Книги з теми "Goods circulation"
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1
Snow, R. F. E.E.C. competition law and the free circulation of goods. [Guilford]: College of Law, 1985.
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2
Snow, R. F. E.C. competition law and the free circulation of goods. Guildford: College of Law, 1991.
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3
Linh, Nguyẽ̂n Văn. Some pressing problems on the distribution and circulation of goods. Hanoi: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1987.
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4
Zhongguo nong cun shang pin liu tong yan jiu: Research on circulation of rural commodities in China. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo cai zheng jing ji chu ban she, 2009.
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5
DeLuca, Arnold A. Advertising salesmanship: The selling of display advertising space for newspaper and shopper publications to businesses for the publication of advertisement of goods and services. Wheaton, Ill: Dynamo International, 1991.
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6
Zhongguo liu tong chan ye gai ge 30 nian: Shi jian yu li lun chuang xin = Reform and opening-up in circulation industry over 30 years : innovation in practice and theory. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2009.
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7
Zhenhua, Li, ed. Taiwan liu tong ye yu guan guang xiu xian ye zi xun ke ji tou zi yu ying yong qu shi, 2009-2010: Taiwanese circulation and recreation industry's IT spending. Taibei Shi: Cai tuan fa ren zi xun gong ye ce jin hui zi xun shi chang qing bao zhong xin (MIC), 2009.
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8
Zhulidov, Sergey. Trade organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book describes the main stages of organization and technology of trade processes at the enterprises of wholesale and retail trade in the market. Separate chapters are devoted to retail trade services, technological solutions shops, as well as the protection of consumer rights and the fundamental rules of trade.
Given the schema, table, topics interdisciplinary course, accompanied by explanatory text. Schemes allow to consider the material on the theoretical and practical level in their unity, which provides the opportunity to see the structure of the problem being studied, its logical relations, theoretical approaches, and therefore provides a more in-depth study of the discipline.
The textbook will help students acquire new knowledge and skills in the field of trade in the sphere of circulation of goods and services and to prepare them for successful practical activity in the conditions of market economy.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education on a speciality "Commerce (on branches)" PM.01 "Organization and management of trade marketing activities of" MDK 01.02 "Organization of trade".
For students on specialities "Commerce (on branches)" and "commodity research and quality expertise of consumer goods" and for listeners of system of improvement of qualification of workers of trade.
9
Tretyakov, Oleg. DIGITAL ECONOMY AS A NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/monography_628a8161cd5780.37190285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the results of a study of the digital economy
as a new paradigm of economic development, a system of economic relations
implemented through the use of digital information computer technologies. It is
noted that the main problem in the formation of sustainable economic growth and the
successful introduction of digital technologies are the challenges of digitalization
of the economy. New digital technologies, innovative business models penetrate
into all spheres of the economic life of society, influencing the very essence of
the economy, forming qualitative structural changes in it. As a result, a digital
economy is being formed as a subsystem of the traditional economy, characterized
by the active use of digital technologies and the circulation of specific electronic
goods.
The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students,
undergraduates, as well as a wide range of readers interested in topical issues of
digitalization of the economy.
10
Aram, B., and B. Yun-Casalilla. Global Goods and the Spanish Empire, 1492-1824: Circulation, Resistance and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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11
Gifts, Goods and Money: Comparing currency and circulation systems in past societies. Archaeopress Archaeology, 2018.
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12
Aram, B., and B. Yun-Casalilla. Global Goods and the Spanish Empire, 1492-1824: Circulation, Resistance and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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13
Circulation des monnaies, des marchandises, et des biens. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l'étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 1993.
