Готові списки джерел за темами / Global runoff

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Global runoff"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Global runoff"

1

McCabe, Gregory J., and David M. Wolock. "Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm943.1.

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Abstract Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905–2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Atlantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions.
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2

Lv, Meizhao, Hui Lu, Kun Yang, Zhongfeng Xu, Meixia Lv, and Xiaomeng Huang. "Assessment of Runoff Components Simulated by GLDAS against UNH–GRDC Dataset at Global and Hemispheric Scales." Water 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080969.

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The current evaluations of global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) runoff were generally limited to the observation-rich areas. At the global and hemispheric scales, we assessed different runoff components performance of GLDAS (1.0 and 2.1) using the University of New Hampshire and Global Runoff Data Centre (UNH-GRDC) dataset. The results suggest that GLDAS simulations show considerable uncertainties, particularly in partition of surface and subsurface runoffs, in snowmelt runoff modeling, and in capturing the northern peak time. GLDAS1.0-CLM (common land model) produced more surface runoff almost globally; GLDAS-Noah generated more surface runoff over the northern middle-high latitudes and more subsurface runoff in the remaining areas; while the partition in GLDAS1.0-VIC (variable infiltration capacity) is almost opposite to that in Noah. Comparing to GLDAS1.0-Noah, GLDAS2.1-Noah improved the premature snow-melting tendency, but its snowmelt-runoff peak magnitude was excessively high in June and July. The discrepancies in northern primary peak times among precipitation and runoff is partly caused by the combination of rainfall and melting-snow over high-latitude, as well as the very different temporal–spatial distributions for snowmelt runoff simulated by GLDAS models. This paper can provide valuable guidance for GLDAS users, and contribute to the further improvement of hydrological parameterized schemes.
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3

Smith, H. J. "CLIMATE SCIENCE: Charting Global Runoff." Science 320, no. 5884 (June 27, 2008): 1696d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5884.1696d.

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4

Munier, S., H. Palanisamy, P. Maisongrande, A. Cazenave, and E. F. Wood. "Global runoff anomalies over 1993–2009 estimated from coupled Land–Ocean–Atmosphere water budgets and its relation with climate variability." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 16, 2012): 3647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3647-2012.

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Abstract. Whether the global runoff (or freshwater discharge from land to the ocean) is currently increasing and the global water cycle is intensifying is still a controversial issue. Here we compute land–atmosphere and ocean–atmosphere water budgets and derive two independent estimates of the global runoff over the period 1993–2009. Water storage variations in the land, ocean and atmosphere reservoirs are estimated from different types of data sets: atmospheric reanalyses, land surface models, satellite altimetry and in situ ocean temperature data (the difference between altimetry based global mean sea level and ocean thermal expansion providing an estimate of the ocean mass component). These data sets are first validated using independent data, and then the global runoff is computed from the two methods. Results for the global runoff show a very good correlation between both estimates. More importantly, no significant trend is observed over the whole period. Besides, the global runoff appears to be clearly impacted by large-scale climate phenomena such as major ENSO events. To infer this, we compute the zonal runoff over four latitudinal bands and set up for each band a new index (combined runoff index) obtained by optimization of linear combinations of various climate indices. Results show that, in particular, the intertropical and northern mid-latitude runoffs are mainly driven by ENSO and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) with opposite behavior. Indeed, the zonal runoff in the intertropical zone decreases during major El Niño events, whereas it increases in the northern mid-latitudes, suggesting that water masses over land are shifted northward/southward during El Niño/La Niña. In addition to this study, we propose an innovative method to estimate the global ocean thermal expansion. The method is based on the assumption that the difference between both runoff estimates is mainly due to the thermal expansion term not accounted for in the estimation of the ocean mass. We find that our reconstructed thermal expansion time series compares well with two existing data sets in terms of year-to-year fluctuations but somewhat differs on longer (multi-year) time scales. Possible explanations include non negligible steric variations from the deep ocean.
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5

Munier, S., H. Palanisamy, P. Maisongrande, A. Cazenave, and E. F. Wood. "Global runoff over 1993–2009 estimated from coupled land-ocean-atmosphere water budgets and its relation with climate variability." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2012): 4633–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-4633-2012.

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Анотація:
Abstract. Whether the global runoff (or freshwater discharge from land to the ocean) is currently increasing and the global water cycle is intensifying is still a controversial issue. Here we compute land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere water budgets and derive two independent estimates of the global runoff over the period 1993–2009. Water storage variations in the land, ocean and atmosphere reservoirs are estimated from different types of datasets: atmospheric reanalyses, land surface models, satellite altimetry and in situ ocean temperature data (the difference between altimetry based global mean sea level and ocean thermal expansion providing an estimate of the ocean mass component). Results for the global runoff from the two methods show a very good correlation between both estimates. More importantly, no significant trend is observed over the whole period. Besides, the global runoff appears to be clearly impacted by large-scale climate phenomena such as major ENSO events. To infer this, we compute the zonal runoff over four latitudinal bands and set up for each band a new index (Combined Runoff Index) obtained by optimization of linear combinations of various climate indices. Results show that, in particular, the intertropical and northern mid-latitude runoffs are mainly driven by ENSO and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) with opposite behavior. Indeed, the zonal runoff in the intertropical zone decreases during major El Niño events whereas it increases in the northern mid-latitudes, suggesting that water masses over land are shifted northward/southward during El Niño/La Niña. In addition to this study, we propose an innovative method to estimate the global ocean thermal expansion. The method is based on the assumption that the difference between both runoff estimates is mainly due the thermal expansion term not accounted for in the estimation of the ocean mass. Comparison of our reconstructed thermal expansion with two existing datasets shows the relevance of this new method.
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6

