Дисертації з теми "Grande tour"
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1
Gimbal, Julie. "L’architecture de grande hauteur à Paris (1893-1973) : débats et hypothèses autour d’une spécificité française." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL152.
Анотація:
L’architecture de grande hauteur appelle un ensemble de mythologies urbaines et de constructions historiques qui, indéfiniment, valorisent sa charge symbolique ou débattent de sa définition, de son lieu de naissance et de sa place dans le cours de la modernité. Le gratte-ciel, la tour sont des objets de fascination souvent pris dans la trame de grands récits qui, en relevant les manifestations les plus éclatantes, omettent les traces mineures qui sont autant d’écho fondamentaux de l’émission et de la réception de l’architecture, susceptibles de rééquilibrer les discours. Grâce à un large corpus d’œuvres et de sources, ce travail de recherche a l’ambition de comprendre la situation idéologique et urbaine de l’architecture de grande hauteur à Paris, de son émergence dans l’opinion française en 1893 (exposition internationale de Chicago) à sa condamnation au début des années 1970, sous l’action de critères convergents : la circulaire du 21 mars 1973 d’Olivier Guichard (Tours et barres) et l’arrêt des tours proclamé un an plus tard par le président de la République Valéry Giscard d’EstaingHigh-rise architecture raises a whole set of urban mythologies and historical constructions that, indefinitely, value its symbolic dimensions or debate its definition, its place of birth and its place in modern times. The skyscraper, the tower are objects of fascination often taken in the frame of great narratives which, by noting the most striking manifestations, omit the minor traces which are so fundamental echoes of the emission and the reception of architecture, likely to rebalance the speeches. Thanks to a large body of works and sources, this research project aims to understand the ideological and urban situation of high-rise architecture in Paris, its emergence in the French opinion in 1893 (World Fair of Chicago) to its condemnation in the early 1970s, under the action of convergent criteria: Olivier Guichard's Circular of March 21, 1973 (Tours and Barres) and the stop of the towers proclaimed a year later by the president of the Republic Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
2
Tomazzoni, Edegar Luís. "Turismo e desenvolvimento regional: modelo APL TUR aplicado à região das Hortênsias (Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27148/tde-11052009-111001/.
Анотація:
Pesquisa descritivo-explicativa e exploratória sobre a relação entre Turismo e desenvolvimento regional que apresenta o modelo de análise APL Tur, elaborado com base em elementos de referenciais teóricos de economia, geografia, sociologia, administração, comunicação, antropologia e Turismo. O objetivo é mostrar se é possível realizar o desenvolvimento regional por meio do Turismo. Uma região é um contexto territorial delimitado por critérios geográficos, econômicos e políticos. Um dos modelos da análise e gestão do desenvolvimento regional é o Arranjo Produtivo Local APL, uma categoria especial de cluster. Em razão das limitações do APL, elabora-se o modelo particular de análise APL Tur Arranjo Produtivo Local de Turismo. O modelo APL Tur estrutura-se nas dimensões econômica, cultural e organizacional. Os elementos do desenvolvimento regional na dimensão econômica são: delimitação espacial; disparidades intra-regionais; externalidades; sustentabilidade ambiental; e inclusão social. Os elementos do Turismo circunscritos na dimensão econômica são: oferta e demanda; desempenho; priorização; exportação; circuito produtivo; interatividade extra-regional; e acessibilidade. Na dimensão cultural, destacam-se: aspectos históricos; acervos e incentivos; estética; produtos e atrativos; animação; e motivação e satisfação da comunidade. Na dimensão organizacional, têm-se os elementos: poder e capital social; gestão sistêmica; divulgação e imagem; mercadologia e comercialização; planejamento; empreendedorismo e inovação; e conhecimento. Realizou-se o teste do modelo APL Tur, aplicando-o à Região das Hortênsias (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), formada pelos municípios de Gramado, Canela, Nova Petrópolis e São Francisco de Paula. Com base no quadro de indicadores dos elementos das dimensões do modelo APL Tur, verifica-se que o Turismo contribui para o desenvolvimento regional, pois proporciona o ingresso, produção e distribuição de riquezas. Para que uma região se desenvolva economicamente por meio do Turismo, é preciso, entretanto, uma gestão adequada das dimensões e elementos do APL Tur, visando à realização dos seus indicadores. O modelo APL Tur é um instrumento adequado para diagnosticar e para identificar oportunidades de melhoria da atividade turística como polarizadora ou como alternativa do desenvolvimento regional.This is a descriptive-explanatory and exploratory research about the relationship between Tourism and regional development that presents the LPS Tour analysis model and that was worked out taking its basis elements of theoretical references from economics, geography, sociology, administration, communication, anthropology and Tourism. The objective is to show if it is possible to accomplish regional development through Tourism. A region is a territorial context delimitated by geographical, economic, and political criteria. It is taken into consideration that the general model of Local Productive System of Tourism LPS, a especific cathegory of cluster, has limitations to the analysis and management of Tourism. For this reason, the LPS Tour Local Productive System of Tourism - particular model of analysis - is developed. The LPS model is structured in the economic, cultural, and organizational dimensions. The regional development elements in the economic dimension are: spatial delimitation; intra-regional dissimilarities; externalities; environmental sustainability; and social inclusion. The Tourism elements circumscribed in the economic dimension are: supply and demand; performance; prioritization; exportation; productive circuit; extra-regional interactivity; and accessibility. In the cultural dimension, the elements that stand out are: historical aspects; collections and incentives; esthetics; products and attractions; animation; and motivation and satisfaction of the community. In the organizational dimension, we have the following elements: power and stock capital; systemic management; divulgation and image; marketing and commercialization; planning; entrepreneurship and innovation; and knowledge. The test of the LPS Tour model was performed applying it to the Região das Hortênsias (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) (The Hydrangeas Region), that is formed by the municipal districts of Gramado, Canela, Nova Petrópolis, and São Francisco de Paula. Based on the panel of indicators of the dimensions elements of the LPS Tour model, it is possible to verify that Tourism contributes to the regional development because it accomplishes the ingression, production and distribution of richness. However, for a region to develop economically through Tourism, an adequate management of its dimensions and elements is necessary, aiming at the accomplishment of the LPS Tour indicators. The LPS Tour model is an adequate instrument to diagnose and to identify opportunities of improvement of the tourist activity, as a polarizer or as an alternative to regional development.
3
Tavolara, Gabriela. "Sistemas de avaliação e produto turístico: um estudo exploratório-descritivo nas operadoras turísticas do município de Porto Alegre." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2006. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/191.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste estudo consiste em diagnosticar a contribuição do sistema de qualidade das operadoras turísticas na produção e distribuição de seus produtos turísticos no Município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Por meio da identificação dos sistemas de qualidade utilizados e suas categorias e/ou subcategorias de análise, visa-se conhecer a relação entre o desenvolvimento dos produtos turísticos e os seus sistemas de qualidade. Para isto, foi realizada inicialmente a ampliação do referencial teórico nas áreas da qualidade, planejamento e gestão de serviços para a identificação das variáveis organizacionais e mercadológicas. Posteriormente, uma pesquisa de campo identificou os sistemas de avaliação da qualidade utilizados pelas operadoras selecionadas. Esta dissertação está dividida em 7 capítulos, onde serão tratados aspectos relacionados: a) ao planejamento e estratégia em seus vários níveis, focando o planejamento corporativo das operadoras turísticas; b) a qualidade, seu conceito, sua relação com os serviços e com o turismo; e c) a elaboração e monitoração do produto turístico, por meio da descrição dos processos de desenvolvimento de produto e dos processos avaliativos e seus indicadores de qualidade. Entende-se que os sistemas de avaliação de qualidade existentes nas operadoras turísticas de Porto Alegre devem estar voltados aos conceitos de qualidade em relação à adequação do produto ao uso desde o momento de seu projeto, visando satisfazer: (a) às necessidades do cliente interno e final; (b) às rotinas internas e a padronização de alguns processos do serviço; e (c) à cultura organizacional flexível e à comunicação interna clara e acessível a toda a organização. Todos esses elementos direcionados a critérios de qualidade previamente definidos podem determinar a diminuição do hiato entre a aquisição do produto/serviço esperado e o obtido. A partir dos resultados, identificou-se que o entendimento sobre qualidade é superior às ações de controle e realinhamento no desenvolvimento e distribuição do produto turístico elaborado pelas operadoras de Porto Alegre. Uma possível interpretação para o resultado encontrado é que os mecanismos de aferição de qualidade utilizados pelas operadoras turísticas estudadas não são adequados para representar o comportamento da realidade ou que os gestores são otimistas quando avaliam o resultado de seus esforços na direção da construção da qualidade dos produtos oferecidos. Concluiu-se, portanto, que "o que é percebido é maior do que o que é realizado". Existe a necessidade do aprimoramento e do planejamento de ferramentas de controle eficazes, capazes de efetuar uma análise mais aprofundada dos critérios a serem alcançados pelas operadoras na satisfação de seus clientes.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T17:20:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriela Tavolara.pdf: 3119916 bytes, checksum: 752174a713d938705cb758d8461d9030 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T17:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gabriela Tavolara.pdf: 3119916 bytes, checksum: 752174a713d938705cb758d8461d9030 (MD5)
The objective of this work consists in diagnosing the contribution of the quality systems in tour operators in the production and distribution of tourist products in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. A the identification of quality systems and its categories and subcategories of analysis, will be made to verify the relationship between tourist products development and its quality systems. For that, initially it was made a theoretical revision in quality, planning and service s management to survey necessary data to identify marketing and corporate variable. Afterwards, a field research identify the quality control system used by tour operators in Porto Alegre.The study is divided in seven chapters concerning: a) strategy and planning; b) quality, its concept, relation to services and tourism; and c) development and monitoration, tourist product process description of development, assessment and its quality indicators. It is understood that tour operator s quality systems must be focused on quality concepts in adequacyto the use since the project to satisfy: a) the final and internal consumer; b) internal routines and the standardization of some processes of the service; and c) to the flexible organizacional culture and the clear and accessible internal communication to the whole organization. All these elements directed to the criteria of quality previously defined can determine the reduction of the difference between the acquisition of the expected product/service and the obtained one.From the results it was identified that the agreement on quality is superior to the actions of control and lining up process in the development and distribution of the tourist product elaborated by the operators of Porto Alegre. A possibility of interpretation of this result is that the behavior of the reality it was not being represented adequately for the mechanisms of quality control used by the studied tourist operators. Another interpretation mentions optimistical analysis to it of the managers in the evaluation of the result of its efforts in direction of the construction of the offered product quality. One concluded, therefore, that "what it is perceived is bigger of the one than what it is carried through".
4
Bouffard-Gagné, Julie. "Le Grand Tour." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67930.
Анотація:
Autrefois, faire Le Grand Tour signifiait de s'embarquer dans un long pèlerinage culturel à travers le continent européen. Ce voyage constituait un rite de passage pour tout jeunes bourgeois voulant élever ses centres d'intérêt et s'imprégner des bases de la société occidentale. Ironiquement, c'est aussi le nom donné à ce texte et à l'exposition qu'il l'accompagne puisqu'il a - comme Le Grand Tour - l'ambition de faire du voyage un prétexte à l'éducation. L'objectif n'est pas de faire du Grand Tour une thématique, mais d'y voir une amorce à la réflexion. Le voyage prend donc dans ce mémoire une vocation allégorique qui se décline à travers différents temps, différents lieux et différentes matérialités de l'image. Si l'exposition constitue la manifestation physique d'un parcours fictif, ce texte ci-présent cherche plutôt à en retracer l'itinéraire. Il s'attarde d'abord au caractère a-hiérarchique de la photographie, à la décomposition de l'image vidéographique et à l'appropriation des images que l'on retrouve sur le web. Il tisse ensuite des liens entre le regard, le récit, la narration et le déplacement. Finalement, il s'intéresse aux modes d'organisation par lesquels se regroupent les images dans ma pratique, c'est-à-dire, par la mise en espace et par le livre.
5
Towner, John. "The European Grand Tour." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558170.
