction of the structural granularity. Parameters such as deformation speed, deformation work and ECAP mechanical performance are also included in the results. The change in structure and mechanical parameters is also newly demonstrated by measuring the change in the velocity of the longitudinal ultrasound wave during the experimental passes. Based on the results obtained, new computational algorithms for Excel and Matlab were developed. The algorithms developed here contain many new findings, conclusions and derivations addressing the integrity of the surface with the inner structure of materials. Algorithms are very well-suited for obtaining results on different materials quickly, for predicting and checking measured values, and for designing optimal measurement technology parameters for the ECAP method.
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Zhou, Tian Rui, L. J. Wang, and C. H. Xiong. "Study on Superplastic Grain Growth Model and Dynamic Simulation." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability of metal plastic forming and the mechanism performance of the part are correlated with grain granularity of the metal. Grain growth is a prominent character of the microstructure evolution. It is very helpful for the design of process and die structure to study the mechanism of superpalstic deformation and microstructure evolution of superplastic forming. The microstructure evolution of material is impact directly the mechanic performance of the component in superplastic forming. It is necessary to optimize the complex process and to predict the microstructure evolution. A new simulation method that integration the finite element simulation and the microstructure simulation of superplastic forming is introduced in this paper. Monte Catlo method is an odds simulating technique and can simulate time course of microstructure evolution. Based on the studies of superplastic grain growth mechanism, the superplastic grain growth rate equation are derived in this paper by coupling static state anneal grain growth mechanism and deformation stimulated grain growth mechanism. The grain growth drive force of superplastic deformation includes mostly boundary energy and distortion energy. A new drive force model is derived based on energy model. The microstructure evolution is correlated with the stress and strain of the part, and the integration of superplastic forming FE simulation and microstructure evolution MC simulation is realized. Using the integrating simulation technique can predict not only the forming process but also presenting grain growth image of the part. Experimental studies of the part in forming process and microstructure evolution were performed.
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Zhu, Jianan, Zhiming Yu, Liyan He, Xihua Cao, Hena Ji, and Xiuxian Song. "Mechanism by Which MC Controls Harmful Algal Blooms Revealed by Cell Morphology of Aureococcus anophagefferens." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 11191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of field experience, a bloom does not continue after treatment with modified clay (MC), even though the residual harmful algal bloom (HAB) biomass accounts for 20–30% of the initial cells. This interesting phenomenon indicates that, in addition to causing flocculation, MC can inhibit the growth of residual cells. Here, from a cell morphology perspective, Aureococcus anophagefferens was used as a model organism to explore this scientific issue and clarify the mechanism by which MC mitigates harmful algal blooms (HABs). The results showed that, at an ~70% removal efficiency, neutral clay (NC) could not effectively inhibit the growth of residual cells, although it caused various forms of damage to residual cells, such as cell deformation, cell breakage, decreased extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), increased cell membrane permeability, and increased cytoplasmic granularity, due to physical collisions. After modification, some physical and chemical properties of the clay particle surface were changed; for example, the surface electrical properties changed from negative to positive, lamellar spacing increased, hardness decreased, adhesion chains increased, adhesion improved, and the number of absorption sites increased, enhancing the occurrence of chemical and electrochemical effects and physical collisions with residual cells, leading to severe cell deformation and chemical cell breakage. Thus, MC effectively inhibited the growth of residual cells and controlled HABs.
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Kwiecień, Sławomir. "The influence of loading plate diameter on the results of trial load tests of dynamic replacement columns." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_05_01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dynamic replacement method of soil strengthening consists in the constructing columns made of aggregate of various granularity. In order to form them, heavy pounders (weighing from 10 to 20 tonnes) are dropped from the height of 25 m. Considering the specificity of this technique, it is quite important to verify on site the assumptions of the project, such as diameter and length of columns, their compaction or stiffness. For that reason, a number of examinations are performed, including column excavations, various types of probing tests or trial loads. The latter consists in determining the “load-settlement” dependence - usually during initial and secondary loadings phase – and on their basis, indicating the value of deformation modulus. Therefore, a stiff plate is placed on the column head and the loading is realised using actuators leaning on the ballast. The diameter of the loading plate depends on diameter and length of column and on the predicted pressure under the plate. The diameter of the loading plate is often smaller than column's diameter. This paper tries to determine the influence of the diameter of the plate used in test loads on the result of the research presented as “load-settlement” dependence and on the values of deformation modulus determined on their basis. The calculations were performed using FEM on a spatial numerical model calibrated on the basis of column's bearing capacity tests. Two models were applied in calculations: elastic-ideally plastic and isotropic hardening elastoplastic.
