Дисертації з теми "Goudron houille"
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Lafdi, Khalid. "Elaboration et caractérisation des fractions lourdes de goudron de houille." Pau, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PAUU3016.
Повний текст джерелаBelliot, Anouck Coiffard Laurence. "Huile de cade, goudron de houille et ichthyol utilisations dermatologiques et cosmétiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=22391.
Повний текст джерелаMegy, Catherine Malgouyres. "Mode d'action des réducteurs." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11249.
Повний текст джерелаAntognarelli, Caroline. "Traitement du psoriasis par les goudrons : passé et présent." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P090.
Повний текст джерелаTouirssa, Laghnimi. "Contribution à la valorisation des goudrons de houille : le carbazole une voie vers l'indole ? : alkylation réductrice des brais et de substances modèles." Metz, 1987. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1987/Touirssa.Laghnimi.SMZ8713.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the way to valorize the products of coal cokefaction : 2 types of compounds have been studied. In the first, different ways of the transformation of carbazole into indole have been tried. Direct oxidation of the carbazole system or smooth reduction of one aromatic ring followed by oxidation of the reduced system were the methods used. The second part is devoted to the study of cokefaction pitch by reductive alkylation. The methods used for determination of pitche structure has benn apllied to model compounds especially heterocyclic systems like carbazole, dibenzothiophene, acridine etc. . By this way we could show the behaviour of these compounds under reduction or alkylation conditions which are competitive in the Birch type reduction we have employed to do the study
Benhabib, Karim. "Transport dans les sols de cokerie de HAP issus de particules de goudron de houille." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL024N.
Повний текст джерелаCoke production processes caused the incorporation of coal tars (NAPL or particle) into soils, these coal tars contain high amount of PAH. The aim of the present work was the investigation of the dynamics of the source term, nainely coal tar particles, as weIl as the transport of PAH through aged contaminated soils. Ln this goal, soil and coal tar samples were collected from brown field of an ancient coking plant. They were characterised by the analytical techniques of organic geochemistry (GC-MS, IR microspectroscopy). PAH transfer from coal tar particles into water was investigated by mean of closed loop laboratory column experiments. Results were interpreted by an equilibrium partitioning model and a mass transfer model. These models enabled us to compute a partitioning constant as weIl as effective diffusivities at various particle sizes and temperatures. PAH release and transport through contaminated soil was studied by laboratory column experiments, followed by phase separation of the collected fractions (ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation). This method enabled us to show that PAH concentrations in the aqueous phase were most often higher than their aqueous solubility, and that the transport of a major fraction was facilitated by colloids and/or high molecular weight macromolecules. The com- parison between the data obtained by organic analysis showed analogy between the PAH spectra in the different phases. FinaIly, the potentiality of reactive tracers to measure global parameters (organic carbon fraction foc and sorbant organic phase/water interface are a) was tested. Conversely to phenol, toluene tracing enabled us to measure foc whereas sodium octylbenzenesulfonate did not allow the measurement of the interface area. As a conclusion, this research brought new results on the source term dynamics and PAH transport through contaminated soil from a former coking plant in aqueous and colloidal phases, that are the basis of a conceptual model and a first point to upscaling at the pilot and field scales
Mahjoub, Borhane. "Comportement dans le sol de polluants aromatiques issus du goudron de houille : Etude du partage goudron/eau et de l'effet du vieillissement sur la mobilité des polluants." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0071.
Повний текст джерелаAll industrialized countries have on their territories many contaminated sites containing coal-tar materials. On the long term, the fate of the pollutants is mainly controlled by the dissolution of coal-tar into water and by the sorption and biodegradation of pollutants in soil. Three model contaminants and several soil matrices have been selected for this work, which can be divided into two different parts: -Study of the partitioning equilibrium and kinetics of the organic pollutants between coal-tar and water. -Study of the adsorption and desorption of the organic pollutants• in soils, taking into account quick and slow kinetics. The experimental results clearly show that coal tar cannot be considered as an ideal solution (as described by Raoult's law) with regards to phase partition of pollutants with water. The main identified mechanisms of phase partition are the quasi instantaneous solubilization of pollutants near the coal tar/water interface, and the diffusion of pollutants within the organic phase or at the interface which controls the transfer kinetics of pollutants towards the aqueous phase. The results also show that several factors can modify the rate and the extent of the pollutants release (temperature, pH, ionic strength. Ageing of the interface. . . ). The experimental results of the second part of the study show a reduction of the pollutant mobility with the increase of the time of contact between the pollutant and the soil. Freeze/thaw cycles were found to reduce significantly the effect of ageing. The long term abiotic sequestration of organic pollutants by soil or clay is related to slow molecular diffusion processes within the aggregates micropores or within the soil natural organic matter
Ouimet, Nicole. "Etudes en vue de la mise au point d'une chaîne de traitements de matériaux souillés par des goudrons issus de la pyrolyse de la houille." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0047.