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14
Warde, Alan. Eating. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the copious research on consumption in the last couple of decades, historians and historical accounts have made some most trenchant and fruitful contributions. However, our improved understanding of the operation of, for want of a better concept, consumer culture, has, despite its apparent potential, had limited impact on the analysis of eating. This article reviews recent scholarship in the field of eating and food consumption, and uses the lens of the globalization thesis to explore how goods, people, and ideas have come to circulate in ways that affect eating habits. It argues that scholarship on eating per se has been comparatively weak, and that recently, rather than being driven by the theoretical concerns of social science, the focus has been on popular anxieties about food. The article also discusses the movement of goods and the movement of people (international migration, suburbanization), and the circulation of ideas about what is good to eat (gastronomy and restaurant guides, cookery books).
15
Scheele, Judith. Crossroads Regions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.013.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the Sahara was long seen as a barrier between sub-Saharan Africa and the Maghrib, it has more recently been described as a bridge: scholarship has thus focused on trans-Saharan trade and migration. Both images exclude internal Saharan production, consumption, and agency: the “desert” remains an empty space that needs to be crossed and whose history is dictated by outside patterns of movement. This article suggests a different approach. It focuses on the circulation of goods, people, and ideas, traces patterns of internal connectivity, and denotes the close relationship among mobility, outside connections, and the making of place.
16
Anderson, Greg. The Circulation of Life’s Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To conclude the book’ s alternative account of the Athenian politeia, the chapter offers a recursive analysis of the resource flows which made this way of life possible. The result is very different from a conventional modern secular economic analysis. Instead, it treats resource transactions as the lifeblood of a cosmic ecology that united gods, land, and people in a condition of symbiotic interdependency. The most important of all these transactions were those between gods and humans, whereby the latter received secure conditions of existence in exchange for temples, sacrifices, votive treasures, and other often costly ritual offerings. The most important of the resource transactions between humans were marriages, whereby the managerial and reproductive capacities of females were transferred from one household to another, thereby perpetuating the life of the social body. Contrary to the “egalitarian” ethos which moderns believe animated “democratic Athens,” demokratia would also have been unsustainable without the innumerable contributions of resources, material and otherwise, that were made by a relatively small number of super-wealthy Athenian households. And in a polis where members typically worked only for themselves, the existence of these ecologically essential super-wealthy households would have been unsustainable without the routine exploitation of slaves.
17
Marzagalli, Silvia. Commerce. Edited by William Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199291205.013.0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although in the course of the eighteenth century there emerged in several European countries a desire to set the economy and trade free, in the French case it took the Revolution to sweep away a whole range of restrictions which weighed upon the circulation of goods. Even so, the gradual ending of the commercial system which had underpinned the prosperity of European ports under the Ancien Régime was also, in fact primarily, the consequence of structural changes in the European economy and in the apparatus of colonial domination in America. This article does not offer a complete picture of trade under the Ancien Régime, but rather attempts to bring out the distinctive characteristics which would disappear between the end of the eighteenth century and the middle of the nineteenth with the arrival of more modern systems of exchange.
18
Maud, Gonne, Merrigan Klaartje, Meylaerts Reine, and van Gerwen Heleen, eds. Transfer Thinking in Translation Studies. Leuven University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461663726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of transfer covers the most diverse phenomena of circulation, transformation and reinterpretation of cultural goods across space and time, and are among the driving forces in opening up the field of translation studies. Transfer processes cross linguistic and cultural boundaries and cannot be reduced to simple movements from a source to a target (culture or text). In a time of paradigm shifts, this book aims to explore the potential and interdisciplinary power of transfer as a concept and an analytical tool to account for complex cultural dynamics. The contributions in this book adopt various research angles (literary studies, imagology, translation studies, translator studies, periodical studies, postcolonialism) to study an array of entangled transfer processes that apply to different objects and aspects, ranging from literary texts, legal texts, news, images and identities to ideologies, power asymmetries, titles and heterolingualisms. By embracing a process-oriented way of thinking, all these contributions aim to open the ‘black box’ of transfer in the widest sense.
