Готові списки джерел за темами / Grafted wool

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Grafted wool"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Grafted wool"

1

McCloghry, C. E., D. E. Hollis, K. A. Raphael, R. C. Marshall, A. Foldes, J. P. Kennedy, and P. C. Wynn. "Wool follicles initiate, develop and produce wool fibres in ovine fetal skin grafts." Journal of Agricultural Science 121, no. 2 (October 1993): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600077121.

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SUMMARYResearch into the mechanisms that control the initiation and development of wool follicles has been severely hampered by the inaccessibility of fetal skin in utero. The aims of this study were to determine whether ovine fetal skin, when grafted onto the athymic nude mouse (nu/nu), could be maintained outside the uterine environment and, if so, whether it would retain its ability to initiate and develop wool follicles capable of producing wool fibres.Skin was removed from the mid-side region of ovine fetuses on days 45, 55, 65, 75, 85 and 95 of gestation, and transferred to graft beds prepared on anaesthetized nude mice. After developing for 20 days on the recipients, the grafts were excised for histological examination. Control ovine fetal skin was also obtained at the above times and from fetuses on days 105 and 115, and similarly processed for histological examination.Fetal skin at all ages was successfully grafted onto nude mice; 90% of all grafts were accepted and maintained by the recipients. Follicle initiation and/or development occurred in all grafts, including those formed from day 45 fetal skin, collected and grafted prior to follicle initiation in vivo. The number of follicles in grafted skin was reduced compared to that in control fetal skin of equivalent age; however, follicle development was generally accelerated. Follicle initiation and development occurred predominantly in the peripheral zone of the grafts. Some of the follicles present in the skin at grafting were lost due to the grafting procedure, while others continued to develop and produce wool fibres. Follicle development varied considerably between grafts. All grafted skin exhibited premature loss of the periderm layer and cornification of the epidermis, probably in response to the exposure of the skin surface to the atmosphere. There was a notable absence of both arrector pili muscles and sweat glands associated with graft follicles, and a retardation of sebaceous gland development.The grafting technique developed in this study has enabled ovine fetal skin to be maintained outside the uterine environment for extended periods of time and may provide an improved means for future investigation of wool follicle initiation and development.
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2

McCloghry, CE, DE Hollis, A. Foldes, AJ Rintoul, P. Baker, JD Vaughan, CA Maxwell, JP Kennedy, and PC Wynn. "The effects of exogenous melatonin and prolactin on wool follicle development in ovine foetal skin grafts." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930993.

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The fleece of the Merino sheep is composed predominantly of wool fibres grown from secondary wool follicles. This study investigates the effects of melatonin and prolactin on the development of secondarv follicles in grafted ovine foetal skin. Skin from day 85 ovine foetuses was grafted onto nude mice, developed for 40 days and then excised. Mice received either 30 8g prolactin ip mouse-1 day-1 (P), one melatonin implant (Regulin�) sc mouse -1 (M), commencing at grafting or no further treatment (C). Wool follicle density and development were assessed in grafted skin and compared with day 125 control foetal skin. Cuticle structure of graft fibres was also examined and compared with those of day 125 foetuses. Total follicle density and the rate of follicle initiation were reduced in the grafts compared with control foetal skin. Total follicle density did not vary significantly between treatments, but the number of derived secondary follicles was greater in grafts from mice receiving prolactin (group P). Follicles in grafted skin were larger, produced medullated fibres, and were not grouped, in comparison with follicles in the control foetal skin. Epidermal thickness was greater in grafts than in control foetal skin. The cuticle structure of graft fibres from all groups was similar to the control wool fibres. These findings indicate that prolactin, but not melatonin, may be involved in the regulation of derived secondary follicle development.
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3

Zhang, Fangjun, Jinping Guan, and Guoqiang Chen. "Performance of Flame Retardant Wool Fabric Grafted with Vinyl Phosphate." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 1 (March 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900105.

