Дисертації з теми "Government spending policy Indonesia"
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Yilmaz, Sakir Devrim. "Productive government spending fiscal policy and growth." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499867.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Siu-fun Cynthia, and 陳笑芬. "Asian crisis: Indonesia and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951855.
Повний текст джерелаJones, Tod. "Indonesian cultural policy, 1950-2003: culture, institutions, government." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/403.
Повний текст джерелаVan, der Hilst Alan. "The institutional and political determinants of supplemental spending legislation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7451.
Повний текст джерелаJones, Tod. "Indonesian Cultural policy, 1950-2003 : culture, institutions, government /." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Media and Information, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16663.
Повний текст джерелаThe Japanese administration was the first government to address a national population. Relations among indigenous ethnic populations and between ethnicity and the nation were addressed in cultural policy from 1956 and were central to cultural policy throughout the New Order era. Part II of the thesis consists of two case studies of cultural programs in the New Order and Reform eras: (1) the arts councils and cultural parks and (2) a cultural research project. It explores New Order centralism, demonstrating the heterogeneity between different levels of the state and how governmental goals imbued particular practices and objects with special significance and meaning by constructing them as culture. Cultural policy in the post-Suharto period is addressed in both Parts I and II. While the practices of the New Order era are generally continuing, decentralisation created the possibility of a plurality of cultural policies across Indonesia, as lower levels of government are responsible for administering cultural policy. Decentralisation could result in a more participatory cultural policy as more cultural practices are addressed or a narrowing of cultural policy if conservative ethnic identity politics drives changes.
Trani, Brett. "Crises, consensus, and conviction : the core executive and the institutionalisation of British efficiency reforms." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225335.
Повний текст джерелаMcGovern, Robert F. "Federal Deficit Spending and Partisanship: An Economic Analysis." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1197410777.
Повний текст джерелаPrasetyia, Ferry [Verfasser]. "Government Policy and Education Performance: Insight from Indonesia / Ferry Prasetyia." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188347349/34.
Повний текст джерелаHaug, Alfred A. ""Ricardian equivalence or debt illusion : empirical studies"." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267621324.
Повний текст джерелаPitt, Brian A. "Social welfare and the public opinion of government spending moving beyond the self-interest - symbolic politics dichotomy /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 79 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597633361&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаOlds, Eric H. "Net State and Local Government Expenditure: A Better Link between Expenditure and the Tax Burden?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OldsEH2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Tung-hao. "Optimal public debt policy under uncertainty : a new classical approach /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726702499746.
Повний текст джерелаDjamhari, Choirul. "Privatization of state controlled enterprises in Indonesia (1983-1993) : policy and practice." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42015.
Повний текст джерелаFive types of data were collected during three separate field work stages from July 1991 to October 1995: State policy analysis, direct observation, analysis of the statistical data, analysis of mass media and personal interviews with key individuals. This triangulation method is employed to ensure a greater presentation of the key elements that deserve to be explored.
The principal argument developed throughout this study is that despite the apparent needs for privatization due to the fiscal difficulties and inefficiencies of the SCEs operations, the Indonesian state seems to be reluctant to transfer ownership to the private sector. In the case at hand, the pursuit of privatization is largely a political decision. Transferring ownership would require an overhaul of the present development policy, a huge step that Indonesian state is not ready to take. Instead, the priority has been given to reform the state sector by improving the efficiency and productivity of SCEs operations, and by isolating SCEs from the rent seeking behaviours of government bureaucrats. This tendency, as this study demonstrates, is explained by a deepening direct state involvement in the economy. This study shows that the Indonesian state has expanded its roles in the economy to include not only regulator, facilitator and stabilizer, but also that direct participant as a competitor to the private sector. Consequently, being kept under tight state control, has caused Indonesian SCEs to operate in a highly regulated environment. This environment has resulted in SCEs tendency to become instrument of development and, therefore has prevented them from becoming efficient and productive business entities.
Li, Yuen-yee Angel. "Trading funds : an analysis of developments and results /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508344.