19
Talbot, Ian, and Tahir Kamran. Darvarzas and Mohallas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190642938.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter focuses on Lahore’s famous darvarzas (gateways) and mohallas (residential localities). It provides a fine grain analysis of the cultural and commercial life that took place in these surrounding areas. The inner city has been traditionally understood as a closed in area, but the chapter argues that this stereotype neglects the regional and trans-national linkages and circulation of goods and people. The three case studies of Bhati Gate, Shah Almi Gate and Mochi Gate illustrate the interconnectedness arising from commercial, cultural and political exchanges. The chapter concludes with a description both of the importance of the Mochi Gate area for training of classical musicians in Haveli Mian Khan and the musical soirees of Takia Mirasian and of Bhati Gate’s connections with the early film industry. All-India Radio Lahore which broadcast from December 1937 also provided a creative outlet for the musicians, writers and actors of Bhati and Mochi Gates and drew artists to the city.
20
Alpers, Edward A., and Chhaya Goswami, eds. Transregional Trade and Traders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490684.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Blessed with numerous safe harbours, accessible ports, and a rich hinterland, Gujarat has been central to the history of Indian Ocean maritime exchange that involved not only goods, but also people and ideas. This volume maps the trajectory of the extra-continental interactions of Gujarat and how it shaped the history of Indian Ocean. Chronologically, the volume spans two millennia, and geographically, it ranges from the Red Sea to Southeast Asia. The book focuses on specific groups of Gujarati traders, their accessibility and trading activities with maritime merchants from Africa, Arabia, Southeast Asia, China, and Europe. It not only analyses the complex process of commodity circulation, involving a host of players, huge investments, and numerous commercial operations, but also engages with questions of migration and diaspora. Paying close attention to current historiographical debates, the contributors make serious efforts to challenge the neat regional boundaries that are often drawn around the trading history of Gujarat.
21
McDonald, Michelle Craig. Transatlantic Consumption. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The parameters of material culture studies of the 1980s and 1990s were influenced in no small part by the concurrent rise of Atlantic history and its emphasis on crossing national, regional, and imperial boundaries. Indeed, it is the circulation of goods, people, and ideas across and around the Atlantic Ocean that defined the field. Early studies traced migration, trade patterns, or specific commodities, but more recent work has focused on less tangible, but critically related, fields to consumption, such as taste and refinement, and adaptation and creolization. Like material culture studies, Anglo-Atlantic scholarship outpaced other aspects of the field until the last decade, but historians and literary scholars have begun to turn the tide, and the resulting work broadened both the Atlantic regions and peoples considered as consumers, including Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, as well as women, and native and enslaved peoples. This article, which focuses on consumption in the transatlantic, begins with a discussion on the slave trade and then explores the changing profile of transatlantic consumers.
22
Voner, Valerie. Everything Reflexology Book: Manipulate zones in the hands and feet to relieve stress, improve circulation, and promote good health. Adams Media Corporation, 2003.
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23
Rabier, Daniel. Hyperammonemia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ammonia, an end-product of protein and amino acid catabolism toxic to the brain, must be removed quickly from the circulation. Its removal is achieved in two steps: glutamine synthesis and urea synthesis. Hyperammonemia results from either an excess of production or defective elimination. There are two main etiologies of hyperammonemia: inherited or acquired. Inherited causes are mainly related to defective elimination while acquired ones result either from excess production or deficient detoxification. Good laboratory diagnostic tools are necessary to make the right diagnosis.
24
Hasinoff, Amy Adele. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038983.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book has explored three dominant problems in how people tend to think about sexting: that sexting is a crime, that adolescents sext because they are biologically irrational and irresponsible, and that sexting is a psychological problem of girls' low self-esteem. It has made a case for the decriminalization of consensual sexting and advocated viewing sexting as a form of media production. It has also interrogated both the theory that sexualization causes sexting and the idea that new media participation is inherently good. Finally, it has criticized the assumptions that “information wants to be free” and “privacy is dead” and instead suggested a model of explicit consent for all private media circulation. The chapter concludes by offering three key recommendations: first, we must recognize that granting youth the right to sext will offer them a significant defense against possible harms that the state and peers can commit; second, we need to incorporate consent into how we think about private media circulation; third, we need to accept adolescent girls' sexual agency.