Повний текст джерелаFrance, as all industrialized countries, has on its territory many potentially contaminated sites containing coal-tar materials from past industrial activities. Specific remediation technologies have been developed, mainly in North America. Existing treatment technologies include thermal processes (incineration, desorption, vapor extraction. . . ), physical methods (such as solidification/stabilization, vitrification. . . ), chemical methods (extraction, washing) and biological processes to a lower extent. A non-destructive remediation process has been developed here to reduce the overall mass of contaminated materials to be incinerated. In a first step, laboratory feasibility studies have been conducted on coal-tar contaminated rubbles. A specific extraction-washing treatment chain has been developed, with the selection of an appropriate organic solvent for the extraction phase and a detergent for the washing phase of the process. Laboratory results being promising, the next step was to test the process at the pilot and industrial scales. Approximately 600 m3 of coal-tar contaminated rubbles from a mixture of various demolition materials were treated. The process included complete excavation of the rubbles contaminated with coal tar, contaminant extraction and washing to achieve specified cleanup levels for organic contaminants. Hence the extraction-washing process was able to significantly diminish most of the contamination associated with PAH, phenols, inorganic nitrogen compounds and total cyanides in the rubbles. Furthermore, the industrial scale data showed a significant total mass reduction of contaminated materials to be incinerated since the treated rubbles were disposed off on the site. In the third step of our study, experiments at the laboratory-scale were conducted in order to improve the process and reduce the amount of byproducts generated during treatment and requiring offsite disposal. Studies were performed on the biological treatment of the waste water containing complex organic pollutants such as phenolic compounds, on the mass reduction of wastes smaller than 10 mm with screening tests, and on the solidification/stabilization trials of other solid contaminated byproducts. The process should be now tested on other sites with rubbles contaminated with coal-tar having different physico-chemical characteristics
Ranc, Bérénice. "Oxydation chimique in situ de la zone non saturée de sols contaminés par du goudron de houille : du laboratoire au terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0077/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, hundreds of brownfields are currently polluted with coal tar, a complex and recalcitrant mixture of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When the unsaturated zone of soils is highly contaminated, it is commonly excavated and backfilled. This work deals with an alternative treatment, in situ chemical oxidation, that allows a potential reuse of soils directly on site. This technique has already provided encouraging results at the lab scale but has rarely been tested in the field. Research was made around three scales – bibliography, laboratory and pilot – in order to respond to the main problem: is there an oxidative treatment able to meet technical, economic and environmental criteria quite acceptable to be applied at brownfield level? The laboratory research phase showed that the addition of a moderate thermal support significantly increased treatment effectiveness, by i) an increase in pollutant availability by soil preheating in the case of permanganate, or ii) a thermal activation of the oxidant in the case of persulfate. At the pilot scale, a homogeneous contact between the oxidant and the pollutants was possible only by a partial flooding of the soil with the concentrated oxidizing solutions. The persulfate activation turned out to be difficult to implement because heating concentrated solutions led to a parasite decomposition of the oxidant. On the contrary, the use of concentrated solutions of permanganate led to an even higher degradation than in the laboratory, as a result of the strong exothermicity of the reaction
Faccendini, Jean-Pierre. "Caractérisation d'une pollution de sols granulaires par des hydrocarbures issus de la pyrolyse de la houille." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529342.
Повний текст джерелаCompin, Sylvie. "Contribution à la caractérisation des brais d'imprégnation : Iinfluence des traitements thermiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT010G.