Повний текст джерелаKim, Jae-Hoon. "An empirical analysis on the relationship between public capital and aggregate output : case of Korea 1970-2001 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418039.
Повний текст джерелаIqbal, Kazi. "Essays on intergenerational allocation of public spending, growth and optimal taxation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7435.
Повний текст джерелаPrawiradinata, Muhamad Salmun. "Stability, elites and development policy in the new order Indonesia 1966-1983." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111321.
Повний текст джерелаSuwartini, Endang. "Welfare implications of policy-induced structural changes on the Indonesian poultry industry." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26156.
Повний текст джерелаIt is found that structural change induced by the restructuring policy shows a negative impact on the output supplied and welfare of society. Welfare losses are estimated for different levels in the marketing system namely producer, wholesaler and retail levels. Eighty percent of the losses are shared approximately equally by producers and consumers with the remaining twenty percent borne by the marketing sector.
Phillips, Justin H. "The political economy of state tax policy : the effects of electoral outcomes, market competition, and political institutions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3191999.
Повний текст джерелаKo, Myeong Chul. "The Effects of Community Quality of Life on Local Policy Decisions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28673.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Wahyudi, Bambang Slamet. "An analysis of selected government programs to increase rice production in Indonesia." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9886.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Yuen-yee Angel, and 李婉兒. "Trading funds: an analysis of developments and results." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965015.
Повний текст джерелаHaug, Alfred A. (. "Ricardian equivalence or debt illusion : empirical studies /." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1267621324.
Повний текст джерелаNiessen, Nicole. "Municipal government in Indonesia : policy, law and practice of decentralization and urban spatial planning /." Leiden : Research School CNWS, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37683501g.
Повний текст джерелаMacCuish, Derek. "Ethics and the formation of foreign policy : a case study of Canadian government policy toward Indonesia, 1970-1990." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39999.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWibisono, Makarim. "The political economy of the Indonesian textile industry under the New Order government." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20920285.html.
Повний текст джерелаMyrick, Darrell Royster. "The effect of the voting franchise on public policy decision making and provincial government spending for HIV/AIDS." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-173701/.
Повний текст джерелаNåbo, Axel, and Oscar Wahlgren. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inflation : A panel data analysis on government spending and the price level." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53086.
Повний текст джерелаTownsend, Jacqueline Michelle. "Managerial reforms within the United States government." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2881.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Weonho. "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7629.
Повний текст джерелаElk, Robert E. "A study of the effects of the Southeast Asian intrusive power system on the foreign policy of Indonesia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64076.
Повний текст джерелаMdlazi, David Thembalikayise Francis. "An appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support transition in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51590.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study is devoted to the determination of an appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support a transforming South Africa. Given the challenges and opportunities presented by the new political dispensation, both locally and abroad, the evolution of financial management and budgeting systems is analysed. Specifically, elements of each budgetary system that stood the test of time to the present, are studied. International case studies of countries that have undergone (or are undergoing) the transformation process successfully, or otherwise, are fully discussed to serve as invaluable lessons and experience for South Africa on its quest for a smooth and swift transformation, to prevent it from ending up as just another unsuccessful transformation. This then serves as a broad foundation for an appropriate financial management and budgeting system which is proactive in the transformation process. South Africa will not reinvent the wheel. Unlike other countries that waited for transformation problems to fall upon them, the South African financial management and budgeting system manipulates the financial management policies. It achieves this by broadly defining the objectives to be achieved through prioritisation and reprioritisation, formulate clear strategies for shortterm, medium-term and long-term plans, goals, processes, functions and activities. It applies all the positive elements of input-orientated systems, activity/ performance measuring systems, objective/goal-orientated system, medium term expenditure framework and multi-year budgets studied and drawn from lessons and experience of other countries. South Africa's appropriate financial management and budgeting system is a broad crosswalk model vacillating between all systems from a broad definition of objectives, goals, processes and activities ending up with a strong financial management tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dié studie word gewy aan die daarstelling van 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur en Begrotingstelsel om 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika te ondersteun. Teen die agtergrond van die uitdagings daargestel deur die nuwe politieke bestel word die revolusie van finansiële bestuur- en