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1
Casal, Paula. "Global Taxes on Natural Resources." Journal of Moral Philosophy 8, no. 3 (2011): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552411x591339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThomas Pogge's Global Resources Dividend relies on a flat tax on the use of natural resources to fund the eradication of world poverty. Hillel Steiner's Global Fund taxes the full rental value of owned natural resources and distributes the proceeds equally. The paper compares the Dividend and the Fund and defends the Global Share, a novel proposal that taxes either use or ownership, does so (when possible) progressively, and distributes the revenue according to a prioritarian rather than a sufficientarian or egalitarian principle.
2
Reitberger, Magnus. "Targeting rents: Global taxes on natural resources." European Journal of Political Theory 19, no. 4 (May 30, 2017): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885117707137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the debate on global justice, proposals to tax natural resources in order to reduce global poverty and fund other worthwhile objectives have attracted scholarly attention and controversy. In this article, I argue that this debate can be advanced by more clearly focusing on natural resource rents rather than resources themselves or the undifferentiated stream of benefits they generate. I argue that taxes on natural resource rents cannot be reasonably rejected by either side in this debate, and that the arguments typically used to resist distributive claims to natural resources either have no relevance when it comes to rents, or actually support such taxes.
3
Botvina, Natalia. "INTEGRATION OF DOMESTIC BANKS IN THE WORLD FINANCIAL SYSTEM." Economic Analysis, no. 30(3) (2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.03.056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article reveals the integration of domestic banks into the global financial system. An urgent issue today is the integration of the activities of domestic commercial banks into the global financial system, which is characterized by globalization processes. Globalization is a process of global economic, political and cultural integration, the main characteristics of which are the world division of labor, global migration of monetary, human and productive resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological processes, as well as the convergence of cultures of different countries. The economic aspects of globalization are characterized by free trade, free movement of capital, reduction of taxes on the profits of enterprises, ease of movement of industries between different states in order to reduce the costs of labor and natural resources.
4
Becken, Susanne, and Pei Yu Ren. "Challenges for Tourism in Natural Areas – Cost of Carbon and Natural Disasters." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism involves travel, and travelling is inherently dependent on carbon-based fuel. The low cost of carbon fuels resulted in massive expansions of global tourism with many countries now depending on tourism exports for their national economies. However, oil is a finite resource and tourism’s dependence on it creates major vulnerabilities. It is also increasingly recognised that to combat man-made global climate change it is essential to put a price on carbon, for example through carbon taxes or Emissions Trading Schemes. The implications of a diminishing availability of cheap carbon-based fuel are extremely complex and far reaching, both for society as a whole and for tourism.
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Hair, Jay D. "NWF Takes up Call for Natural Resources Protection." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 29, no. 4 (May 1987): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1987.9928878.
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OSTROVETSKY, Vitalii. "Prospects for development of environmental taxation in Ukraine." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2020, no. 10 (December 24, 2020): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2020.10.112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of technologies entails the deterioration of both the global environmental situation and at the regional level. The solution of environmental issues is directly related to the use of natural resources, as well as the utilization of the economic system, including through the transformation of waste into raw materials for energy production, various materials, reduction of toxic emissions into the air, water, biodiversity, etc. The main economic instruments of environmental protection and improvement of the ecological situation, which are used in world practice for these purposes, are analyzed. Among them are special taxes, pledge-refundable schemes and expanded business responsibility. The analysis of economic instruments of state regulation of nature management and sources of funding for environmental measures in Ukraine suggests that it needs to be revised and systematized with a scientifically sound definition of the parameters of mandatory payments in favour of the state and the proportions of natural distribution resource payments between the parts of the budget system to prevent the scattering of financial resources and their targeted use to finance environmental protection programs and improve the environmental situation in Ukraine. The expediency of strengthening the integration of such payments into the structure of existing taxes on goods (excise tax on gasoline), while maintaining environmental incentives, in particular, coordination with the taxation of corporate profits, for example, in the form of a reduction factor in the case of their include cost. In this case, the environmental component of taxation should correspond to the scale of environmental damage and is the basis of the mechanism for calculating tax payments or other economic incentives. This can be ensured by deepening the differentiation of tax rates depending on the damage to the environment, as well as the conditions of use of natural resources, the availability of certification of nature management enterprises according to ISO 14000 standard.
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Zvarych, Iryna. "“TAX SHIFT” AS A SMART PRECONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF INCLUSIVE CIRCULAR ECONOMY." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author outlines the role of environmental or “green” taxes that are less burdensome for the economy than taxes on salaries or income taxes, with the description of the best examples of the 1990s (Sweden, the Netherlands). The importance of Ex'tax and smart approach to the tax shift, which creates incentives for saving natural resources and outputting materials in a closed loop, are singled out. Reduction of taxes for labor leads to employment increase. Business models, in their turn, will focus on the wise use of resources, that is, they will become circularly oriented. It is investigated that the lowest taxes were introduced in Ireland, Romania, Cyprus, Poland. The highest taxes were in Austria, Belgium, and Sweden in 2016. Environmental taxes are the lowest in Luxembourg, Ireland, Germany and the Czech Republic, and the highest ones are in Denmark and Greece. It is proved that with the help of “tax shift” and mechanisms of circular economy an inclusive society is formed. According to the results of the analysis, it is possible to identify the countries in which this “tax shift” has already taken place. They are Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. That is, from 2006 to 2016, these countries offer inclusive and circular business models that become the rule for their economy. After all, the corresponding tax shift is a key element for the disclosure of the social force of the circular economy. The concept of Cradle to Cradle is described in the article. It offers a truly viable alternative to the “development or conservation” dilemma, since it can contribute to the improvement of the natural ecosystem and at the same time promotes human social justice, that is, it forms an inclusive society in a global dimension. The circular production system is based on this concept. There are 3 basic benchmarks for the circular economy 2.0: inclusiveness of the population; formation of human value; the well-being of people. Inclusive circular models are outlined using Pay-As-They-Need, Pay-As-They-Grow, Paid-As-They-Care.
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MAKKI, Mohammad, Mira KHALILI, and Jeanne Laure MAWAD. "Towards Sustainability, Can Higher Oil Rents Increase Renewable Energy Consumption? And Can higher Oil Prices and Taxes on Investments Increase Renewable Energy Investment?" 14th GCBSS Proceeding 2022 14, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.2(18).
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable development is attracting great attention from economists lately looking at it as a way to minimize capital depletion and to make it accessible to the global present and future population. The concept of sustainable development embraces the importance of sustaining the world's resources while trying to harmonize the relationship between humans' behavior and activities and the natural environment. This entitles changing the ways and methods of how producers develop and use productive technologies; how and what goods and services consumers demand; and how governments, local authorities, NGOs and any other relevant players plan and act in the economy. Energy is a factor that contributes to making our world habitable. It is deemed one of the most important factors of life on earth. In particular, the world's energy use is made up of 80% of fossil fuels, or what is known as non-renewable energies. Fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas. As a result, the world is pretty much non-renewable energy-dependent and unsustainable. Non-renewable energy sources, are resources hoped to be gained from wars, conflicts, and power disputes. In addition to conflicts, the problem that dominates the public discussion on non-renewable energy is climate change. Inflation is another con of non-renewable energy dependence: surging energy costs have boosted inflation, especially in Europe, after fossil-fuel prices nearly doubled in 2021, and as a consequence of the Russian Ukrainian conflict, oil prices hit a 14-year high, Global oil prices have spiked about 60% since the start of 2022, raising concerns about global economic growth and stagflation. Keywords: Sustainability; Renewable energy; Oil rents; Oil prices; Policy.