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Zhang, Yong Qing, Shi Zhong Ma, Yu Sun, and Jin Yan Zhang. "Sedimentary Characteristics of Fuyu Oil Layer in the Southern Fuxin Uplift of Songliao Basin." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on 22 well cores and logging data of nearly 800 well, sedimentary characteristics of Fuyu oil layer in the southern Fuxin uplift was analyzed. It is shown that types of sandstone in the Fuyu oil layer are main feldspathic litharenite, debris arkose and minor litharenite. Granularity probability curve is displayed as a typical of two-stage or three-stage. A large number of parallel bedding, one-way oblique bedding, small-scale cross bedding, the bottom scour structure and syngenetic deformation structure can be seen in the Fuyu oil layer. Mudstone color is main fuchsia, grey purple massive mudstone and gray-green, gray, dark gray massive mudstone. Combined with the analysis of the sedimentary facies sign, Fuyu oil layer in the southern Fuxin uplift is large fluvial-dominated shallow water delta deposition. The skeletal sand bodies in the delta system are distributary channelsand bodies that are large, dense, narrow strip, continuous distribution. The overall is south-southwest trending. Sand body is continuous and far underwater extension until it disappears into thin sandsheet. multi-branch fluvial-dominated ribbon-like bodies are formed.
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Kim, Sung-Hee, and Chanyoung Jeong. "Feasibility of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting the Deformation of Anodic Titanium Films by Modulating Anodization Processes." Materials 14, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of applying eight machine learning algorithms to predict the classification of the surface characteristics of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanostructures with different anodization processes. We produced a total of 100 samples, and we assessed changes in TiO2 nanostructures’ thicknesses by performing anodization. We successfully grew TiO2 films with different thicknesses by one-step anodization in ethylene glycol containing NH4F and H2O at applied voltage differences ranging from 10 V to 100 V at various anodization durations. We found that the thicknesses of TiO2 nanostructures are dependent on anodization voltages under time differences. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of applying machine learning algorithms to predict the deformation of TiO2. As the characteristics of TiO2 changed based on the different experimental conditions, we classified its surface pore structure into two categories and four groups. For the classification based on granularity, we assessed layer creation, roughness, pore creation, and pore height. We applied eight machine learning techniques to predict classification for binary and multiclass classification. For binary classification, random forest and gradient boosting algorithm had relatively high performance. However, all eight algorithms had scores higher than 0.93, which signifies high prediction on estimating the presence of pore. In contrast, decision tree and three ensemble methods had a relatively higher performance for multiclass classification, with an accuracy rate greater than 0.79. The weakest algorithm used was k-nearest neighbors for both binary and multiclass classifications. We believe that these results show that we can apply machine learning techniques to predict surface quality improvement, leading to smart manufacturing technology to better control color appearance, super-hydrophobicity, super-hydrophilicity or batter efficiency.
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Zhao, Bo, Yan Wu, Feng Jiao, G. F. Gao, and Xun Sheng Zhu. "Experimental Research on Surface Integrity of Ceramic Nanocomposites in Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The grain cutting trace of elliptical spiral in workpiece two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding(WTDUVG) is defined, the reason of machining accuracy improvement by applying two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is discussed. Adopting two-dimensional ultrasonic composite processing, the influences of grinding depth, worktable velocity, wheel granularity on the surface roughness of Al2O3/ZrO2 ceramic nanocomposites were described. Experimental results of AFM microstructure show that the material removal model in WTDUVG is dominated by ductile flow of material, some crystal refinement, the crush powder and grain pull-out are visible and there is almost no fracture. Furthermore, the surface roughness in WTDUVG with coarse grit is about 30 40% less than that in CG under identical grinding condition; the qualitative analysis of X-diffraction results indicated that the surface phases are composed of α-Al2O3, t-ZrO2 and small quality m-ZrO2, there are amorphous phase in the surface both with and without vibration grinding. M-zirconia phase transitions rule in vibration and conventional grinding was found. Under definitive grinding conditions, the material removal mechanism of inelastic deformation is the principal removal mechanism of Al2O3/ZrO2 ceramic nanocomposites, the grit size of diamond wheel and vibration grinding mode have important influence on material removal mechanism of ceramic nanocomposites.
