Дисертації з теми "Globus model"
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Du, Zhuowei. "Caractérisation of GABAergic neurotransmission within basal ganglia circuit in R6/1 Huntington's disease mouse model." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0046/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nous avons étudié les récepteurs GABAA dans un modèle de la maladie de Huntington. En combinant des approches biochimiques, moléculaires, électrophysiologiques et de l’imagerie haute résolution, nous avons montré une modification de la neurotransmission GABAergique chez des animaux à des stades pre- et post-symptomatiques. Nos études montrent une diminution de de la neurotransmission GABAergique dans le globus pallidus des souris Huntington qui pourrait conduire à une modification des noyaux de sortie des ganglions de la base et de l’activité motrice. L’ensemble de nos résultats permet de définir le rôle de différents types de récepteurs GABAA dans le cerveau dans des conditions physiologiques et pathologiquesWe explored GABAergic neurotransmission in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Combining molecular, imaging and electrophysiologicaltechniques, we showed changes of GABAergic neurotransmission in presymptomatic and symptomatic R6/1 mice. Our data demonstrated a decreased GABAergic inhibition in the globus pallidus of R6/1 mice, which could result in an alteration of basal ganglia output nuclei and motor activity. Taken together, our results will help to define the contribution of receptor subtypes to inhibitory transmission throughout the brain in physiological and pathophysiological states
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Kumbhare, Deepak. "ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF BASAL GANGLIA (BG) CIRCUITRY AND DYSTONIA AS A MODEL OF MOTOR CONTROL DYSFUNCTION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The basal ganglia (BG) is a complex set of heavily interconnected nuclei located in the central part of the brain that receives inputs from the several areas of the cortex and projects via the thalamus back to the prefrontal and motor cortical areas. Despite playing a significant part in multiple brain functions, the physiology of the BG and associated disorders like dystonia remain poorly understood. Dystonia is a devastating condition characterized by ineffective, twisting movements, prolonged co-contractions and contorted postures. Evidences suggest that it occurs due to abnormal discharge patterning in BG-thalamocortocal (BGTC) circuitry. The central purpose of this study was to understand the electrophysiology of BGTC circuitry and its role in motor control and dystonia.
Toward this goal, an advanced multi-target multi-unit recording and analysis system was utilized, which allows simultaneous collection and analysis of multiple neuronal units from multiple brain nuclei. Over the cause of this work, neuronal data from the globus pallidus (GP), subthalamic nucleus (STN), entopenduncular nucleus (EP), pallidal receiving thalamus (VL) and motor cortex (MC) was collected from normal, lesioned and dystonic rats under awake, head restrained conditions. The results have shown that the neuronal population in BG nuclei (GP, STN and EP) were characterized by a dichotomy of firing patterns in normal rats which remains preserved in dystonic rats. Unlike normals, neurons in dystonic rat exhibit reduced mean firing rate, increased irregularity and burstiness at resting state. The chaotic changes that occurs in BG leads to inadequate hyperpolarization levels within the VL thalamic neurons resulting in a shift from the normal bursting mode to an abnormal tonic firing pattern.
During movement, the dystonic EP generates abnormally synchronized and elongated burst duration which further corrupts the VL motor signals. It was finally concluded that the loss of specificity and temporal misalignment between motor neurons leads to corrupted signaling to the muscles resulting in dystonic behavior. Furthermore, this study reveals the importance of EP output in controlling firing modes occurring in the VL thalamus.
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Lashgari, Iman. "Global stability analysis of complex fluids." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main focus of this work is on the non-Newtonian effects on the inertial instabilities in shear flows. Both inelastic (Carreau) and elastic models (Oldroyd-B and FENE-P) have been employed to examine the main features of the non-Newtonian fluids; shear-thinning, shear-thickening and elasticity. Several classical configurations have been considered; flow past a circular cylinder, in a lid-driven cavity and in a channel. We have used a wide range of tools for linear stability analysis, modal, non-modal, energy and sensitivity analysis, to determine the instability mechanisms of the non-Newtonian flows and compare them with those of the Newtonian flows. Direct numerical simulations have been also used to prove the results obtained by the linear stability analysis. Significant modifications/alterations in the instability of the different flows have been observed under the action of the non-Newtonian effects. In general, shear-thinning/shear-thickening effects destabilize/stabilize the flow around the cylinder and in a lid driven cavity. Viscoelastic effects both stabilize and destabilize the channel flow depending on the ratio between the viscoelastic and flow time scales. The instability mechanism is just slightly modified in the cylinder flow whereas new instability mechanisms arise in the lid-driven cavity flow. We observe that the non-Newtonian effect can alter the inertial flow at both baseflow and perturbation level (e.g. Carreau fluid past a cylinder or in a lid driven cavity) or it may just affect the perturbations (e.g. Oldroyd-B fluid in channel). In all the flow cases studied, the modifications in the instability dynamics are shown to be strongly connected to the contribution of the different terms in the perturbation kinetic energy budget.QC 20140113
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Mathias Moser, and Anna Raggl. "On the Determinants of Global Bilateral Migration Flows." European Commission, bmwfw, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4715/1/WWWforEurope_WPS_no005_MS14.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present a method aimed at estimating global bilateral migration flows and assessing their determinants. We employ that fact that available net migration figures for a country are (nonlinear) aggregates of migration flows from and to all other countries of the world in order to construct a statistical model that links the determinants of (unobserved) migration ows to total net migration. Using simple specifications based on the gravity model for international migration, we find that migration flows can be explained by standard gravity model variables such as GDP differences, distance or bilateral population. The usefulness of such models is exemplified by combining estimated specifications with population and GDP projections in order to assess quantitatively the expected changes in migration flows to Europe in the coming decades.Series: WWWforEurope
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Alsalous, Osama. "Global Demand Forecast Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Air transportation demand forecasting is a core element in aviation planning and policy decision making. NASA Langley Research Center addressed the need of a global forecast model to be integrated into the Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) to fulfil the vision of the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) at NASA Headquarters to develop a picture of future demand worldwide. Future forecasts can be performed using a range of techniques depending on the data available and the scope of the forecast. Causal models are widely used as a forecasting tool by looking for relationships between historical demand and variables such as economic and population growth. The Global Demand Model is an econometric regression model that predicts the number of air passenger seats worldwide using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population, and airlines market share as the explanatory variables. GDP and Population are converted to 2.5 arc minute individual cell resolution and calculated at the airport level in the geographic area 60 nautical miles around the airport. The global demand model consists of a family of models, each airport is assigned the model that best fits the historical data. The assignment of the model is conducted through an algorithm that uses the R2 as the measure of Goodness-of-Fit in addition to a sanity check for the generated forecasts. The output of the model is the projection of the number of seats offered at each airport for every year up to the year 2040.Master of Science