Wiersma, Pau, Jerom Aerts, Harry Zekollari, Markus Hrachowitz, Niels Drost, Matthias Huss, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Rolf Hut. "Coupling a global glacier model to a global hydrological model prevents underestimation of glacier runoff." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 5971–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5971-2022.

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Abstract. Global hydrological models have become a valuable tool for a range of global impact studies related to water resources. However, glacier parameterization is often simplistic or non-existent in global hydrological models. By contrast, global glacier models do represent complex glacier dynamics and glacier evolution, and as such, they hold the promise of better resolving glacier runoff estimates. In this study, we test the hypothesis that coupling a global glacier model with a global hydrological model leads to a more realistic glacier representation and, consequently, to improved runoff predictions in the global hydrological model. To this end, the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM) is coupled with the PCRaster GLOBal Water Balance model, version 2.0 (PCR-GLOBWB 2), using the eWaterCycle platform. For the period 2001–2012, the coupled model is evaluated against the uncoupled PCR-GLOBWB 2 in 25 large-scale (>50 000 km2), glacierized basins. The coupled model produces higher runoff estimates across all basins and throughout the melt season. In summer, the runoff differences range from 0.07 % for weakly glacier-influenced basins to 252 % for strongly glacier-influenced basins. The difference can primarily be explained by PCR-GLOBWB 2 not accounting for glacier flow and glacier mass loss, thereby causing an underestimation of glacier runoff. The coupled model performs better in reproducing basin runoff observations mostly in strongly glacier-influenced basins, which is where the coupling has the most impact. This study underlines the importance of glacier representation in global hydrological models and demonstrates the potential of coupling a global hydrological model with a global glacier model for better glacier representation and runoff predictions in glacierized basins.
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7

Liang, Shumin, and Richard Greene. "A high-resolution global runoff estimate based on GIS and an empirical runoff coefficient." Hydrology Research 51, no. 6 (July 24, 2020): 1238–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.132.

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Abstract This paper reviews 110 years of global runoff estimation. By employing the method of ordinary least square regression on a sample region's runoff coefficient, an empirical formula of a runoff coefficient is calculated for China. Based on this empirical formula applied with a high-resolution grid of precipitation, runoff is calculated resulting in an equally high-resolution map of global runoff using a geographic information system (GIS). The main results are (1) the global total runoff volume is 47,884 km3, (2) the average runoff depth is 359 mm, (3) the interior drainage region's runoff volume is 1,663 km3, and (4) the average runoff depth is 58.4 mm. The results are compared with the results of the existing literature on global runoff. This study emphasizes the importance of runoff and groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions where the estimation value of runoff depth is significantly increased.
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8

Hobeichi, Sanaa, Gab Abramowitz, Jason Evans, and Hylke E. Beck. "Linear Optimal Runoff Aggregate (LORA): a global gridded synthesis runoff product." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-851-2019.

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Abstract. No synthesized global gridded runoff product, derived from multiple sources, is available, despite such a product being useful for meeting the needs of many global water initiatives. We apply an optimal weighting approach to merge runoff estimates from hydrological models constrained with observational streamflow records. The weighting method is based on the ability of the models to match observed streamflow data while accounting for error covariance between the participating products. To address the lack of observed streamflow for many regions, a dissimilarity method was applied to transfer the weights of the participating products to the ungauged basins from the closest gauged basins using dissimilarity between basins in physiographic and climatic characteristics as a proxy for distance. We perform out-of-sample tests to examine the success of the dissimilarity approach, and we confirm that the weighted product performs better than its 11 constituent products in a range of metrics. Our resulting synthesized global gridded runoff product is available at monthly timescales, and includes time-variant uncertainty, for the period 1980–2012 on a 0.5∘ grid. The synthesized global gridded runoff product broadly agrees with published runoff estimates at many river basins, and represents the seasonal runoff cycle for most of the globe well. The new product, called Linear Optimal Runoff Aggregate (LORA), is a valuable synthesis of existing runoff products and will be freely available for download on https://geonetwork.nci.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/f9617_9854_8096_5291 (last access: 31 January 2019).
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Murray, S. J., P. N. Foster, and I. C. Prentice. "Evaluation of global continental hydrology as simulated by the Land-surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 6, 2010): 4219–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-4219-2010.