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Gao, Zi-han, Han-jun Gao, Yi-du Zhang, Qiong Wu, Shu-guang Chen, and Xin Zhou. "Study on stress distribution of SiC/Al composites based on microstructure models with microns and nanoparticles." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1854–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The simulation model represents the microstructure that can accurately analyze and predict composites’ micro-stresses and mechanical properties. The conventional representative volume element (RVE) model can only contain one single-particle form. It makes that all the particles in the simulation model have the same shape, which is significantly different from actual particles. In the present study, four typical particle-modeling methods were adopted to establish geometric models to analyze the particle morphology and RVE size selection rules. Particles with the same granularity and similar volume were selected to generate RVE models with randomly distributed particles to predict the mechanical properties and analyze the micro-stress. The micro-stress distribution of the matrix and particles conformed to the rule of normal distribution, while the stress of the interphase does not conform to this law. The particle morphology has a negligible effect on the stress distribution of the matrix; however, it has a significant influence on the stress distribution of particles and interphases, especially during plastic deformation. Furthermore, the micro-stress of composites containing nanoparticles also conforms to the above law, but the stress of the interphase is more minor, and the stress of particles is more dispersed than composites with micron particles.
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Zhang, X. Q., Chong Yang Zhao, and Bao Yu Du. "The Machined Surface Residual Stress of Nano-Ceramics with Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface plastic deformation form and residual stress distribution of nano-ceramics machined by ordinary grinding and two-dimensional ultrasonic grinding respectively were investigated. The obtained results show that machined surface residual stress in the two grinding modes is extrusion stress, and it decreased with the increasing of grinding depth. But the decrease of residual stress under two-dimensional ultrasonic grinding is less than that under normal grinding. In addition, under the same grinding parameters, the surface residual stress on two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding is larger than that on ordinary grinding, and if other parameters unchanged, it is increased with the increase of wear particle granularity in the two grinding modes. It is produced by the reason that ductile regime of ceramic grinding become larger under ultrasonic grinding, so that material is still removed by plastic form at great depth. Plastic removal mode will produce greater surface extrusion stress, so with the increasing of grinding depth, the decreasing of residual stress under two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding is less than that under the normal grinding. At the same time, the regular separating between wear particle and work piece improves the heat emission condition, which is also one of the reasons that the surface residual stress under two-dimensional ultrasonic grinding is larger than that under ordinary grinding.
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Zhang, Jin. "Ground Disasters Visual Representation Based on Multi-Field Geospatial Infographics Spectra in Mining Area." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-430-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geospatial infographics spectra is a new cross research direction of cartographic theory. It combines the infographic representing geospatial information with the spectra recording spatial-temporal evolution to form geo-infographics spectra, which reflects the characteristics and dynamic changes of the object's morphological structure, mechanism, composition, and reveals the temporal and spatial variation law of regional geo-phenomena. Infographics can be a map in the form of spatial information. It also includes other graphical forms such as images, charts, curves and so on. Spectra is a system established by object characteristics or by time series. Geospatial infographics spectra has the dual characteristics of graphics and genealogy. It is a spatial-temporal composite analysis method that visually represents the spatial morphological structure and spatial-temporal changes of the earth system and its elements and phenomena through graphical thinking and abstract generalization of multi-field geo-digital information.