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Rad, Yasaman Talaei, and Ramtin Jabbari. "Use of Global Consistency Checking for Exploring and Refining Relationships between Distributed Models : A Case Study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context. Software systems, becoming larger and more complex day-by-day, have resulted in software development processes to become more complex to understand and manage. Many companies have started to adapt distributed software engineering practices that would allow them to work in distributed teams at different organizations and/or geographical locations. For example, model-driven engineering methods are being used in such global software engineering projects. Among the activities in model-based software development, consistency checking is one of the widely known ones. Consistency checking is concerned with consistent models; in particular, having a consistent group of multiple models for a whole system, e.g., multiple models produced by distributed teams. Objectives. This thesis aims to find out how ‘Global Consistency Checking (GCC)’ can be utilized for exploring inconsistency problems between distributed models; particularly among UML class diagram relationships (in terms of consistency), as well as how GCC can be scaled with large number of models and relationships. Thereby, these inconsistencies are also aimed to incrementally resolve in our approach. Methods. We made a review in distributed software development domain and model management, in particular, methods of consistency checking between ‘Distributed Models (DM)’. Next, we conducted two case studies in two problem domains in order to apply our ‘consistency checking methodology’. We concurrently constructed and implemented new consistency rules, most of which are gathered from literatures and brainstorming with our coordinators. Generally, the method contains implementing different models of the case studies with a tool support and trying to figure out overlaps, merging models and checking the merged model against the consistency rules, and evaluating the results of GCC. We mainly addressed issues focused on consistency checking of individual models and the mapping between them e.g., pair-wise consistency checking (PCC), which are incapable of fully addressing problems against any consistency rules encountered in distributed environments. Results. We have identified seven types of inconsistency, which are divided in two groups named ‘Global inconsistency’ and ‘Pair-wise inconsistency’. In the first case study, we have 94 global inconsistencies and 73 pair-wise. In the second one, 14 global and 25 pair-wise inconsistencies are resulted. During ‘Resolution approach’, we followed six steps as a ‘systematic procedure’ for resolving these inconsistencies and constructed new merged model in each iteration. The initial merged model (inconsistent model) as an input for the first step has 1267 elements, and the consistent merged model (the output) from the sixth step has 686 elements. ‘time duration’ and ‘required effort’ for checking consistency against each ‘consistency rule’ were recorded, analyzed and illustrated in Sections 4.1.5 and 4.2.4. Conclusions. We concluded that GCC enables us to explore the inconsistencies, inclusive of resolving them and therefore, refining the relationships between different models, which are difficult to detect by e.g., a pair-wise method. The most important issues are: The number of model comparisons conducted by PCC, The inability of PCC for identifying some inconsistencies, Model relationships refinement and classification based on PCC approach will not lead to a final consistent DM, whereas, GCC guarantees it. Consistency rules application, inconsistency identification and resolving them could be generalized to any UML class diagram model representing a problem domain within the fields of consistency checking in software engineering.0046760850792, 0046737749752
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Silva, Renato Aparecido Pimentel da. "Emprego de redes complexas no estudo das relações entre morfologia individual, topologia global e aspectos dinâmicos em neurociência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-21082012-151906/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A teoria de redes complexas se consolidou nos últimos anos, graças ao seu potencial como ferramenta versátil no estudo de diversos sistemas discretos. É possível enumerar aplicações em áreas tão distintas como engenharia, sociologia, computação, linguística e biologia. Tem merecido atenção, por exemplo, o estudo da organização estrutural do cérebro, tanto em nível microscópico (em nível de neurônios) como regional (regiões corticais). Acredita-se que tal organização visa otimizar a dinâmica, favorecendo processos como sincronização e processamento paralelo. Estrutura e funcionamento, portanto, estão relacionados. Tal relação é abordada pela teoria de redes complexas nos mais diversos sistemas, sendo possivelmente seu principal objeto de estudo. Neste trabalho exploramos as relações entre aspectos estruturais de redes neuronais e corticais e a atividade nas mesmas. Especificamente, estudamos como a interconectividade entre o córtex e o tálamo pode interferir em estados de ativação do último, considerando-se o sistema tálamo-cortical do gato bem como alguns modelos para geração de rede encontrados na literatura. Também abordamos a relação entre a morfologia individual de neurônios e a conectividade em redes neuronais, e consequentemente o impacto da forma neuronal em dinâmicas atuando sobre tais redes e a eficiência das mesmas no transporte de informação. Como tal eficiência pode ter como consequência a facilitação de processos maléficos às redes, como por exemplo, ataques causados por vírus neurotrópicos, também exploramos possíveis correlações entre características individuais dos elementos que formam as redes complexas e danos causados por processos infecciosos iniciados nos mesmos.Complex network theory has been consolidated along the last years, owing to its potential as a versatile framework for the study of diverse discrete systems. It is possible to enumerate applications in fields as distinct as Engineering, Sociology, Computing, Linguistics and Biology, to name a few. For instance, the study of the structural organization of the brain at the microscopic level (neurons), as well as at regional level (cortical areas), has deserved attention. It is believed that such organization aims at optimizing the dynamics, supporting processes like synchronization and parallel processing. Structure and functioning are thus interrelated. Such relation has been addressed by complex network theory in diverse systems, possibly being its main subject. In this thesis we explore the relations between structural aspects and the activity in cortical and neuronal networks. Specifically, we study how the interconnectivity between the cortex and thalamus can interfere in activation states of the latter, taking into consideration the thalamocortical system of the cat, along with networks generated through models found in literature. We also address the relation between the individual morphology of the neurons and the connectivity in neuronal networks, and consequently the effect of the neuronal shape on dynamic processes actuating over such networks and on their efficiency on information transport. As such efficiency can consequently facilitate prejudicial processes on the networks, e.g. attacks promoted by neurotropic viruses, we also explore possible correlations between individual characteristics of the elements forming such systems and the damage caused by infectious processes started at these elements.
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Machado, Maria Angélica. "Global climatic changes, a cse study of air temperature variation and its impacts in the municipal district of Ubatuba, north coasth of São Paulo." Universidade de Taubaté, 2009. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aims to provide a forecast of the air temperature for future climatic scenarios with an estimation of sea level rise and its environmental consequences in the municipality of Ubatuba. The adopted methodology is based on the use of air temperature simulated data from HadCM3 Model from Hadley Center from United Kingdom (from 2000 until 2099) considering two scenarios used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes, namely A2 scenario (pessimistic) and B1 scenario (optimistic). The estimates of elevation of the sea level of 124 and 268 cm for 2050 and 2100, respectively was realized based on tidal observations in Ubatuba in the period from 1954 up to 1993. As result it is estimated an increase of the air temperature by 5.3 ( 3.0)C for the A2 scenarious and by 3.4 ( 3.0)C to B1 case. Using data of topographyc profiles of 11 beaches in the region, it has been concluded that all these beaches will disappear by 2050.Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma previsão da temperatura do ar em cenários climáticos futuros, com uma estimativa da elevação do nível do mar e suas conseqüências ambientais no município de Ubatuba. A metodologia adotada esta baseada na utilização de dados de temperatura do ar simulados pelo modelo HadCM3 do Hadley Center do Reino Unido (no período de 2000 a 2099), considerando dois cenários utilizados pelo Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas, a saber: cenário A2 (pessimista) e cenário B1 (otimista). As estimativas de aumento do nível do mar foram realizadas a partir de registros maregráficos de Ubatuba (de 1954 a 1993). Como resultado estima-se um aumento na temperatura média global de 5,3 ( 3,0)C para o cenário A2 e de 3,4 ( 3,0)C para o cenário B1 e uma estimativa de elevação do nível médio do mar de 124 e de 268 cm para os anos de 2050 e 2100, respectivamente. Usando-se dados de perfis topográficos de 11 praias insulares na região, conclui-se que estas praias desaparecerão a partir de 2050.
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Xirinacs, Lluís M. (Lluís Maria) 1932-2007. "Un model global de la realitat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/300309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Model filosòfic, en sentit ampli, provisional i autoregulable, que vol oferir un marc i un camp globals i transdisciplinaris de referència, per tal d’acollir els sistemes filosòfics, cosmovisions i preceptives de dret, d’acció o planificació, produïts al llarg de la història de la civilització nord-occidental i, alhora, de donar cabuda i acolliment a les visions i propòsits generals de les altres civilitzacions de la Terra en un moment crucial en què tot es globalitza i es pot perdre la varietat cultural.
Opera amb vuitanta categories, oposades una a una, tot formant quaranta doblets, que defineixen quaranta variables de doble sentit, fundades en vuit categories fonamentals -TEORIA / PRÀCTICA, FENOMEN / NOÜMEN, SUBJECTE / OBJECTE i PLASMA / MÓN independents i irreductibles les unes a les altres, i també hipotètiques, reajustables o substituïbles, en el seu cas, per altres possibles de més adequades. Es requereix un estudi aprofundit del significat precís (en el model), de vegades poc usual, de cadascuna d’elles i de llurs diferents graus de situació, d’orientació i d’oposició, responsables del gran abast generalitzador del model, que ofereix una visió sinòptica, cúpula unitària o comú denominador dialèctic de les diferències de la complexitat del món. En aquest sentit la tesi presenta un glossari i vocabulari amb les definicions de les vuitanta categories i amb la inclusió de dues mil paraules afins, extretes de les filosofies i de les cultures.