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Dewi, Renita Rachma, and Elia Mustikasari. "Analisis Penanganan Manipulasi Transfer Pricing Perpajakan Dalam Menjawab Tantangan Global." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 30, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i02.p14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transfer pricing basically aims to measure company performance and has become a media to manipulate taxes, resulting in state revenue, which results in state stability, national problems and global challenges. This research method is qualitative with the transfer pricing case study approach. The data is secondary and the process of collecting data from reliable online sources. The analysis technique uses data reduction, data display and verification. The results explain that the factors of manipulation of transfer pricing are the presence of special company relationships, bonus systems and mechanisms, acquisition of unnatural profits, foreign ownership and political cost. The process of handling is reforming taxation, which includes natural resources, organizations, business processes, data, information technology and regulation. The role of behavioral accounting is to create professionalism and responsibility with the principles of fairness and custom of business, value chain analysis, activity based costing and just in time philosophy.
Keywords: Transfer Pricing; Tax; Behavioral Accounting; Global Challenges.
10
Et.al, Agus Lanini. "The Effectiveness of Customary Law to Protect Natural Resources in The National Park in Central Sulawesi." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 1191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most of the local communities living around the forest fulfil their daily needs, depending on the forest resources, but the government and even global policy have enacted the forest as a protected area or national park. The purpose of this research is to understand and explain the principles of customary law concerning the natural resources that exist in the national park, and to determine the effectiveness of customary law in protecting these natural resources. The research method applied to explore community values and attitudes is socio-legal. The research revealed society's habits through exploration, and norms and the rule of law are embraced. Some principles of customary law on natural resources include palia (taboo) and ombo (prohibition) pertinent to natural resource conservation. Both of these principles are adhered to and have been hereditary. The values on utilising natural resources are still complied with (effective), although state law takes a formal approach for any infringement surrounding the national park. However, customary law principles still always need to be a source for environmental or related law.
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Mancilla, Alejandra. "Greening Global Egalitarianism?" Global Justice : Theory Practice Rhetoric 13, no. 01 (July 28, 2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gjn.13.01.185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Justice and Natural Resources: An Egalitarian Theory (2017), Chris Armstrong proposes a version of global egalitarianism that – contra the default renderings of this approach – takes individual attachment to specific resources into account. By doing this, his theory has the potential for greening global egalitarianism both in terms of procedure and scope. In terms of procedure, its broad account of attachment and its focus on individuals rather than groups connects with participatory governance and management and, ultimately, participatory democracy – an essential ingredient in the toolkit of green politics and policy-making. In terms of scope, because it does not commit itself to any particular moral framework, Armstrong’s theory leaves the door open for non-human animals to become subjects of justice, thus extending the realm of the latter beyond its traditionally anthropocentric borders. I conclude that these greenings are promising, but not trouble-free.
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Alper, Ali Eren. "Analysis of Carbon Tax on Selected European Countries: Does Carbon Tax Reduce Emissions?" Applied Economics and Finance 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v5i1.2843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the first days of its existence, the humanity had been using natural resources to meet its needs. Especially along with the globalization period as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of communication technologies within the last fifty years, the production has increased significantly in the world and has created negative effects on the environment. The leading adverse effects involve the emission of greenhouse gases and the global warming, which stem from the energy supply of fossil fuels as the main inputs of production. The global warming can be described as an increase in temperature worldwide. Irreversibility is the most important feature of the global warming. Therefore, in the absence of objective measures, the future costs would be much higher than the current ones. For this reason, governments need to take various measures to reduce the volume of emissions. The most important of these measures is carbon taxes. Carbon taxation encourages individuals to use fewer fossil fuels and to find new sources of energy by increasing the cost of using fossil fuels that cause carbon dioxide emissions through the price mechanism. To this end, the impacts of carbon tax levied in 18 selected European countries on economic growth, urbanization, natural gas and petroleum usage, and CO2 emissions are examined by panel data analysis for the 1995-2015 period. The analysis results indicate that a 1% increase in environmental taxes reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 0.9%. Furthermore, it is reported that a 1% increase in natural gas and petroleum consumption among the variables included in the analysis increased carbon dioxide emissions by 0.1% and 0.7%, respectively; while a 1% increase in urbanization reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 0.9%.
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Moretto, Luisa, Giuseppe Faldi, Marco Ranzato, Federica Natalia Rosati, Jean-Pierre Ilito Boozi, and Jacques Teller. "Challenges of water and sanitation service co-production in the global South." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247818790652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Co-production of water and sanitation services, especially in the global South, implies that recipients of a service play a fundamental role in managing water resources. In the context of citizen–government synergies, service recipients are more than consumers, and (co)-production alters their involvement in the service production process, with respect to their relationships with both the natural resources and the delivery process. Our hypothesis is that a meaningful understanding of co-production for water and sanitation services is only possible through an interdisciplinary approach that takes into account natural and social dimensions. The objective is to develop a possible new conceptualization of service co-production that can foster a renewed citizenship while taking into account the risks of urban fragmentation.
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Grecksch, Kevin, and Jessica Holzhausen. "Property rights revisited – are narratives the way forward?" International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-09-2016-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to show how property rights predominantly shape discussions about the governance of natural resources and thereby neglect questions of (collective) identities and alternative solutions to govern natural resources. The purpose is to introduce narratives as an alternative approach to the discussion about the governance of natural resources. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the question of how we acquire property and what that tells us about our understanding of to whom natural resources belong to, the paper reviews the history of property rights by looking into property theories starting from Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. It then takes a closer look at The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study and the Nagoya Protocol with regard to property rights. Second, the paper introduces the concept of narratives surrounding property rights in the past and present. Findings Property rights are a social concept dominant in the industrialised world. This has strong implications when looking at the way indigenous people look at natural resources. Mostly, property rights are unknown to them or alternative concepts exist. Yet, documents such as the Nagoya Protocol or the TEEB study presuppose an understanding of property rights originating in European property concepts. A narrative approach to property rights introduces new ideas and looks beyond legislation and policies at the stories people tell about property and natural resources, at property stereotypes and identities and what this might entail for future natural resource governance. Originality/value The paper fulfils a need to find alternative approaches to govern natural resources against the background of global environmental challenges.
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Leal Filho, Walter, Julian Hunt, Alexandros Lingos, Johannes Platje, Lara Vieira, Markus Will, and Marius Gavriletea. "The Unsustainable Use of Sand: Reporting on a Global Problem." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sand is considered one of the most consumed natural resource, being essential to many industries, including building construction, electronics, plastics, and water filtration. This paper assesses the environmental impact of sand extraction and the problems associated with its illegal exploitation. The analysis indicates that extracting sand at a greater rate than that at which it is naturally replenished has adverse consequences for fauna and flora. Further, illicit mining activities compound environmental damages and result in conflict, the loss of taxes/royalties, illegal work, and losses in the tourism industry. As sea-level rise associated with climate change threatens coastal areas, sand in coastal areas will play an increasingly greater role in determining the amount of damage from floods and erosion. The present analysis points to the need for swift action to regulate sand mining, monitoring, law enforcement, and international cooperation.
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Johnson, Kathleen R. "Tales from the Underground: Speleothem Records of Past Hydroclimate." Elements 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.2.93.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geochemical records from speleothems have significantly advanced our understanding of natural climate variability over the last ~600,000 years. Speleothems are sensitive recorders of past changes in hydroclimate because they can be precisely dated and contain multiple hydrologically sensitive geochemical proxies. Oxygen isotope records from speleothems tell us about the timing and mechanisms of past changes in precipitation amount, temperature, atmospheric circulation, and/or global monsoon intensity. Variations in speleothem carbon isotope ratios or trace element concentrations reflect changes in local water balance, vegetation, and karst hydrology. Speleothem paleoclimate records represent a window into the past that can provide crucial information for understanding how anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability will impact future water resources on Earth.