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In this paper, a flame retardant dimethyl-2–(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DMMEP) was applied to wool fabrics by the graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS) in water media. FTIR and SEM testing were used to explore the grafting evidence on the fiber surface, the SEM results show chemical deposition on the wool fiber surface and the scales could not be seen clearly. FTIR testing exhibited IR absorption of DMMEP on the wool fiber. Thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and char residue morphology SEM observation show the decomposition mode of wool fabrics and infer the possible flame retardant mechanism. The phosphorus based flame retardant DMMEP was prone to promote more nonflammble char during combustion, and increased add-on of DMMEP produced increased fabric char. With a DMMEP add-on increase from 50% to 100% on the weight of wool fabric, the treated wool fabric demonstrated high flame retardancy with an LOI above 35% which means it can not be ignited with a candle like fire, and could pass the vertical flammability test. DMMEP treatment slightly affected whiteness and moisture regain, but yielded a relatively large decrease in permeability and tensile strength, which should be explored further in later research.
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Hassan, Mohammad Mahbubul, and John Robert McLaughlin. "Multi-functional wool fabrics by graft-copolymerisation with polystyrene sulphonate: their enhanced fire retardancy, mechanical properties, and stain-resistance." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 23 (2018): 18919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03686a.

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5

Di Foggia, Michele, Masuhiro Tsukada, and Paola Taddei. "Vibrational Study on Structure and Bioactivity of Protein Fibers Grafted with Phosphorylated Methacrylates." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 6487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216487.

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In the last decades, silk fibroin and wool keratin have been considered functional materials for biomedical applications. In this study, fabrics containing silk fibers from Bombyx mori and Tussah silk fibers from Antheraea pernyi, as well as wool keratin fabrics, were grafted with phosmer CL and phosmer M (commercial names, i.e., methacrylate monomers containing phosphate groups in the molecular side chain) with different weight gains. Both phosmers were recently proposed as flame retarding agents, and their chemical composition suggested a possible application in bone tissue engineering. IR and Raman spectroscopy were used to disclose the possible structural changes induced by grafting and identify the most reactive amino acids towards the phosmers. The same techniques were used to investigate the nucleation of a calcium phosphate phase on the surface of the samples (i.e., bioactivity) after ageing in simulated body fluid (SBF). The phosmers were found to polymerize onto the biopolymers efficiently, and tyrosine and serine underwent phosphorylation (monitored through the strengthening of the Raman band at 1600 cm−1 and the weakening of the Raman band at 1400 cm−1, respectively). In grafted wool keratin, cysteic acid and other oxidation products of disulphide bridges were detected together with sulphated residues. Only slight conformational changes were observed upon grafting, generally towards an enrichment in ordered domains, suggesting that the amorphous regions were more prone to react (and, sometimes, degrade). All samples were shown to be bioactive, with a weight gain of up to 8%. The most bioactive samples contained the highest phosmers amounts, i.e., the highest amounts of phosphate nucleating sites. The sulphate/sulphonate groups present in grafted wool samples appeared to increase bioactivity, as shown by the five-fold increase of the IR phosphate band at 1040 cm−1.
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6

Meng, Xiang-Ying. "Chemical and mechanical properties of butyl methacrylate grafted wool fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 91, no. 6 (2004): 3813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13567.

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7

Elangovan, V. J., and S. Saccubai. "Chemical and mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate-grafted wool fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44, no. 12 (April 25, 1992): 2179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441214.

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8

Kreševič Vraz, Silva, and Bojana Vončina. "Wool Fabric Treated With Eco – Friendly Insect Repellent." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2845.

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In the research work presented, fabric made of wool was grafted with β-cyclodextrine (β-CD) using 1, 2, 3, 4 butanetetracarboxlic acid (BTCA) as a polyfunctional reagent. To reduce the grafting curing temperature, which could damage the wool fabric if too high, cyanamide (CA) in combination with ammonium dihydrogen phosphat (ADHP) were used as catalysts. The presence of cedar oil applied onto textile materials was determined by ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as estimation of the add-on of cedar oil with the gravimetric approach, respectively. Finally the reduction in moths after being exposed to wool treated with a separate treatment formulation i.e. β-CD, cedar oil, and β-CD in combination with cedar oil was assessed visually after different time periods. Results showed that the wool after being treated with β-CD in combination with cedar oil shows significantly prolonged moth oppression activity compared to the wool treated with cedar oil only.
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9

Wang, Shuhua, Wensheng Hou, Liqiao Wei, Husheng Jia, Xuguang Liu, and Bingshe Xu. "Antibacterial activity of nano-SiO2 antibacterial agent grafted on wool surface." Surface and Coatings Technology 202, no. 3 (December 2007): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.012.