Configura un camp elàstic, ontològic i tridimensional, corbat i tancat en un espai de quatre dimensions, on els conceptes són ictus o pulsacions del camp i els judicis, interaccions en el camp entre els conceptes. El conjunt dibuixa una gran constel·lació paratàctica, segons idea de Theodor Adorno. És un primer intent de “quadre” de significats d’abast planetari i de pretensió còsmica, dins de la nostra minsa perspectiva de terrícoles. Pot resultar terapèutic contra esquizofrènies i resolutori de conflictes, en la mesura dels nostres coneixements i procediments actuals, en tant que integrador de posicions sovint cegament oposades i mútuament excloents. Pot esdevenir punt de partida d’una tècnica, aplicable en Gabinets d’orientació filosòfica adreçats al públic individual o dedicats a l’assessorament globalitzador d’empreses, entitats, sectors, institucions, etc.
La seva condició de totalment corbat, fins al punt de no poder-s’hi dibuixar ni una sola recta, obliga el pensament a negar-se contínuament a si mateix per moure’s en el model (dialèctica negativa d’Adorno). No hi caben discursos amb definicions i lleis de funcionament constant (discursos euclidians, rectolineals o plans). La relació amb els discursos plans usuals és de tangència o secància. I la conflictivitat dels diferents discursos plans esdevé mesurable per l’angle entre tangents o secants.
La seva condició d’univers tancat determina l’àmbit actual de les nostres llibertats i responsabilitats i defineix la distància i l’orientació ontològica (magnitud vectorial) d’un concepte respecte d’un altre qualsevol, per referència al trajecte geodèsic màxim que pren el valor de la unitat. Si la curvatura ens introdueix el “no”, el tancament ens determina els “graus” i el “sentit” del “no”.
A més, és susceptible d’augmentar el nombre de les seves subcategories fins a enllaçar-la, des de la seva fonamentalitat, amb les categories pròpies de les especialitats o dels camps regionals de les cultures. En aquests darrers casos caldrà un previ treball bilateral -generalista / especialista-addicional de tractament d’interfases dialèctiques.
El llenguatge tècnic emprat és el geomètric, més planer, intuïtiu i assequible que el de l’anàlisi matemàtica. La figura triada convencionalment, amb rang topològic (com a referent de tota altra figura) riemannià, és la hiperesfera (volum hiperesfèric). S’hi ha anat arribant mitjançant la integració de petits mapes d’una, dues o tres dimensions, posats a prova en les més variades condicions existencials al llarg de tota una vida, talment la construcció d’un trencaclosques a partir de petites peces. Han aparegut sorpreses gratificants com el descobriment del curt trajecte i fàcil transvasament existent entre extrema dreta i extrema esquerra en el món dels espais polítics si l’alineament “dreta / esquerra” és circular. O el descobriment del també curt trajecte i també fàcil transvasament de transcendentals (Unum, Verum, Bonum) entre Déu i Ser (Deus sive Natura espinozià) si també es circular l’alineament “vivència espiritual / estructura material” (“substància pensant / substància extensa” de Descartes).
Potser l’aportació pràctica més actual és la de facilitar camins entre la ciència física més avançada d’Occident i l’experiència mística més profunda d’Orient a través de les regions presidides per un element comú, que en el model pren el nom de PLASMA. La sèrie més dreturera fóra: Ciència física (LOG -30º-Indeterminació quàntica (IDT) -60º-Plasma singular de l’interior dels forats negres (PLA) -60º-Experiència de la matèria subtil o akaixa de l’hiduisme (AKA) -30º-Mística (MIS). avant de la màxima oposició tradicional “física / mística” de 180º, reapareix el llargament desitjat retrobament entre “ciència” i “consciència”!
Però en la darrera part de la tesi, a més d’aquesta, s’hi insinua una munió d’altres aplicacions a la ciència, a l’art, a la relació entre les diferents tradicions iniciàtiques, a temes monogràfics com la societat o la família, a temes de gran perspectiva com la teoria del coneixement o el materialisme, a precisar semàntiques terminològiques, tècnica de definicions i hermenèutiques de texts, síntesis filosòfiques (Plató, Aristòtil, Kant, Hegel), al desplegament de l’hipertext i, finalment, es presenten dos resultats d’un exercici de transducció sorprenent de pensament: A) la constatació d’una traducció “qualitativa” d’un text de filosofia a un text de mística, com a preludi de l’extrapolació de la teoria de sistemes a temes extracientífics i B) un petit llibre, servit en annex, fet “a màquina” pel mateix model, com a preludi d’allò que se li hauria d’anar demanant a una vera intel·ligència artificial.
Un tractament informàtic en facilita i precisa l’ús. Disposem ja dels primers mòduls operatius de dos programes: A) “Globus”, que serveix tota mena de talls esfèrics de la hiperesfera i B) “Trigonometria hiperesfèrica basada en el <A philosophical selfadjustable model that aims to offer a transdisciplinary frame and ground of reference to meet philosophical systems, cosmovisions and programmes of action or planning developed during the curse of history of northwestern civilisation and to include also the general view of the other civilisations of the Earth at a crucial moment when everything becomes global. It operates with eigthy categories, opposed one to one, making up forty doublets, and based on eight fundamental categories, which are hypotetical, readjustable or able to be substitued by other possible ones, more adequate. A deep knowledge of their precise, often unusual, significance (in de model) of each one of them and of their different degrees of orientation and opposition is required. They constitute the model’s inclusive scope as a proposed unitary cupola of the differences within the complexity. It configures an ontological, tridimensional field, curved and closed inside of a space of four dimensions, where concepts are the ictus or pulsations and judgements the interactions between the concepts. It claims to be a first draft of a “table” of meanings, the scope being global and cosmic, a way of therapy and solution of conflicts as an integrator of opposites, as far as present knowledge allows. It can be the starting point for a technique for philosophical consulting and advice, addressed to individuals as well as to sectorial and institutional entities, business, etc. Besides, as a fundamental model, it is open to be enlarged with more categories appropiate to especialities or regional areas of culture. In these cases, it will be necessary to do previous –generalist/specialist-additional work towards a bilateral treatment of interfaces. A geometric language has been useed, more accesible than mathematical analysis. The model adopted, by convention, is the riemannian topological hyperesphere. Specific computer programmes make its use easy and precise. First operative modules are already available: • “Globus” programme, it show spherical sections of the hyperesfere. • “Hyperespherical trigonometry” built on “Mathematica” programme, it allows showing distances, angles, co-ordinates, areas, volumes, etc., with the corresponding drawings of objects of 1 to 4 dimensions.