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He, Chansheng, and L. Allan James. "Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins." Science China Earth Sciences 64, no. 5 (April 15, 2021): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9723-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOver the past decades, a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes, such as ecohydrology, global hydrology, sociohydrology, supply management, demand management, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). At the same time, rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing, mapping, remote sensing, machine learning, and modelling technologies in hydrological research. Despite those programs and advancements, a water crisis is intensifying globally. The missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at multiple spatial scales. Since the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management, watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing link. This study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management, and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water community. Subsequently, it describes the core components of watershed science: (1) hydrological analysis; (2) water-operation policies; (3) governance; (4) management and feedback. The framework takes into account water availability, water uses, and water quality; explicitly focuses on the storage, fluxes, and quality of the hydrological cycle; defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework; and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources management. It provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.
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McGillivray, Anne. "Tales of the Apocalypse: The Child’s Right to a Secure Climate." International Journal of Children’s Rights 25, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02502014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All rights of children equate with the right to a life-sustaining biosphere. Climate change disproportionately harms children and profoundly threatens their future. Dystopian futures portrayed in cli-fi films illustrate the dangers but also may contribute to paralysis in the face of rapidly increasing global warming. Intergenerational equity frames our duty to future generations. A child-led lawsuit, if successful, will hold the state to its duty to safeguard natural resources. A new corporate paradigm is essential. Central to all strategies is hearing the child.
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Bluszcz, Anna. "Ecological Growth Boundaries." Management Systems in Production Engineering 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2017-0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The trends of the society for the continuous growth, combined with the demographic changes, today have led to the important ecological problems on a global scale, which include, among others: the increased use of non-renewable natural resources, an increase of the greenhouse gas emissions, contamination of soil, water, air and the progressive degradation of ecosystems. In the face of such serious threats the global initiatives of all countries are important to limit the results of the excessive consumption. The aim of the article is to present the methods of measurement of the consumption level of natural resources by the societies and the examination of relationships between the level of development of the societies and the use of resources. The popular measure – the ecological footprint – was used as a measurement method for the consumption of the today’s generations in relation to the regenerative possibilities of the natural environment. On the other hand, as the assessment method for the level of development of societies – the Human Development Index (HDI), including three basic areas: the life expectancy, GDP level per capita and education was used. The results of the research indicate that the current trend of the unlimited consumption of the highly developed countries takes place at the expense of the future generations.
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Dickens, Chris, Vladimir Smakhtin, Matthew McCartney, Gordon O’Brien, and Lula Dahir. "Defining and Quantifying National-Level Targets, Indicators and Benchmarks for Management of Natural Resources to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are high on the agenda for most countries of the world. In its publication of the SDGs, the UN has provided the goals and target descriptions that, if implemented at a country level, would lead towards a sustainable future. The IAEG (InterAgency Expert Group of the SDGs) was tasked with disseminating indicators and methods to countries that can be used to gather data describing the global progress towards sustainability. However, 2030 Agenda leaves it to countries to adopt the targets with each government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances. At present, guidance on how to go about this is scant but it is clear that the responsibility is with countries to implement and that it is actions at a country level that will determine the success of the SDGs. Reporting on SDGs by country takes on two forms: i) global reporting using prescribed indicator methods and data; ii) National Voluntary Reviews where a country reports on its own progress in more detail but is also able to present data that are more appropriate for the country. For the latter, countries need to be able to adapt the global indicators to fit national priorities and context, thus the global description of an indicator could be reduced to describe only what is relevant to the country. Countries may also, for the National Voluntary Review, use indicators that are unique to the country but nevertheless contribute to measurement of progress towards the global SDG target. Importantly, for those indicators that relate to the security of natural resources security (e.g., water) indicators, there are no prescribed numerical targets/standards or benchmarks. Rather countries will need to set their own benchmarks or standards against which performance can be evaluated. This paper presents a procedure that would enable a country to describe national targets with associated benchmarks that are appropriate for the country. The procedure builds on precedent set in other countries but in particular on a procedure developed for the setting of Resource Quality Objectives in South Africa. The procedure focusses on those SDG targets that are natural resource-security focused, for example, extent of water-related ecosystems (6.6), desertification (15.3) and so forth, because the selection of indicator methods and benchmarks is based on the location of natural resources, their use and present state and how they fit into national strategies.
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Yaremenko, Oleh. "Ukraine in the institutional dimension of global conflict and natural localization." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2022, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.02.090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is shown that the institutional environment of global markets was formed under the conditions of technological, financial and political dominance of certain leading countries, which caused today's gap between the integrating capacity of market and structural-institutional mechanisms of the global economy and its actual complexity and potential for conflict. The mechanism for reducing this gap was spontaneous localization as a modern simplification of the structure of the world economy due to massive conflicts and the rejection of a share of cooperative agreements. The contribution to the deterioration of the quality of the institutional environment of the global economy of the process of regeneration of the debt institution is revealed. In the new institutional environment, the demand for liquidity (cash balances) as a function of the motive for foresight takes the twisted form of the demand for inventories, both production and consumer demand, exacerbating the global deficit. The conclusion is substantiated that the global economic power, which is not provided with global resources and value-institutional structures, is a source of uncertainty not only for competitors, but also for itself; the result of its functioning is the deepening of disparities and gaps, which can be partially hidden due to hypertrophied credit. It has been proven that the mutual strengthening of the phenomena of global economic power and hypertrophied credit carries the risk of destroying the social market foundations of economic freedom, trust and justice; this determines the demand for alternative models. It is shown that the criterion for the expediency of alternative models of global development in the conditions of unfolding contradictions between globalization and localization is the ability to more or less stable distribution of powers and responsibilities.
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Kyryziuk, Sergii, Viktor Yarovyi, Igor Prokopa, and Mariia Lukyanova. "Natural Resource-Based Socio-Economic System of Local Communities: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110005016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Local rural communities challenge due to regional disparities on conditions and features of economic, infrastructural, social development etc. Most rural communities are strengthened by natural and environmental bases for economic development compared to urban areas. But during the last two decades they face the global challenge – climate change, which takes a risk of socio-economic system (SES), based on natural resources use. Agriculture and natural-based activities are the most vulnerable systems to climate change. This study aims to test the possibilities for Ukrainian local rural communities to adapt their SES, which are based mainly on natural resources use, toward the building of more resilient to climate change systems. Here, we develop the framework for assessment of vulnerability of community’ SES to climate change, using the integrated indicator-based approach. We estimate the Vulnerability Index for six rural communities, describing the integrated level and by subsystems level of vulnerability. Our assessment confirms the high vulnerability of agriculture and natural ecosystem to climate change. It is a crucial challenge for further socio-economic development of the rural SES with the monofunctional economy which is based on natural resources use. In addition, the problem is exacerbated by the high vulnerability of the social system and infrastructure for most studied communities. Understanding the vulnerable subsystems of community’ SES ensure timely response and the development of concrete policy actions at the community and state levels. In this study we substantiate the hotlist of actions for the most vulnerable subsystems.