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10

Zhang, Hui, Zhenwei Yang, and Xingtao Zhang. "A One-step Process for the Modification of Wool Fibers with Titanate Tetrabutyl by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Method." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-02-2014-b004.

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In this paper, wool fibers are modified with titanate tetrabutyl by coating and grafting titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles under low temperature hydrothermal conditions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are used as the characterization techniques. It is found that anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with crystal sizes smaller than 10 nm can be synthesized and simultaneously grafted onto fiber surfaces. In comparison with pristine wool fibers, the thermal stability for the TiO2-coated wool fibers is slightly changed. The ability to block ultraviolet radiation is improved. The volume density is slightly increased. The tensile properties are enhanced, while the crimp properties worsened. A photocatalytic degradation process of methylene blue dye and a decoloration rocess of chlorophyll are developed.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Grafted wool"

1

Königsmann, Martin. "Modification of Wood Surfaces via controlled Polymerization Methods." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4BA-1.

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Книги з теми "Grafted wool"

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Wenckebach, Ludwig Oswald, and Willem Oswald Wenckebach. Grafiek van een beeldhouwer: De houtsneden van Oswald Wenckebach. Noordwijk aan Zee: Museum Noordwijk, 2014.

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2

Nieuwenkamp, Wijnand Otto Jan, 1874-1950 and Heijbroek, J. F., 1949- editor, eds. W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp: Bouwstoffen, toegepaste grafiek & illustraties. Amsterdam: Stichting Museum W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp, 2016.

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3

Cushing, Kenneth R. Isinglass, timber, and wool: A history of the town of Grafton, New Hampshire. Grafton, N.H: K.R. Cushing, 1992.

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4

Der Betstuhl des Grafen Eberhard V. von Württemberg in der Amanduskirche zu Bad Urach. München: Kommissionsverlag, Tuduv-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986.

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5

Nau, Elisabeth. Der Betstuhl des Grafen Eberhard V. von Württemberg (1459-1496) in der Amanduskirche zu Bad Urach. [Stuttgart?: E. Nau, 1985.

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6

Lewis, WJ, and DMcE Alexander. Grafting and Budding. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096240.

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Grafting and Budding is a comprehensive and clearly written, practical guide to all of the grafting and budding techniques any professional or home gardener is likely to need. The book begins with a brief history of the subject, explains how grafting works and shows why it is now the preferred technique for propagating most commercial plants. It then describes the basics of budding, grafting and multi-grafting and presents step-by-step instructions for making the special cuts used in grafting and budding. Advice is also given on the selection of scion wood, the preparation of rootstocks and the after-care of grafted plants. The methods of budding and grafting are explained in fine detail, including T-budding, chip budding and patch budding, the splice graft, wedge graft, whip and tongue graft, side graft, bark graft and approach graft, the grafting of herbaceous plants and machine bench grafting. More than 60 sketches and photographs are included to help illustrate various aspects of the skill of grafting. New to this edition are sections covering the preferred methods of propagation for Australian natives such as eucalypts, banksias, hakeas and grevilleas; cacti; conifers; general deciduous ornamentals; black passionfruit; roses and tomatoes, making it an indispensable addition to any avid gardener’s bookshelf.
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Частини книг з теми "Grafted wool"

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Kokta, Bohuslav V., Famakan Dembélé, and Claude Daneault. "Use of Grafted Wood Fibers in Thermoplastic Composites V. Polystyrene." In Renewable-Resource Materials, 85–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2205-4_7.

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2

Narayan, Ramani, and Margaret Shay. "Graft Copolymerization onto Cellulose Acetate and Wood Using Anionic Polymerization." In Renewable-Resource Materials, 137–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2205-4_12.

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3

Zhang, Lei, and Jian-Jun Hu. "Transgenic poplar gene flow monitoring in China." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 56–70. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0004.

