Дисертації з теми "Gouvernement révolutionnaire"
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Ueng, Meei-Er. "Yu Youren, révolutionnaire, lettré et calligraphe." Paris, INALCO, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INAL0017.
Повний текст джерелаDestouches, Didier. "Du statut colonial au statut départemental : l'administration révolutionnaire en Guadeloupe : 1787-1800." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOD012.
Повний текст джерелаThe history of France's Overseas administration led us to study the sources and the contextual working-out of a particular institutional frame. The initial aim was to gather the surrounding territories to the national territory, especially under the French Revolution. The Island of Guadeloupe was at the center of this process. First, the analysis of the colonial status at the end of the monarchical system of government and the different debates of the revolutionary assemblies were used to put the stress on the passage from the colonial status to the departemental status under the Thermidor Convention that foresaw the local institutional reforms in Guadeloupe. Then the study of the new administrative organization in Guadeloupe and the activity of the State agents delegated to the colony through overseas archives and the departemental archives of Guadeloupe helped us to examine the innovations and the limits of the State colonial reform from the Convention to the Consulat and finally to denounce the lack of coherence between the statuory reforms and the institutional reforms
Kāmrān, Rāmīn. "Le Front national et la révolution iranienne : élite moderne et contrôle du processus révolutionnaire." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100129.
Повний текст джерелаAuthor tries to explain the outcome of the Iranian revolution of 79 using the following guide line: the concentration of political power and its application in Iran since the start of 20th. C. His analysis deals with the various groups of Iranian elites, the extent of their autonomy, the existing relationship between them and their political tendencies. He also endeavors to show, that from the beginning of this c. The traditional elite had lost almost all its influence to the advantage of the autocratic ruling body, without passing on its political role to a group of modern elite, but according to the wishes of the regime, were simply replaced by administrative elite, which had no roots of its own in the society. This metamorphosis reached its peak during the years that followed "land reform" (1962). The only unimpaired group, was the religious elite, whose powers and privileges had had suffered severe blows first by constitutional revolution and later by Reza Shah Pahlavi, but which had gathered considerable momentum after the fall of Reza Shah, without ever achieving the influence it once enjoyed. A power vacancy was created during 78-79 turmoils, as a result of Shah's constant retreat in front of the mounting protests. This situation was exploited by the only organized group, which in the absence of any political party, could act as one and fill up the gap, namely a bunch of fanatics led by Khomainy, who eventually imposed its hegemony on religious elites as well as the rest of the population. Author underlines the fact, that this movement was not due to any religious frustration, nor did it start owing to some sort of dynamism specific to chiism, but that the politicized Islam, that of Khomainy, strengthened as the contestations radicalized. According to the writer, this phenomenon was by no means determined in advance
Ghabaian, Anahita. "Les Fédâi͏̈s : la naissance et le développement de la lutte armée en Iran, 1962-1977 : analyse critique d'un mouvement révolutionnaire du tiers monde." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA07A001.
Повний текст джерелаTuttle, Elizabeth. "Discours puritains et processus révolutionnaire en Angleterre au XVIIe siècle : recherches sur les thèmes religieux dans l'idéologie et la politique pendant la crise révolutionnaire de 1647 à 1649." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010674.