25
Miano, Daniele. Fortuna. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786566.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book focuses on the Latin goddess Fortuna, one of the better known deities in ancient Italy. The earliest forms of her worship can be traced back to archaic Latium, and she was still a widely recognized allegorical figure during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The main reason for her longevity is that she was a conceptual deity, and had strong associations with chance and good fortune. When they were interacting with the goddess, communities, individuals, and gender and age groups were inevitably also interacting with the concept. These relations were not neutral: they allowed people to renegotiate the concept, enriching it with new meanings and challenging established ones. The geographical and chronological scope of this book is Italy from the archaic age to the late Republic. In this period Italy was a fragmented, multicultural and multilinguistic environment, characterized by a wide circulation of people, customs, and ideas, in which Rome played an increasingly dominant role. All available sources on Fortuna have been used: literary, epigraphic, and archaeological. The study of the goddess based on conceptual analysis will serve to construct a radically new picture of the historical development of this deity in the context of the cultural interactions taking place in ancient Italy. The book also aims at experimenting with a new approach to polytheism, based on the connection between gods and goddesses and concepts.
26
Yamamoto, Koji. Broken Promises and the Rise of a Stereotype. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739173.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Projects began to emerge during the sixteenth century en masse by promising to relieve the poor, improve the balance of trade, raise money for the Crown, and thereby push England’s imperial ambitions abroad. Yet such promises were often too good to be true. This chapter explores how the ‘reformation of abuses’—a fateful slogan associated with England’s break from Rome—came to be used widely in economic contexts, and undermined promised public service under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts. The negative image of the projector soon emerged in response, reaching both upper and lower echelons of society. The chapter reconstructs the social circulation of distrust under Charles, and considers its repercussions. To do this it brings conceptual tools developed in social psychology and sociology to bear upon sources conventionally studied in literary and political history.
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Pilcher, Jeffrey M. Cultural Histories of Food. Edited by Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because of its essential role in human life, food has been a part of historical narratives since antiquity. As the proper subject of professional inquiry, however, food gained recognition only in the 1990s with the advent of the so-called new cultural history. Whereas the disciplinary hegemony of culture has begun to fragment and decline, the field of food history continues to grow significantly. Therefore, it is only fitting to reflect on the historical study of food as a cultural expression, to differentiate it from cultural approaches to the history of food politics, nutrition, and the like. Changing scholarly assumptions about culture have had an impact in terms of understanding what cuisine is all about. Drawing on the theories of Jack Goody, Sidney Mintz, and Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson about cuisine, this article examines historical change at three interrelated levels: the circulation of texts, the tastes of dining, and the practices of cooking.
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Vauchez, Antoine, Pierre France, and Samuel Moyn. The Neoliberal Republic. Translated by Meg Morley. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752544.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book traces the corrosive effects of the revolving door between public service and private enrichment on the French state and its ability to govern and regulate the private sector. Casting a piercing light on this circulation of influence among corporate lawyers and others in the French power elite, the book analyzes how this dynamic, a feature of all Western democracies, has developed in concert with the rise of neoliberalism over the past three decades. Based on interviews with dozens of public officials in France and a unique biographical database of more than 200 civil-servants-turned-corporate-lawyers, the book explores how the always blurred boundary between public service and private interests has been critically compromised, enabling the transformation of the regulatory state into either an ineffectual bystander or an active collaborator in the privatization of public welfare. The cumulative effect of these developments, the authors reveal, undermines democratic citizenship and the capacity to imagine the public good.