Повний текст джерелаClausse, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude de la carbonisation et de la graphitation de mélanges constitués d'un liant à base de brai de houille et de carbone granulaire : Influence de la formulation du mélange sur les propriétés des céramiques noires." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10139.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was dedicated to the thermal treatment of heat exchanger tubes made of black ceramics, and to the study of their characterisation. Controlled amount of sulphur is added to coal tar pitch in order to increase the mechanical properties of the tubes. This element strongly modifies the binder evolution during the thermal treatment (drop of the weight lost). Moreover, for a sulphur weight fraction higher than 10%, the graphitation of the semi-coke is strongly limited by sulphur induced crosslinking of mesogen molecules. The investigation of the thermal treatment of the tubes has shown the major role of the final temperature on the properties, while no influence of the heating rate could be observed. The dependence of the orientation of the filler grains on the properties of the tube was evidenced
Hanser, Ogier. "La matière organique dissoute issue de sols contaminés par des goudrons de houille : vers une meilleure compréhension de sa nature et de sa réactivité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаA large amount of wastelands inherited from former industrial activities contains persistent organic contamination (coal, coal tar…). While the regulation requires an evaluation of the contamination degree of these soils, it doesn’t take into account the transformation by-products such as polar compounds, poorly studied. Yet they solubilize in aqueous phase by percolation of meteoric waters through these contaminated sites. Despite the fact that literature targeting the fresh DOM is abundant, it is not directly transposable to the anthropogenic DOM coming from wastelands, which still need to be more precisely defined to improve our knowledge of this specific DOM and its evolution over time. A multi-technical approach was developed to comprehend the anthropogenic DOM coming from former coking and gas plant soils, thanks to a combination of laboratory experiments (under controlled conditions) and on field devices (lysimeters). Their study show that they contained high polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) contents, whose proportions in polar PACs exceed the ones in soil measurements. However, these PACs only consist of a low proportion of the total DOM. Complementary experiences targeting the influence of some parameters (pH, hydrophobicity) show a major hydrophobic characteristic and suggest a strong link between the pH and the spatial DOM organization. Artificial aging experiences show an enrichment in polar compounds leading to their water mobilization
Boulangé, Marine. "Mobilisation et transfert des composés aromatiques polycycliques (HAP et CAP polaires) dans les sols historiquement contaminés par des goudrons de houille : expérimentations au laboratoire et in situ." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0138/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn industrial countries, many sites have been diagnosed polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition to the regulated 16 US-EPA PAHs, other polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), especially polar PACs (oxygenated and nitrogenated) occur. They come from the same sources as PAHs but they may also be formed due to PAH degradation under biotic or abiotic processes (natural attenuation or remediation treatment). These PACs, more polar than the 16 US-EPA PAHs, are more soluble in water, resulting in a potentially increased mobility in soils and a higher risk for Humans and Environment. Thus, there is a need to increase our knowledge on polar PAC mobility in soils and their transfer to the groundwater. Combining laboratory and in situ works, this project aimed at identifying the mechanisms involved in the release and transfer mode of polar PACs in soils compared to the 16 US-EPA PAHs. Our works confirm a preferential release of polar PACs compared with PAHs. Polar PACs and low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) are mainly released according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism (Raoult law). While satisfactory predictions are obtained for polar PAC release when the pollution is “fresh”, availability is a major parameter that needs to be taken into account for historical contamination impacted by aging. Indeed, whatever the leaching conditions (static-batch and dynamic-column), the PAC concentration in water is highly dependent on the availability level of the pollution. In addition, for a high level of PAC availability, the other parameters studied in the project (ionic strength and temperature) have a limited impact on the PAC release whereas at low availability level, these parameters can show a greater influence. Moreover, the PAC release in association with colloids seems limited for polar PACs but dominating for high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), especially under low ionic strength conditions. Leaching tests performed on a lysimeter column (2 m3) filled with a contaminated soil in the 2/3 upper part and with a non-contaminated soil in the 1/3 lower part, both soils being sampled on a former coking plant site, confirm a release of PACs according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism although PAC concentrations are widely lower compared to those predicted by the Raoult law. Whatever the experimental scale studied (batch, laboratory or lysimeter column), a clear influence of the biological compartment has been evidenced. Once the PAHs and polar PACs are dissolved into water, they are highly biodegraded. No by-products - especially oxygenated PACs - were detected
Touirssa, Laghnimi. "Contribution à la vaporisation des goudrons de houille le carbazole une voie vers l'indole? : alkylation réductrice des brais et de substances modèles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610343p.
Повний текст джерелаTouirssa, Laghnimi Kirsch Gilbert. "CONTRIBUTION A LA VALORISATION DES GOUDRONS DE HOUILLE : 1) LE CARBAZOLE UNE VOIE VERS L'INDOLE : 2) ALKYLATION REDUCTRICE DES BRAIS ET DE SUBSTANCES MODELES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1987/Touirssa.Laghnimi.SMZ8713.pdf.
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