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Chai, Ju Vinn, Cen Chen, Fabienne Giauque, and Wei Zhu. "Coase vs. Pigou in the Petroleum Market." Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 3, no. 2 (December 3, 2010): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2010vol3no2art186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels are used extensively in industrial activities and transportation. The carbon emissions gene rated from those markets are the source of a number of negative externalities such as air pollution, climate change , global warming, and the degradation of ecosystems and natural environments. To alleviate such externalities societies are usually left with one of two choices. Governments may choose to impose carbon taxes on consumers and heavy-emitting industries. This is effectively a Pigovian tax regulation, which seeks to make market participants internalize the cost of externalities into their private costs in the hope that the net increase in the cost reduces the size of the externality. As an alternative, governments may use the price mechanism of markets rather than a direct tax. This could be called a Coasian approach to curbing the externality. It usually involves creating property rights over the resource that is being polluted (e.g. air or water) and trading rights to access it. A typical example might be the creation of pollution units such as emission permits or carbon allowances. Through the trading of permits among consumers, mark et forces determine the price of carbon which facilitates an efficient reduction of emissions. In this paper, we debate the relative merits and problems of both approaches - a Coasian market solution and a Pigovian tax regulation. We consider so me concrete applications of both theoretical concepts in doing so.
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Rudko, H. І., V. І. Lovyniukov, S. F. Lytvyniuk, and О. V. Netskyi. "Mineral Resources Management on the basis of the United Nations FrameworClassificaion (National Classification of Mineral Reserves and Resources of Ukraine)." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 4(73) (December 30, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-4(73)-7-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Characteristic of United Nations Framework Classification for fossil energy and mineral reserves and resources (UNFC-2009) as an universal system of mineral reserves/resources deposits evaluation in market conditions, is given. The UNFC-2009 ensures reporting on reserves / resources evaluation for all types of raw ma-terials, takes into account the influence of ecological and social factors and allows to maintain national termi-nology while ensuring its consistency with the international standards. The comparison with the Classification of Ukraine has allowed to establish that National classification is based on the same approaches to categorization of reserves/resources as the UNFC-2009 and all categories of mineral reserves and resources, which are used by Classification of Ukraine, find their analogues in the UNFC-2009 that not only allows to take into account the needs of the state, but also provides comparability of the statistical reporting on reserves/resources at an international level. The directions for development of the Ukraine Classification on the path to its further harmo-nization with the UNFC-2009 and other classification systems (CRIRSCO, SPE PRMS) are determined. The issues of development, promotion and support for the implementation of a global system that can be used as a tool for sustainable management of natural resources are highlighted. Priority is given to the development and deployment of the United Nations Resource Management System (UNRMS) based on the United Nations Framework for Classification of Resources (UNFC), including principles, specifications, guidelines, protocols (procedures and checklists) and best practices designed to promote the sustainable management of energy, raw materials and other resources.
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Mocrei-Rebrean, Lucian. "The Lockean Proviso and Orbital Sustainability—An Anthropological View." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last decades, we have witnessed the gradual commercialization of the Earth orbit. The exponential development of private space activities makes this distant natural field, with the overcoming of technological difficulties, more and more hospitable to free initiative and entrepreneurship. However, the orbital space is considered global commons. Through the imaginary case method, we intend to ponder on possible ways to legally regulate the exploitation of the orbital space, namely the application of Pigouvian taxes, on the sustainability of the orbital environment, through ethical considerations originating from the application of the Lockean proviso. Although they are designed to cover the damage caused by that particular polluting activity, which is difficult to estimate and, in our case, almost impossible to quantify in the long run, the Pigouvian taxes are the result of a proactive logic. The tension between civilization and nature turns the world outside the Earth into a wilderness destined for humanization, another area of exercise of the liberal self. Non-legal reasons for the sustainability of the orbital environment may arise from observing the Lockean principle of fair ownership. Between the prohibition of an unreasonable destruction of nature’s goods and the equitable access to extra-terrestrial resources, the human desire for appropriation updates the proviso destined for the colonization of America in the twenty-first century. Given that there are currently no plans to clean the technological waste in orbit, adopting the conservation of the orbital environment as an ethical principle could help to formulate a more environmentally responsible liberalism, as part of a long-term agenda of exploitation in the vicinity of our planet.
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Haque, Nadeem Ul, and Abdul Qayyum. "Inflation Everywhere is a Monetary Phenomenon: An Introductory Note." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i2pp.179-183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ever since the 1970s, when inflation became a virtually global phenomenon, controlling inflation has become a high priority for policy-makers. Given the well-known costs of inflation, policy now in all countries is inflation-averse. Perhaps one of the more important adverse consequences of inflation may be that high and persistent inflation is a regressive tax1 which adversely impacts the poor.2 The poor are extremely limited in their options to protect themselves against inflation; they are normally asset-poor, while most of their saving is in the form of cash. Inflation erodes cash savings and protects the rich who hold real assets.3 It is not surprising that inflation may be politically costly for the government. Studies have also found that high and volatile inflation has been detrimental to growth and financial sector development. Resource allocation is inhibited as inflation obscures relative price changes and thus inhibits optimal resource allocation. For policy to control inflation, it is important to understand the factors that drive inflation. Unquestionably, empirical evidence points to “inflation being always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon” [Friedman (1963)]. However, there still remains some debate on whether supply-side factors could cause inflation without monetary accommodation.4 The structuralist school of thought holds that supply constraints that drive up prices of specific goods can have wider repercussions on the overall price level. Similarly, there are a number of possible sources of rising costs such as wages, profits, imported inflation-exchange rate, commodity prices, external shocks, exhaustion of natural resources, and taxes. For example, in Pakistan, increases in the wheat support price have frequently been blamed for increasing inflation.5 ........
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Mazina, Ainur, Dinara Syzdykova, Ainur Myrzhykbayeva, Gulnur Raikhanova, and Aliya Nurgaliyeva. "Impact of Green Fiscal Policy on Investment Efficiency of Renewable Energy Enterprises in Kazakhstan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Years of industrialization and reliance on energies such as oil and coal have resulted in global pollution on an unprecedented scale. Carbon footprint, destruction of forests, melting away of ice caps in the North Pole, and climate change have persuaded many to adopt a more sustainable growth. In the wake of this catastrophe, “green” energy is a phenomenon that takes a step toward sustained development. Green energy consists of innovative and cost-effective ways to address the global consciousness by switching to renewable energy, water resources management, waste reduction, etc. Green Fiscal Policy aims to align prices and mobilize resources for climate change and sustainable development. Many developed and developing countries like Kazakhstan are taking the initiative towards zero carbon emission and renewable energy. The challenges of implementing the required policies include overcoming the barriers of the status quo to establish a new Geo-political and economic system in Kazakhstan. Political and economic challenges persist despite its vision for 2050 that Green Economy influences. This report focuses on Kazakhstan's natural resources, topography, and renewable energy enterprises. The Green Fiscal Policy is closely examined over Kazakhstan's current investment efficiency scenario.