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Witt, Alessa Valentina Josephine. "Global hidden champions : the internationalisation paths, entry modes and underlying competitive advantages of Germany's and Britain's global 'top three' niche players." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current theoretical insights into firm internationalisation have mainly focused on large American multinationals or on smaller early internationalising firms. Global niche players, often competing alongside or even complementary, have been less researched. They, like larger players, often strive to go global and dominate their market segments simply to survive and endure processes of global consolidation and often it is necessary to achieve top global positions. One such successful global niche strategy variant is ‘Global Hidden Champions’ (GHCs), which are low profile, global top three under US$ 5 billion firms, mainly found in Germany (Simon, 2012). The question becomes pressing: how do GHCs reach world market leadership? This study seeks to identify through which internationalisation paths and associated market entry modes 30 GHCs investigated from Germany and Britain reached global dominance and the specific competitive advantages without which such strategies would not have succeeded. This thesis takes an evolutionary historic perspective by distinguishing enduring with less-enduring GHCs, established at various points in time between 1838 and 2007. A qualitative multiple case study approach is used based on 30 cases, 15 from each country. The abductive stance facilitates deductions of existing theoretical frameworks, whilst also allowing exploratory new themes to emerge. Structured and semi-structured interviews, combined with documentation, allow triangulation of findings and help minimise bias. Guided by the conceptual framework, data has been thematically coded, analysed and systematically explored, allowing several new themes to emerge. Not one single GHC was found pursuing the traditional Uppsala Model internationalisation path. Instead 43% were identified as Born Globals (BGs); 20% as Born-Again Globals (BAGs); but no less than 37% emerged as quite different hybrid internationalisers, which because of their quite distinctive traits, were denoted ‘Re- Born-Again Globals’ (Re-BAGs). The analysis involved innovative methodological analysis, which further clarified some partial overlap of BGs, BAGs, and re-BAGs with Uppsala Model features, yet decided differences in terms of tempo and direction. All three alternative paths led to top three global market leadership positions, depending on the GHCs context and historical circumstances. Nevertheless, recently established GHCs pursued BG paths, whereas more enduring GHCs almost all followed BAG and re-BAG paths. Younger British GHCs frequently embarked on early proactive paths, whilst their more enduring German equivalents pursued more belated internationalisation routes. History emerged as pivotal. BAGs and re-BAGs were both distinguished by critical incidents which, in all 17 cases, shifted strategies on to much more proactive internationalisation paths. German GHCs, though, shifted primarily in response to technology advances, whereas British GHCs typically responded to specific management appointments. Literature on accelerated internationalisation paths, such as in relation to BGs, remains unclear on commitments beyond trade. Yet, 90% of GHCs deployed substantial foreign direct investment (FDI), in addition to mere trade activity. Initially, German GHCs grew organically focusing on neighbouring markets. In contrast, British GHCs often used acquisitions and targeted more global, in particular, Commonwealth markets. FDI thus emerged as a crucial addition to export activity in all three alternative paths followed by BGs, BAGs and re-BAGs enabling them to sustain leading global market positions. Yet, such paths were in turn contingent upon competitive advantages. GHCs from both countries complied remarkably closely with 6 out of 8 of Simon’s (2009) identified theoretical HC Model traits: being ‘leadership with ambitious goals’; ‘innovation’; ‘high-performance employees’; ‘closeness to customer’; ‘globalisation’, and ‘focus’. More in depth, albeit exploratory, analysis further uncovered the critical role played by ‘visions and values’ and ‘brand’, leading to a new tentative theoretical GHC Model. This new Model, moreover, recognises a virtuous cycle of market leadership advantages from which more enduring GHCs particularly benefitted. It also integrates comfortably with Teece’s (2014) model of dynamic capabilities, extending his framework by including market leadership approaches and more precise competitive advantages of the GHC Model, alongside more specific concepts relating to entrepreneurial orientation. In summary, this study contributes to the knowledge of how both long-standing and newer German and British GHCs conquer global markets by unveiling their specific and successful internationalisation paths, market entry mode choices and their underlying competitive advantages.
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Costa, Vanderlei Ferreira da. "Autorização integrada entre portais e Globus baseada no modelo RBAC." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2008. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/603.
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-03Plataformas de grade computacional têm sido adotadas para promover o compartilhamento, agregação e coordenação de grandes quantidades de recursos geograficamente distribuídos e multi-institucionais. Em tais ambientes, que envolvem grandes quantidades de recursos localizados em diversos domínios administrativos e sujeitos a uma diversidade de políticas de controle de acesso, o controle de acesso é obrigatório. Como principal contribuição, o presente trabalho estende o arcabouço (framework) de portais GridSphere com o objetivo de fornecer ferramentas de controle de acesso que podem ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de aplicaçõess para grades computacionais. Os mecanismos e ferramentas propostos também realizam o controle de acesso no nível de invocação de serviço, que pode ser usado por qualquer aplicação compatível com OGSA que realize invocações a serviços de grade. Nossa abordagem permite a integração e consistência entre políticas de autorização aplicadas no lado do portal e no lado do provedor de serviço.
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Bagheri, Shervin. "Stability analysis and control design of spatially developing flows." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Methods in hydrodynamic stability, systems and control theory are applied to spatially developing flows, where the flow is not required to vary slowly in the streamwise direction. A substantial part of the thesis presents a theoretical framework for the stability analysis, input-output behavior, model reduction and control design for fluid dynamical systems using examples on the linear complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. The framework is then applied to high dimensional systems arising from the discretized Navier–Stokes equations. In particular, global stability analysis of the three-dimensional jet in cross flow and control design of two-dimensional disturbances in the flat-plate boundary layer are performed. Finally, a parametric study of the passive control of two-dimensional disturbances in a flat-plate boundary layer using streamwise streaks is presented.
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Cherian, Binoy. "Global delivery of IT services : looking beyond the global delivery model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99).
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the factors that create competitive advantage through global delivery of IT services. Research on this thesis consists of a review of IT services markets and globally distributed operating models for IT services. A simple framework is created to analyze global delivery models (GDM) used by IT services companies. A few companies, including Infosys, have pioneered the GDM and hence the framework created is used to analyze Infosys' global delivery model. Finally, recommendations are made, based on this analysis, to enable firms to gain competitive advantage by looking beyond the adoption of global delivery models for IT services.
by Binoy Cherian.
S.M.
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Vignaga, Andrés. "A Type System For Global Model Management." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102556.
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FARINAS, MAYTE SUAREZ. "THE LINEAR LOCAL-GLOBAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3694@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONesta tese apresenta-se o Modelo de Redes Neurais Globais- Locais (RNGL) dentro do contexto de modelos de séries temporais. Esta formulação abrange alguns modelos não- lineares já existentes e admite também o enfoque de Mistura de Especialistas. Dedica-se especial atenção ao caso de especialistas lineares, e são discutidos extensivamente aspectos teóricos do modelo: condições de estacionariedade, identificabilidade do modelo, existência, consistência e normalidade assintótica dos estimadores dos parâmetros. Considera-se também uma estratégia de construção do modelo e são discutidos os procedimentos numéricos de estimação, apresentando uma solução para o cálculo de valores iniciais. Finalmente, ilustra-se a metodologia apresentada em duas séries temporais reais, amplamente utilizada na literatura de modelos não lineares.
In this thesis, the Local Global Neural Networks model is proposed within the context of time series models. This formulation encompasses some already existing nonlinear models and also admits the Mixture of Experts approach. We place emphasis on the linear expert case and extensively discuss the theoretical aspects of the model: stationary conditions, existence, consistency and asymptotic normality of the parameter estimates, and model identifiability. A model building strategy is also considered and the whole procedure is illustrated with two real time-series.
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Mroczkowski, Victor A. (Victor Adam). "Integrated decision support model for global sourcing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-109).
Over the last decade, the U.S. aircraft industry has experienced increasing levels of international integration as companies seek to access global talent and resources, cut production costs, spread financial risk, and secure access to airplane markets throughout the world. In an increasingly complex environment, decision makers seek an effective framework to evaluate the true benefits, costs and risks of sourcing alternatives-both relating to the short-term effects of selecting particular suppliers or groups of suppliers, as well as the long-term effects of redrawing their firm boundary and developing a more vertically disintegrated supply chain. This thesis is an examination of strategic sourcing decision practices at Boeing Commercial Airplanes, based on a six-month internship study with the Future Airplane Production group in Seattle, Washington. In this thesis we will discuss the application of strategic analysis, lean operational analysis, managerial accounting, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to improve existing sourcing analysis practices. An integrated decision support model is introduced to represent key sourcing decision factors, their relative importance, and the expected benefits, costs and risks to stakeholders related to each factor (comparing two sourcing alternatives). Using a weighted average, the model expressly indicates the relative value of each alternative. The model is applied to two case studies involving local insourcing and offshore outsourcing, respectively. This study demonstrates the need for incorporating explicit valuation of 'softer' strategic, operational and risk components along with the 'hard' financial analysis when making sourcing decisions.
by Victor A. Mroczkowski.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Lehman, Melissa. "A global memory model of intentional forgetting." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002402.
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Du, Lifang. "A simulation study of global model testing." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/rp/dul/lifangdu.pdf.
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Morin, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Comparison of optimization and programmatic languages for global food and water models: Effects on model implementation and results." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1428738.
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Al-Hammouri, Mohammad Fawzi Ahmad. "Deriving Distributed Design Models from Global Requirements Models." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the system and software development process for distributed systems, the development of the overall system design is critical for correctness, performance, and reliability. The objective of this thesis is the improvement of methods and tools that can be used to obtain a correct design model for distributed system components automatically by deriving the design model from the global system requirements. Mainly, we are concerned with the transformation from a global requirements model to a distributed design model. The global requirements model describes the behavior of a distributed system in an abstract manner by defining the local actions to be performed by different roles which represent actors in the different system components. The distributed design model defines the behavior of each actor separately, including its local actions plus the exchange of coordination messages, which are necessary to assure that the actions are performed in the required order.