Повний текст джерелаThe documents of the Thomason collection published between 1647 and 1649 are the major source material used in this work. The study is about the relations between the levellers and the sects, and the part played by these groups in the revolutionary crises of the period. Various religious themes develop, and help create a unity of purpose and action ; these ideological factors finally divide the revolutionary movement. The first part of the study shows how the demand for religious toleration plays a major part in the ideology of the sectarian congregations which leads to their collaboration with the levellers and the soldiers at the time of the putney debates in october 1647. The second part outlines the difficulties of this alliance at the time of growing conservative action, and the renaissance of their action during the second civil war. The petitions of the fall of 1648 are analysed and show the growth of new ideological leitmotifs : providence, "the saints" and "the man of blood". The third part studies the revolutionary crisis of 1648-1649 : pride's purge, the whitehall debates, the army petitions and the king's trial, in the light of these new religious themes which mobilize soldiers and "sectaires" against a return of charles I. The last chapters examine the hold over the minds of these groups exercised by these old testament ideas and which explain in part the defeat of the levellers at burford. When the rump parliament accord liberty of conscience to the sects and the government is in the hands of the "saints", the levellers are isolated and their hopes of a republican constitution defeated. Taken as a whole, the thesis is a case study that shows the functions that religious ideas take on during a revolutionary process : first, the very substance of militant enthousiasm, and eventually the break that contributes to the halting of the process. One major concern is always clear behind the various puritan discourses : the state and its repressive role in modern society. The political discourse looses its religious language and images very slowly and haltingly
Kondratieva, Tamara Sergeevna. "L'impact de la Révolution française sur la conscience révolutionnaire en Russie-URSS : itinéraire des analogies." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010560.
Повний текст джерелаQuillet, Renaud. "La gauche républicaine et révolutionnaire dans le département de la Somme : de 1848 au début des années 1920." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0005.
Повний текст джерелаIssartel, Jean-Louis. "Bourg Saint-Andéol, cité carrefour et centre révolutionnaire dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010564.
Повний текст джерелаVery early, Bourg-Saint-Andeol and the middle r=Rhone region took side with the revolution, contrasting with the very close counter-revolutionnary centers, Jalès and the Upper Comtat, and their nearly as pioneering trend. First of all, we'll bring out the factors likely to have an effect on so contradictiory positions at the eve of the revolution: demographic vitality, struggles inside the rural and the urban world that spread of trading economy upsets, intensity and marked colour of social life, progress of the new ideas, "bourguesan" specificity. . . A second part applies to enlight the revolutionary choices for the period 1788-1792. These choices are stamped by the extent and nature of the uprising of the popular classes in 1789 and in 1792; they are built by stages after much hesitation, and marked out by the birth of the national guards federations, the making of the first network of patriotic societies. The third part sets off the assertion of a "southern jacobinism", testing the "anticipations of year two, but soon opposed to the "representants en mission", to the shocks provoked by dechristianization, to more and more acute inner contradictions, and to a strenuous counter-attack of the moderates, foreboding the "thermidor" events. Through a glimpse of the post "thermidorian" period, we'll study the persistence of the revolutionnary engagement
Santalena, Elisa. "La gauche révolutionnaire et la question carcérale : une approche des années 70 italiennes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL032.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis focuses on the prison issue and the revolutionary Left in Italy during the 1970s and 1980s.The prison question becomes central in Italy from the 1970s: these are the years of revolt and mass claims, but also the period of the armed struggle. At that time, the State faces a double problem: first, the necessary reform of the prison system, with prisons in dilapidated state and archaic regulations inherited from the fascist period ; and secondly the rise of extra-parliamentary movements and armed struggle, which are both increasing the prison population.This study aims at analyzing the part played by the prison system during this crisis period in the young Italian Republic, according to several points of view. We analyze, on the one hand, the protest movement of the common criminals who politicize themselves in contact with the young extra-parliamentary people arrested after their demonstrations. On the other hand, we study the soaring revolutionary violence that opposes the State which, in turn, increases the intensity of repression and sets up emergency measures to counter dissidence. This confrontation gives rise to a particularly violent period in which the prison finally takes up a role of political conflict management.Through the description of a varied corpus (newspaper articles, pamphlets, theoretical documents, activists claim, ministerial archives, archives of the prison administration) as well as historical texts and eyewitness accounts, this study raises the more general question of the prison system as a central key to sociopolitical reading of the Italian Seventies and Eighties
Hallez, Xavier. "Communisme national et mouvement révolutionnaire en Orient : parcours croisé de trois leaders soviétiques orientaux (Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, Turar Ryskulov et Elbekdorž Rinčino) dans la consultation d'un nouvel espace géopolitique 1917-1926." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0168.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of my phd is a compared biography of Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev (1892-1940), Turar Ryskulov (1894-1938) and Elbekdorž Rinčino (1885-1937). Through their life, I intend to recount the formation of the soviet system and his evolution from the first days of the 1917 russian revolution until the late tewenties. The geographical area of my work merges with the soviet controled territory and especially : Middle-Volga, Central Asia and Buryatia-Mongolia. The aim of my study is to highlight the structural and functional dimensions of soviet system, emphazing on the dynamics of its construction. The micro-historical approach of the biography helps to understand the society's and administration's internaI functioning, through personnal paths. The characteristic of my work is to involve mongolian and turkic regions and populations, whose issues are different from those of european Russia and of Russians. These kazakh, tatar, buryat and mongol populations are also related to different histories, due to their attachment to muslim, turkic and mongol realm. My study tends to seize the interactions of these elements
Jaheny, Ronan. "Le rôle des combattants dans la prise du pouvoir du Front sandiniste de libération nationale : étude sur le processus révolutionnaire à León, Nicaragua (septembre 1978-août 1979)." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030111.