begrotingstelsels plaaslik en in die buiteland ontleed en in perspektief geplaas. Meer spesifiek is die elemente van elke begrotingstelsel wat die toets van die tyd deurstaan het, bestudeer. Internasionale studies van lande wat die veranderingsproses suksesvol ondergaan het (of tans daarmee besig is), of andersins, word volledig bespreek om as 'n onskatbare les en ondervinding vir Suid-Afrika in sy soektog na 'n gladde en vinnige transformasie te dien en om te verhoed dat dit op net nog 'n onsuksesvolle transformasie uitloop. Dit dien dan as 'n breë grondslag vir 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel wat proaktief in die Suid-Afrikaanse transformasieproses is. Suid-Afrika sal nie die wiel kan heruitvind nie. Anders as in ander lande wat op transformasieprobleme gewag het om hulle te tref, kan die Suid- Afrikaanse Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsels finansiële bestuursbeleid pro-aktief ondersteun. Dit word bewerkstellig deur 'n omvattende bepaling van die mikpunte wat bereik moet word deur priorisering en herpriorisering van planne, doelwitte, prosesse, funksies en aktiwiteite op die kort, medium en lang termyn. Dit is moontlik indien al die positiewe elemente van verskillende finansiële bestuur- en begrotingsteiseis, soos bestudeer in en geleer uit ander lande se ondervindings toegepas word. Suid-Afrika se Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel behels 'n breë omvattende model wat put uit al die stelsels wat 'n bepaling van doelstellings, mikpunte, prosesse en aktiwiteite bevat ten einde te eindig met 'n sterk Finansiële Bestuurswerktuig.
Al-Mazrouei, Saleh Jathlan. "Cutting governments spending: An analysis of the budget cuts within the Federal Government of the United States and the United Arab Emirates." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1963.
Повний текст джерелаLombo, Nomachule. "Assessment of government spending austerity measures in on-site school support for curriculum delivery: a case of Idutywa Education District." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2038.
Повний текст джерелаMenendez, Gonzalez Irene. "The politics of compensation under trade : openness, economic geography and spending." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7974d14a-b88d-46a3-99aa-553dc85a9192.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Dongjin. "Legacies and Incentives:Explaining Variation in Local Healthcare Expenditure Variation in Post-Mao China." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1343052167.
Повний текст джерелаEmler, Jay Scott. "How to fund homeland security without federal dollars : state and local funding of homeland security initiatives in light of decreased support by the federal government /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FEmler.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available in print.
Endegnanew, Yehenew Gualu. "Essays on Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries and Microstates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120545.
Повний текст джерелаFiscal policy in the context of developing countries remains a relatively under explored area in the literature. This thesis is an attempt to address three important areas in the literature on fiscal policy in developing countries, namely, the short-run effects of fiscal policy, the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy, and the link between fiscal policy and the current account. The first part of the thesis assesses the effects of government spending shocks on the economy of developing countries. I use a recent Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) technique where identification is achieved via sign restrictions. The identification scheme applies the restrictions that government spending shocks are the only shocks that raise government spending, output, deficit and tax revenue in the impact period. I gather data on 9 countries and employ the above outlined technique. The results show that an increase in government spending would lead to a short-lived expansion of output and consumption, an immediate deterioration of net exports, and an appreciation or no effect on exchange rates. Moreover, the calculated output multipliers give values that are greater than one for all but one country in the impact period. The results suggest a fiscal stimulus could have expansionary effects on output and consumption, however these effects would be short-lived. In the second part of the thesis, I consider the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries. In the literature, there exist two competing plausible explanations. One espouses the view that procyclical fiscal policy is a result of lack of financial integration with the world economy while the other view attributes it to weak institutions within the country. I analyze, by taking into consideration the different states of the economy, the role of financial openness and quality of institutions on the ability of countries to conduct counter-cyclical fiscal policy. I develop a multiplicative panel regression model with interactive terms and use data from 109 countries. The analysis shows during good times the quality of institutions has a dominant role to play in the cyclicality of fiscal policy, and during bad times both financial integration and institutions are important in the ability of countries to run counter-cyclical fiscal policy. The third and last part of the thesis, coauthored with Charles Amo-Yartey and Therese Turner Jones, examines the empirical link between fiscal policy and the current account focusing on microstates. Microstates are defined as countries with a population of less than 2 million between 1970 and 2009. Due to microstates being characterized by special features such as small size of domestic markets, small domestic resource base, high degree of openness and large size of the public sector, among others, findings from other countries may not be applicable to such states. In this part, panel regression and Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) are employed to estimate the impact of fiscal policy on the current account in microstates. Overall, the results suggest that the weak relative price effect makes fiscal adjustment much more difficult in microstates.