Анотація:
This thesis is intended to be a contribution to the history of tourism. It examines the Grand Tour from the perspective of tourism studies. The primary source material was a sample of Grand Tour diaries and journals and a range of contemporary guidebooks and periodicals. A series of historical time divisions was taken and the tour itineraries in each division were mapped. Secondary source material provided information on the social, cultural, economic and technological background to the tour. The research method was directed towards the five main elements of the tourist system: the tourists, the generating region, the transit routes, the destination region and the tourist industry. Key questions posed centred on the origins, development and decline of the tour, the tourists, spatial and temporal aspects, cultural tastes and the tourist industry. The scope of the investigation was constrained by a definition of the Grand Tour as a distinct circuit of Europe not exclusive to one social class. The main findings of the research are: 1. It is suggested that the origins of the Grand Tour can be traced to the I sixteenth century, when there was an interaction between the spread of the ideals of Renaissance humanism from Europe and an increase in social mobility within English society. 2. Distinct spatial and temporal patterns in touring were established by the early seventeenth century and many of them persisted until the early nineteenth century when the tour. evolved into a summer excursion abroad. 3. In the later eighteenth century there was a shift from the landed classes to the middle classes as the dominant group on the tour. Many aspects of the tour.were affected by this change. 4. From the 1760's there was a change in the cultural tastes of the tourists towards a general interest in scenic tourism. 5. The Grand Tourists used an extensive but informally organised range of services. These services became more formalised in the 1820's and 1830's, suggesting that this period marked an important transition in the development of the modern tourist industry.
6
James, Courtni Elizabeth. "Grand tour portraits of women." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1142015848.
7
Bernot, Marine. "Ford Madox Ford (1873-1939) en quête d'identité : chroniques et vagabondages impressionnistes." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL3001.
Анотація:
Madox Ford est une des grandes figures, non seulement de la littérature d’expressionanglaise, mais de la vie culturelle et artistique d’Europe occidentale dans le premier tiersdu XXe siècle. Il est très lié à Henry James et à Conrad (avec qui il écrit trois romans),joue un rôle de premier plan comme éditeur et contribue au développement del’impressionnisme littéraire et à l’instauration du « modernisme ». Cosmopolite par sesantécédents (anglais, allemand, français), grand voyageur partagé entre l’Angleterre, lesEtats-Unis et la France (surtout la Provence, sa terre d’élection et Toulon), Ford estl’auteur d’une oeuvre considérable qui compte plus de 80 ouvrages. Marine Bernot achoisi d’analyser plus particulièrement une dizaine de récits de souvenirs de toutes sorteset deux récits de voyage qu’il publie de 1904 à 1937. On y découvre toute une époque, unécrivain original et une personnalité d’une rare complexité – politiquement avancé,féministe et libertaire, écologiste avant la lettre, quelque peu visionnaire, un homme quiparle aux gens d’aujourd’huiFord Madox Ford is one of the most important figures, not only of English literature butof the Western European cultural and artistic world of the twentieth century. Closelyconnected with Henry James and Joseph Conrad (with whom he wrote three novels incollaboration), Ford played a vital role as editor, contributor to literary impression and aspioneer of “modernism”. Cosmopolitan by birth (English, German, French), this tirelessvoyager, torn between England, the United States and France (especially Provence, hischosen domain and Toulon), Ford is the author of a voluminous sum of publicationsmade up of more than 80 books and other items. The author of this thesis, Marine Bernot,has chosen to concentrate on a dozen or so memoirs covering the years going from 1904to 1937, focusing particularly on two travel ‘novels’, Provence and The Great TradeRoute. These works, which give an original insight into the first half of the twentiethcentury, introduce the reader to an original and complex personality – politicallyadvanced, feminist, non-conformist, ecologist ahead of his times, visionary –, a man inharmony with contemporary preoccupations
8
Vicente, Filipa. "The Grand Tour of nineteenth-century prince : travels, classification, displays." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393669.
Анотація:
In this thesis I analyse the travels of D. Pedro V, King of Portugal (1837-1861) from the prism of a 19th century visual culture. His travel diaries mirror the inseparability of image and word in a century that was so eager to fill the encyclopaedia entries with visual examples. Before acceding to the throne, the young prince undertook two Grand Tours in Europe. The first one, in 1854, found him in England most of the time, while his second tour, in 1855, had France and the Exposition Universelle, held in Paris, as its major destiny. This event well illustrates what his interests were: the sight of objects from all over the world was made possible; contemporary ideas of instruction through amusement, progress and civilisation were experienced; technologies of display from other institutions were employed; an all-encompassing visual experience, in a reduced space and in a limited amount of time was provided - while also needing the written word to make sense of the visible. All these aspects are intrinsic to the journeys of a prince who had instruction as his main objective. However, even if inscribed in the traditional educational aims of the Grand Tour model, these travels have many different ways of achieving them. D. Pedro is mostly interested in the urban centres of those countries where the future was already visible. Be it through industrial and engineering developments or railways, be it in the many public spaces of exhibition created by the 19th century to classify and display the world. If collections are a major part of his travelling programme, collecting is the word that better describes its aims: collecting sights and knowledge; collecting the journeys through writing them; and collecting by acquiring natural history specimens for his museum. Abroad was to be taken Home.
9
Haynes, Clare. "Pictures and Popery : religious art in England c. 1680-c. 1760." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365024.
Анотація:
During the first half of the `long' eighteenth century the English were, as a nation, vehemently anti-Catholic, yet the art that was most admired, collected and talked about, was Catholic in origin and subject matter (pictures showing the intercession of saints or the figure of God, for example). Such art might have been rejected by English collectors, certainly idolatry was chief among the heresies ascribed to the Papists, but the belief in the supremacy of Italian art was long-standing and tenacious in pan-European culture. The thesis demonstrates that rather than rejecting it, elaborate strategies were developed which allowed the cultural and social value of ownership and knowledge of this canonical art to accrue, whilst managing its potentially troubling content. For example, the royal ownership of the Raphael Cartoons (c. 1514) was a matter of increasing national pride during this period, which is surprising at first sight, given their provenance and their celebration of the apostolic succession of the Papacy from SS Peter and Paul. These meanings were not expunged from the Cartoons by English commentators, instead means were found to transpose them into a Protestant register and to maintain Raphael's reputation as the great universal artist. Each chapter of the thesis offers a different mode of address to the central theme, exploring, for example, the encounters grand tourists had with canonical art in Catholic churches in Rome and the ways in which the Catholic meanings of pictures were managed in a collection. In another chapter I explore how art was used and discussed within the Church of England. It has become clear that the Catholic associations of art did present a historically-significant political challenge to English connoisseurs and that, for example, new histories and theories of art, modified from their continental models, were developed to facilitate its acceptance. In addition, by paying careful attention to the ways in which issues of class, nationhood and culture were managed in relation to this problem, insights into the complex nature of anti-Catholicism in England have been gained.
10
Leon, Radu <1971>. "Shapes of souvenir : Venetian views: English recollections of the Grand Tour." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12885.
Анотація:
An enquiry into the conception and making of 18th-century Venetian cityscapes collected as souvenirs by English travellers during the Grand Tour. These drawings and paintings are analysed as memorials of their authors’ pictorial practice, rather than as ‘finished’ pieces, in order to allow possible patterns of thought to emerge and to verify coincidences and differences with extant critical interpretations of these artworks seen in a historical context. This exploration of visual remembrance in relation to Venetian topography intends to shift the focus from consumption to the production of mnemonic cityscapes, while it considers repercussions in polity and the economy. Practices of contemporary English landscape painters are compared and contrasted to corroborate the visual analysis of Venetian pictorial souvenirs.
11
Evanshen, Pamela, and Mary Myron. "Walking Tour of ETSU University School Kindergarten Through 4th Grade Learning Environments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4385.
12
Evanshen, Pamela, and Mary Myron. "Walking Tour of ETSU University School Kindergarten Through 4th Grade Learning Environments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4388.
13
Evanshen, Pamela, and Mary Myron. "Walking Tour of ETSU University School Kindergarten Through 4th Grade Learning Environments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4382.
14
MARTIGNAGO, KATIA. "Disegni di architettura dal Grand Tour. La collezione di John Stuart, III conte di Bute." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/306020.
Анотація:
Sebbene molti aspetti del Grand Tour siano stati ampiamente indagati, il mercato dei disegni d’architettura ad esso legato, e più in generale del Settecento, resta ancora da approfondire. L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato quindi quello di indagare quali prodotti, tra i disegni di architettura, fossero disponibili al viaggiatore, per lo più straniero, giunto in Italia e i loro meccanismi di produzione e commercio.
Il caso studio prescelto è stata la collezione di John Stuart, III conte di Bute. Questi, mentore e primo ministro di Giorgio III, tra la fine del 1768 e l’aprile del 1771 trascorse due soggiorni in Italia, durante i quali mise insieme una grande raccolta di disegni di architettura. I disegni si conservano dal 2001 al Victoria & Albert Museum di Londra in quindici album comprendenti 688 fogli raffiguranti architetture italiane. La tesi, oltre a fornire un catalogo dei disegni in gran parte inediti, studia la collezione con uno sguardo d’insieme, considerandola come un prodotto culturale unitario, indipendentemente dal valore del singolo foglio in quanto documento più o meno attendibile per lo studio delle vicende dell’edificio che rappresentano. L’ampiezza e la varietà che caratterizzano la collezione di Lord Bute hanno così permesso di ottenere uno sguardo sulla produzione e sul mercato di questa tipologia di materiale grafico in diverse aree d’Italia nella seconda metà del Settecento. Ne emerge un panorama variegato in cui era possibile acquistare sia disegni prodotti serialmente, e quindi più volte ricopiati, che disegni eseguiti su richiesta del committente. A eseguirli erano architetti che in molti casi legarono la propria carriera non al campo dell’ars aedificatoria, ma a quello della grafica, spesso connesso all’editoria. Il tramite tra questi professionisti e gli acquirenti erano per lo più ciceroni o altre figure preposte all’accoglienza degli stranieri in Italia, come i rappresentanti diplomatici. Si tratta per lo più di rappresentazione non precise, che fungevano piuttosto da ricordo - souvernir- idealizzato delle architetture visitate in Italia. Il loro prezzo era maggiore rispetto a quello delle incisioni prodotte per lo stesso mercato, ma nonostante ciò ad acquistarli, seppur in numero diverso, erano tutte le classi sociali che intraprendevano il Grand Tour: artisti, membri della classe media e aristocratici. I britannici -che erano i viaggiatori più numerosi- erano i destinatari privilegiati di questa produzione, come testimoniano iscrizioni e unità di misura espresse in lingua inglese presenti sui disegni. Infatti, seppur la collezione di Lord Bute spicchi per la sua ampiezza e ricchezza di materiale, altri suoi connazionali assemblarono analoghi musei cartacei per testimoniare l’arte e l’architettura italiane.
15
Herig, Coimbra Pedro Henrique. "A whirlwind journey of wavelet turbulent flux mapping : estimation of spatialized turbulent flux on tall towers and its uncertainties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04637523.