</p><p>From geospatial morphological characteristics, spectrum characteristics, texture characteristics, topographic characteristics, deformation characteristics, structural characteristics, geological environment characteristics, mining characteristics, space-time characteristics, disaster chain characteristics and other dimensions to understand and perspective in depth for geo-disasters in mining areas, to achieve the location-morphology-attribute-semantics-structure-process-relationship of ground disaster based on geo-infographic spectra coupling representation, to construct the geo-disaster environment model expression based on surface functional zoning and geographical grids for mining areas. See Figure 1.</p><p>The spatial morphologies, structure, status, movement, subsidence, stress-strain, etc in the characteristic area of ground hazards is generalized as the basic field (the shape, structure, image information, topography of the hazard body). All the fields that affect the basic field are called effecting field (deformation field, geological structure field, geophysical field, stress field, surface cover field, rainfall field, temperature field, seepage field, soil chemical field, electromagnetic field, etc.). The third is coupled fields, that is scalar or vector fields formed by the coupling of the basic and effecting field (coupling of deformation field and topographic field, deformation field and seepage field, etc.). Based on the 3D mine field model and multi-field information such as basic field, effecting field and coupling field, first we can analyse the time series development stages of stable, oscillating, multi-step, catastrophic, trend-type disasters and then quantitatively segment, partition the types of deformation curves such as V-type, B-type, D-type, R-type pendulum-type and finally set index, discovery pattern and generate geospatial infographics spectra. See Figure 2 and Figure 3.</p><p>A multi-dimensional features-based ground disaster data perception model integrating time, space, semantics and relationships is constructed to realize multi-field information and multi-granularity parsing and location-based information aggregation in disaster feature area. The automatic location information discovery and matching, location semantics association and spatial behaviour inference are accomplished. The spatial behaviour inference under different location semantics is supported to reveal coal mining. It provides precise information support for the impact of the surface and the mechanism of dynamic change. See Figure 3.</p>
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Jiang, Haonan, Timo Balz, Francesca Cigna, and Deodato Tapete. "Land Subsidence in Wuhan Revealed Using a Non-Linear PSInSAR Approach with Long Time Series of COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wuhan is an important city in central China, with a rapid development that has led to increasingly serious land subsidence over the last decades. Most of the existing Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) subsidence monitoring studies in Wuhan are either short-term investigations—and thus can only detect this process within limited time periods—or combinations of different Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets with temporal gaps in between. To overcome these constraints, we exploited nearly 300 high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed StripMap HIMAGE scenes acquired between 2012 and 2019 to monitor the long-term subsidence process affecting Wuhan and to reveal its spatiotemporal variations. The results from the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PSInSAR) processing highlight several clearly observable subsidence zones. Three of them (i.e., Houhu, Xinrong, and Guanggu) are affected by serious subsidence rates and non-linear temporal behavior, and are investigated in this paper in more detail. The subsidence in Houhu is caused by soft soil consolidation and compression. Soil mechanics are therefore used to estimate when the subsidence is expected to finish and to calculate the degree of consolidation for each year. The COSMO-SkyMed PSInSAR results indicate that the area has entered the late stage of consolidation and compression and is gradually stabilizing. The subsidence curve found for the area around Xinrong shows that the construction of an underground tract of the subway Line 21 caused large-scale settlement in this area. The temporal granularity of the PSInSAR time series also allows precise detection of a rebound phase following a major flooding event in 2016. In the southern industrial park of Guanggu, newly detected subsidence was found. The combination of the subsidence curve with an optical time-series image analysis indicates that urban construction is the main trigger of deformation in this area. While this study unveils previously unknown characters of land subsidence in Wuhan and clarifies the relationship with the urban causative factors, it also proves the benefits of non-linear PSInSAR in the analysis of the temporal evolution of such processes in dynamic and expanding cities.