Sitanggang, Luciana. "Ecotourism management plan for Riung." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs623.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKagundu, Paul. "The Quality of Governance, Composition of Public Expenditures, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07192006-184035/.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from title screen. Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, committee chair; James R. Alm, Roy W. Bahl, Mary Beth Walker, Neven T. Valev, Martin F. Grace, committee members. Electronic text (150 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewedAug. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-148).
ANDARI, WIPSAR ASWI DINA TRI, and n/a. "CRISIS MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT TOURISM PUBLIC POLICY AFTER THE FIRST AND SECOND BALI BOMBINGS." University of Canberra. Business & Government, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081107.104034.
Повний текст джерелаNdaleni, Phumla. "Enhancing financial accountability in the acquisition of goods and services : the case of the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Safety and Liaison." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020657.
Повний текст джерелаKlyvienė, Violeta. "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141010_115047-23680.
Повний текст джерелаDisertacijoje tiriama fiskalinės politikos įtaka Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos makroekonominiam stabilumui. Disertacijos tikslas – nustatyti Baltijos šalių mokesčių ir fiskalinės politikos įtaką ekonominiams procesams ir kiekybiškai įvertinti fiskalinės politikos priemonių poveikį makroekonominiams rodikliams. Šiame darbe buvo tirti svarbiausių fiskalinės politikos priemonių – pagrindinių mokesčių, valdžios sektoriaus investicijų ir visų išlaidų poveikis BVP, užimtiesiems, investicijoms ir palūkanų normoms. Pasitelkus vieną populiariausių fiskalinės politikos efektams tirti taikomų metodų – struktūrinius vektorinius autoregresinius modelius (SVAR) – buvo prieita prie tokių išvadų: skirtingų mokesčių šokai nevienodai veikia Baltijos šalių makroekonominius rodiklius. Darbo mokesčių didinimas neigiamai veikia BVP ir užimtumą visose ekonomikose; bet netiesioginių mokesčių didinimas teigiamai veikia BVP Latvijoje ir Estijoje, ir tik Lietuvoje poveikis yra neigiamas. Tik Lietuvoje buvo gauti stabilūs rezultatai apie neigiamą pelno mokesčių poveikį ekonomikai. Latvijoje ir Estijoje poveikio efektai varijuoja priklausomai nuo SVAR modelio kintamųjų sudėties. Rezultatai rodo, kad valdžios sektoriaus išlaidų didinimas lemia BVP, užimtumo ir tiesioginių investicijų mažėjimą Lietuvoje ir Estijoje. Latvijoje neigiama poveikio įtaka yra mažiau reikšminga. Kita vertus, valdžios sektoriaus investicijos turi teigiamą poveikį ekonomikos procesams visose trijose ekonomikose. Palūkanų normos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Yuniarto, Yusuf. "The impact of government housing policy on the spatial distribution of new formal housing areas : the case of Jabotabek metropolitan fringe areas, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357066.
Повний текст джерелаLove, Kaleen E. "The politics of gender in a time of change : gender discourses, institutions, and identities in contemporary Indonesia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7aea965-c1aa-43b0-bc76-3bc743e90879.
Повний текст джерелаRifai, Amzulian. "Socio-legal aspects of land disputes in relation to oil palm plantation activities : the case of South Sumatra." Monash University, Faculty of Law, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7638.