Анотація:
Le climat et l'activité humaine sont étroitement liés. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) impactent la dynamique climatique et la qualité de l'air, affectant des millions de personnes dans le monde. La surveillance efficace des GES est essentielle pour des décisions politiques éclairées, mais elle est complexe en raison de la variabilité des sources et puits, ainsi que du transport atmosphérique. Les réseaux de surveillance abordent cette variabilité en déployant des capteurs dans des lieux géographiques divers, échantillonnant en continu sur le temps.Les zones urbaines sont des points d'émission clés. Cependant, directement surveiller les changements de GES sur > 5 km2 avec des sources variées et des zones végétalisées manque d'une méthode standard. La méthode de covariance turbulente (eddy covariance, EC) offre une surveillance directe et continue du flux net de GES. L'EC basée sur les ondelettes fonctionne sur les mêmes principes mais ne nécessite pas de stationnarité, laissant plus de données exploitables pour l'analyse, ce qui est particulièrement bénéfique dans les environnements urbains complexes.Démêler les composantes anthropiques et biogéniques d'un flux net de CO2 est reconnu comme un problème clé à résoudre dans les zones urbanisées. Les modèles écosystémiques conventionnels utilisés pour partitionner la productivité primaire brute (GPP) et la respiration de l'écosystème (Reco) ne sont pas appropriés pour les zones urbanisées. La partition directe en utilisant des corrélations haute fréquence entre les gaz traceurs peut aider à surmonter les limitations des méthodes de partitionnement standard.Bien que l'EC reste la norme pour les études locales, l'estimation des flux de surface à plus grande échelle implique souvent d'assimiler des mesures de concentration de fond à des estimations antérieures à l'aide de modèles de transport. Les méthodes d'inversion utilisant les données de flux de tour sont encore rares et il serait intéressant de les tester dans les zones urbanisées.L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer l'EC basée sur les ondelettes combinée à des méthodes d'inversion bayésiennes pour la cartographie des flux de CO2. Au cours de la thèse, j'ai découvert une nouvelle méthode de partitionnement direct qui a été utilisée pour améliorer l'inversion globale dans la zone suburbaine du plateau de Saclay.Dans le premier article de la thèse, nous avons proposé la nouvelle méthode de partitionnement direct basée sur l'analyse en quadrants des flux décomposés en fréquence de CO2 et de vapeur d'eau. Nous avons montré que cette méthode pouvait fournir des estimations impartiales de GPP et Reco. Nous avons également constaté que l'EC basée sur les ondelettes a gardé jusqu'à ~30% plus des données exploitables.Dans le deuxième article, nous avons utilisé une grande tour équipée d'analyseurs à haute précision mais lents. Malgré des fréquences d'acquisition plus lentes, l'atténuation était limitée à ~20 % par une plus faible contribution de hautes fréquences à cette hauteur. Les résultats encouragent une collaboration entre les réseaux atmosphériques et écosystémiques.Dans le troisième article, nous avons combiné la méthode de partitionnement proposée dans le premier article avec les instruments d'une tour atmosphérique du deuxième article. Le flux de CO2 partionné en biogéniques et anthropiques ont été assimilé dans des estimations spatialisées des flux à quelques km2. Les cartes de flux obtenues offrent l'avantage de reposer sur des mesures de flux directes à l'échelle du paysage et peuvent être utilisées pour informer les inversions à grande échelle à des échelles plus larges.Les résultats centrés sur la région parisienne fournissent des bases pour les mesures de flux à l'échelle du paysage et à definir des stratégies de surveillance des émissions. Ces avancées contribuent à la compréhension et à la résolution des défis environnementaux aux échelles temporelles et spatiales où les décisions sont prisesClimate and human activity are closely linked. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions impact climate dynamics and air quality, affecting millions globally. Effective GHG monitoring is essential for informed policy decisions, yet it is complex due to spatial and temporal variability of sources and sinks, and atmospheric transport. Monitoring networks address this variability by deploying sensors across diverse geographic locations sampling continuously over time.Urban areas are key emission points, driving climate change. However, monitoring direct GHG changes over >5 km2 with varied sources and vegetated areas lacks a standard method. Eddy Covariance (EC) offers direct, continuous GHG net flux monitoring. Wavelet-based EC operates on the same principles as the standard method but calculates covariance using frequency decomposed time series. This approach does not require stationarity, leaving more data available for analysis, particularly beneficial in complex urban environments where non-stationary fluxes are common.Disentangling anthropogenic and biogenic components of a net CO2 flux is recognised as a key issue yet to be resolved in urbanised areas. Conventional ecosystem models used to partition gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) are not appropriate for urbanised areas. Direct partitioning using high-frequency correlations between tracer gases may help overcoming the limitations of standard partitioning methods.While Eddy Covariance remains standard for local studies, estimating larger-scale surface fluxes often involves assimilating background concentration measurements to prior estimations using transport models. The progress in satellite imagery and detailed inventories provides a new basis that helps improve these methods. However, inversion methods using tower flux data are still sparse and would be interesting to test in urbanised areas.The objective of this PhD was to evaluate wavelet-based EC combined with Bayesian inversion methods for CO2 flux mapping. During the course of the PhD I discovered a new direct partitioning method that was used with a combination of CH4 and CO to improve the overall inversion in the suburban area of the Saclay plateau.In the first paper of the PhD, we hypothesised that decomposing concentration and wind signals by frequency can capture individual gusts within each frequency, typically mixed in the original signal. We leveraged this feature to propose a new parameter-free direct partitioning method based on quadrant analysis of CO2 and water vapour frequency decomposed fluxes. We showed that this method could indeed provide unbiased estimates of GPP and Reco at a crop and a forest ecosystem site near Paris. We also found that wavelet eddy covariance further saved up to 30% of the non-stationary data in these sites.In the second paper, we proposed using tall towers equipped with high-precision but slow analysers for measuring fluxes. Despite slower acquisition frequencies, attenuation was limited to 20 % by a lower contribution of high frequencies at this height. Results encourage further collaboration between atmospheric and ecosystem networks for in-situ measurements.In the third paper, we combined the partitioning method proposed in the first paper with the flux from the second paper, including now more gases measured to partition CO2 fluxes in biogenic and anthropogenic components and assimilate them in previous spatially-explicit estimations of fluxes at few km2. The obtained flux maps offer the advantage of relying on direct flux measurements at the landscape scale and may be used to informing large-scale inversions at broader scales.Results focused on the Parisian region provide valuable insights for flux measurements at the landscape scale and beyond, and contributing to emission monitoring strategies. These advancements contribute to understanding and addressing environmental challenges at the temporal and spatial scales where decisions are made
16
Heath, Ekaterina. "The Realm of Dobrada: The Legacies of Maria Fedorovna's Grand Tour in Pavlovsk Park." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18130.
Анотація:
The gardens surrounding Pavlovsk Palace just outside of St Petersburg at the turn of the nineteenth century were recognised by contemporaries as the most visually appealing in the Russian Empire. This status was largely due to the efforts of its patron from 1777 to 1828, Maria Fedorovna. During this period, she was daughter-in-law to Tsarina Catherine II, wife of Tsar Paul I, and mother to Tsars Alexander I and Nicolas I. Her tenuous status as a non-ruling monarch did not prevent her from achieving a position of significant power at the Russian court. This dissertation uncovers Maria Fedorovna’s ability to influence her immediate family, Russian nobility, bourgeoisie and foreign diplomats during this period, a time when Russia was at the centre of many European events. Maria Fedorovna's manipulation of Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I has been downplayed in history to date and the use of Pavlovsk Park as the main tool in achieving relevance and influence has been overlooked. Maria Fedorovna’s patronage of Pavlovsk was shaped by her biography, gifts, travel and financial arrangements. Catherine II’s presenting of Pavlovsk to the Grand Duke and Duchess upon the birth of their first son, Alexander, compounded with her later gift of Gatchina to the Grand Duke, meant that Pavlovsk became essentially the focus of Maria Fedorovna’s artistic activities. The experience of the Grand Tour taught the Grand Duchess the expressive power of garden design and provided her with a lifetime of ideas to implement in the Park. These travels also provided the impetus and opportunity for her to build networks with other plant collectors. In 1795 and 1814 Maria Fedorovna was the recipient of unprecedented diplomatic botanical gifts from Britain containing new plants, delivered fully grown and transplanted into glasshouses at Pavlovsk. The collections that she developed around these gifts contributed to her becoming a significant patron of botany. In 1801 Alexander I endowed his mother, the Dowager Empress with a generous yearly pension to spend on her garden and other needs. Maria Fedorovna took advantage of each of these opportunities to turn Pavlovsk into a place that combined aesthetic beauty with utility in dealing with powerful people. The Grand Tour was a major source of inspiration for her decisions of patronage and directions in design. Maria Fedorovna turned Pavlovsk into a memory device to recall her travels, however, when implementing the designs based on the Grand Tour she modified them to make them either more Russian or more appropriate for expressing her views. By implementing these ideas she was able to maintain her relevance at court by successfully appealing to people in power. Through Maria Fedorovna’s patronage, Pavlovsk Park acquired connotations of diplomatic success, morality, charity, and the autobiographical representation of one of the most dynamic and successful non-ruling monarchs of the Russian Empire.
17
Buclon, Anaïs. "Europe rêvée, Europe vécue. Le Grand Tour de Thomas Cole : réinterprétation de l'Europe à travers le regard d'un artiste américain (1829-1848)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL022.pdf.
Анотація:
Thomas Cole se rendit en Europe afin d'admirer les paysages et l'art, à l'instar des touristes de l'Antiquité et des Grands Touristes européens. Cet artiste de la première moitié du XIXe siècle effectua ses séjours avec un regard tourné vers un passé rêvé et idyllique. Au cours de ses périples, il se laissa transporter par ce que symbolisaient et faisaient vivre en lui les vestiges de l'Antiquité qu'il découvrit. À la suite de chacun de ses deux Grands Tours, il réussit à transcrire ce rêve à travers ses toiles, sans toutefois négliger les paysages américains qu'il arpenta avec passion également et qu'il lui tenait à cœur de préserver. Cole réinventa le Grand Tour en organisant ses propres voyages sans se laisser dicter ce qu'il devait voir ou faire dans les différentes villes d'Europe. Il s'agit de ce fait d'un Grand Tour original qui montre en creux ce qu'était le Grand Tour des Américains en lui apportant une tout autre dimension. Le peintre résida longtemps en Europe : trois ans pour son premier Grand Tour et un an pour le second. Il était tout autant à la recherche du Beau, du Pittoresque ou du Sublime européens que porté à l'observation et à l'étude de la peinture des Grands Maîtres. L'artiste fut particulièrement émerveillé par l'Italie et les paysages alpins de la Suisse, auxquels il attribua les qualités des trois catégories. Nous avons étudié la connaissance que Cole avait de ces catégories esthétiques et comment tout ceci se retraduisit dans son œuvre, jusqu'à influencer ses contemporains et la peinture de paysage aux États-Unis. En complément de ses toiles européennes ou d'inspiration européenne, ses écrits et ses croquis nous permettent de nous faire une image plus complète de son expérience sur le Vieux Continent. Loin du songe de l'Arcadie, nous avons également étudié les aspects matériels du voyage de l'époque. Nous avons en effet analysé en quoi l'image rêvée de l'Europe se heurta à la réalité, à quel point la vision que Cole avait de l'Europe fut modifiée par son expérience, ainsi que ce qu'il en ressortit dans son œuvre. Cet artiste américain fut un personnage très intéressant et complet, regroupant différents types d'art : peinture, architecture et écriture. L'analyse put ainsi être plus complète concernant l'influence de l'Europe sur le développement de l'art américain. Nous avons étudié les différents aspects de son art, en prenant en compte non seulement ses toiles finales, mais également ses esquisses et ses écrits de différents types (poèmes, articles, lettres, journaux, carnets de voyages, etc.). Ses témoignages nous donnent à voir, entendre, goûter, sentir, toucher, les paysages, que ce fussent des landscapes ou des cityscapes, créant ainsi cette mosaïque européenne des paysages. Après avoir visité l'Europe, Cole rentra chez lui, enrichi de nombre de croquis du Vieux Continent, lui permettant de créer de nouvelles toiles. Il délivra de cette manière une image très riche des lieux, confrontant parfois les siècles, donnant vie à une histoire idéalisée de l'Antiquité. Il prit pour habitude dans ses notes d'animer les lieux à l'aide de descriptions des activités, mœurs et modes vestimentaires des habitants rencontrés sur son chemin. Grâce aux diverses formes de narration dont l'artiste américain fit usage, nous avons eu accès pour nos recherches à une vision tour à tour authentique, intime, formelle, plus aboutie artistiquement (dans ses poèmes et articles) ou délivrant une vision d'ensemble, par ses toiles, offrant une impression immédiate à l'œil du spectateur quant aux sensations éprouvées sur les différents lieux découverts lors de son voyage. L'artiste se nourrit de la mythologie, de l'histoire, de l'art et de la littérature européenne pour bâtir son œuvre, comme il est aisé de le remarquer dans son Course of Empire. Il souhaitait élever la peinture de paysage au rang de la peinture historique ; il y parvint avec succès, tant par ses toiles européennes, qu'au travers de ses œuvres américainesThomas Cole travelled to Europe, to see its landscapes and art with his own eyes, like the tourists of Antiquity and the Great European Tourists. This artist from the first half of the 19th century travelled there with his eyes set on experiencing a dreamy, idyllic past. During his travels, he allowed himself to be transported by what the vestiges of Antiquity he encountered symbolised and brought to life for him. Following each of his two Grand Tours, he succeeded in transcribing this dream through his canvases. However, he did not neglect the American landscape, which he also explored with great passion. Perhaps his attachment to discovering and preserving the American wilderness was due to the fact that his roots were in England, where he was born and spent his first 17 years. Cole reinvented the Grand Tour by organising his own trips and refusing to be dictated by what he should conventionally see or do during his stays in the various cities of Europe. As a result, this is an original Grand Tour that gives a whole new dimension to the American Grand Tour. The painter stayed in Europe for a long time: three years for his first Grand Tour and one year for the second. He was as much in search of the Picturesque, the Beautiful or the Sublime in Europe as he was observing and studying the paintings of the Great Masters. He was particularly enchanted by Italy and the Alpine landscapes of Switzerland, to which he attributed the qualities of all three categories. We have looked at Cole's knowledge of aesthetic categories and how this translated into his work, influencing his contemporaries and landscape painting in the United States. In addition to his European or European-inspired paintings, his writings and sketches give us a more complete picture of his experience on the Old Continent. Far from the dream of Arcadia, we have also studied the material aspects of travel at the time. We have analysed how Cole's dream image of Europe measured against reality, and the extent to which his vision of Europe was altered by his experience. We have studied what emerges from this in his work. Cole was a very interesting figure, bringing together different types of art: writing, painting and architecture. This enabled us to make a more comprehensive analysis of the influence of Europe on the development of American art. We studied the different aspects of his art, considering not only his final canvases, but also his sketches and his writings of various kinds (poems, articles, letters, journals, travel diaries, etc.). His testimonies allow us to see, hear, taste, smell and touch landscapes and cityscapes, creating this European mosaic of landscapes. After visiting Europe, Cole returned home, enriched by a wealth of sketches from the Old Continent, to paint from. In this way, Cole delivered a very rich image of the place, sometimes comparing the centuries and giving life to an idealised history of Antiquity. He made a habit of populating his notes with descriptions of the activities, customs, and modes of dress of the people he met along the way. Thanks to the various forms of narration used by the American artist, we had access for our research to a vision that was alternately authentic, intimate, formal, more artistically accomplished (in his poems and articles), or providing an overall vision thanks to his paintings, offering the viewer an immediate impression of the sensations felt in the various places discovered on his journey. The same landscape was sometimes represented in his sketchbook from different angles, in order to preserve as accurate a memory as possible. The artist drew on European mythology, history, art, and literature to create his work, as can be seen in his Course of Empire. His aim was to elevate landscape painting to the level of historical painting, and he succeeded in doing so both in his European canvases and in his American works
18
Rochette, Robert. "The classical image of the self in eighteenth century Britain and the Grand Tour /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr6771.pdf.