29
Borges, Marcelo J., Sonia Cancian, and Linda Reeder, eds. Emotional Landscapes. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043499.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emotional Landscapes: Love, Gender, and Migration explores how emotions in general, and love in particular, shape individual and collective experiences of migration, and the formation of mobile and transnational communities. The essays examine how varieties of love, including sentimental, sexual, and political, redefined meanings of family, community, and national belonging, altering ideas of gender and social formation. Framed by the works of scholars of emotion, gender, and migration, these articles illustrate the complicated ways that love shapes the intimate decisions to migrate, familial expectations surrounding separations, wider cultural and political perceptions of mobility, reconfiguring the meaning of love itself. The contributors investigate the changing meanings of intimacy in a world marked by urban, transnational migrations and expanding circulations of capital and goods, and the ways in which these new meanings altered gender norms. The book’s historical framework makes visible how the sentimental and material landscapes of mobility changed over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the volume offers new evidence culled from archives, interviews, letters, and surveys for the study of emotion and mobility in Europe, the Americas, and Australia, and opens up new avenues for future research.
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Sharma, Deepak, and Julia Metzner. Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nontraumatic subarachnoid, intraventricular, or intraparenchymal hemorrhage can be caused by either rupture of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation or by coagulopathy, hypertension, or vasculitis. Pituitary apoplexy results from spontaneous hemorrhage or infarction into a pituitary tumor. Additionally, anesthesiologists must be prepared to manage intraoperative bleeding during craniotomies. Successful management of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage requires (1) careful preoperative evaluation and preparation considering extracranial manifestations of intracranial bleeding; (2) administration of balanced anesthesia to facilitate surgical exposure and neurophysiological monitoring; (3) maintenance of cerebral perfusion by preserving circulating volume, judicious use of blood product transfusion and vasopressors, and avoidance of excessive hyperventilation; and, when possible, (4) providing timely emergence from anesthesia to allow neurological assessment. Close communication between the surgical and anesthesia teams is critical for optimizing the potential for good patient outcomes.
31
Yates, Paula. Wales. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199644636.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter argues that the chief features which distinguished Welsh Anglicanism from English in this period were its poverty, its remote position, and its almost entirely rural nature, at least until the rapid expansion of population associated with the Industrial Revolution. It argues that Anglican clergy in Wales in this period were generally Welsh and Welsh-speaking, and that they enjoyed good relations with their Dissenting neighbours until the last decades of the eighteenth century. It compares and contrasts the effects of the two eighteenth-century Evangelical revivals and describes the attempts to educate the poor, especially through circulating schools. Finally, it discusses the leading role played by Anglicans in the romantic revival of Wales’s Celtic culture and traces the hardening of relations with Dissenters, especially in the somewhat wealthier north, from about the 1790s.
32
Cui, Zhao, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0073_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange are the standard of care in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or lung haemorrhage caused by antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, and it is unusual to encounter patients at earlier stages. Steroids are universally used in addition. There is some evidence that plasma exchange may not be a critical part of treatment at an earlier stage. There is no more than anecdotal evidence for other therapies. Slower-onset therapies such as antibodies to B cells are rarely appropriate. If untreated, patients with severe anti-GBM disease will not recover renal function and are at risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. Evidence for the pathogenicity of circulating anti-GBM antibodies provides rationale for removal of circulating antibodies as rapidly as possible, whilst simultaneously inhibiting their synthesis. This was behind the introduction of the combination of plasma exchange with immunosuppressive therapy in mid 1970s, which revolutionized outcomes. Plasmapheresis aims to remove circulating pathogenic antibodies against GBM and possibly other mediators; cyclophosphamide prevents further synthesis of autoantibodies; and steroids act as anti-inflammatory agents to attenuate the glomerular inflammatory response initiated by anti-GBM antibodies. It is clear from experimental models and occasional observations in man that the anti-cell mediated effects of current therapies are important too. Outcomes vary, but in general patient survival is now good, while renal survival remains poor, in many series less than 50% at 1 year. Treatment is toxic and after an early peak in deaths due to pulmonary haemorrhage, secondary infections are the next threat. It may therefore be best not to immunosuppress patients with a very poor renal prognosis who appear to be at low risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. Treatment can usually be curtailed after 3 months without recurrence. ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies occur together in some patients. This is typically an older group which often has features of vasculitis, and the anti-GBM response may often be secondary. Longer treatment as for small vessel vasculitis is usually indicated.