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Hidayati, Nurun. "A DEEPER LOOK INTO RURAL ENGLISH TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT ENGLISH." Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (November 13, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/kls.v2i1.5351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research aimed at finding out two questions: 1). what are rural English teachers’ beliefs about English in a rural school in facing the modern era?; and2). to what extent is English important in a rural school related to its global role viewed from teachers’ belief?. This paper utilized qualitative method in the form of case study. The respondents of the study were three English teachers from a rural school. The data were gathered through observation and interview then analyzed through the interactive model which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion: drawing/verification. The data analyzed reveals that: 1). English is crucially needed in rural school to develop human resources and to lead students to get the latest information; 2). English takes the global role in the rural school for helping students to learn internet and computer, to balance human resources and natural resources and as a foundation for making the connection with other people around the world in the wider scope. At the end of the paper, suggestions, and recommendation were also provided. Keywords: teachers’ beliefs, rural school, the importance of English
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Anastasov, Mark, Nina Kazitskaya, and Irina Politkovskaya. "Environmental and Economic Role of the Lean Production in Transition to Sustainable Development." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 04043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910504043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of “lean production” today is one of the most effective strategic measures for the transition to sustainable development. It is aimed primarily at the initiation of resource-saving technologies at the micro level of production, and gradually takes a global character, turning from a tool of progressive organization of production into harmonization of an ever-expanding industry and environment. This concept is particularly relevant in the context of sustainable development policies that are currently being implemented in technologically advanced countries. However, the uneven economic development of the territories and the high level of differentiation in the technological and socio-economic development of different countries and regions necessitate the creation of new clusters of lean production based on the competitive advantages of the regions. The success of the implementation of sustainable development policies in any country depends largely on how effectively business leaders are aware of the need to invest in resource-saving technologies and use lean production mechanisms designed to reduce overspending of natural resources.
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Fekete, Balázs M., Giovanna Pisacane, and Dominik Wisser. "Crystal balls into the future: are global circulation and water balance models ready?" Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (October 17, 2016): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-41-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Variabilities and changes due to natural and anthropogenic causes in the water cycle always presented a challenge for water management planning. Practitioners traditionally coped with variabilities in the hydrological processes by assuming stationarity in the probability distributions and attempted to address non-stationarity by revising this probabilistic properties via continued hydro-climatological observations. Recently, this practice was questioned and more reliance on Global Circulation Models was put forward as an alternative for water management plannig. This paper takes a brief assessment of the state of Global Circulation Models (GCM) and their applications by presenting case studies over Global, European and African domains accompanied by literature examples. Our paper demonstrates core deficiencies in GCM based water resources assessments and articulates the need for improved Earth system monitoring that is essential not only for water managers, but to aid the improvements of GCMs in the future.
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Golubev, Alexey Valerianovich. "Opportunities for the development of Russian crop production in the context of global challenges." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i11pp4-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is shown that in the context of global challenges, the economy is being reformatted in favor of vital industries, including the agri-food sector. The apparently prosperous state of Russian agriculture and, above all, crop production, which demonstrates long-term growth of production even against the background of slowing down the dynamics of the domestic economy, is by no means unconditional. The development of the industry takes place in conditions of limited reproduction, largely due to the exhaustion of natural, labor, material, technical and financial resources. Such a paradox is fraught with the collapse of crops and problems in ensuring national food security. However, Russian agriculture, which has learned to survive in a crisis situation, with an effective agricultural policy, is capable of more intensive development in the face of global cataclysms. These prospects are connected with the possibility of a sharp increase in the production of natural products in vast territories that have preserved relict shades of agriculture; with the introduction of once abandoned agricultural land into circulation. The conditions that need to be created for the implementation of global competitive advantages of crop production are shown. The semantic analysis of leading publications is carried out, which allows identifying trends in promising world research in agricultural Sciences.
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Beitz, Charles R. "International Liberalism and Distributive Justice: A Survey of Recent Thought." World Politics 51, no. 2 (January 1999): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100008194.
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In recent years there has been a renewal of interest in the liberal tradition in international thought, with particular attention being paid to liberal conceptions of international distributive justice. This article describes and criticizes three different approaches to international distributive justice represented in the recent literature: (1) social liberalism, which takes the nation-state as basic and argues for international transfers to the extent necessary to sustain just domestic institutions; (2) laisser-faire liberalism, which, in its redistributivist variant, aims to rectify injustices arising from the unequal appropriation of natural resources; and (3) cosmopolitan liberalism, which takes each individual's interests as equally deserving of concern in the design of global (and sectional) institutions.
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Santos, Gleberson de Santana dos, and Simone Sehnem. "Analysis practices focused on sustainability in a shopping center from Santa Catarina, according to guidelines Global Reporting Initiative - GRI." Sistemas & Gestão 11, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20985/1980-5160.2016.v11n2.1016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to identify how a mall incorporates sustainability in their management processes. In addition, the study proposes to verify how incorporating sustainability based in the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative the corporate strategy to get competitive advantage and analyze the relevant factors that affect the commitments to sustainability, through the vision of decision makers in the areas strategic organization. The study consists of a survey whose approach is qualitative. This is a survey that ranks over goals in descriptive and qualitative approach. Regarding the proceedings consists of a case study. To collect data, we used the questionnaire instruments and semi-structured interviews with key informants applied responsible for the operations department / maintenance, financial administration, marketing and human resources. It was noted that the organization takes some practice focused on sustainability, such as optimization of natural resources, actions philanthropic and focusing on internal employees programs, but not as effective. This studies follows that it is possible to incorporate strategies and sustainable practices in the strategic management of the enterprise, giving it even competitive advantage, provided that there is full commitment from all sectors and investments in sustainable and conscious actions
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Tan, Jovan, Fabien Jianwei Tan, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Transitioning to a Circular Economy: A Systematic Review of Its Drivers and Barriers." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advancing societal’s progress to achieve circularity is imperative as our linear (take, make, waste) economic model is highly unsustainable. It depletes our natural resources and substantially contributes to pollution and global greenhouse gas emissions. Our continued participation in the linear economy will also expose businesses to volatile resource prices and supply disruptions resulting from the scarcity of critical materials and geopolitical factors. Hence, there are compelling reasons for businesses to transit and participate in the circular economy. However, anecdotal evidence suggests limited practical implementations. Therefore, this systematic review aims to determine the most significant drivers and barriers that influence business leaders to transform their businesses for participation in the circular economy. By clarifying the most influential factors and their characteristics, we can introduce effective measures to encourage or mitigate them. This review takes a transdisciplinary approach to discuss salient and consequential ideas with depth and completeness. Its associated practical and managerial implications are also thoroughly discussed.
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Odorige, Catherine Enoredia. "E-Governance and the Nigerian tax administrative system." Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 325 (March 1, 2018): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v325.27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nigeria like most countries who were ‘unfortunate’ to have rich deposits of natural resources has been ‘battered’ greatly by the economic paradox known as resource curse. Dependence on oil exploration and export meant that politics was played with taxation which remains the oldest and most recognized form of generating revenues for the provision of infrastructures and smooth running of the state. The global fall in crude oil prices, high rates of unemployment and agitations from the population for improved service delivery, has awakened the government to the fact that the days of treating tax revenue collection as favour to political faithful are over. This paper takes a look at the application of information technology efforts by the Nigerian government towards reinforcing revenue generation. It will analyze how the present use of information technology in Tax administrative system has helped to check hitherto exploited loopholes of the revenue administration and to make recommendations towards improvements.