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Brown, Michael. "The mechanism of melt extraction from lower continental crust of orogens." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 95, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTMelt extraction is a process with a length scale that spans many orders of magnitude. Studies of residual migmatites and granulites suggest that melt has migrated from grain boundaries to networks of leucosome-filled structures to steeply inclined cylindrical or tabular granites inferred to have infilled ascent conduits. For example, in anatectic rocks from southern Brittany, France, during decompression-induced biotite-breakdown melting, melt is inferred to have been expressed from foliation-parallel structures analogous to compaction bands to dilation and shear bands, based on location of residual leucosome, and from this network of structures to ascent conduits, preserved as dykes of granite. The leucosome-filled deformation band network is elongated parallel to a sub-horizontal lineation, suggesting that mesoscale melt flow was focused primarily in the plane of the foliation along the lineation to developing dilatant transverse structures. The leucosome network connects with petrographic continuity to granite in dykes; however, the orientation of dykes discordant to fabric anisotropy suggests that their formation was controlled by stress, which indicates that the process is a fracture phenomenon. Blunt fracture tips and zigzag propagation paths indicate that the dykes represent ductile opening-mode fractures; these are postulated to have formed by coalescence of melt pockets. The structures record a transition from accumulation to draining; quantitative volume fluxes are calculated and presented for the generalised extraction process. The anatectic system may have converged to a critical state at some combination of melt fraction and melt distribution that enabled formation of ductile opening-mode fractures, but fractal distribution of inferred mesoscale melt-filled structures has not been demonstrated; this may reflect the inherent anisotropy and/or residual nature of the drained source. Melt extraction has been modelled as a self-organised critical phenomenon, but the mechanism of extraction is not described and the relationship between these models and the spatial and temporal granularity of lower continental crust is not addressed. Self-organised critical phenomena are driven systems involving ‘avalanches’ with a fractal frequency-size distribution; thus, the distribution of melt batch sizes might be expected to be fractal, but this has not yet been demonstrated in nature.
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Kenik, Edward A. "Segregation to Boundaries in an Antimony-Containing Stainless Steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100118187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mechanical strength and local chemical properties of alloys are often determined by the presence of grain boundaries in the material. Degradation of these properties is often associated with segregation of arsenic, phosphorus, and other elements to the boundaries. Though Auger spectroscopy is often employed to study the segregation, some alloys cannot be fractured inter- granularly in situ and thus cannot be studied in this fashion. Such is the case for a 16 at. % Cr, 14 at. % Ni stainless steel containing ∼0.46 at. % Sb. Relative to the antimony-free material, the presence of antimony results in a threefold decrease in the fracture elongation and a threefold increase in the density of intergranular cracks formed during creep deformation.
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McCarthy, R. A., and M. M. Burger. "In vivo embryonic expression of laminin and its involvement in cell shape change in the sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis." Development 101, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.101.4.659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Laminin, a component of the embryonic sea urchin basal lamina, is recognized by monoclonal antibody BL1 (Mab BL1). Our results demonstrate that laminin is secreted into the blastcoel at the early blastula stage at a time when the blastomeres undergo a cell shape change and are organized into an epithelium. Laminin is present on the basal surfaces of ectodermal cells and is absent or reduced on migrating primary mesenchyme cells. Microinjection of a monoclonal antibody directed against laminin induces a morphological change in cell shape and a deformation of the embryonic epithelium. Investigation of selected stages of live embryos suggests that the distribution of laminin may be heterogeneous within the basal lamina during early development. The results implicate laminin as a mediator of cell shape change during early morphogenesis.
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Li, Xiaoshi, Yiwen Ju, Yu Song, Zhifeng Yan, and Qiangguang Li. "Particle Size and Internal Structure of Deformed Coal: Microstructure and Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics of CO2 and CH4." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (May 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.876196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Structural deformation has a very important effect on the particle size and adsorption/desorption properties of coal, which is widely distributed in China, but there are few studies in this area. The effects of particle size and internal structure on the pores and adsorption properties of deformed coal were studied, and the influence of structural deformation was analyzed. Eight undeformed and deformed coal samples were progressively crushed from 0.12 to 0.15 mm (100–120 mesh), 0.18–0.25 mm (60–80 mesh), and 0.42–0.84 mm (20–40 mesh), and subsequently, adsorption/desorption characteristics of CO2 and CH4 and pore structure analyses were performed on all the grain size fractions. The coal size fraction has a slightly smaller influence on CO2 adsorption than on CH4 adsorption. Deformation can promote gas desorption, which increases as the deformation increases. Moreover, deformation can reduce the effect of granularity and internal structure on gas adsorption capacities. The 60–80 mesh is suggested to be the optimal size for deformed coal to achieve the ideal adsorption/desorption effect without eliminating the influence of structural deformation. However, below 100–120 mesh is recommended to reduce the impact of structural deformation on data processing and analysis when the sample contains both deformed and undeformed coals.