19
Chard, C. R. "Horror and terror in literature of the Grand Tour, and in the Gothic novel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355005.
20
Barron, Caroline. "Tourists and texts : Latin inscriptions in the Grand Tour collections of eighteenth-century England." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tourists-and-texts(70feb3de-1582-437b-b4e8-d7a2eb314620).html.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the acquisition of Latin inscriptions by the Grand Tourists of eighteenth century England - while there are many previous surveys of the private collections of antiquities made in this period, there has been no comprehensive study of the inscriptions in their own right. Previous research has focused on the collection and display of ancient statuary but the Latin inscriptions that were included in the majority of collections in this period have largely been overlooked, or considered 'minor' objects by comparison. This thesis has investigated the types of inscriptions that were acquired by collectors such as Thomas Hollis, William Weddell, the 1st Earl of Shelburne and Charles Townley, the objects on which the inscriptions were placed and the motivation behind their acquisition and suggests that they were included in collections throughout the eighteenth century for very specific reasons. Analysis of the content of the inscriptions and the way in which they were displayed has identified the different intellectual and aesthetic value attributed to them by the Tourists, from an antiquarian interest in their potential to deliver historical facts to their utility in aesthetically pleasing gallery arrangements. It also argues that these responses are indicative of the changing perception of antiquity in the eighteenth century. Archival material has been used to clarify the process by which the inscriptions were acquired and to illustrate how the interests and aesthetic criteria of the Tourists drove the art market and the dealers of antiquities in Rome. This thesis suggests that far from the 'minor' status accorded to them in most previous studies, inscriptions played a vital role in the Grand Tourists' experience of antiquity in the eighteenth century.
21
Bernot, Marine. "Ford Madox Ford (1873-1939) en quête d'identité : chroniques et vagabondages impressionnistes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL3001.
Анотація:
Madox Ford est une des grandes figures, non seulement de la littérature d’expressionanglaise, mais de la vie culturelle et artistique d’Europe occidentale dans le premier tiersdu XXe siècle. Il est très lié à Henry James et à Conrad (avec qui il écrit trois romans),joue un rôle de premier plan comme éditeur et contribue au développement del’impressionnisme littéraire et à l’instauration du « modernisme ». Cosmopolite par sesantécédents (anglais, allemand, français), grand voyageur partagé entre l’Angleterre, lesEtats-Unis et la France (surtout la Provence, sa terre d’élection et Toulon), Ford estl’auteur d’une oeuvre considérable qui compte plus de 80 ouvrages. Marine Bernot achoisi d’analyser plus particulièrement une dizaine de récits de souvenirs de toutes sorteset deux récits de voyage qu’il publie de 1904 à 1937. On y découvre toute une époque, unécrivain original et une personnalité d’une rare complexité – politiquement avancé,féministe et libertaire, écologiste avant la lettre, quelque peu visionnaire, un homme quiparle aux gens d’aujourd’huiFord Madox Ford is one of the most important figures, not only of English literature butof the Western European cultural and artistic world of the twentieth century. Closelyconnected with Henry James and Joseph Conrad (with whom he wrote three novels incollaboration), Ford played a vital role as editor, contributor to literary impression and aspioneer of “modernism”. Cosmopolitan by birth (English, German, French), this tirelessvoyager, torn between England, the United States and France (especially Provence, hischosen domain and Toulon), Ford is the author of a voluminous sum of publicationsmade up of more than 80 books and other items. The author of this thesis, Marine Bernot,has chosen to concentrate on a dozen or so memoirs covering the years going from 1904to 1937, focusing particularly on two travel ‘novels’, Provence and The Great TradeRoute. These works, which give an original insight into the first half of the twentiethcentury, introduce the reader to an original and complex personality – politicallyadvanced, feminist, non-conformist, ecologist ahead of his times, visionary –, a man inharmony with contemporary preoccupations
22
Polzella, Annie Kristina. "Self-Representation of Women in Eighteenth-Century Europe: Lady Anna Miller and the Grand Tour." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6746.
Анотація:
The Grand Tour is known to scholars as a significant period of travel in which members of English society could immerse themselves in the foreign, while also adhering to established social customs. Scholarship previously regarded the Grand Tour as an intellectual journey for aristocratic Englishmen; however, an incorporation of women into this narrative has introduced many new and important themes that merit further study. Women’s increasing participation in the Grand Tour, which gained in popularity in the eighteenth century, reveals many unique aspects of British society in the period. The integration of women into the Tour is also an indication of increased mobility for an emerging class of Britons who sought amusement and distinction abroad. Cultural identity played an active role in not only shaping the traveler’s experience but also in dictating how travelers represented themselves on their journey. Traveler’s served as cultural intermediaries that represented their country while abroad and transported aspects of the foreign societies they encountered home with them. While cultural identity certainly shaped perceptions of travelers, this work endeavors to bring into focus additional points of analysis and emphasize emerging areas of study. The appropriation of foreign objects and the significance of their integration into domestic life and social practices, the pursuit of amusement and that pursuit’s influence on the Tour experience, and the essential role played by the body as another category of experience in travel are all areas of interest and focus in this additional interpretation of the Grand Tour.
23
D'EZIO, Marianna. "Hester Thrale Piozzi: il gusto dell'eccentricità." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917506.
24
Silvestre, Pauline. "Tous contraints ? : les modes de vie et leur territorialisation en grande couronne francilienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1190/document.
Анотація:
Dans une région francilienne en mutation (nouveau schéma de planification, construction du Grand Paris, recomposition intercommunale), la grande couronne et ses habitants ne semblent toujours pas faire l’objet d’une attention particulière. Cette thèse propose d’aller au-delà des discours convenus sur les modes de vie ayant cours sur ces territoires qui, derrière la généralisation du terme de grande couronne, révèlent une complexité invitant à dépasser les clichés auxquels ils sont souvent réduits (le pavillon, la voiture, le jardin).Plutôt que de s’appuyer sur des périmètres déjà établis pour considérer les pratiques et représentations des habitants, il s’agit de réfléchir, à l’inverse, aux modalités de territorialisation de leurs modes de vie, c'est-à-dire de comprendre quels ressorts spécifiques mobilisent ceux-ci pour élaborer un mode de vie le plus conforme possible à leurs besoins et aspirations face à des ressources et caractéristiques territoriales données et quels territoires de vie se donnent alors à voir. Les habitants dont il est ici question sont ceux du Centre Essonne-Seine-Orge, le territoire d’études de l’Agence d’urbanisme et de développement Essonne-Seine-Orge, au sein de laquelle a été réalisée cette thèse en CIFRE. En nous intéressant de plus près à leur consommation, prise comme partie offrant une compréhension de tout le mode de vie, nous mettrons à l’épreuve un filtre de lecture bien souvent employé à propos des habitants de grande couronne, celui de la contrainte. Au contraire, loin d'être des individus passifs, condamnés à subir les défauts d'un territoire démuni ou mal muni, les habitants du CESO s'affirment au contraire comme des individus agiles face à leurs environs. Mieux encore, ils ne sont pas seulement des habitants qui parviendraient à échapper aux contraintes liées à leurs caractéristiques propres ou celles de leur territoire. L’enquête du terrain permet de proposer une figure hypothétique : celle d'habitants, peut-être plus malins qu'ailleurs parce qu'encouragés, par ces contraintes imaginées ou réelles, à mettre en place d'autres solutions, à recourir à d'autres compétences, à développer d'autres connaissances pour construire des modes de vie se déployant dans des lieux spécifiques davantage conformes à leurs besoins et envies propresDespite the major changes occurring in the Île-de-France region (a renewed planning scheme, Grand Paris project, new territorial division), the outer suburbs and their inhabitants still do not raise a particular interest from the public authorities. Their lifestyle would confirm upheld stereotypes about this part of the region, as characterized by residents occupying a detached house, a closed garden and owning a personal car. This thesis aims at exploring the complexity hidden beyond the all-embracing designation of “outer suburbs”. Many research studies focus on this kind of territory but examine pre-defined perimeters as a starting-point to understand social practices. On the contrary, this thesis considers observing the way of life is fertile, even more from the point of view of those who directly experience it, meaning the inhabitants. In contrast, this thesis considers observing the inhabitants’ way of life, therefore considering the point of view of those who directly experience the territory, offers a much richer material. Instead of starting from institutional or statistical perimeters to analyze practices and representations, we will try to understand how inhabitants build the spatial translations of their needs and wishes, considering the specific available resources around them, and then analyze these newly-defined areas. We will explore the specific process they undertake and the spatial results of these process. The inhabitants we investigated live in a specific area called Centre Essonne-Seine-Orge, where this thesis was carried out with the Agence d’urbanisme et de développement Essonne-Seine-Orge. This thesis more particularly deals with consumer practices, images that are associated to them and the specific areas people reach to shop. This outlook is metonymical: we investigate one part of their ways of life to understand it as a whole. Limitation and constraint are frequently used as an interpretative framework to analyze the ways of life of inhabitants of outer suburbs. They are thought to live “sub”-ways of life, to deal with territorial flaws. During our inquiry, we did not encounter any of the submissive and frustrated characters we had anticipated. The inhabitants are, on the contrary, able to find their own ways of escaping from the clichés, twisting the expected uses of their territory and developing the new skills and knowledge needed to build a way of life that allows them to reach a satisfying existential balance
25
Cafarotti, Valentina. "L'esperienza del grand tour tra passato e presente: La "visione restituita" del mausoleo di Galla Placidia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7275/.
Анотація:
La tesi analizza l'evoluzione del rapporto fra turista e monumento, dalla nascita del fenomeno turistico, individuata nel Grand Tour, sino a giungere al turismo contemporaneo, che si identifica nel fenomeno del turismo globale. In particolare si è approfondito il caso specifico della città di Ravenna e del Mausoleo di Galla Placidia.
26
Dell'olio, Aurélie. "La Croisière du Vanadis : sur les traces d'Edith Wharton." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL3003/document.