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Oliynychuk, Oleksandra. "Current state of ecological taxation in Ukraine and its improvement according to the EU experience." Prawne Problemy Górnictwa i Ochrony Środowiska, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2020): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ppgos.2020.01-02.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deteriorating environmental situation on Earth has become over the last decades an almost general cause for concern. Many people around the world, united in environmental organisations express their concern because the Earth is our common home, and our health and well-being are dependent on it. At the same time methods of economic activities, intensification of production can lead to ecological catastrophe. Therefore, neglecting environmental issues in global and regional dimensions is unacceptable. Excessive consumption of natural resources, pollution of the atmosphere and water bodies, continuous generation of non-recyclable waste are problems that need not only general recognition, but also the adoption and implementation of effective programmes to prevent the relevant harmful effects. This is especially true of Ukraine in view of the Chornobyl nuclear plant disaster with its ramifications, but this area has not been investigated sufficiently. Unfortunately environmental pollution in Ukraine is one of the major causes of increased mortality. The world community has already implemented preventative and compensatory mechanisms that contribute to the partial restoration of the natural environment. This encourages economical use of natural resources and reduces the environmental impact of business activity. The most effective of these are the economic mechanisms that make environmentally hazardous industries switch to energy-efficient and non-waste or low-waste technologies. An important instrument of these mechanisms is ecological taxation, which is why each country creates its own environmental tax system, adapted to the specifics of economic processes. Moreover, ecological taxation is a critical tool for ensuring the country’s environmental security. Thus, the research of the ecological taxation system, its elements, efficiency of functioning has important scientific and practical value. The purpose of the study is to establish the role of the environmental taxation in ensuring the environmental security, based on the analysis of the current ecological taxation in Ukraine and the EU.The aims of the article are to consider various aspects of environmental taxation in Ukraine and the EU; to make comparisons of the ecological taxes in Ukraine and in the EU countries; to assess the fiscal efficiency of environmental taxation; to suggest the ways to improve the environmental tax system in Ukraine in order to endure the environmental security taking into account the EU experience. The following reasoning methods were used in the research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalisation and others.
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Jung, Jihoo, Jehyun Lee, Sangjin Choi, and Woonho Baek. "Information Analysis on Foreign Institution for International R&D Collaboration Using Natural Language Processing." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The number of international collaborations in research and development (R&D) has been increasing in the energy sector to solve global environmental problems—such as climate change and the energy crisis—and to reduce the time, cost, and risk of failure. Successful international project planning requires the analysis of research fields and the technology expertise of cooperative partner institutions or countries, but this takes time and resources. In this study, we developed a method to analyze the information on research organizations and topics, taking advantage of data analysis as well as deep learning natural language processing (NLP) models. A method to evaluate the relative superiority of efficient international collaboration was suggested, assuming international collaboration of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). Additionally, a workflow of an automated executive summary and a translation of tens of web-posted articles is also suggested for a quick glance. The valuation of the suggested methodology is estimated as much as the annual salary of an experienced employee.
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Yombi Anne, Matutu, and Jagdish Chand. "Geo-polymer concrete- a concrete for sustainable environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The production of the cement concrete industry has grown in this modern world and is considered one of the major contributors to global pollution. The production of cement used as a binder in cement concrete requires a high-temperature combustion process which contributes to the increase of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere leading to major threats to the planet such as climate change and depletion of natural resources. Many countries begin to impose carbon taxes as raw materials deplete over time. To reduce and eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, numerous studies have been conducted to develop an innovative and environmentally beneficial building material names Geo-polymer concrete (GC). It is vital to substitute cement with a by-product substance abundant in silicon and aluminium like red mud, fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), etc. activated by a high alkaline solution (AS) to connect coarse aggregates (CA), fine aggregates (FA), and other substance in GC for the purpose of making a progress in qualities of concrete and reduce natural resource uses. The current study focused on the impact of various factors such as the effect of superplasticizer, Na-OH molarity (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16M), and curing temperature (30-900C) on different mechanical characteristics such as workability, tensile and compressive strength of GC. Results obtained show that the higher strength is obtained with a molarity of 14M after both 7 and 28 days as with 16M excess Na+ ions lower the strength and affect the process of polymerisation. The curing temperature at 900C for all mixtures gives higher strength as compared to 600C which in return gives higher strength than 300C at 28 days of testing. The results also show that the addition of superplasticizer (1, 1.5, 2 and 3 % of mass of fly ash) improves the workability of geopolymer fresh concrete. In current research work, Naphthalene superplasticizer was used and its addition beyond 1.5% of the mass of fly ash improved workability but slightly decreased the strength of concrete. Its optimum value was found as 68.05KN/m2 at 900C curing temperature when 14M NaOH and 1.5% superplasticizer were added.
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Vodop’yanov, Pavel A., and Alexander N. Danilov. "The decline of technogenic civilization: Sufficient development strategy." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 38, no. 4 (2022): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.414.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first quarter of the 21st century was marked by global instability. Sharp climate changes, biodiversity loss, exponential population growth, a lack of natural resources and living space, environmental pollution form a complex of current global issues that pose a threat to the humanity’s future. The article demonstrates the destructive nature of the established consumer vector of development, which underlies the modern economic model, and also reveals the negative aspects of scientific and technological progress that led to the global environmental crisis. Overcoming these negative trends presupposes the choice of new strategies for socioeconomic development, which are based on its alignment with the laws of evolution of the biosphere. The achievement of a secure future implies the preservation of natural ecosystems considering their ability to self-repair disturbed processes within the economic capacity of the biosphere, since its excess leads to a violation of the biological cycle of energy and matter, and to the ecological imbalance in the biosphere. Taking into account the patterns of conservation of natural ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole, the authors propose the strategy of sufficient development, and determine related implementation measures. They include development of environmentally safe technologies and the approval of a new humanism as a necessary condition for achieving a secure future. The authors argue there is a need in the radical revision of value orientations in order to achieve a secure future. This revision presupposes redirecting people from the anthropocentric orientation in relation to nature to the bio-anthropocentric orientation, which takes into account the need to preserve nature and the spiritual world, and preserves the moral foundations of the development of society.
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Thai, Hong-Danh, and Jun-Ho Huh. "Building an Operational Solution Assistant System for Foreign SMEs in ROK." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 4510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104510.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an important resource that helps accelerate the development of the country’s economy, add substantial funding to growth and facilitate technology transfer. Republic of Korea (ROK) is one of the world’s developed countries with dynamic economy, advanced science and technology. In recent years, the Korean government has continuously formulated tax policies, policies to support the business economy and import policies to support foreign businesses in Korea. The Pangyo Valley Creative Economy Valley is being groomed as a global startup hub in Asia. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in foreign countries are increasingly interested and eager to seek investment opportunities in the Korean market. Nonetheless, for these companies, language barriers and cultural and institutional differences make it more difficult and time-consuming to learn about the Korean market (such as investment trends, laws, visa policies, taxes and business establishment issues in Korea, etc.). In this study, we explored the process of searching information and seeking investment opportunities and built a business consulting and support application in the first stages of starting a business in ROK to increase effectiveness and save time, which is also an innovative business practice in Use-case ROK. We designed our Virtual Assistant system that can crawl and analyze data on foreign investments in ROK from open data resource websites (data.co.kr) and used analytic and aggregation techniques to explore trends in investments of foreign enterprises. We also researched the process of searching information and seeking investment opportunities for SMEs when investing in ROK, government support policies, laws and taxes as well as a number of other related issues. We built datasets and used Natural Language Processing (NLP) together with Natural Language Understanding (NLU) algorithms to build chatbot applications. Friendly framework for new developers to add and build up the dataset of AI Assistant is built by providing input intent data function, input Entity data function, input utterance data function as well as training and test function. In addition, we built a web-app connected to the server to visualize all the results of research so that SMEs owners can easily use and look for information on investments. Based on the research results, we can make recommendations to SMEs in keeping with the changing investment trends in ROK.
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Karthiga, Shenbagam N. "Sustainable Infrastructure with Smart Technology for Energy and Environmental Management." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/011001.