Повний текст джерелаGuo, Hai. "Setting Discretionary Fiscal Policy within the Limits of Budgetary Institutions: Evidence from American State Governments." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24738.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Willoughby, Katherine; Committee Member: Eger, Robert; Committee Member: Kingsley, Gordon; Committee Member: Sjoquist, David; Committee Member: Wallace, Sally.
Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.
Повний текст джерела"Composition of government spending, capital accumulation, and welfare." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890821.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (English) --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Table of contents --- p.iv
Chapter Chapter1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.8
Chapter Chapter2
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9
Chapter 2.2 --- The Model --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- Effects of government expenditure --- p.11
Chapter 2.4 --- Summary
Chapter Chapter3
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- The Model --- p.16
Chapter 3.3 --- The capital mobile case --- p.21
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.25
Chapter Chapter4
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.27
Chapter 4.2 --- The Model --- p.27
Chapter 4.3 --- Dynamics --- p.33
Chapter 4.4 --- Current Account Balance --- p.35
Chapter 4.5 --- Comparative Statics --- p.36
Chapter 4.6 --- Welfare --- p.38
Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.41
Chapter Chapter5
Conclusion --- p.43
Appendix --- p.46
Reference --- p.52
Mlilo, Mthokozisi. "The economics of government spending: an institutional approach." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29827.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the role of institutional quality on the impact of government expenditure on economic performance. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction of the thesis. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are empirical chapters examining the role of institutions on the relationship between government expenditure and various indicators of economic performance. Chapter 5 concludes by giving policy recommendations. In chapter 1 we provide a background, motivation, objectives, hypothesis to be tested, gaps in the literature, contributions of the study and the main findings. In chapter 2 we explore how institutional quality affects the government spending-output growth nexus. We estimate a modified growth accounting model found in Hansson and Henrekson (1994) and control for institutional quality by employing panel regression techniques on a panel of 71 countries over a period 1970-2015. Our main estimation technique, 3SLS with seemingly unrelated errors, is able to control for endogeneity and cross equation correlation. We find that the institutional quality variable has a mitigating effect on the relationship between government expenditure and output growth however, government expenditure generally has a negative and detrimental effect on output growth. This suggests that better institutional quality offsets the adverse effects of government expenditure. As such, there is a need to come up with policies that strengthen institutional quality and enhance the effectiveness of government expenditure programs. Chapter 3 we examine the role of institutions on the optimal size of the government. The quadratic method of Armey (1995) and Scully (1994) method are employed on the country (time series regression) and group (panel data regression) estimations. Furthermore, we use the Hansen (1999) panel threshold regression technique to determine the presence of an optimal size and the values thereof. We ascertain that the majority of countries do have a significant optimal size of government. However, we note that the optimal size of government varies across countries and regions. Despite the presence of a non-linear relationship between government expenditure and output growth, there seems to be a marked difference between the size of government across levels of development and institutional arrangements. Countries with better institutions and higher levels of development seem to have a lower optimal level of government size. Perhaps, better institutions and higher levels of development help mitigate the adverse effects of government expenditure on output growth through the minimisation of the scope and scale of government activities, i.e., government size. Chapter 4 investigates the Twin Deficits Hypothesis (TWDH) and the role of institutional quality on a sample of 48 countries for the period 1995-2013. Using the national income accounting decomposition and the approaches in Feldstein and Horioka (1980) and Fidrmuc (2003) we investigate the role of institutional quality and capital mobility on the current account deficits and the government budget deficits (i.e., TWDH) nexus. We apply OLS, fixed effects, random effects regressions and panel cointegration techniques in our analysis. The results from the panel cointegration tests show that a long run relationship exists between the current account balance, investment and the government budget balance. The results reveal that current account deficits are mainly driven by private investment flows. However, we only find support for the Twin Deficits Hypothesis in a sample of developed countries and higher institutional quality countries. The results imply that governments of these countries enjoy financing from international sources and can easily finance their budget deficits without siphoning domestic savings away from investment. This result is unsurprising considering that capital seems to flow towards areas with perceived less risk. This suggests that current account deficits in developing countries are as a result of private agents’ decisions and not driven by government budget deficits.
PH2020