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Abstract Poplar is cultivated widely for pulpwood, firewood, and timber. Transgenic poplar may be part of a solution for wood demand in China. Because transgene escape is an important part of ecological security evaluation of transgenic plants, in this chapter we discuss a real transgenic poplar case study. In this case study, mature transgenic male Populus nigra plants harbored a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene (i.e. Bt poplar). A plantation of these plants served as a testbed for a relevant example for gene flow monitoring in China. Furthermore, we discuss environmental risk assessment (ERA) of these transgenic plants. While transgenes can drift to related species through natural and controlled pollination, the probability of transgene drift appears to be very low in the field. The resultantBt poplar seeds occurred at a frequency from about 0.15% at 0 m to about 0.02% at 500 m away from the Bt poplar. The Bt poplar progeny seeds had decreased germination within 3 weeks in the field (from 68% to 0%), compared with the 48% germination rate after 3 weeks at 4°C. The survival rate of seedlings in the field was 0% without any treatments, but increased to 1.7% under four combined treatments (clean and trim, watering, weeding, and cover with plastic to retain moisture) after being seeded in the field for 8 weeks. Hybrid offspring appeared to possess segregated traits following artificially controlled pollination. While hybrids of transgenic poplar and non-transgenic poplar can be excellent germplasm, gene flow should be monitored. Transgene expression in grafted scion and rootstock of transgenic poplar is reviewed. The transgenic poplar studied appears to be safe; no ecological or environmental harm has been observed in China.
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Belabess, Zineb, Nabil Radouane, Tourya Sagouti, Abdessalem Tahiri, and Rachid Lahlali. "A Current Overview of Two Viroids Prevailing in Citrus Orchards: Citrus Exocortis Viroid and Hop Stunt Viroid." In Citrus [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95914.

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Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) are the main viroids circulating in all citrus-growing areas worldwide, and causing two well-known diseases on citrus trees; exocortis and cachexia, respectively. These viroids are small, covalently closed single-stranded RNA, allocated to the Pospiviroidae family. CEVd is the first viroid being described on citrus trees in 1948 in California. It is considered the largest citrus viroid at 371 nucleotides. It causes bark scaling disorder on the rootstock of citrus trees grafted on trifoliate orange and its hybrids and can cause dwarfing of trees grown on these rootstocks. HSVd was first observed in 1945 in Florida. It consists of 299 nucleotides. Stunting, chlorosis, bark gumming, stem pitting, decline, and depressions in the wood are the main symptoms of HSVd in mandarin and its hybrids. The introduction and propagation of infected budwoods are the main causes of viroids spread in citrus orchards. These agents are mechanically sap-transmissible and spread by contaminated tools. Neither seed transmission nor vectors have been reported for both viroids. Root transmission, though possible, would be overshadowed by mechanical transmission. Rapid and sensitive molecular-based detection methods specific to both viroids are available. Both diseases are controlled by using viroids-free budwoods for new plantations, launching budwood certification programs, and establishing a quarantine system for new citrus varieties introduction. The most important achievements in CEVd and HSVd researches are outlined in this chapter. This would help to provide a clearer understanding of the diseases they cause and contribute to the development of better control strategies.
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Kerrouche, Djamila, Nabila Rouba, and Vincent Chaleix. "Chemical Modification of Xylan." In Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94208.

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Our study is part of the general context of valuing by-products from the wood industry, which consists of the chemical modification of xylan by synthesis of branched copolymers such as xylan-g-PLLA. The used xylan is extracted from chestnut and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is the catalyst. In fact, the synthesis of xylan-graft-poly (L-lactide) copolymer starting from natural and renewable resource products xylan and L-lactide is performed under different conditions. The results of the grafting reaction are unfavorable due to longer time because of depolymerization reactions. Another result is the solubility and insolubility of the copolymers synthesized in water. This first result indicates that there is a change in the properties of xylan. Moreover, the solubility of the xylan-g-PLLA copolymers is different from one study to another. Grafting of PLLA onto xylan was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1HNMR analyzes. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the xylan-g-PLLA plastic materials have interesting thermomechanical properties.
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6

Liying, Guo. "Synthesis of Ionic Liquids, Solubility for Wood and Its Application for Graft Copolymer with Acrylamide." In Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/14082.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Grafted wool"

1

Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao, and Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.

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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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