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Abstract Editorial Material, Karthiga Shenbagam N Life on this planet has been undergoing severe challenges owing to the rampant anomalies in the natural climate and ecosystem getting modified by human interventions at multitudes of scales. It is inevitable to admit that we have compromised in maintaining global sustainability during the process of ever-satiating quench for better life comforts. There is a much wanted look-back, get corrections and move forward to ensure the real implementations of sustainability principles in every walk of our life. The concept of sustainable infrastructure envisions inclusive growth for design, development and delivery of the services and products. It is imperative to adopt environmental stewardship for conscious and responsible consumption of natural resources to build sustainable enterprises. Technology has a crucial role in enabling to achieve the audacious goals by promoting institutionalization and large-scale influence in the lifestyle. There are many promising technological inventions happening in the field of infrastructure development to integrate the smartness in functionality and ease in adoption that corroborate with conservative measures on energy and environment. At the current scenario, there are more suitable ways of building construction which is no longer a personal choice of matter and there are more suitable sectors newly introduced that improves the infrastructure. A sustainable construction takes into account the natural resources, their environmental impact and the risks that reduce people’s safety. In building construction eco-friendly materials known as low carbon concrete are those that reduces the amount of carbon di oxide produced during the production, placing and maintenance actions. SISTEEM 2022 aims to gather scholars, researchers from all over the world and provide a platform to review the contributions and accomplishments in the field of Civil Engineering in the last few years and draw an agenda for the future course of action keeping the national and global needs in the forefront. This conference will also provide an ideal environment to develop new collaborations and meet experts on the fundamentals, applications, and products of the mentioned fields. List of committees are available in this Pdf.
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Jaromi, Stanisław. "O trudnych pytaniach, ludziach i (pozostałej) przyrodzie: ekologia głęboka a ochrona przyrody." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2004): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2004.2.1.05.
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Today people seem to have endless consumption needs while the world we live in is finite with limited resources. This easily leads to an ecological crisis. Arne Naess and different representatives of current „deep ecology" ask and explain „ecological wisdom "in an attempt to find a solution for this crisis. This situation considers the basic dispute between the choice of human lifestyles, such as affirming the value of personal wealth, against the best interest of nature and natural resources. It is asked: What are the implications between the growth of consumption and the exploitation of nature? The present article takes up the difficult task of presenting basic ideas of deep ecology in the context of other ecological theories and praxis. It characterizes the dispute between deep ecology and different proposals of preservation of nature and the resolution of the global ecological crisis. Furthermore, it represents a critical analysis of the philosophical basis of deep ecology and points to the Christian/Franciscan attitudes of brotherhood towards our „smaller brothers" - the plants and animals.
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О.К., Черноморченко. "Узгодження інтересів аграрних підприємств і держави". Economics and Management, № 86(1) (28 лютого 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyzes the business-interests of agrarian companies, and studies the condition of the agricultural sector of Ukraine as a country. The paper shows the importance and significance of agrarian sector of economy, and also the necessity of harmonizing corporate interests with national interests. This study raises concerns over the conflict of interests between the state and large corporations that do business on their territory. The fundamental national priorities of the state were grouped to better understand the objectives of state governance. The research data that was used in this study shows the dynamics of development of Ukraine’s agrarian output and the degree of accumulation of land and means of production in private ownership. This shows that large Ukrainian agricultural companies can function as agents of economic force of the state on foreign markets through their exports. Ukrainian state therefore, has its own strengths and specialization in global economy. The power and might of the state on international arena depends on proper understanding and feasible use of its own resources. The prestige of Ukraine in the world has always been linked with a tremendous potential in the food industry and the production of agrarian goods. Hence, the Ukrainian state must assist in creation and functioning of Ukrainian transnational companies on both the local market and the foreign market, because the presence of large international companies promotes the economic strength and prestige of the host country. Therefore, it is hard to overestimate the importance of this research topic. The scientific and practical relevance of this study is proven, among other things, by the lack of sufficient research in the area of harmonization of national goals of the state and the transnational business-interests. It is oftentimes omitted or even avoided in science, academia and industry. On another note, this topic is not very pleasing to the governing authorities and business altogether, because society demands truth about the utilization of economic and natural resources of the state, as those resources are considered the property of society at large. Big business tends to minimize and whenever possible to avoid paying taxes, while maximizing the access to and use of the resources of the host countries. Finally, the paper ends with some suggestions on how to approach the problem of conflicting interests and how to improve the existing methods of dealing with it.
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Ikeke, Mark Omorovie. "Conserving Natural Values to Mitigate Environmental Degradation in Africa." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.3.1.371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the gravest predicaments that Africa is suffering from is environmental degradation. Environmental degradation implies the diminishment of the beauty, quality, goodness, and viability of the earth and its ecosystems. Environmental degradation is precipitated by massive deforestation, desertification, drought, forced migration, war, food shortages, atmospheric and ocean pollution from mining and exploitation of natural resources, human insecurities, misappropriation of environmental funds, global warming and climate change, etc. Many of these that lead to environmental degradation are anthropogenic (caused by human activities and behaviours). Anthropogenic activities that degrade the environment are often informed by systems of thoughts that see no intrinsic value in nature or the earth. Nature is simply seen for its utilitarian and human satisfaction purpose. The earth is simply seen as existing for human needs and purpose. Nature exists to benefits human beings. Humans are at liberty to use the earth as they desire. Other organisms have no purpose except for the good and welfare of human beings. The interests of other non-human realities do not count. This paper argues that there are values in the natural world. Beyond the benefits that nature provides for humans and the entire ecosystem, nature has intrinsic value. While humans are to make use of nature to sustain themselves like other organisms in nature, humans have a responsibility to conserve the intrinsic values in nature. The degradation and deterioration of nature takes from it religious, spiritual, aesthetic, intrinsic, ecosystemic, and other values in nature. The paper will use a critical analytic and hermeneutic method to traces various theorists on the value of nature. It will examine the situation and reality of environmental degradation. It will equally present what can be done to conserve natural values. The paper finds and concludes that conserving natural values will help to mitigate environmental degradation
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STRELNYK, Viktoria, Tetiana CHURILOVA, Natalia HRES, and Tetiana MYRONENKO. "Legal Support of Industrial Accident Prevention." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 7 (December 31, 2019): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v10.7(45).23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research analyzes the need to recognize and enshrine in legislation the general principles of prevention from and control over industrial hazardous events. The finding of the most effective integrated interstate approach to the solution of environmental safety and compliance matters remains an urgent challenge. The global environmental disaster may be avoided only if all members of the global community implement unified approaches and standards, regardless of the level of their economic development. The preservation of the latter takes on particular significance on a global scale and depends on the level and quality of development and implementation of political, economic and organizational mechanisms of the European environmental integration in the country. In general, the authors’ team deepens and develops the methodology of the functional approach to the study of legal phenomena.
Practical application of the research results is possible provided to the availability of a mechanism for action coordination, incident response, prompt information exchange in the event of an emergency and state responsibility.
In the study, the authors substantiated the need to develop uniform requirements to the industrial facility inspection system aimed at reducing harm, improving the use of natural resources with the greatest environmental protection at minimum cost is justified.
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Xalxo SJ, Prem. "Covid-19 and the Call to Sanitize Human Conscience." Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne 34, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30439/wst.2021.1.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amidst the unprecedented health crisis, annihilation of economy and social security, and upsurge in the loss of job opportunities caused by Covid-19, the emergence of a dynamic global spirit of collaboration has reinvigorated the human ability to work together to respond collectively to any peril that threatens the integral well-being of the entire humanity. The precautionary measures of washing our hands regularly, sanitizing oneself, using masks and maintaining social distances have rendered new meaning to human relationships. Apart from highlighting danger of dominant technocratic paradigm, the pandemic has also called for the sanitization of our conscience and unmask oneself to let the viruses of egocentric attitude, narcissism, greed, pride and unquenchable thirst for more and better which ultimately leads to the unbridled exploitation of the natural resources. Only a radical change in our life-style, which takes care of the basic needs, hopes, and aspirations of all forms of life, could reinforce and guarantee a better future.