Повний текст джерелаThe ascension to power and national liberation of Nicaragua by the Sandinista Front in July of 1979 is essentially due to the Front's aptitude in creating and controlling a people's army, and depended on the participation of the combattants recruited in peripheral districts of the country's major cities. In León, the Front brought about the uprising of the city's youth by using an intensive guerilla strategy, to which the National Guard responded with a strategy of complete repression. The revolutionary process is thus characterised by extreme violence on behalf of the belligerent party and by obfuscation on behalf of the moderates. Under both political and social pressure of the victorious combattants, the Sandinista Revolution is the coming to power of a new military authority in the name of collective security
Fouladvind, Leyla. "La femme iranienne dans l'espace public post-révolutionnaire à travers les œuvres des romancières contemporaines (1990-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0009.
Повний текст джерелаRelating to sociology, litterature and women's social status, the goal of this inter-disciplinary research is to analyze the social status of women in post-revolutionary Iran, through the work of eight contemporary novelists (F. Aghayi, T. Alavi, F. Hadj Seyyed Djavadi, Ch. Parsipour, Z. Pirzad, M. Ravanipour, P. Sani'i et F. Vafi) during 15 post-revolutionary years (1990-2005). As the first main part of this thesis, the interest about the private sphere (family, marital and personal privacy) and in the public space (urban, professional and social). In the second part, the detailed study of Iranian women's accessibility to public spaces (to education, to employement and to sozialisation) reveal that the female question, with all its ambivalences, is a major issue in the democratization of the Iranian society. The field of literature opens an area for novelists to express themselves. By playing with the close relationship between reality and fiction they bypass the censorship. With their different approaches, they all describe the socio-political disappointment of the post-revolutionary era. These "intermediate intellectuals", all women and writers, all women and writers at the same time, denounce the "unequal oppression" done against women and nourish the public debate around iconic themes such as democracy, individual freedom, community tolerance, etc. , and actively participate in the education of the civil society
Schefer, Maria Raquel. "La Forme-Evénement : le cinéma révolutionnaire mozambicain et le cinéma de libération." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA101.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation focuses on the filmic representations of the War of Liberation(1964-1974) and of the revolution (1975-1987) in Mozambique, and aims to analyse the aesthetic and political issues of Mozambican revolutionary cinema. To understand this question,the various logics that guided the positions of anti-colonial theory with regard to culture are examined in the first instance, while the State cinema policy and its contradictions are reassessed in the second instance. The filmic representations of these two historical processes were an essential instrument for the construction of national identity, within an epistemic historiographical apparatus. By reconstructing the principles of a culture of transnational liberation, the dissertation intends to consider the political, ideological, and technological conditions which led to the foundation of Mozambique’s National Institute of Cinema (INC) inMarch of 1976, and the orientation that the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) attempted to ascribe to cinema.The identification of three phases of Mozambican revolutionary cinema will highlight the discrepancy between the coexistence of a project for the collectivisation of film production,formal experimentation and the premises of the State programme. The notion of ‘form-event’will allow us to reconcile two dimensions of the aesthetic production: one, which considers art as a reflection; another, which considers it in terms of its outcomes. Through the formal aestheticand historical analysis of a set of singular films produced between 1966 and 1987, we will seekto problematize the positions adopted by the filmmakers, the points of resistance, as well as the succession of contradictory forms of relation between collective, auteur and State cinema. Anarchaeological and critical knowledge of the Mozambican political and cultural programme will emerge from the comprehensive analysis of Ruy Guerra’s Mueda, Memória e Massacre(1979-1980).The dissertation purports to replace Mozambican revolutionary cinema in its historicaland cultural context by drawing a cartography of the Cinema of Liberation in relation to the political situation of the 1960s and 1970s. The concept of ‘Cinema of Liberation’ is sited in a historical, geographical and categorial framework with respect to the history of political, avantgarde,and experimental cinema, and to the history of cinema in general. The analysis of a selection of films will allow us to extensively map the Cinema of Liberation, including the cinema of the Portuguese Revolution (1974-1982) and the ‘state of the form’ of this cinema