33
Cook, Linda S., Angela L. W. Meisner, and Noel S. Weiss. Endometrial Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Endometrial cancer is rare among women of reproductive age, but in older women can occur at an annual rate of up to 50 –100 per 100,000. The incidence varies more than five-fold across regions of the world, with the rates generally being highest in North America and Europe. Endometrial cancer can be classified into two broad histologic groups: the more common type I tumors (e.g., endometrioid adenocarcinoma), which have a relatively good prognosis (case-fatality in the neighborhood of 20%); and the less common type II tumors (e.g., serous carcinoma), which have a poorer prognosis. The endometrium is a hormone-responsive tissue, and there is a large body of evidence to support a hormonal basis for carciogenesis. Specifically, exposure to high levels of circulating estrogens increases endometrial cancer risk, especially for type I cancer, whereas exposure to progestogens reduces risk.
34
Davidson, Andrew, Adrian Bosenberg, and Stephen Stayer. Neonatal anaesthesia. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman and Neil S. Morton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neonatal anaesthesia requires an understanding of how neonates differ from adults and older children in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. There are also pathological and surgical conditions in neonates that are associated with unique anaesthesia challenges. Organ systems are generally immature, reducing the clearance of many drugs, while different water and fat content results in altered volumes of distribution. Pharmacological management is further complicated by a lack of basic pharmacokinetic data for the use of most anaesthetic drugs in neonates. At birth, there is a transition from a fetal circulation. Some aspects of fetal physiology can persist and have an impact on anaesthesia care, for example, exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Small size, organ immaturity, and reduced physiological reserve can also result in rapid changes to cardiovascular or respiratory status during surgery. Neonates are also very vulnerable to injury, particularly pulmonary or neurological damage. Even brief episodes of over-inflation or hyperoxia may have long-lasting effects on the lung. Safe neonatal anaesthesia thus requires appropriate equipment and ventilators, careful monitoring, and the rapid management of changes in circulatory or respiratory status. Neonates that need surgery often have other significant co-morbidities; for example, prematurity, sepsis, congenital cardiac disease, or a wide variety of syndromes. Safe anaesthesia requires a careful preoperative assessment looking for such co-morbidities and a good understanding of how these may have an impact on anaesthesia.
35
Meyrier, Alain, and Patrick Niaudet. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0057_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) causes nephrotic syndrome and by definition is not caused by any of the known causes of podocyte toxicity or focal segmental sclerosis such as viral infections or toxins. A number of genetic causes of FSGS are commonly diagnosed in early childhood. Other causes of segmental scarring need to be distinguished. Genotypes in APOL1 of African origin are associated with higher incidence of FSGS and poorer responses to treatment. Cellular and collapsing FSGS are variants of FSGS in which there is overt acute podocytopathy and they have a relatively poor prognosis. A glomerular tip lesion is thought to have a slightly better prognosis than other types. Some cases of primary FSGS respond to high-dose corticosteroids, sometimes only after prolonged therapy. Response to steroids is a good prognostic sign, and without a response, progressive loss of renal function is likely. A circulating factor is implicated by the observation that proteinuria can recur in a donor kidney within hours of transplant. Plasma exchange appears to remove this factor but it is not conclusively identified.