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Apalkova, Viktoriia, Sergiy Tsyganov, Nataliia Meshko, Nadiia Tsyganova, and Serhii Apalkov. "Evaluation models for the impact of pricing factor on environmental performance in different countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need to increase the price of non-green, carbon-emitting goods, as well as the application of new environmental taxes and fees to help solving the global climate crisis, has been actively discussed. However, price is not only a strong impetus for market development, but it can also restrain growth. The price level and population purchasing power belong to the key indexes that define the market capacities in different countries. This paper aims to investigate the impact of income inequality, including price levels and purchasing power, on environmental performance in different countries. The research method is based on RapidMiner’s machine learning programs, applying three modeling algorithms: correlation, clustering, and decision trees with a static index database of more than 150 countries around the world. The results obtained partially confirm the conclusions made by other researchers studying the Environmental Kuznets concept (EKC) effects. In particular, it was found that an important factor influencing the efficiency of the environment in the country’s ecosystem is the level of population’s income. The analysis also shows that environmental performance is strongly dependent on domestic price levels. This may support the hypothesis that the cost of green goods reflects a high benchmark for natural resource costs. However, further research is needed, including such directions as sources of financing for the implementation of circular projects, as well as the associated economic and environmental effects.
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Abdelkader, Nadia Mahdi, Mohammed Noori Farhan, and Balqees Kahlan Khaled. "Measuring and Analyzing Green Economy on Sustainable Development in Iraq." Webology 18, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 1295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18i2/web18390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The climatic conditions, global environmental crises and disasters and the exacerbation of the pollution problem have prompted global economic and financial organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to reconsider traditional economic models, Which resulted from it the emergence of the concept of green economy. Which made the economy more efficient by increasing the productivity of used resources and directing investments towards sustainable management of natural resources to increase their economic and environmental productivity and their ability to create green jobs and support the poor to the maximum extent possible. Because of the modernity of this economy, developing countries requested not to impose a single model that includes developed and developing economies at the United Nations Conference (Rio + 20) held in the Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro in 2012, and the necessity to create a broad concept for a green economy that is flexible and takes into account the disparity in levels of economic development and transformation policies Towards a green economy. Many scientific studies have proven that the development of the relationship between man and the environment was characterized by an increase and an imbalance between environmental degradation and human progress. The earth, with all its surrounding organisms, is the natural home of man who gets it, and many studies and research revealed that the environments in which a person lives can be It causes an increase or decrease in stress on his body, as the uncomfortable environment causes feelings of anxiety or sadness in contrast to a comfortable environment, and a person finds pleasure in nature regardless of his age or culture, and more than two-thirds of people choose to be in a natural environment to get rid of psychological pressure and cure many diseases Psychological and physical. The research aims to activate the role of the green economy in achieving sustainable development and focus on the health aspect. To achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive and analytical approach was used to study the reality of the trend towards a green economy in Iraq and its role in achieving development. A quantitative approach is used to analyze and interpret the impact of the green economy on sustainable development. And through the benchmarks, it was found that there is a relationship between the sustainable development indicators and the green economy index.
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Wei, Fang, and Lvwang Zhao. "The Effect of Flood Risk on Residential Land Prices." Land 11, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods are one of the most frequent natural disasters today. Hence, it is highly important to explore the effect of flood risk on residential land prices to promote the rational allocation of land resources and incorporate climate change risk control into territorial spatial planning. This paper takes the primary urban area of Hangzhou as an example, based upon data from 424 residential land plots. With spatial autocorrelation analysis and the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) approach, the spatial effect of flood risk on residential transaction land price was investigated. The results show that, ceteris paribus, plots with high risk of flooding suffer a price discount of 8.62%. The unique mechanism of the way flood risk affects land prices was discussed further from the perspectives of land ownership and land price systems in China. Furthermore, when the land price in surrounding areas increases one percent, the land price in the area will increase 14.32%. The spatial spillover effects of land price were analyzed with the flood information disclosure system and the stakeholders’ considerations in land price comparison. The effect of flooding on residential land prices in Hangzhou is the result of government regulations and market allocations, which are fundamentally different from those of the free market allocations in many western countries. Interestingly, the risk of flooding is capitalized into the price, whether it is determined by government or market pricing. Integrating flood risk into land price determination can help promote the optimal allocation of land resources and minimize depreciation attributable to flood disasters.
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SADCHENKO, O. V. "INNOVATIVE MARKETING MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SAFETY." Economic innovations 23, no. 2(79) (June 20, 2021): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.2(79).152-164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Topicality. One of the most important aspects of innovative marketing management is its focus on the future, which consists in forecasting the possibility of resource extraction, use of new technologies, methods of cleaning, recycling and waste disposal, the ability to meet economic and environmental needs by offering appropriate (or alternative) goods or services . The system of innovative marketing-management of natural resources and conditions, rational use of nature is based entirely on knowledge of consumer demand and its expected changes in the near future, the fuller the product meets the wishes and environmental needs of the buyer, the greater the success of the manufacturer. Such a systematic approach in the development of new information and communication technologies for economic security is relevant. Innovations in marketing management should be considered comprehensively, taking into account environmental factors, as one of the most important components in the future development of the economy, and therefore one of its central links is the study of the market of environmental goods and services, market of environmental needs and environmental demand. environmental safety.Environmental protection, rational use of natural resources, ensuring the environmental safety of human life - an integral condition of economic, environmental and social development of Ukraine. Innovations are the basis for providing an innovative component of marketing management of the economic security of the enterprise, region, state. Sustainable economic development is largely due to the coordinating role of the state in creating conditions for the implementation of innovative marketing management, the accumulation of appropriate funds by enterprises, the use of elements of environmental marketing. That is, without investing real investment in the manufacturing sector, the development and efficiency of innovation processes that determine the economic growth of any country and its economic security is impossible.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine in modern conditions of environmental and economic safety to consider the mechanism of formation of innovative marketing management.Research results. The needs of people in clean natural resources and conditions, in safe goods and services are the basis of strategic state policy - economic and environmental security of society. Of fundamental importance is the focus of production and economic activities on the production of the required environmentally friendly and environmentally safe products that meet environmental quality standards of the product and environmental standards of the environment, withstands production, sales, exchange and consumption. Innovative marketing management promotes the development of basic and applied research, the creation of a special branch of scientific knowledge about the properties and patterns of market dynamics, principles and methods, tools and forms of management of eco-marketing activities in the formation of economic security.Currently, the innovation of marketing management has become universal and has a strong influence on theoretical approaches to environmental management (nature management), of particular importance are studies aimed at stimulating all types of environmental activities and resource conservation. The main direction of economic regulation in terms of economic security is the transformation of the economy - is the soft introduction of certain elements of the economic mechanism without any radical breakage of existing structures to stabilize positions in order to ensure economic security.Conclusion. New technogenic space, organized around new flows of economic and environmental information, transforming production flows, creating a plurality of global industrial networks, including leading eco-innovation environments, on the one hand, contribute to the creation of territorial-spatial and ecoregions, ecometropolises. On the other hand, it leads to the isolation of regions for conducting, for example, organic farming, preservation of traditional forms of nature management, biodiversity. The new global secure economy and the emerging information society have a new spatial form that takes into account marketing management and includes environmental factors in their diversity.It is substantiated that in order to study the theoretical and practical issues of interactions and interactions of technologies, society, space and ecology, the mechanism of innovative marketing management should be applied taking into account the quality of the environment.