Анотація:
Une trace est une suite d’empreintes, laissées par le passage d’un être ou d’un objet – c’est donc avant tout l’indice d’un chemin parcouru. C’est à ce déplacement dans le temps et dans l’espace qu’invitent mes travaux de recherche dont l’objectif est de suivre Edith Wharton « à la trace ». La trace, c’est d’abord, pour ce qu’elle nous apprend sur le voyageur et son rapport au monde, cette croisière en Méditerranée qu’elle entreprend en 1888 à bord du Vanadis. C’est également l’empreinte qui subsiste de cette expérience du voyage : un manuscrit dactylographié qui retrace le périple et rend compte du rapport particulier d’Edith Wharton à l’écriture.La trace – ce qu’on suit (« suivre à la trace ») – renvoie donc à une double activité : d’une part au voyage lui-même, d’autre part, à l’exploration de toutes les pistes que j’ai cru bon d’ouvrir à partir du document originel : sur la vie et l’œuvre d’Edith Wharton, sur son environnement socio-culturel et sur le genre de la littérature de voyage – toute une série d’empreintes, donc de signes conduisant à de nombreux signifiés. La question demeure toujours, en dernier ressort, de savoir si les signifiés que croit avoir découvert le chercheur sont bien ceux de l’écrivainA trace is both a material imprint and a trail or series of imprints, marking the passage of a being or an object in transit; it can therefore be understood as the material evidence of a path that has been pursued. In the particular context of this research, the term trace refers first and foremost to the record of a sea voyage. This unpublished journal, kept by Edith Wharton, gives an account of the various stages of the Mediterranean cruise she made in the yacht, the Vanadis, in the spring of 1888.This long book is of particular interest, insofar as it, not only gives a fascinating account of the response of a young nineteenth-century cultivated American to the different cultures discovered in the course of a voyage leading her from North Africa to the Greek Islands and the shores of the Adriatic, but also provides valuable insight into the early responses of an artist in the making.The term “trace” therefore refers to both these aspects: first the voyage itself, the places visited, their physical features and historical significance; secondly the traces left by the visitor who embarked on this adventure at a turning point in her life. The sentiment that the future artist is poised at the crossroads of her existence, leads the researcher – in an attempt to leave as few stones as possible unturned – on a trail leading back to her past and forward to her future. This investigation would not be complete without a survey of travel literature, as the particular genre Edith Wharton has chosen as her means of expression. All these traces unite to form a series of “signs” (in the Saussurian sense of the word), which the researcher endeavours to interpret in the hopes of understanding what is “signified” on a deeper level
27
La, Mache Denis. "Lieux communs : ethnologie de l'art d'habiter un grand ensemble H.L.M." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0222.
Анотація:
Dans un quartier HLM de la banlieue tourangelle, des centaines d'habitants s'agitent et se croisent. Des étudiants, des retraités, des ouvriers. . . Investissent des appartements standardisés juxtaposés. Chacun, à leur manière, ils habitent là. Ils développent habiletés et savoir-faire dans les procédés qu'ils emploient pour transformer d'objectives conditions de logement en manière légitime et respectable d'être là. Chacun,jouant des mécanismes de l'appropriation et du détournement, pratique l'art d'habiter et partage les lieux avec les autres. Utilisant l'espace et le temps, cet art d'habiter se décline en savoirs, savoir-faire et savoir-être. Toutes les dimensions de la vie sociale entrent au service de légitimités personnelles distinctes. Chacun s'accomode des tyrannies qui résultent d'une participation plus ou moins durable à la vie d'un quartier d'habitat social. Chacun braconne avec et dans l'économie et la culture dominante, s'appropriant les codes et les lieux pour en composer des formalités inédites. L'art d'habiter est ce travail quotidien qui gère les idéaux aux prises avec les circonstances. Il n'est pas d'individu qui ne puisse construire sa respectabilité. Alors, entre tensions et réajustement mutuels, s'organise le périlleux exercice de la cohabitation. Dans ce jeu de société, chacun interprète les règles, identifie des partenaires et des adversaires, repère des enjeux. Le petit monde privé du logement, les parties communes ou les espaces commerciaux sont les cadres d'interactions multiples où se joue la complexe cohérence d'identités individuelles polymorphes. Pour chacun, l'art d'habiter alimente et relie des configurations de liens sociaux exprimés dans un reseau d'espaces et de lieux sans cesse tissé au présent mais qui embrasse passé et avenir. L'appartement, le quartier, la ville. . . , pratiqués ou évoqués, entrent dans la composition d'un modèle du monde au coeur duquel chacun tente de maintenir et justifier sa place.
28
FONTAN, KLEIN ARMELLE. "Temoignages sur la grande guerre 1914-1918 dans les regions de nancy et toul." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR20043.
Анотація:
Douze temoignages d'anciens combattants francais de la premiere guerre mondiale ont ete recueillis en 1984-85, et analyses. L'objectif etait d'apprehender les relations importantes qui existaient entre ces hommes et cette periode de leur vie. Elles sont apparues dans l'evocation des souffrances vecues, dans le choix des evenements rapportes, des valeurs pronees, dans l'image de combattant que ces hommes produisaient d'eux-memes. L'analyse de ces recits fait apparaitre que toutes les personnes interrogees ont cherche a delivrer un message et a evaluer leur participation a ce conflit sur un mode professionnel. Les messages delivres se differencient les uns des autres par leur caractere soit egocentrique, dans le sens ou ils decrivent l'influence de cette periode sur les temoins, soit altruiste dans le sens ou la description concerne un groupe humain qui varie de l'unite combattante a l'humanite toute entiere. Cette etude montre egalement que les temoins se sont construit une memoire du passe. Ils y ont inclus des faits de leur vecu influences par, ou juxtaposes a des evenements rapportes par des camarades ou posterieurement, des donnees de l'histoire ecrite. L'imaginaire et l'affectivite influent fortement sur la constitution de la memoire et sa restitutionIn 1984-1985, twelve french world war i veterans volunteered testimonies to that study. These were recorded and analyzed. The work aimed at understanding the main relationships linking these men with that important period of their lives. These relationships were described in terms of painstressing, events selections, and moral values enhancements. They tended to present them under the image of fighting men. The analysis of these statements showed that every interviewed veteran has tried to give a message, and to evaluate its participation to that conflict on a professionnal mode as well. Differences between the nature of the messages can be made either with respect to their egocentric construction, when they describe the influence of that war on the veteran himself, or with respect to their more altruistic content, when that period of tim is shown to influence a larger human group, whose size is ranging from the fighting unit to the whole human kind. More over, this study whows that the witnesses have built an inward individual memory of their past. Facts of their own lives have been inserted into it; these facts have been influenced by, or set aside with, events reported to the witnesses by brothers in arms at the time, or later with data proposed by history works
29
Sevrez, Violaine. "Etude du mouvement de rotation d'un système poly-articulé : l'exemple du grand tour à la barre fixe." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22001.pdf.
Анотація:
Le corps humain possède de nombreux degrés de liberté qui sont coordonnés avec une étonnante facilité lorsque, par exemple, un athlète de haut niveau exécute un geste technique. Le grand tour à la barre fixe en gymnastique est l’un de ces gestes, réalisé avec une apparente simplicité bien que soumis à de fortes contraintes mécaniques et nécessitant une organisation particulière du corps tout entier pour être réussi. Après avoir présenté la tâche et les études s’y rapportant, nous proposons d’aborder le problème à partir d’une approche intégrée combinant la (bio)mécanique et les neurosciences comportementales. Une étude mécanique du geste montre que le gymnaste peut théoriquement être assimilé à un pendule de longueur variable tel le Botafumeiro -célèbre encensoir de Saint Jacques de Compostelle- ou un enfant mettant en mouvement une balançoire. L’analyse de la cinématique du geste confirme la proposition de l’étude mécanique, puisque le gymnaste semble s’organiser pour conserver un patron de variation de « longueur » semblable malgré l’ajout de contraintes additionnelles. Une étude des moments associés à la réalisation d’un grand tour montre que le gymnaste n’utilise pas répétitivement un patron unique d’activation musculaire mais résoud répétitivement un même problème. Ces modifications de la cinématique et de la dynamique du geste permettent de proposer un modèle d’explication de la manière dont le gymnaste gère la redondance lors de la réalisation d’un grand tourThe human body possesses a huge amount of gegrees of freedom, coordinated in an amazing fashion when athletes are performing a technical gesture for example. The giant circle on the high bar in gymnastics is an example of such a gesture, which seems to be performed easily while driven by numerous mechanical constraints and thus necessitaring a particular organisation of the entire body to be fulfilled. After having presenting the task and the related literature, well approach the problem using an integrated approach, combining (bio)mechanics and behavioural neurosciences. [. . . ]
30
Goldsmith, Sarah Anne Maria. "Danger, risk-taking and masculinity on the British Grand Tour to the European Continent, c. 1730-1780." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11605/.
Анотація:
This thesis undertakes a revision of the eighteenth-century British Grand Tour through investigating the role played by danger, risk and hardship in its rationale and process of masculine formation. The question of why Grand Tourists risked the dangers of travel when many aristocratic male lines were dying out has puzzled various scholars. My research argues that danger was much more central to the Grand Tour’s culture and rationale than has previously been allowed. Examining manuscript writings from aristocratic and gentry families across several generations c. 1730-80, and focusing upon the importance of Grand Tour destinations beyond Italy, this thesis identifies how and why Grand Tourists willingly engaged with dangers as varied as moral hazard, war, mountains, disease and the risks and hardships of the road and sport. The Grand Tour was a crucial forum in which formative experiences of discomfort and danger could take place. Perceived as imbued with transformative properties that encouraged and confirmed the development of valued masculine internal and physical virtues, these experiences constituted a central element of masculine formation and culture. Scholars have largely ignored these activities and the wider ramifications they have upon our understanding of elite masculine culture. Through examining them, this thesis argues that eighteenth-century elite men sought to cultivate a hardy masculine identity that embraced martial, sporting and chivalric masculinities, and sat alongside the more commonly acknowledged masculinities of politeness and sensibility. As importantly, the experience and narration of danger acted as an important platform for homosocial bonding, and one through which wider issues of elite masculinity, authority, identity and power were explored. Danger was used to advocate a wide array of elite masculine identities, ranging from the martial to the man of feeling. Such narratives often sought to further individual and collective claims for the elite’s hold on exclusivity and power.
31
Houle-Courcelles, Mathieu. ""Une grande union pour tous les travailleurs" : la One Big Union au Québec (1919-1929)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30131/30131.pdf.
Анотація:
La One Big Union (OBU) a marqué l’histoire du mouvement ouvrier au Canada. Associée au courant du syndicalisme industriel révolutionnaire, l’OBU s’est développée au Québec dès 1919, tout particulièrement à Montréal. Ce mémoire nous permettra mieux comprendre les stratégies d’implantation du syndicat dans la province jusqu’en 1929, en nous attardant sur ses objectifs et ses moyens d’action. Notre recherche mettra en lumière la culture politique de l’organisation et de ses militants, ses périodes d’avancées et de reculs, de même que ses rapports parfois conflictuels avec le reste du mouvement ouvrier.
32
Cason, Kelley A. "Images of Naples: Class, Gender and the Southern Character in Hester Piozzi’s Observations and Reflections." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/985.
Анотація:
On the tenth of January 1786, Mrs. Hester Lynch Piozzi recorded her entrance into the city of Naples, Italy in her travel journal Observations and Reflections Made in the Course of a Journey Through France, Italy, and Germany. She emphasized the importance of her experience in Naples by stating that: "among all the new ideas I have acquired since England lessened to my sight upon the sea, those gained at Naples will be the last to quit me." This British woman's stay in Naples was but a brief period within her three year long Grand Tour, yet it represented a great deal more than a simple respite. It became both a metaphor for her own break from the English society with her second marriage to an Italian musician and a forum through which she could express her complex opinions about class, ethnicity and gender. Essentially, this study reconstructs how Naples became a symbolic site in the journal and what it and its inhabitants represented to Hester Piozzi, both geographically and personally. Moreover, it simultaneously analyzes the common northern-European impressions that informed her opinions of Naples and the personal experiences that shaped her interactions with Neapolitans.
Complex and sometimes conflicting beliefs and motivations formed Hester Piozzi's opinions of the place and its people. The object of my thesis is to understand how these various strands shaped her cultural interactions in the Italian south. In Piozzi's mind, Naples stood for many things. In part, long-standing northern European conceptions of Italian society formed the basis for her perceptions. More interestingly they also built upon her intensely personal observations as a woman who had split from her own social niche, the British upper-class. The city's exotic qualities provided her with the ability to fully embrace her liberation, yet in that context she also found common parallels that connected the lives of Neapolitan women to her own. Ironically, in the place that she believed to be most opposite to her home, she found a striking metaphor to help her evaluate and understand her own fractured life in England.
33
Evangelista, Giovana Tagliari. "Análise da comercialização de touros de corte no Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129679.