In this work, we first consider a global requirements model in the form of partially ordered actions similar to High-level Message Sequence Chart (HMSC). We study the realizability of the global requirements, which is said to be directly realizable if a design model can be constructed without any coordination messages. We study some problems which prevent direct realizability, such as strict sequence, non-local choice, non-deterministic choice, termination race, and others, and show under which conditions these problems are absent and the global model is directly realizable. For the other cases, we show how a conforming design model can be obtained by introducing a minimal number of coordination messages. In this context, we also show under which conditions sequence numbers are required in the messages of a weak while loop.
Then we study the automatic derivation of a distributed design model using a tool. In order to obtain an easily readable notation for the global requirements model, we adapt the HMSC notation to the UML Hierarchical State Machine (HSM) notation and extend this notation to describe the roles that participate in the actions of each state of the global behavior. A simple state represents some local actions of a single role, while a hierarchical state usually represents a collaboration between several roles. Then we describe a derivation algorithm that can be applied to a global model written in this proposed HSM notation and generates a distributable UML HSM model, which contains a hierarchical state machine for each role of the application.
We implemented this derivation algorithm as a tool in the context of the Umple UML development environment. This tool takes a global requirements model written in the extended HSM notation as input and automatically generates a UML HSM model. The distributed implementation environment described in Zakariapour’s thesis is used for generating a distributed Java implementation, where each distributed component contains one Java run-time environment and realizes the behavior of one or several of the roles of the application. A Travel Management System illustrative example has been discussed to illustrate the representation of the global model using the extended HSM notation and to demonstrate the correctness of the generated design models by the tool.
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Abrahamsson, Jan. "Beyond Going Global : Essays on business development of International New Ventures past early internationalization." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125469.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion of International New Ventures, or INVs, emerged in academia in the early-to-mid 1990s and generally refers to entrepreneurial firms that tend to internationalize very early in their life-cycle, and whose expansion into foreign markets occurs much more quickly than predicted by earlier theories of the incremental internationalization process. Previous literature proposes effective networking with market partners and, more recently, internationally viable business model among key distinguishing features of INVs that allow for such early and rapid entry into international markets. Nevertheless, little is yet known regarding how these younger firms develop over time and how they could sustain international growth. With the purpose of filling this gap, this doctoral dissertation scrutinizes business models and business model innovation of INVs beyond their early internationalization, with a particular emphasis on INVs’ external relationships configurations. The dissertation consists of four self-contained essays that represent a methodological mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches and incorporate longitudinal case studies, surveys and register-based data encompassing nine years of Swedish INVs’ development. The findings highlight the importance of the business model as an initial market entry tool, and of business model innovation as a potential growth vehicle over time. Findings also display that INVs work with a broader range of external partners compared to other firms for innovative purposes, and that INVs have different business model innovation patterns compared to other types of internationalized firms. Moreover, INVs focus more heavily on value capture innovations in their business models as they mature and seek to obtain a more centralized position in their industry ecosystem by re-configuring the parameters of existing external relationships or developing new ones. Overall, this dissertation contributes to the international entrepreneurship and business model literature by explicating how maturing INVs need to operate under different business model configurations as compared to emerging INVs, as the original business model might lack scalability after a certain point in time. Furthermore, the dissertation suggests how INVs can pursue a dynamic business model approach and utilize dynamic capabilities to design business models that put the focal firm more in control of the surrounding ecosystem, and reduce constraints that can limit the value capturing potential and thus the growth and development of INVs.
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Theodosopoulos, Theodore. "Stochastic models for global optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).
by Theodore Vassilios Theodosopoulos.
Ph.D.
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Williams, Gareth Wyn. "Methods for global illumination models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global illumination models are used to simulate the complex lighting effects found in nature. This thesis investigates the wavelet radiance global illumination model and the extension of the wavelet radiance algorithm to support non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces. NURBS are a powerful mathematical form for representing freeform surfaces - NURBS are used in many rendering systems and therefore it is very useful to extend illumination models to support these surfaces.
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Sokolov, Andrei P., C. Adam Schlosser, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Sergey Paltsev, David W. Kicklighter, Henry D. Jacoby, Ronald G. Prinn, et al. "MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) Version 2: Model Description and Baseline Evaluation." MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29789.
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The MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) is designed for analyzing the global environmental changes that may result from anthropogenic causes, quantifying the uncertainties associated with the projected changes, and assessing the costs and environmental effectiveness of proposed policies to mitigate climate risk. This report documents Version 2 of the IGSM, which like the previous version, includes an economic model for analysis of greenhouse gas and aerosol precursor emissions and mitigation proposals, a coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface model with interactive chemistry, and models of natural ecosystems. In this global framework the outputs of the combined anthropogenic and natural emissions models provide the driving forces for the coupled atmospheric chemistry and climate models. Climate model outputs then drive a terrestrial model predicting water and energy budgets, CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes, and soil composition, which feed back to the coupled climate/chemistry model. The first version of the integrated framework (which we will term IGSM1) is described in Prinn et al. (1999) and in publications and Joint Program Reports and Technical Notes provided on the Program’s website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/). Subsequently, upgrades of component model capabilities have been achieved, allowing more comprehensive and realistic studies of global change. Highlights of these improvements include: a substantially improved economics model, needed to provide emissions projections and to assess an increasingly complex policy environment; a new global terrestrial model comprised of state-of-the-art biogeophysical, ecological and natural biogeochemical flux components, which provides an improved capacity to study consequences of hydrologic and ecologic change; the addition of a three-dimensional ocean representation, replacing the previous two-dimensional model, which allows examination of the global thermohaline circulation and its associated climate change impacts; the addition of an explicit oceanic carbon cycle including the impact of the biological pump; the addition of a new urban air pollution model enabling better treatments of human health and climate impacts; and the addition of greater flexibility for study of terrestrial ecosystem and urban pollution effects. This report documents the essential features of the new IGSM structure.Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
This research was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; and the Industry and Foundation Sponsors of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change: Alstom Power (France), American Electric Power (USA), BP p.l.c. (UK/USA), Chevron Corporation (USA), CONCAWE (Belgium), DaimlerChrysler AG (Germany), Duke Energy (USA), J-Power (Japan), Electric Power Research Institute (USA), Electricité de France, ExxonMobil Corporation (USA), Ford Motor Company (USA), General Motors (USA), Murphy Oil Corporation (USA), Oglethorpe Power Corporation (USA), RWE Power (Germany), Shell Petroleum (Netherlands/UK), Southern Company (USA), Statoil ASA (Norway), Tennessee Valley Authority (USA), Tokyo Electric Power Company (Japan), Total (France), G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation (USA).
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Narayanan, Anandhi. "Global model for iodine behaviour in reactor containment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ53344.pdf.