Harvey, Alexandra. "Cuba face aux défis de l'époque gorbatchévienne : le début de la fin de la guerre froide et ses implications pour les relations soviéto-cubaines et pour le processus révolutionnaire cubain (1985-1991)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17932.
Повний текст джерелаRosales, Sierra Patricia. "Le processus de révision constitutionnelle au Mexique pendant la période de domination du parti révolutionnaire institutionnel (1929-2000) : Le cas des droits sociaux, articles 27 et 123." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020043.
Повний текст джерелаBelda, Pierre. "D'une décentralisation hésitante à une centralisation vigoureuse : faiblesse et disparition de l'autonomie de la municipalité révolutionnaire lyonnaise : 12 avril 1790 -7 ventôse an IV." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33025.
Повний текст джерелаCailmail, Benoît. "Le mouvement maoïste au Népal, 1949-2008 : la tentation de la révolution internationale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010620/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe CPN, founded in 1949, illustrates perfectly the bonds that tie Nepal to the outside World. The fact that its founders were at first members of the CPI or that the Jhapa Uprising was greatly inspired by the revolution in Naxalbary is one of the many signs of the influence of the Comrnunist Movement in India over its Nepalese counterpart. The CPN was also shaped by the many changes that affected the international communist movement. Though many splits of the CPN were due to interna! disputes, others (such as the split during the Third Congress of the CPN in 1962) were the direct consequence of disagreements within the Socialist bloc. The Nepalese Maoist movement was thus largely influenced by the regional and international cornmunist movement. In the beginning of the l 980's, the Maoists of Nepal ceased to be mere spectators to become full active members of the international revolutionary movement. By participating in the founding congress of the RIM in 1984, Mohan Bikram Singh and his CPN(Masal) gave the Nepalese Maoist movement a whole new dimension. The CPN(M) followed the footsteps of the CPN(Masal) and brought its relationship with the Maoists abroad to new heights. The Protracted People's War started in February 1996 by the CPN(M) enabled it to achieve recognition by its counterparts throughout the World and to become the new voice of the Maoist international revolution
Cartier, Emmanuel. "La transition constitutionnelle en France (1940-1945) : la reconstruction révolutionnaire d'un ordre juridique " républicain "." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010283.
Повний текст джерелаCretin, Sombardier Marie. "Deux pensées constitutionnelles révolutionnaires : Robespierre et Condorcet." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA017.
Повний текст джерелаLike many French revolutionaries, Robespierre and Condorcet wish to break with the Ancien Régime (Old Regime) by acknowledging the natural sovereignty of the people and the natural rights of men. However, as asserted and consistent democrats, they stand out by presenting the need of a representative government, not as an end, but as a provisional step to men’s achievement of freedom and happiness. Convinced of a perfectible human nature, empowering man to become free and happy, the two revolutionaries are led to promote the idea of a perfectible right and a transitional constitution which can connect sovereignty of the people and government to progressive naturalization of institutions and men. The progress in self-constitution of popular sovereignty, supported by its temporary representatives, sets the conditions of society’s empowerment and paves the way to that of the individual by reconciling the State and the society
Aragon, Falomir Jaime. "Les réseaux politiques autour de Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1950-2012). Construction et reproduction des élites au cœur du processus de démocratisation au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA147.