36
Suchowiejko, Renata. Polsko-rosyjskie spotkania w przestrzeni kultury muzycznej: XIX wiek i początek XX stulecia. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381386685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
POLISH-RUSSIAN ENCOUNTERS IN THE SPACE OF MUSICAL CULTURE: THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES Musicians travel: in their youth, to learn and perfect their métier; later, to gain fame and recognition, secure artistic and financial satisfaction. Circulating music prints reach various recipients at home and abroad, while the production and distribution of such publications depend mainly on the needs and tastes of consumers. Musical instruments provided by the music industry also find their way to many customers. This industry is an integral part of culture as it provides the material basis for creating and performing music. Musical culture emerges ‘in movement’: through encounters and the exchange of people, compositions, ideas, and physical goods. It has its own dynamics and channels of expansion; it relies on extensive and ever changing networks on personal, professional, institutional, and commercial levels. This musical exchange happens across state borders; it is not blocked by geography or politics, although both may affect it to an extent. The present collective work Polsko-rosyjskie spotkania w przestrzeni kultury muzycznej (XIX wiek i początek XX stulecia) [Polish-Russian Encounters in the Space of Musical Culture: The 19th and Early 20th Centuries] attempts to show this exchange through the testimony of historical sources: autographs, music prints, records of social life (concert programmes), and press materials. The main focus of the articles is on the presence of Polish music and Polish musicians in Russian culture; however, there is also a discussion of the opposite perspective, of Russian music and musicians in Polish culture.
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Chinoy, Hector, and Robert G. Cooper. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM) form part of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), a heterogeneous group of rare autoimmune diseases characterized by an acquired proximal muscle weakness, raised muscle enzymes (including creatine kinase), inflammatory cell infiltrates in muscle biopsy tissue, electrophysiological abnormalities, and presence of circulating myositis-specific/myositis-associated autoantibodies. The underlying aetiology of IIM is poorly understood, but likely involves interactions between environmental and genetic risk factors. Myositis may also manifest in association with other connective tissue disorders. The predominant clinical presentation of IIM is skeletal muscle weakness, but many extramuscular features can also occur. Access to good neuropathological support is essential in securing an accurate IIM diagnosis and excluding non-inflammatory myopathies, although IBM is often difficult to distinguish from PM. Antibody testing can help define IIM clinical subtypes, including cancer-associated myositis, predict prognosis, and help in optimizing treatment decisions. MRI can be invaluable for differentiating disease activity from damage, and detecting treatment-induced interval changes. Therapeutic effectiveness of new and existing treatments (where the evidence base remains poor) depends on making a prompt diagnosis and initiating early and appropriately aggressive treatment to prevent establishment of muscle damage. This chapter attempts to summarize the salient features of IIM and update the reader about currently used diagnostics and treatment paradigms in this rare and understudied disease.
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Morgan, Marina. Other bacterial diseasesStreptococcosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many pyogenic (β -haemolytic) streptococci of clinical significance have animal connections. In the last edition of this book two species of streptococci were considered of major zoonotic interest, namely Streptococcus suis and S. zooepidemicus. Since then, numerous sporadic zoonoses due to other streptococci have been reported, and a newly recognized fish pathogen with zoonotic potential termed S. iniae has emerged. Changes in nomenclature make the terminology confusing. For example, the organism known as S. zooepidemicus — now termed S. dysgalactiae subsp. zooepidemicus — still causes pharyngitis in humans, complicated rarely by glomerulonephritis after ingestion of unpasteurized milk. Pigs remain the primary hosts of S. suis with human disease mainly affecting those who have contact with pigs or handle pork.Once a sporadic disease, several major epidemics associated with high mortality have been reported in China. The major change in reports of zoonotic streptococcal infections has been the emergence of severe skin and soft tissue infections, and an increasing prevalence of toxic shock, especially due to S. suis (Tang et al. 2006), group C (Keiser 1992) and group G β -haemolytic streptococci (Barnham et al. 2002). Penicillin remains the mainstay of treatment for most infections, although some strains of group C and G streptococci are tolerant (minimum bactericidal concentration difficult or impossible to achieve in vivo) (Portnoy et al. 1981; Rolston and LeFrock 1984) and occasionally strains with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin are reported.Agents preventing exotoxin formation, such as clindamycin and occasionally human intravenous immunoglobulin, may be used in overwhelming infection where circulating exotoxins need to be neutralized in order to damp down the massive release of cytokines generated by their production (Darenberg et al. 2003). Prevention of human disease focuses on maintaining good hygienic practice when dealing with live animals or handling raw meat or fish products, covering skin lesions, thorough cooking of meats and pasteurization of milk.