Анотація:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que influenciam o preço de comercialização de 785 touros de corte, pertencentes às raças Angus, Brangus, Braford, Hereford e Charolês, comercializados em 12 leilões no RS, bem como as preferências manifestada pelos compradores. Foram analisados os efeitos do tamanho, musculosidade, condição corporal (ECC), raça e ordem de entrada em pista (OE) sobre o preço de venda (PF) dos touros. As variáveis peso e perímetro escrotal do touro (PE) foram correlacionadas ao PF. Os dados foram submetidos a análise não paramétrica por não apresentarem distribuição normal. Para efeito das análises da OE cada leilão foi dividido em quatro etapas (1o, 2o, 3o e 4o quartos) e o PF foi considerado apenas nos casos de efetiva comercialização dos touros. O PF teve associação positiva com o PE (r=0,189, p<0,001) e peso (r=0,147, p<0,001) dos animais. Touros de tamanho grande tiveram maior preço comparado aos de tamanho pequeno e médio (p<0,01). Animais com ECC 3 receberam maiores PF (p<0,01. A raça Angus obteve maiores preços, seguida das raças Brangus e Braford (p<0,001). O PF dos animais decresceu do 1o até o 3o quarto de duração do leilão, sem diferença entre o 3o e 4o.quartos. Conforme transcorriam as vendas, houve uma diminuição gradativa do peso dos animais (p<0,001). Diferentemente do esperado, touros com musculosidade leve tiveram maio PF, provavelmente devido à alta demanda de animais no referido ano de avaliação (89%). As variáveis fenotípicas que tiveram maior impacto na comercialização dos touros foram peso, tamanho, perímetro escrotal e raça. No entanto, nenhum fator isolado pode predizer o PF dos touros comercializados. Maiores preços foram observados no primeiro quarto do leilão, possivelmente pela maior qualidade dos animais e público presente. Os compradores que adquiriram touros nesses 12 leilões preferiram animais das raças Angus, Brangus e Braford, de grande porte, com maiores pesos e PE. Produtores de touros deveriam entender os fatores econômicos por trás da seleção destes animais e direcionar seus esforços para a produção de reprodutores que atendam as preferências dos compradores. Da mesma forma, compradores de touros devem entender em que proporção as características observadas na hora da escolha dos animais impactam na produtividade do rebanho.The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the market price of 785 beef bulls (Aberdeen and Red Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Braford and Brangus) sold in 12 auctions in RS. The effects of size, muscularity, body condition (BCS), breed and sale order (SO) were analyzed. Weight and scrotal circumference (SC) were correlated to final price (FP). The data were submitted to nonparametric analysis because did not present normal distribution. For purposes of the analysis of SO each auction was divided into four times (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th rooms) and the FP was considered only in cases of effective marketing. The FP had positive association with SC (r = 0.189) and weight (r = 0.147). The bulls with bigger size had higher price compared to small and medium. Animals with BCS 3 received higher FP. The Angus breed had the highest prices, followed by Brangus and Braford. The FP decreased with SO till the third quarter of the auction. There was a gradual decrease in weight compared to SO. Bulls with weak muscularity received higher FP, probably due to high demand in the year of assessment (89%). The variables that had the greatest impact on the marketing of bulls were weight, size, SC and breed. However, no single factor can predict the FP of marketed bulls. Higher prices were observed in the first quarter, probably because of the higher quality of the bulls and the amount of buyers at the beginning of the auction. Bull buyers in this 12 auctions preferred Angus, Brangus and Braford breeds, with big size and higher weights and SC. Bull producers should understand the economic factors behind the selection of these animals and direct their efforts in producing animals that meet the preferences of buyers. Similarly, bull buyers should understand what proportion of the observed characteristics when choosing animal impact on herd productivity.
34
Slade, Paul Robert. "Italia conquistata : the role of Italy in Milton's early poetic development." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32857.
Анотація:
My thesis explores the way in which the Italian language and literary culture contributed to John Milton’s early development as a poet (over the period up to 1639 and the composition of Epitaphium Damonis). I begin by investigating the nature of the cultural relationship between England and Italy in the late medieval and early modern periods. I then examine how Milton’s own engagement with the Italian language and its literature evolved in the context of his family background, his personal contacts with the London Italian community and modern language teaching in the early seventeenth century as he grew to become a ‘multilingual’ poet. My study then turns to his first published collection of verse, Poems 1645. Here, I reconsider the Italian elements in Milton’s early poetry, beginning with the six poems he wrote in Italian, identifying their place and significance in the overall structure of the volume, and their status and place within the Italian Petrarchan verse tradition. After considering the significance of the Italian titles of L’Allegro and Il Penseroso, I assess the impact of Italian verse forms (and particularly the canzone) upon Milton’s early poetry in English and the question of the nature of the relationship between Milton’s Mask presented at Ludlow Castle and Tasso’s ‘favola boschereccia’, Aminta. Finally, I consider the place in Milton’s career of his journey to Italy in 1938-9 and its importance to him as a personal ‘conquest’ of Italy. I suggest that, far from setting him upon the path toward poetic glory, as is often claimed, his return England marked the beginning of a lengthy hiatus in his poetic career. My argument is that Milton was much more Italianate, by background, accident of birth and personal bent, than has usually been recognised and that an appreciation of how this Italian aspect of his cultural identity contributed to his poetic development is central to an understanding of his poetry.
35
Tellier, Anaïs. "Fonctions cognitives de patients atteints d'un gliome de haut grade avant tout traitement." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9539.
Анотація:
En plus d’être associé à une espérance de vie précaire, les gliomes de haut grade (GHG) s’accompagnent de déficits cognitifs ayant le potentiel d’avoir un impact majeur sur la qualité de vie. Il demeure une compréhension limitée de l’étendue et de la nature des déficits cognitifs des patients en début de parcours de soins, de l’effet de la tumeur elle-même sur les fonctions cognitives tout comme de son lien avec la qualité de vie. L’objectif général de la présente étude était d’effectuer une évaluation cognitive de patients atteints de GHG avant tout traitement afin de décrire leur profil cognitif. Plus précisément, on visait à décrire l’étendue et la nature des déficits cognitifs des patients et explorer la relation entre les fonctions cognitives des patients et les caractéristiques tumorales (volume tumoral et de l’atteinte parenchymateuse) et le niveau de qualité de vie. Une seconde partie de l’étude visait à explorer l’utilité du Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), un test de dépistage, pour détecter des déficits cognitifs chez des patients atteints d’un GHG. Une étude descriptive transversale exploratoire, comportant un échantillon de 14 patients atteints de GHG nouvellement diagnostiqués et recrutés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, a été conduite. Les évaluations cognitives ont été effectuées à l’aide d’une batterie de six tests neuropsychologiques et du MOCA. Les volumes tumoraux provenant des imageries par résonance magnétique ont été obtenus grâce à une méthode volumétrique rigoureuse alors que la qualité de vie a été évaluée à l’aide du Sherbrooke Neuro-oncology Assessment Scale. Les résultats ont démontré que des déficits cognitifs sont bien présents en début de parcours de soins chez ces patients. En ce qui à trait aux caractéristiques tumorales, notre étude n’a pu démontrer de corrélation entre les déficits cognitifs et le volume tumoral, soulevant la possibilité d’une absence de lien entre ces deux variables. L’atteinte parenchymateuse créée par la tumeur corrèle avec un test d’évaluation de la vitesse de traitement de l’information (⍴ = -0,784, p = 0,01). Il semblerait par ailleurs que les fonctions cognitives ne soit pas corrélées avec le niveau de qualité de vie. Finalement, le MOCA semble être un outil prometteur pour l’évaluation cognitive des patients présentant des GHG, alors qu’il semble présenter une valeur prédictive positive satisfaisante malgré une sensibilité plus modeste.
36
Rippinger, Virginie. "La fonction récréative des forêts : le Seven Stanes (Ecosse), un exemple de cadre de vie forestier." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0078.
Анотація:
L'Ecosse offre des paysages et des espaces naturels intéressants pour la pratique de loisirs en plein air. Depuis 2002, date de la création du Seven Stanes, le sud de l'Ecosse est devenu une destination reconnue pour la pratique du vélo tout terrain en milieu forestier à différentes échelles. L'organisation de compétitions lors de championnat du monde, en 2004, a donné au territoire de projet du Seven Stanes, une reconnaissance internationale. Le Seven Stanes se compose de sept sites d'accueil du public pour la pratique du vélo tout terrain, au sein de sept massifs forestiers, gérés par la Forestry Commission. Il se compose de plus de 400 kilomètres proposant des parcours de niveaux et de dimensions variés. La compréhension des conditions de sa création et de son développement éclaire sur la mise en oeuvre d'un nouveau modèle d'aménagement du territoire basé sur la satisfaction des individus prenant en comte les aspirations de loisirs en plein-air et leurs demandes de bien-être. Partant de l'analyse de ce cas concret de terrain, l'échelle de compréhension s'élargie ensuite pour s'intéresser aux systèmes des jeux d'acteurs qui interagissent, la prise en compte des bienfaits pour la santé des pratiques de loisirs en plein air et l'évolution des paysages et donc du "cadre" de ces pratiques en milieu forestier. La caractérisation des vététistes et de leurs aspirations sont appréhendées par deux enquêtes de terrain réalisées en 2002 et 2007 ainsi que la compilation de résultats provenant de la Forestry Commission. Cette réflexion a pour finalité de proposer une compréhension d'un aménagement du territoire qui s'inscrit dans les aspirations actuelles de la prise en compte de l'environnement et plus largement des principes de développement durable dans les actions des individus, en jouant sur les échelles de compréhension. Elle a vocation à éclairer les décideurs et les aménageurs sur l'articulation des échelles d'intervention et des systèmes d'acteurs impliqués par tout aménagement de loisirs récréatifs en milieu naturelScotland offers unbeaten natural landscapes for outdoors activities. Since the creation of the Seven Stanes in 2002, the forests of southern Scotland has become a beacon for moutain biking. The world championships in 2004 gave international recognition to the Seven Stanes. The Seven Stanes consists of seven separate mountain bike destinations. Each destination is set within its own forest and is freely available to the general public. All seven sites are managed by the Forestry Commission to provide over 400 kilometres of cycling paths at a variety of levels and length. Understanding its creation and its development enables us to grasp the implementation of a new land use management based on customer satisfaction. Focused on creating a product that meets the demand for exciting outdoor activities and enhanced well-being. Starting with the analysis of this specific example, the study then broaden to the interactions of the players involved, the impact of outdoor activities on public health, the transformation of the landscape and therefore the framework for these activities within a forest environment. The profile of mountain bikers and their aspirations were ascertained from ground surveys carried out in 2002 and 2007, and data gathered from the Forestry Commission. The aim of this study is to offer an understanding of landscape management that takes into consideration the aspiration of modern society for a sustainable development at an individual level. It purpose is to enlighten and inform the decision makers and planners about the various interactions and interventions levels of those involved in the management of outdoor recreational activities within a natural environment
37
Baran, Kemal Mustafa. "Travelling/writing/drawing: Karl Friedrich Schinkel." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613886/index.pdf.
38
Dell'olio, Aurélie. "La Croisière du Vanadis : sur les traces d'Edith Wharton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL3003.
Анотація:
Une trace est une suite d’empreintes, laissées par le passage d’un être ou d’un objet – c’est donc avant tout l’indice d’un chemin parcouru. C’est à ce déplacement dans le temps et dans l’espace qu’invitent mes travaux de recherche dont l’objectif est de suivre Edith Wharton « à la trace ». La trace, c’est d’abord, pour ce qu’elle nous apprend sur le voyageur et son rapport au monde, cette croisière en Méditerranée qu’elle entreprend en 1888 à bord du Vanadis. C’est également l’empreinte qui subsiste de cette expérience du voyage : un manuscrit dactylographié qui retrace le périple et rend compte du rapport particulier d’Edith Wharton à l’écriture.La trace – ce qu’on suit (« suivre à la trace ») – renvoie donc à une double activité : d’une part au voyage lui-même, d’autre part, à l’exploration de toutes les pistes que j’ai cru bon d’ouvrir à partir du document originel : sur la vie et l’œuvre d’Edith Wharton, sur son environnement socio-culturel et sur le genre de la littérature de voyage – toute une série d’empreintes, donc de signes conduisant à de nombreux signifiés. La question demeure toujours, en dernier ressort, de savoir si les signifiés que croit avoir découvert le chercheur sont bien ceux de l’écrivainA trace is both a material imprint and a trail or series of imprints, marking the passage of a being or an object in transit; it can therefore be understood as the material evidence of a path that has been pursued. In the particular context of this research, the term trace refers first and foremost to the record of a sea voyage. This unpublished journal, kept by Edith Wharton, gives an account of the various stages of the Mediterranean cruise she made in the yacht, the Vanadis, in the spring of 1888.This long book is of particular interest, insofar as it, not only gives a fascinating account of the response of a young nineteenth-century cultivated American to the different cultures discovered in the course of a voyage leading her from North Africa to the Greek Islands and the shores of the Adriatic, but also provides valuable insight into the early responses of an artist in the making.The term “trace” therefore refers to both these aspects: first the voyage itself, the places visited, their physical features and historical significance; secondly the traces left by the visitor who embarked on this adventure at a turning point in her life. The sentiment that the future artist is poised at the crossroads of her existence, leads the researcher – in an attempt to leave as few stones as possible unturned – on a trail leading back to her past and forward to her future. This investigation would not be complete without a survey of travel literature, as the particular genre Edith Wharton has chosen as her means of expression. All these traces unite to form a series of “signs” (in the Saussurian sense of the word), which the researcher endeavours to interpret in the hopes of understanding what is “signified” on a deeper level
39
Bertrand, Gilles. "Le grand tour revisité : pour une archéologie du tourisme : le voyage des Français en Italie, milieu XVIIIe siècle-début XIXe siècle /." Rome : [Paris] : École française de Rome ; [diff. de Boccard], 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413069916.