Повний текст джерелаAfter seventy years in power, the Revolutionary Institutional Party (PRI) lost the 2000 federal elections. While this could be considered as a political alternation, it does not signify a complete transformation of the political regime. This thesis proposes a new point of view on the issues of political change. Through a biographical study of the public men around the ex- president Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994), we propose an analysis of the way of constructing a Political Group (1950-1979), as well as the mechanisms and strategies used to grasp power (1979-2000). This accession took place in a particular context of national and international crises as well as a paradigms shift. These actors had succeeded to “deform” the rules of a closed regime, promoting a process of “democratization”, called the “flows of openings”. The members of this political group surrounding that president have lived, since the year 2000, an extraordinary “dissemination” in different sectors (in particular the economic, political and consulting circles). We will be able to identify how a political group obtains power fiefdoms, before, during and after it has formally left the government. This thesis focuses on this paradoxical movement between disappearance, circulation and reproduction of elites from a theoretical and empirical level
Después de setenta años en el poder, el Partido Revolucionario Institucional pierde las elecciones en el año 2000 a nivel nacional. Por lo tanto, aunque podamos hablar de alternancia política, no se trata completamente de una transformación del tipo de régimen. Esta tesis propone un punto de vista distinto sobre la problemática acerca del cambio político. A través de un estudio biográfico de personajes públicos alrededor del ex presidente Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994), aportamos un análisis de las modalidades de construcción de un grupo político (1950-1979), así como de los mecanismos y estrategias utilizadas para acceder al poder (1979-2000). Este ascenso tiene lugar en un contexto de crisis nacionales, internacionales y de desplazamiento de paradigmas. Los actores estudiados lograrán “deformar” las reglas de un régimen cerrado, para impulsar un proceso de “democratización”, entendido como la implementación de “flujos de apertura”. Asi, los miembros del grupo político del ex presidente viven, desde el año 2000, una extraordinaria “diseminación” en distintos sectores (económicos, políticos y de consultoría). Podremos por lo tanto identificar como un grupo político logra obtener feudos de poder, antes, durante y después de haber dejado formalmente el gobierno. La tesis se enfoca tanto en el plano teórico, como empírico, sobre este movimiento paradójico, entre desaparición, circulación y reproducción de una elite
Pösch, Nina. "Presse et pouvoir politique sous la Convention nationale (1792-1795)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MULH5606.
Повний текст джерелаThe French Revolution marked an important step in the development of the periodical press. This increase in the importance of the press provoked deep changes within society and allowed for better access to information. The Revolution changed the legal status of the press by ending the system of censorship and privileges of the Old Regime, while at the same time imposing new limits on the transmission of information and opinions. These rapid developments led to new problems for the authorities. The government and its institutions had to position themselves in relation to the press, interact with it, and learn how to utilize it for their own purposes. There were two fields of action in the relations between political actors and the press: firstly, the deliberate distribution of information and propaganda, and secondly, repression and the interruption of the circuit of information. The ways in which information and propaganda were distributed varied: new newspapers were founded, and existing papers received financial aid. Mass subscriptions to newspapers were particularly common. Censorship was never reintroduced during the Revolution, but ‘unofficial’ measures were taken to suppress information. These included the banning of newspapers, the imprisonment of journalists, printers, or booksellers, the interception of newspapers sent by post, repression against street vendors of prints, or legal proceedings against journalists, editors, booksellers, or printers
Coquard, Olivier. "Jean-Paul Marat, une lumière en Révolution : biographie d'un homme des Lumières devenu l'Ami du peuple." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010583.