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Hague, Matthew. "Saturation methods for global model-checking pushdown systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:40263ddb-312d-4e18-b774-2caf4def0e76.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pushdown systems equip a finite state system with an unbounded stack memory, and are thus infinite state. By recording the call history on the stack, these systems provide a natural model for recursive procedure calls. Model-checking for pushdown systems has been well-studied. Tools implementing pushdown model-checking (e.g. Moped) are an essential back-end component of high-profile software model checkers such as SLAM, Blast and Terminator. Higher-order pushdown systems define a more complex memory structure: a higher-order stack is a stack of lower-order stacks. These systems form a robust hierarchy closely related to the Caucal hierarchy and higher-order recursion schemes. This latter connection demonstrates their importance as models for programs with higher-order functions. We study the global model-checking problem for (higher-order) pushdown systems. In particular, we present a new algorithm for computing the winning regions of a parity game played over an order-1 pushdown system. We then show how to compute the winning regions of two-player reachability games over order-n pushdown systems. These algorithms extend the saturation methods of Bouajjani, Esparza and Maler for order-1 pushdown systems, and Bouajjani and Meyer for higher-order pushdown systems with a single control state. These techniques begin with an automaton recognising (higher-order) stacks, and iteratively add new transitions until the automaton becomes saturated. The reachability result, presented at FoSSaCS 2007 and in the LMCS journal, is the main contribution of the thesis. We break the saturation paradigm by adding new states to the automaton during the iteration. We identify the fixed points required for termination by tracking the updates that are applied, rather than by observing the transition structure. We give a number of applications of this result to LTL model-checking, branching-time model-checking, non-emptiness of higher-order pushdown automata and Büchi games. Our second major contribution is the first application of the saturation technique to parity games. We begin with a mu-calculus characterisation of the winning region. This formula alternates greatest and least fixed point operators over a kind of reachability formula. Hence, we can use a version of our reachability algorithm, and modifications of the Büchi techniques, to compute the required result. The main advantages of this approach compared to existing techniques due to Cachat, Serre and Vardi et al. are that it is direct and that it is not immediately exponential in the number of control states, although the worst-case complexity remains the same.
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Yereniuk, Michael A. "Global Approximations of Agent-Based Model State Changes." Digital WPI, 2020. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/614.
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How can we model global phenomenon based on local interactions? Agent-Based (AB) models are local rule-based discrete method that can be used to simulate complex interactions of many agents. Unfortunately, the relative ease of implementing the computational model is often counter-balanced by the difficulty of performing rigorous analysis to determine emergent behaviors. Calculating existence of fixed points and their stability is not tractable from an analytical perspective and can become computationally expensive, involving potentially millions of simulations. To construct meaningful analysis, we need to create a framework to approximate the emergent, global behavior. Our research has been devoted to developing a framework for approximating AB models that move via random walks and undergo state transitions. First, we developed a general method to estimate the density of agents in each state for AB models whose state transitions are caused by neighborhood interactions between agents. Second, we extended previous random walk models of instantaneous state changes by adding a cumulative memory effect. In this way, our research seeks to answer how memory properties can also be incorporated into continuum models, especially when the memory properties effect state changes on the agents. The state transitions in this type of AB model is primarily from the agents’ interaction with their environment. These modeling frameworks will be generally applicable to many areas and can be easily extended.
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Rost, Nicolas. "A Global Risk Assessment Model for Civil Wars." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-23361.
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Tucker, Joan A. "Local strategies in a global network : disability rights in Jamaica." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002117.
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Sarofim, Marcus C., Chris Eliot Forest, David M. Reiner, and John M. Reilly. "Stabilization and Global Climate Policy." MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5423.
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Academic and political debates over long-run climate policy often invoke “stabilization” of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), but only rarely are non-CO2 greenhouse gases addressed explicitly. Even though the majority of short-term climate policies propose trading between gases on a global warming potential (GWP) basis, discussions of whether CO2 concentrations should be 450, 550, 650, or perhaps as much as 750 ppm leave unstated whether there should be no additional forcing from other GHGs beyond current levels or whether separate concentration targets should be established for each GHG. Here we use an integrated modeling framework to examine multi-gas stabilization in terms of temperature, economic costs, carbon uptake, and other important consequences. We show that there are significant differences in both costs and climate impacts between different "GWP equivalent" policies and demonstrate the importance of non-CO2 GHG reduction on timescales of up to several centuries.Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
Sarofim was supported in part by a Martin Sustainability Fellowship
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Huo, Yongliang. "Mouse model of Cooley's anemia." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010r/huo.pdf.
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Thomas, Sunu Samuel. "Murine models of cerebral ischemia, development of a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia; response of GluR2 knockout mice in a model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0026/MQ50439.pdf.
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Goodchild, S. J. "Studies of stratospheric chemistry using global models and global observations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599501.
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The aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the distribution of stratospheric ozone which is determined by both dynamical and photochemical processes. This is of particular importance since ozone adsorbs incoming solar UV radiation which would otherwise be harmful to humans. In 1985 the Antarctic Ozone hole was discovered alerting the world to the impact human activity has had upon stratospheric ozone. In recent years a significant decline in ozone has also been detected at high northern latitudes during spring. This thesis uses numerical models of varying complexity in order to study the stratospheric circulation, and the chemistry occurring therein. The results from the model integrations described are compared to observations made by instruments on board the UARS satellite. A new stratospheric chemistry scheme is described. Simple box model studies show that this model is capable of simulating the almost complete removal of ozone seen to occur at certain altitudes during Antarctic spring. This experiment highlights interesting differences in the behaviour of chlorine compounds in the two hemispheres. Sensitivity studies are performed in order to determine the precise conditions required for severe ozone destruction. It is found that the average ozone destruction rate over the period of the integration is inversely proportional to the maximum C1ONO2 mixing ratio produced by the model. The model shows some sensitivity to the ozone column used in the photolysis calculation, however it is not considered that sufficient improvement would be obtained by using a fully interactive photolysis scheme to justify the computational expense of this calculation. The new chemistry scheme is coupled to the SLIMCAT off-line model in order to study the 1991-92 northern hemisphere winter. It is found that if instead of using 2-dimensional model data to initialise the model a more realistic simulation is produced by using observations of long lived gases made by the UARS satellite. It is found that whilst the model is capable of reproducing ozone depletion, the denoxification within the model is too severe. This results in the deactivation of chlorine being unrealistically slow. In order to investigate the longer term variation of ozone a one year integration of the SLIMCAT model coupled to a parameterised chemistry scheme is performed. When the model results are compared to observations there is evidence that the model's simulation of lower stratosphere tropical dynamics is poor. Budget studies of N2O reveal that the main cause of this problem is the lack of means continuity in this region of the model. When the experiment is repeated, imposing mass continuity on each isentropic surface, the resulting N2O distribution is much more realistic.
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Phoon, Syin Yi. "Application of global circulation model results on hydrological conceptual models that simulate future river flows feeding Lake Victoria, East Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443641.
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Kruch, Serge. "Comportement global des materiaux composites viscoelastiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA06A006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apres un rappel de la theorie d'homogeneisation en elasticite, on developpe l'etude des lois de comportement viscoelastiques homogeneisees. Analyse du module complexe homogeneise. Application a l'etude du composite sic/sic
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MacKay, Robert Malcolm. "The GCRC two-dimensional zonally averaged statistical dynamical climate model : development, model performance, and climate sensitivity /." Full text open access at:, 1994. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,199.
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Rocha, Beatriz de Sousa. "The influence of the global crisis on the slowdown of the emerging markets." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13507.
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This paper investigates the empirical relationship between the 2007-2009 financial crisis, the 2010-2012 sovereign debt crisis and the recent emerging equity markets slowdown. The exposure of the emerging markets to the crisis of the developed markets is quantified using an interdependence factor model. The results show that emerging markets did suffer a shock from both crisis, yet they recovered while the developed markets were still struggling. After the sovereign debt crisis emerging markets slowed down synchronized with the developed market’s recovery. The paper further analyses whether capital flows explain the connection between these two events, finding this relationship exists.
A presente dissertação investiga a relação empírica entre a crise financeira de 2007-2009, a crise da dívida soberana de 2010-2012 e a recente desaceleração dos mercados de capitais nos mercados emergentes. A exposição dos mercados emergentes à crise nos desenvolvidos é quantificada através de um modelo de interdependência de factores. Os resultados mostram que estes sofreram, de facto, um choque provocado por ambas as crises. No entanto, este foi um choque de curta duração enquanto os mercados desenvolvidos ainda lutavam com as consequências resultantes das sucessivas crises financeiras. A análise do modelo mostra ainda que após a crise da divida soberana, enquanto os mercados desenvolvidos iniciam a sua recuperação, os emergentes desaceleram o seu crescimento. De forma a completar a análise do modelo foi efectuado um estudo sobre a influência dos fluxos de capitais entre os mercados emergentes e desenvolvidos na direcção do seu crescimento, revelando que existe uma relação entre estes dois eventos.
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Huang, Hanjun, and Ran Shen. "The Business Model of Chinese Manufacturing Born Global Companies." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19129.