40
Maillard, Boris. "Etude théorique et expérimentale d'une suspension hydraulique active-passive pour le franchissement rapide de grands obstacles." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0067.
Анотація:
Les exigences croissantes de mobilité des véhicules militaires légers tout terrain nécessitent le développement de nouveaux systèmes de liaison au sol. Des capacités de franchissement rapide de grands obstacles dans de bonnes conditions de confort sont visées. Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude théorique et expérimentale de systèmes actifs dans ce domaine. Dans un premier chapitre, après un bref rappel des besoins de mobilité des véhicules futurs, un état de l'art des concepts architecturaux de liaison au sol et des suspensions contrôlées est présenté. Une architecture mixte boggie / suspension active-passive série est retenue. Le deuxième chapitre présente une étude théorique d'une suspension hydraulique active-passive. La commande L. Q. G. Est rappelée. Deux lois de commande, en force et en vitesse, sont appliquées sur un quart de véhicule pour améliorer le confort. Une structure hiérarchisée de contrôle est retenue et l'influence de la dégradation des performances de l'asservissement de l'actionneur hydraulique est évaluée. La commande en vitesse est retenue. Dans le dernier chapitre, la réalisation d'une suspension hydraulique active-passive est détaillée. Le banc d'essais est décrit. Le recalage des modèles du quart de véhicule et du servo-vérin est suivi d'une description des étapes de mise au point des différents contrôleurs. Les résultats des tests présentent une bonne corrélation avec les prévisions, et valident la faisabilité de la suspension active-passive, tout en montrant l'intérêt du train de roulement de type boggieThe increasing requirements for mobility of light, off-road military vehicles make necessary the development of new locomotion and suspension systems. Abilities of fast, high obstacles crossing under good comfort conditions are aimed. This work is a contribution to theoretical and experimental study of active systems in this field. In a first chapter, after a short recall of the needs for future vehicles mobility, a state of the art of architectural locomotion concepts and controlled suspensions is carried out. A mixed architecture bogie truck 1 in-series, active-passive suspension is retained. The second chapter presents a theoretical study of an active-passive hydraulic suspension. The L. Q. G. Theory is pointed out. Two force and speed control laws are applied to a quarter of vehicle, with the objective of comfort improvement. A multi-level control structure is retained and the influence of the hydraulic control performance degradation is evaluated. The speed control is finally chosen. In the third chapter, the realization of an active-passive hydraulic suspension is detailed. The test bench is described. The identification of the models of the quarter of vehicle and the actuator is followed by a description of the various controllers’ settlings. The results of the tests present a good correlation with the simulation forecasts, and validate the feasibility of the active-passive suspension, while showing advantages of the bogie truck locomotion system
41
Cornu, André. "La mesure du tour de bras chez le jeune enfant : étude critique de son utilisation en épidémiologie nutritionnelle." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20312.
Анотація:
La mesure du tour de bras a mi-hauteur est, pour des raisons de simplicite et de cout, utilisee comme indicateurs de l'etat nutritionnel proteino-energetique chez le jeune enfant. Elle est presentee comme une alternative a la mesure du poids lorsque l'age de l'enfant n'est pas connu. Les arguments qui sont en faveur de l'utilisation de la mesure du tour de bras ont ete verifies sur cinq echantillons d'enfants: 4 sont africains, le cinquieme est tire de la zone caraibe. L'independance de la mesure par rapport a l'age et par rapport a la race a ete verifiee. Les variations de la mesure du tour de bras ont ete etudiees dans les differentes formes de malnutrition proteinoenergetique. L'aptitude de la mesure du tour de bras a evaluer une situation nutritionnelle ou a identifier les enfants malnutris a ete appreciee par rapport a deux indicateurs de reference: le poids en fonction de l'age et le poids en fonction de la taille, tous deux ayant leur limite de normalite fixee a 2 ecarts-types de la population de reference nchs/oms. Les resultats obtenus mettent en evidence l'importance des conditions d'environnement de l'enfant meme non malnutri, sur la valeur de la mesure du perimetre brachial. Cette observation ne remet pas en cause le caractere universel des valeurs de references. Les differences dues a l'environnement n'excluent pas la possibilite d'effets raciaux. La mesure du tour de bras chez les enfants de 12 a 59 mois se revele plus apte a identifier les enfants maigres que les enfants ayant une insuffisance ponderale, mais les seuils qui sont classiquement utilises (125 et 135 mm) ne permettent pas au perimetre brachial de donner des indications representatives d'une situation donnee. La sensibilite de la mesure du tour de bras est assez mediocre et la specificite par rapport a l'indicateur poids pour taille n'est pas constante dans des groupes d'enfants etablis sur des criteres so
42
Mollé, Geoffrey. "Dimensionnement urbain et hauteur des milieux : Enquête mésologique sur les conditions de production et d'habitation des tours résidentielles en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20081.
Анотація:
Depuis les années 2000, l’accélération de la construction de tours dans les métropoles suscite de nouveaux questionnements sur la dimensionnalité de l’urbanisation, c’est-à-dire sur les changements qu’induisent les évolutions urbaines dans la manière d’être positionné, de se positionner et donner du sens à son positionnement dans l’environnement urbain. La thèse y contribue à travers l’analyse des relations entre conditions de production et d’habitation des tours, postes d’observation du stade actuel du « dimensionnement urbain ». La perspective épistémologique et mésologique du « dimensionnement urbain » propose dans la première partie une réponse au lien entre l’intensification de la production des tours dans le monde, la reconsidération de l’habiter en hauteur et le « tournant dimensionnel » des urban studies. Elle oriente l’hypothèse principale de la recherche doctorale : la dimension, en tant que schème archétypal de perception et d’action des sociétés, s’exprime aujourd’hui préférentiellement à celui de la mesure dans l’évolution des stratégies d’extension de l’accès au monde en hauteur. À partir du cas français puis lyonnais, et grâce à des matériaux variés (base de données, documents marketing/communication, entretiens acteurs/habitants, photographie), je démontre dans la deuxième partie la relation entre l’accroissement de la densité métropolitaine et la valorisation de l’habiter en hauteur. Conséquence de la densification et de l’intensification des métropoles, le désir croissant de skyline réside ainsi dans les conditions de possibilité finalement idéales d’une extraction vis-à-vis du sol urbainSince the 2000s, the acceleration in the construction of high-rise buildings in metropolises has raised new questions about the dimensionality of urbanization, i.e. the changes induced by urban developments in the way we are positioned, how we position ourselves and how we give meaning to our positioning in the urban environment. The thesis contributes to this through an analysis of the relationships between the conditions of production and habitation of high-rise buildings, the observation posts of the current stage of "urban dimensioning". In the first part, the epistemological and mesological perspective of "urban dimensioning" offers a response to the link between the intensification of high-rise production worldwide, the reconsideration of high-rise living and the "dimensional turn" of urban studies. It guides the main hypothesis of the doctoral research: dimension, as an archetypal scheme of perception and action of societies, is expressed today preferentially to that of measure in the evolution of strategies for extending access to the world at height. Based on the case of France and then Lyon, and using a variety of materials (database, marketing/communication documents, interviews with actors/residents, photography), I demonstrate in the second part the relationship between increasing metropolitan density and the valorization of living at heights. As a consequence of the densification and intensification of metropolises, the growing desire for skylines lies in the ultimately ideal conditions of possibility for extraction from the urban soil
43
Shan, Chuan. "Générateur distribué d'horloge pour puces globalement et localement synchrones de grande taille." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066623/document.
Анотація:
Cette thèse aborde le problème de la synchronisation globale de grand système sur puce (SoC). Il est centré sur l'étude d'une technique de remplacement de la distribution d'horloge classique et d'une communication asynchrone. Il permet la mise en œuvre de circuit synchrone très fiable. Mon projet de thèse vise à étudier et mettre en œuvre un vaste réseau (10x10) de boucle à verrouillage de phase tous numérique (ADPLL), contenant 100 nœuds générant une horloge pour chaque circuit numérique local. Le prototype a été réalisé sur les horloges de génération de silicium dans la gamme de 903-1161 MHz. Elle met en évidence une erreur de phase maximale de moins de 40 ps entre deux horloges dans toutes les zones voisines. Un autre résultat important est l'analyse de l'erreur de phase entre les deux oscillateurs non-voisins dans la distance. En étudiant un prototype FPGA du réseau, on a obtenu que l'erreur de phase maximale à l'état d'équilibre entre un signal d'horloge et le signal de référence est inférieur à trois étapes des étapes de quantification PFD. Afin de valider les performances de la synchronisation dans ASIC, nous avons conçu un circuit d'une erreur de mesure sur la puce d'horloge. Ce circuit a un taux faible de la lecture hors puce (quelques MHz), et une résolution élevée (+ -2,5 ps). Reconfiguration constitue une autre caractéristique intéressante. Nous avons exploré cette fonction et a proposé une nouvelle topologie avec des configurations différentes pour les nœuds sur la frontière et dans le noyau du réseau. Cette topologie présente un avantage en interdisant la propagation des erreurs de phase et de réflexionThis thesis addresses the problem of global synchronization of large system on chip (SoC). It focuses on the study of an alternative clock generation technique to conventional clock distribution and asynchronous communication. It allows implementation of highly reliable synchronous circuit. My PhD project aims to study and implement a large network (10x10) of all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL), containing 100 nodes generating a clock for each local digital circuitry. The prototype was implemented on silicon generating clocks in the range 903-1161 MHz. It highlights a maximum phase error of less than 40 ps between two clocks in any neighboring zones. Another important result is the analysis of phase error between two non-neighboring oscillators in distance. By studying an FPGA prototype of the network, we obtained that maximum phase error at steady state between any clock signal and the reference signal is less than three steps of the PFD quantification steps. In order to validate the performance of synchronization in ASIC, we designed an on-chip clocking error measurement circuit. This circuit has a low rate for the off-chip readout (several MHz), and a high resolution (+-2.5 ps). Reconfigurability is another attractive feature. We have explored this feature and proposed a novel topology with different configurations for nodes on the border and in the kernel of the network. This topology has an advantage in prohibiting phase error propagation and reflection
44
O'Dwyer, Maeve Anne. "From Batoni's brush to Canova's chisel : painted and sculpted portraiture at Rome, 1740-1830." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23623.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the city of Rome as a primary context of British sociability and portrait identity during the period from 1740 to 1830. Part I considers the work of the portrait painter Pompeo Batoni. It examines the pictorial record of grand tourist sociability at Rome in the 1750s, questioning the complex articulation of nationality among British visitors, and the introduction of overt references to antiquity in the portraiture of Pompeo Batoni. It subsequently interrogates Batoni's use of the partially nude Vatican Ariadne sculpture in five portraits of male grand tourists, dating from Charles John Crowle in 1762, to Thomas William Coke in 1774. Part II of this thesis considers the realities of viewing the sculpted body at Rome, recreating the studios of sculptors Christopher Hewetson and Antonio Canova. It postis the studio space as a locus of sociability for British visitors to Rome, drawing on the feminine gaze in the form of the early nineteenth-century writings of Charlotte Eaton and Lady Murray. The final chapter moves from the focus on British sitters to examine sculpture by Antonio Canova, framing it within a wider discourse of masculinity and propriety. Thte reception of Canova's nude portrait sculpture of Napoleon Bonaparte and Pauline Borghese is considered as indicative of cultural anxieties stemming from new conceptions of gender.
45
Avgeris, Zafeirios. "From Text to Space and Vice Versa : The Travel Accounts of Sir William Gell and Edward Dodwell in Phocis and Boeotia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447010.