Повний текст джерелаBefore 1789, Marat, a French Revolution mythical figure - took up the career of an enlightened man. He was an autodidact but he learned a lot during his trips (Bordeaux, London, Paris). He became a scientist and after 1773 propounded his scientifical and political theories - aggresively democratic. When in Paris, where he was a very famous doctor, he didn't succeed in making his physical points of view get the better and wasn't able to enter the academies. During the French Revolution, Marat used his experience : he took up very fast the career of a journalist. The People's friend (the paper) allowed Marat to explain his positions against the constitutional monarchy. Pursued,he set up as an emblematic figure of the Revolution
Magliacane, Alessia. "Transition constitutionnelle et résistance : une étude comparée." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0034.
Повний текст джерелаWe begin by upsetting of the relationship between law and fact. Our analyse steps over the classical relationship between constitution (law) and revolution (the foundational fact), which produces a three stage model where steps and phases follows the paradigm of continuum (accompanied in the tendency by the evolution towards the Republic), but that between constitution and resistance. The focus is then upon the material discontinuity and the oppositional contraposition between orders of discourse. In these two historical models, we first discover 1) the actuality of a transitional phase embodied by the French clandestine state, as a suspension of the constitutional order until Liberation: it is characterized by the struggle for legality; 2) we introduce then another model, the insurgent state, that of the military Resistance in northern Italy, where one of the legal orders keeps the law and follow the former constitutional traditions, while the other, the insurgency, specifically aims at hegemony by a legitimacy to oppose, as a manner of resisting to the legality of the other. It follows that in the clandestine French-type state, the vanguard, both political and military, was immediately formed as a government assuming state legality as continuing (though in opposition to another state legality), whereas the relationship between People and Nation is not questioned. In the model of insurgent state, followed by national committees of Liberation in northern Italy, however, the effects does not limit themselves to the constitutional phase, spreading up to armed party (1974-1988), the fundamental problem regarding the relationship between people, nation and avant-garde
Dendena, Francesco. "« Nos places maudites » : le mouvement feuillant entre la fuite de Varennes et la chute de la monarchie (1791-1792)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0152.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aims to study the political transition which led to the marginalisation and defeat of the moderate movement during the French Revolution. This will be achieved by focusing on the Feuillant movement at the Legislative Assembly, believing it to be an essential component in understanding the collapse of the new regime, which had been created by the Constituent Assembly. This research aims to outline an interpretation of the revolutionary dynamics during the Constitutional Monarchy in order to understand why the constitutional and moderate movement lost its own revolutionary legitimacy and was overtaken by the revolutionary evolution, The theory I would Iike to put forward is that, convinced that the 1791 Constitution marked the end of the Revolution, the Feuillant movement failed to translate the defence of legality into thought and action coherent enough to unite them with the revolutionary legitimacy, which was being gradually won over by the Jacobin movement
Palieraki, Eugenia. "Histoire critique de la "nouvelle gauche" latino-américaine : le Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR) dans le Chili des années 1960." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010620.
Повний текст джерелаAunoble, Eric. "« Le communisme tout de suite ! » : Le mouvement des communes en Ukraine soviétique (région de Kharkiv) de 1919 à 1935." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202394.
Повний текст джерелаEn 1919, les communes sont des formes de mobilisation politique et sociale des plébéiens ruraux en interaction avec l'État soviétique. Cette « Kommuniâ » provoque une cruelle réaction pogromiste dans les campagnes.
Sous la NEP, des communes urbaines apparaissent sous la direction d'étudiants, d'artistes, de pédagogues... Ce « Nouveau Mode de vie » est aussi un laboratoire du contrôle social pour le pouvoir et les élites. Les communes paysannes n'occupent par contre qu'une place marginale socialement et idéologiquement.
Cela prépare la subversion de l'utopie par le pouvoir après 1929. « Collectivisation complète » et famine ont raison des communes rurales. L'opposition des communards ruraux et urbains est réelle mais peu audible. Grâce à la rhétorique révolutionnaire de la guerre civile, le pouvoir empêche toute expression des classes pauvres.
Münch, Philippe. "Le pouvoir de l'ombre : l'imaginaire du complot durant la Révolution française (1789-1801)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19988.
Повний текст джерела