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Regarding that the business model is widely used in e-business, we consider that every business should have its own business model which helps a company to evaluate the business and also create a dynamic business. In addition, the emphasis of this research is combined with another element – Born Global, which caters the globalization trend in recent decades. In fact, there are more and more Born Globals setting up in emerging market countries such as China, especially most of them are involved in manufacturing industry. In this case, the focus of this research is on the business model of Chinese manufacturing Born Globals. We investigate deeply through the interaction of each component of the business model to see how Chinese manufacturing Born Globals design and manage their business to achieve successful internationalization within China’s particular political and social background. After reviewing abundant literatures about business model components, we conclude them into 11 components categories. Furthermore, we combine the critical success factors of Chinese Born Globals with the business model components we summarized together to find what elements may more important to Chinese Born Globals’ internationalization. Based on these, we build a new framework which includes all the 11 elements, 3 interfaces, 2 frames and 1 external environment factor to investigate how these elements interact with each, what is the logic behind the business model generally and how the external environment influence the business model. At the end, we give out a probable evaluation method for the business model. Qualitative case study is adopted in this paper. We choose a Chinese manufacturing Born Global as case company. Both secondary and primary data are used in this research. We gather primary data through questionnaire survey and 4 times interviews. Due to the wide range of our topic and large size of our case company, we use a lot secondary data to get more comprehensive understandings of the case company. Through the analysis of case company, we get the main picture of how Chinese manufacturing Born Glonals’ business model look like. In the conclusion, firstly we give out a brief description of what is Chinese manufacturing Born Globals’ business model. Moreover, we find the human resources within the business model cause Chinese Born Globals’ production ability, innovation ability and finally contribute to its important OEM production. As a result, we actually use the Chinese manufacturing Born Globals’ business model to explain their rapid international success. Besides that, we also get some new findings of Chinese manufacturing Born Globals from the aspects of internationalization motivation, process and success factors. According to the evaluation of Chinese manufacturing Born Globals’ business model, we find some crucial problems for example the lost brand value, the low profit and poor sustainability. These conclusions actually provide some managerial suggestions for Chinese manufacturing companies who aim to go abroad or reform their business models.no
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Heath, Jeffrey W. "Global optimization of finite mixture models." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7179.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computation Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ladicky, Lubor. "Global structured models towards scene understanding." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543818.
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Sibson, Keith. "Programming language abstractions for the global network." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368587.
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Oxberry, Geoffrey Malcolm. "Establishing global error bounds for model reduction in combustion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84382.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 223-239).
In addition to theory and experiment, simulation of reacting flows has become important in policymaking, industry, and combustion science. However, simulations of reacting flows can be extremely computationally demanding due to the wide range of length scales involved in turbulence, the wide range of time scales involved in chemical reactions, and the large number of species in detailed chemical reaction mechanisms in combustion. To compensate for limited available computational resources, reduced chemistry is used. However, the accuracy of these reduced chemistry models is usually unknown, which is of great concern in applications; if the accuracy of a simplified model is unknown, it is risky to rely on the results of that model for critical decision-making. To address this issue, this thesis derives bounds on the global error in reduced chemistry models. First, it is shown that many model reduction methods in combustion are based on projection; all of these methods can be described using the same equation. After that, methods from the numerical solution of ODEs are used to derive separate a priori bounds on the global error in the solutions of reduced chemistry models for both projection-based reduced chemistry models and non-projection-based reduced chemistry models. The distinguishing feature between the two sets of bounds is that bounds on projection-based reduced chemistry models are stronger than those on non-projection-based reduced chemistry models. In both cases, the bounds are tight, but tend to drastically overestimate the error in the reduced chemistry. The a priori bounds on the global error in the solutions of reduced chemistry models demonstrate that if the error in the time derivatives of the state variables in the reduced model is controlled, then the error in the reduced model solution is also controlled; this thesis proves that result for the first time. Source code is included for all results presented. After presenting these results, the development of more accurate global error information is discussed. Using the error bounds above, in concert with more accurate global error information, it should be possible to assess better the accuracy and reliability of reduced chemistry models in applications.
by Geoffrey Malcolm Oxberry.
Ph.D.
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Zhang, Kai, Declan O'Donnell, Jan Kazil, Philip Stier, Stefan Kinne, Ulrike Lohmann, Sylvaine Ferrachat, et al. "The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM, version 2." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-184753.
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This paper introduces and evaluates the second version of the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM. Major changes have been brought into the model, including new parameterizations for aerosol nucleation and water uptake, an explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols,
modified emission calculations for sea salt and mineral dust, the coupling of aerosol microphysics to a two-moment stratiform cloud microphysics scheme, and alternative wet scavenging parameterizations. These revisions extend the model’s capability to represent details of the aerosol lifecycle and its interaction with climate. Nudged simulations of the year 2000 are carried out to compare the aerosol properties and global distribution in HAM1 and HAM2, and to evaluate them against various observations. Sensitivity experiments are performed to help identify the impact of each individual update in model formulation. Results indicate that from HAM1 to HAM2 there is a marked weakening of aerosol water uptake in the lower troposphere, reducing the total aerosol water burden from 75 Tg to 51 Tg. The main reason is the newly introduced k-Köhler-theory-based water uptake scheme uses a lower value for the maximum relative humidity cutoff. Particulate organic matter loading in HAM2 is considerably higher in the upper troposphere, because the explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols allows highly volatile oxidation products of the precursors to be vertically transported to regions of very low temperature and to form aerosols there. Sulfate, black carbon,
particulate organic matter and mineral dust in HAM2 have longer lifetimes than in HAM1 because of weaker incloud scavenging, which is in turn related to lower autoconversion efficiency in the newly introduced two-moment cloud microphysics scheme. Modification in the sea salt emission scheme causes a significant increase in the ratio (from 1.6
to 7.7) between accumulation mode and coarse mode emission
fluxes of aerosol number concentration. This leads to a general increase in the number concentration of smaller particles over the oceans in HAM2, as reflected by the higher Ångström parameters. Evaluation against observation reveals that in terms of model performance, main improvements in HAM2 include a marked decrease of the systematic negative bias in the absorption aerosol optical depth, as well as smaller biases over the oceans in Ångström parameter and in the accumulation
mode number concentration. The simulated geographical distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is better correlated with the MODIS data, while the surface aerosol mass concentrations are very similar to those in the old version. The total aerosol water content in HAM2 is considerably closer to the multi-model average from Phase I of the AeroCom
intercomparison project. Model deficiencies that require further efforts in the future include (i) positive biases in AOD over the ocean, (ii) negative biases in AOD and aerosol mass concentration in high-latitude regions, and (iii) negative biases in particle number concentration, especially that
of the Aitken mode, in the lower troposphere in heavily polluted
regions.
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Prescott, Alexander Barrett, and Jon Pelletier. "AN IMPROVED RESOLUTION SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED GLOBAL SEDIMENT FLUX MODEL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613477.
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The magnitude of a river’s sediment discharge provides insight to many ongoing processes in the upstream basin, in particular the basin-averaged erosion rate and the pace of landscape evolution. Knowledge of sediment discharge is applied in agriculture, water quality, calculating dam life expectancy, delta and alluvial fan dynamics, long-term nutrient cycling, and coastal morphology and dynamics. Few models of earth surface sediment processes have been created for the global scale. This thesis improves by a factor of 100 the resolution of a global, spatially-distributed sediment flux model developed by Pelletier (2012) that explicitly differentiates the detachment of sediment from hillslopes and the movement of sediment down-gradient via riverine transport. Using data for monthly precipitation, vegetation cover, slope, soil grain-size distribution, and two free parameters, the model replicates the sediment yield of 128 global rivers with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.73. The parameters that minimize the sum of squared residuals are c1 = 0.060 and c2=3 m s-1. Residual analysis indicates that low-magnitude sediment yields are over predicted and high magnitude sediment yields are under predicted, though this trend may be a function of errors in the routing algorithm used. Residuals are statistically independent of upstream basin area.
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Lin, Eugene S. "A fuzzy global minimum snake model for contour detection /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6120.