Анотація:
This thesis examines and compares two travel accounts in the regions of Phocis and Boeotia in Greece, as they appear in the book of Sir William Gell “The Itinerary of Greece: With a Commentary on Pausanias and Strabo and an Account of the Monuments of Antiquity at Present Existing in that Country (1819) and on the two volumed book of Edward Dodwell A Classical and Topographical Tour Through Greece: During the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806, Volume 1 & 11 (1819). More specifically, the thesis explores the extent of the area that these travelers managed to cover during their routes, the places with historical and archaeological interest that they mentioned at least, their moves among the various chronotopes, and the use of their predecessors’ texts for on their routes. With the use of digital platforms such as Recogito, their travel accounts have been annotated, tagged, aligned with ToposText gazetteer and Wikidata, exported as .csv files, and further processed using OpenRefine. By having as a ground theory approach the social construction of space, as Lefebvre has defined it, the thesis, with the assistance of ArcGIS and Python and the necessary manual steps, explored the topics as mentioned above. The analysis of these topics provided interesting results to the thesis. It showed the differences in the area coverage of the two travelers in Phocis and Boeotia. It also highlighted their accuracy in the discovering of ancient places and buildings. Moreover, it delineated their moves through the different chronotopes and the vital role of the physical environment as a bridge for these moves. Ultimately, this thesis revealed the crucial role of their predecessors’ travel accounts for their navigation on the respecting. Mainly, it made clear the vitality of the travel accounts of Strabo and Pausanias. These results were clearly connected with the social construction of space and time from the two British travelers based on their cultural background.
46
CROSTA, ALICE. "Alessandro Manzoni e la cultura anglosassone." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1299.
Анотація:
La presente tesi di dottorato è il primo studio complessivo sui rapporti di Alessandro Manzoni con la cultura anglosassone, considerati nelle due direzioni: da una parte, le possibili influenze della letteratura inglese sulle sue opere, dall’altra la fortuna dell’autore in Gran Bretagna e negli Stati Uniti nell’Ottocento. Manzoni, infatti, non fu complessivamente incompreso o ignorato nei paesi anglosassoni, come ritenevano alcuni studiosi. Al contrario: personaggi importanti del mondo letterario e culturale apprezzavano e citavano le sue opere, e le numerose traduzioni, recensioni, antologie e libri sull’Italia testimoniano che questo autore era noto tra il pubblico colto. Tra gli episodi più importanti della fortuna di Manzoni nell’Inghilterra vittoriana si possono ricordare: due recensioni di Mary Shelley, influenzata dalla prospettiva risorgimentale (che era in realtà ambivalente verso Manzoni); e un romanzo della scrittrice Charlotte Yonge, legata al movimento di Oxford, che apprezzava particolarmente "I promessi sposi" per i valori cristiani. Negli Stati Uniti, i pregi del romanzo erano riconosciuti da intellettuali attenti alla cultura italiana contemporanea, come Emerson e Margaret Fuller.This dissertation is the first overall study on Alessandro Manzoni’s relationship with the English-speaking world, considered along both lines: possible influences from English literature on Manzoni’s works, and Manzoni’s reception in Great Britain and the United States in the XIXth century. Manzoni was not ignored or misunderstood in those countries, as some critics believed. On the contrary, distinguished men and women from the literary and cultural world read, liked and quoted his works. Indeed, the great number of translations, reviews, anthologies and books on Italy dealing with Manzoni testifies that the Italian author was well-known among the educated reading public. Two important episodes of Manzoni’s reception in Victorian England can be mentioned: two reviews by Mary Shelley, who was influenced by the issues of the Italian Risorgimento (not totally sympathetic with Manzoni); a novel by Charlotte Yonge, the novelist of the Oxford movement, who admired Manzoni’s "Promessi sposi" for its Christian values. In the United States, the merits of Manzoni’s work were acknowledged by Emerson and Margaret Fuller, who showed interest and consideration for the contemporary Italian culture.
47
CROSTA, ALICE. "Alessandro Manzoni e la cultura anglosassone." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1299.
Анотація:
La presente tesi di dottorato è il primo studio complessivo sui rapporti di Alessandro Manzoni con la cultura anglosassone, considerati nelle due direzioni: da una parte, le possibili influenze della letteratura inglese sulle sue opere, dall’altra la fortuna dell’autore in Gran Bretagna e negli Stati Uniti nell’Ottocento. Manzoni, infatti, non fu complessivamente incompreso o ignorato nei paesi anglosassoni, come ritenevano alcuni studiosi. Al contrario: personaggi importanti del mondo letterario e culturale apprezzavano e citavano le sue opere, e le numerose traduzioni, recensioni, antologie e libri sull’Italia testimoniano che questo autore era noto tra il pubblico colto. Tra gli episodi più importanti della fortuna di Manzoni nell’Inghilterra vittoriana si possono ricordare: due recensioni di Mary Shelley, influenzata dalla prospettiva risorgimentale (che era in realtà ambivalente verso Manzoni); e un romanzo della scrittrice Charlotte Yonge, legata al movimento di Oxford, che apprezzava particolarmente "I promessi sposi" per i valori cristiani. Negli Stati Uniti, i pregi del romanzo erano riconosciuti da intellettuali attenti alla cultura italiana contemporanea, come Emerson e Margaret Fuller.This dissertation is the first overall study on Alessandro Manzoni’s relationship with the English-speaking world, considered along both lines: possible influences from English literature on Manzoni’s works, and Manzoni’s reception in Great Britain and the United States in the XIXth century. Manzoni was not ignored or misunderstood in those countries, as some critics believed. On the contrary, distinguished men and women from the literary and cultural world read, liked and quoted his works. Indeed, the great number of translations, reviews, anthologies and books on Italy dealing with Manzoni testifies that the Italian author was well-known among the educated reading public. Two important episodes of Manzoni’s reception in Victorian England can be mentioned: two reviews by Mary Shelley, who was influenced by the issues of the Italian Risorgimento (not totally sympathetic with Manzoni); a novel by Charlotte Yonge, the novelist of the Oxford movement, who admired Manzoni’s "Promessi sposi" for its Christian values. In the United States, the merits of Manzoni’s work were acknowledged by Emerson and Margaret Fuller, who showed interest and consideration for the contemporary Italian culture.
48
Josenhans, Frauke Verena. "Avant le Sud, la Provence vue par les peintres allemands (1768-1867)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3149.
Анотація:
La Provence n’est pas une destination traditionnellement associée avec la peinture allemande. Pourtant, cette région attire les peintres déjà au siècle des Lumières. Les vestiges romains et le souvenir de Pétrarque en font une étape du Grand Tour ainsi que du Kavalierstour. Les artistes allemands, si nombreux à aller en Italie, commencent aussi à remarquer le sud de la France. Les raisons qui les poussent à entreprendre ce voyage sont variées : pour les peintres au XVIIIe siècle, comme Jakob Philipp Hackert, il s’agit d’une escale en route vers l’Italie qui donne déjà un avant-goût de la péninsule. Johann Georg von Dillis et Ludwig Richter se rendent en Provence au début du XIXe siècle dans le cadre d’un voyage princier. Puis, au milieu du siècle, Johann Wilhelm Schirmer choisit consciemment de parcourir le sud de la France et découvre alors une nature différente de celle de l’Italie. Cette étude a pour but d’établir un corpus d’œuvre, permettant à la fois de documenter la présence d’artistes allemands en Provence, mais aussi de dégager les motivations derrière le voyage, et de montrer comment leur perception de la nature provençale évolue du XVIIIe au XIXe siècle. Ce travail propose une analyse de la place de cette région dans l’histoire artistique, culturelle et littéraire et examine les sources littéraires et visuelles dont les artistes allemands avaient pu avoir connaissance. Les différents cas d’artistes étudiés montrent l’évolution du regard artistique allemand sur la Provence et illustrent la difficulté de faire entrer ce territoire dans les canons de l’époque ce qui s’exprime particulièrement dans la peinture allemandeProvence is not a destination traditionally associated with German painting. Yet, this region has attracted painters from the eighteenth century onwards. Roman remains and the memory of Petrarch make it a stop on the Grand Tour and on the Kavalierstour. German artists, who were going to Italy in large numbers, paid increasing attention to the South of France by the end of the eighteenth century. The reasons that motivated them to undertake such a voyage were varied: for painters such as Jakob Philip Hackert, it is a station on the way to Italy that gives them a foretaste of the peninsula. Johann Georg von Dillis and Ludwig Richter go to the South of France at the beginning of the nineteenth century as part of princely travels. Then, in the middle of the century, Johann Wilhelm Schirmer makes the conscious decision of touring Provence in search of natural scenery different from Italy’s. The present study aims to establish a body of work documenting the presence of German artists in the South of France, and also to identify what motivated the journey, in order to demonstrate how their perception of Provence evolved from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. The aim is to analyze the place of this region in artistic, cultural and literary history, and to identify the visual and literary sources that German artists could rely on during their voyage. The different case studies serve to demonstrate the evolution of the Germanic artistic gaze on Provence, and to illustrate the difficult entry of this territory into the canons of the period, which is particularly notable in the context of German painting
49
Shan, Chuan. "Générateur distribué d'horloge pour puces globalement et localement synchrones de grande taille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066623.pdf.
Анотація:
Cette thèse aborde le problème de la synchronisation globale de grand système sur puce (SoC). Il est centré sur l'étude d'une technique de remplacement de la distribution d'horloge classique et d'une communication asynchrone. Il permet la mise en œuvre de circuit synchrone très fiable. Mon projet de thèse vise à étudier et mettre en œuvre un vaste réseau (10x10) de boucle à verrouillage de phase tous numérique (ADPLL), contenant 100 nœuds générant une horloge pour chaque circuit numérique local. Le prototype a été réalisé sur les horloges de génération de silicium dans la gamme de 903-1161 MHz. Elle met en évidence une erreur de phase maximale de moins de 40 ps entre deux horloges dans toutes les zones voisines. Un autre résultat important est l'analyse de l'erreur de phase entre les deux oscillateurs non-voisins dans la distance. En étudiant un prototype FPGA du réseau, on a obtenu que l'erreur de phase maximale à l'état d'équilibre entre un signal d'horloge et le signal de référence est inférieur à trois étapes des étapes de quantification PFD. Afin de valider les performances de la synchronisation dans ASIC, nous avons conçu un circuit d'une erreur de mesure sur la puce d'horloge. Ce circuit a un taux faible de la lecture hors puce (quelques MHz), et une résolution élevée (+ -2,5 ps). Reconfiguration constitue une autre caractéristique intéressante. Nous avons exploré cette fonction et a proposé une nouvelle topologie avec des configurations différentes pour les nœuds sur la frontière et dans le noyau du réseau. Cette topologie présente un avantage en interdisant la propagation des erreurs de phase et de réflexionThis thesis addresses the problem of global synchronization of large system on chip (SoC). It focuses on the study of an alternative clock generation technique to conventional clock distribution and asynchronous communication. It allows implementation of highly reliable synchronous circuit. My PhD project aims to study and implement a large network (10x10) of all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL), containing 100 nodes generating a clock for each local digital circuitry. The prototype was implemented on silicon generating clocks in the range 903-1161 MHz. It highlights a maximum phase error of less than 40 ps between two clocks in any neighboring zones. Another important result is the analysis of phase error between two non-neighboring oscillators in distance. By studying an FPGA prototype of the network, we obtained that maximum phase error at steady state between any clock signal and the reference signal is less than three steps of the PFD quantification steps. In order to validate the performance of synchronization in ASIC, we designed an on-chip clocking error measurement circuit. This circuit has a low rate for the off-chip readout (several MHz), and a high resolution (+-2.5 ps). Reconfigurability is another attractive feature. We have explored this feature and proposed a novel topology with different configurations for nodes on the border and in the kernel of the network. This topology has an advantage in prohibiting phase error propagation and reflection
50
Sail, Yacine. "Les tours dans l'agglomération parisienne depuis 1960 : projets et réalisations." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010668.
Анотація:
Le présent travail concerne l'étude historique et l'analyse architecturale de la tour à Paris et son agglomération. La définition du type architectural, le recensement et le tri des édifices correspondants constituent une phase essentielle de ce travail. Ce dernier s'articule sur deux grandes parties pour aboutir à une compréhension de l'évolution de l'édification de la tour architecturale dans le milieu urbain de Paris et son agglomération. I - L'étude historique qui s'étale sur deux chapitres apporte d'une part un éclairage sur l'évolution historique de la tour sur un plan international et d'autre part une chronologie de la tour à Paris et son agglomération qui se base de prime abord sur l'observation directe de l'objet d'étude. II - L'analyse architecturale se focalise, l'espace d'un chapitre, sur la notion d'image en tant qu'interface d'une part entre l'usager et la tour et d'autre part entre la tour et le tissu urbain à différentes échelles environnementales. L'utilisation de l'image jette les bases d'une étude comparative des tours à Paris et son agglomération avec des références architecturales internationales.