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Mangeon, Stephane. "Developing and evaluating a global model for landscape fires." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48066.
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Fires are integral to the global environment. Changes to that environment have, and will, modify fire behaviour. In turn, fires impact the land surface by burning vegetation, and the atmosphere by emitting large amounts of heat, gases and aerosols. I first studied extreme wildfires in North America, finding satellite observations estimate 79% of the burnt area logged by ground crews during firefighting campaigns, and only 54% during peak burning days. I then describe the development of one such model: the INteractive Fire and Emission algoRithm for Natural envirOnments (INFERNO), a global fire model developed for the UK Met Office’s Unified Model. It innovates by providing a simple parameterisation which uses information on temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and vegetation, to estimate burnt area and fire emissions at the global scale. Live vegetation is used as a proxy for fuel, in reality, litter and ground fuel are predominant. The model performs well against fire danger indices and observations, but shows regional biases and a notable underestimate of emissions during El-Niño years. INFERNO was most sensitive to changes in soil moisture, with regional patterns of fire also strongly influenced by number of ignitions, fuel density, temperature and humidity. Results from multiple fire models participating in the Fire Model Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) show similar performances, with a multi-model mean underestimate of global burnt area, and overestimate of emissions. I identified systematic biases in fuel consumption, which models generally underestimate in tropical forests and peatlands compared to field observations. Models particularly disagreed in areas with strong human-influences. Global fire models are central to our understanding of how fires interact with the land and the atmosphere on large scales, and hold the potential to be an integral part of global models in the future and to catalyse new understandings of feedbacks in the Earth system.
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Hurlbatt, Richard Andrew Douglas. "Bridging the gap between global and full fluid models : a rapid semi-analytical model for spatially resolved descriptions of electronegative plasmas." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14316/.
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Scientific investigation of plasma phenomena can be undertaken through either experiments, or numerical and analytical modelling, for which there are a number of well-established options. Global models are quick to implement and have low computation cost, but approximate bulk values. Fluid models can take days to solve, but provide spatial profiles. This work details a different type of model, analytically similar to fluid models, but computationally closer to a global model, and able to give spatially resolved solutions for the challenging environment of electronegative plasmas. Equations are derived to describe the time averaged spatial profiles of densities, fluxes, and temperatures. Through extended analytical work and normalisations, the resulting differential equations can be solved with an initial value type integration scheme. This is found to be hundreds of times faster than boundary value type methods. Results and trends are analysed for a symmetrical capacitively coupled oxygen plasma, and relationships between properties are found to conform to the existing knowledge. The behaviour of the system is found to change depending on whether or not the self-interaction of charged species is significant compared to the interaction with the neutrals. Results from the semi-analytical model agree well with a significantly more detailed and computationally intensive fluid model. In addition to the bulk spatial profiles agreeing both qualitatively and quantitatively, the values of other measured plasma properties agree over a range of system pressures and powers. This comparison is demonstrated to be favourable when contrasted with the results of a global model. The dynamics of the neutral gas are found to be an important consideration for plasma densities greater than around one part per million. In this model the frictional forces from fast moving ions and thermal energy transfer from hot electrons are the leading cause of disturbance to the neutral properties.
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Indrakanti, Saratchandra. "A Global Stochastic Modeling Framework to Simulate and Visualize Epidemics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115099/.
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Epidemics have caused major human and monetary losses through the course of human civilization. It is very important that epidemiologists and public health personnel are prepared to handle an impending infectious disease outbreak. the ever-changing demographics, evolving infrastructural resources of geographic regions, emerging and re-emerging diseases, compel the use of simulation to predict disease dynamics. By the means of simulation, public health personnel and epidemiologists can predict the disease dynamics, population groups at risk and their geographic locations beforehand, so that they are prepared to respond in case of an epidemic outbreak. As a consequence of the large numbers of individuals and inter-personal interactions involved in simulating infectious disease spread in a region such as a county, sizeable amounts of data may be produced that have to be analyzed. Methods to visualize this data would be effective in facilitating people from diverse disciplines understand and analyze the simulation. This thesis proposes a framework to simulate and visualize the spread of an infectious disease in a population of a region such as a county. As real-world populations have a non-homogeneous demographic and spatial distribution, this framework models the spread of an infectious disease based on population of and geographic distance between census blocks; social behavioral parameters for demographic groups. the population is stratified into demographic groups in individual census blocks using census data. Infection spread is modeled by means of local and global contacts generated between groups of population in census blocks. the strength and likelihood of the contacts are based on population, geographic distance and social behavioral parameters of the groups involved. the disease dynamics are represented on a geographic map of the region using a heat map representation, where the intensity of infection is mapped to a color scale. This framework provides a tool for public health personnel and epidemiologists to run what-if analyses on disease spread in specific populations and plan for epidemic response. By the means of demographic stratification of population and incorporation of geographic distance and social behavioral parameters into the modeling of the outbreak, this framework takes into account non-homogeneity in demographic mix and spatial distribution of the population. Generation of contacts per population group instead of individuals contributes to lowering computational overhead. Heat map representation of the intensity of infection provides an intuitive way to visualize the disease dynamics.
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Fang, Zaili. "Some Advanced Model Selection Topics for Nonparametric/Semiparametric Models with High-Dimensional Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40090.
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Model and variable selection have attracted considerable attention in areas of application where datasets usually contain thousands of variables. Variable selection is a critical step to reduce the dimension of high dimensional data by eliminating irrelevant variables. The general objective of variable selection is not only to obtain a set of cost-effective predictors selected but also to improve prediction and prediction variance. We have made several contributions to this issue through a range of advanced topics: providing a graphical view of Bayesian Variable Selection (BVS), recovering sparsity in multivariate nonparametric models and proposing a testing procedure for evaluating nonlinear interaction effect in a semiparametric model.
To address the first topic, we propose a new Bayesian variable selection approach via the graphical model and the Ising model, which we refer to the ``Bayesian Ising Graphical Model'' (BIGM). There are several advantages of our BIGM: it is easy to (1) employ the single-site updating and cluster updating algorithm, both of which are suitable for problems with small sample sizes and a larger number of variables, (2) extend this approach to nonparametric regression models, and (3) incorporate graphical prior information.
In the second topic, we propose a Nonnegative Garrote on a Kernel machine (NGK) to recover sparsity of input variables in smoothing functions. We model the smoothing function by a least squares kernel machine and construct a nonnegative garrote on the kernel model as the function of the similarity matrix. An efficient coordinate descent/backfitting algorithm is developed.
The third topic involves a specific genetic pathway dataset in which the pathways interact with the environmental variables. We propose a semiparametric method to model the pathway-environment interaction. We then employ a restricted likelihood ratio test and a score test to evaluate the main pathway effect and the pathway-environment interaction.Ph. D.
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Ekwenchi, Ogochukwu Charity. "Popular fiction television production in Nigeria : global models, local responses." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2008. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9156w/popular-fiction-television-production-in-nigeria-global-models-local-responses.
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This thesis explores the ways in which popular fiction television is produced in Nigeria in the 21st century and through it the investigation of social relations in the industry and the analysis of its products. In so doing the thesis also interrogates the assumptions of social theorists regarding the impact that the globalization of culture is supposed to have on local cultures. Drawing on empirical evidence from fieldwork carried out in Nigeria between February and June 2006 involving participant observation in the location production of a television drama series, semi-structured and unstructured interviews with 15 people in Nigeria’s television industry, the thesis argues that despite some production practices in the industry not yet being, according to the practitioners, up to scratch, Nollywood has also evolved social and institutional structures which are recognisable features of the structure of the television industry everywhere. The thesis also argues that despite its having an industry that is ranked third in the world in terms of output, the West, but Hollywood in particular, retains a strong grip on the imagination of Nigeria’s popular fiction television producers. For a more nuanced account of the impact of the globalization of culture on Nigeria’s popular fiction television industry, however, I propose that we need to go beyond how people speak about what they do, to how they do what they do. Analysis of popular conventions of a less powerful audio visual industry, like Nigeria’s Nollywood, alongside those of Hollywood will help unpack further the nature of the impact that dominant cultures are assumed to have on local cultures.