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Abstract. Global freshwater resources are sensitive to changes in climate, land cover and population density and distribution. The Land-surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPX-DGVM) is a development of the Lund-Potsdam-Jena model with improved representation of fire-vegetation interactions. It allows simultaneous consideration of the effects of changes in climate, CO2 concentration, natural vegetation and fire regime shifts on the continental hydrological cycle. Here the model is assessed for its ability to simulate large-scale spatial and temporal runoff patterns, in order to test its suitability for modelling future global water resources. Comparisons are made against observations of streamflow and a composite dataset of modelled and observed runoff (1986–1995). The model captures the main features of the geographical distribution of global runoff, but tends to overestimate runoff in much of the Northern Hemisphere (where this can be largely accounted for by freshwater extractions and the unrealistic accumulation of the simulated winter snowpack in permafrost regions) and the southern tropics. Interannual variability is represented reasonably well at the large catchment scale, as are seasonal flow timings and monthly high and low flow events. Further improvements to the simulation of intra-annual runoff might be achieved via the addition of river flow routing. Overestimates of runoff in some basins could likely be corrected by the inclusion of transmission losses and direct-channel evaporation.
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Murray, S. J., P. N. Foster, and I. C. Prentice. "Evaluation of global continental hydrology as simulated by the Land-surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 1 (January 13, 2011): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-91-2011.

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Abstract. Global freshwater resources are sensitive to changes in climate, land cover and population density and distribution. The Land-surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model is a recent development of the Lund-Potsdam-Jena model with improved representation of fire-vegetation interactions. It allows simultaneous consideration of the effects of changes in climate, CO2 concentration, natural vegetation and fire regime shifts on the continental hydrological cycle. Here the model is assessed for its ability to simulate large-scale spatial and temporal runoff patterns, in order to test its suitability for modelling future global water resources. Comparisons are made against observations of streamflow and a composite dataset of modelled and observed runoff (1986–1995) and are also evaluated against soil moisture data and the Palmer Drought Severity Index. The model captures the main features of the geographical distribution of global runoff, but tends to overestimate runoff in much of the Northern Hemisphere (where this can be somewhat accounted for by freshwater consumption and the unrealistic accumulation of the simulated winter snowpack in permafrost regions) and the southern tropics. Interannual variability is represented reasonably well at the large catchment scale, as are seasonal flow timings and monthly high and low flow events. Further improvements to the simulation of intra-annual runoff might be achieved via the addition of river flow routing. Overestimates of runoff in some basins could likely be corrected by the inclusion of transmission losses and direct-channel evaporation.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Global runoff"

1

Liu, Jinliang. "Improvement in runoff parameterization for global climate modelling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58635.pdf.

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2

Giuntoli, Ignazio. "An assessment of simulated runoff from global models." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7238/.

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This thesis assesses long-term runoff projections from global multi-model ensembles used in hydrological impact studies. Firstly, the study investigates global-scale changes in frequency of high and low flow days towards the end of the current century, quantifying the relative contribution to uncertainty from global climate (GCMs) and global impact models (GIMs). Results show increases in high flows for northern latitudes and in low flows for several hotspots worldwide. Overall, GCMs provide the largest uncertainty; but GIMs are the greatest source of uncertainty in snow-dominated regions. Secondly, the ability of a set of GIMs to reproduce observed runoff is evaluated at the regional scale, indicating that GIMs capture well trends in low, medium, and high flows, but differ from observations with respect to medium and high flows timing. Thirdly, the contribution to uncertainty from GCMs, GIMs, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and internal variability is quantified for transient runoff until 2099. Over the USA, GCMs and GIMs are responsible for the largest uncertainty. Efforts to improve runoff projections should thus focus on GCMs and GIMs. In particular, GIMs should be evaluated in the region of study, so that models reproducing unrealistic runoff can be excluded, potentially yielding greater confidence in ensemble projections.
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3

Steynor, Anna C. "The impact of global climate change on the runoff and ecological sustainability of the Breede River." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6754.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111).
The Breede River catchment in the South Western Cape is already under pressure for its water resources due to its supporting a variety of different land uses. The predominant land use in this catchment is agriculture, which demands the majority of river water for irrigation. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry are currently investigating the future demand for water from the river, in this respect it is important to know what effect climate change will have on the change in river flow. Self Organising Maps (SOMs) are used to identify changes in the circulation systems contributing to the rainfall of the region and from this the potential change is assessed for the Breede River flow under future climate change. It is assessed that the runoff in the Breede River is expected to change under all the models of ECHAM4, CSIRO and HadAM. The magnitude of this alteration is calculated by using the change in the SOM node frequencies between the present and the future data. This is then subtracted from the present runoff data supplied by DWAF. A source of runoff decrease in the future is agricultural irrigation. The increase in irrigation under climate change is determined by inserting future climate data into an agricultural model. Once the increased amount of water used in irrigation is determined, it is subtracted from the projected future runoff. From this it is determined whether the river will be ecologically sustainable under climate change.
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4

Appel, Patrick L. "Use of Automated Sampler to Characterize Urban Stormwater Runoff in Pecan Creek." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2681/.

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The purpose of this study was to use the Global Water Stormwater Sampler SS201 to characterize the urban runoff in Pecan Creek. Location of the samplers was influenced by land use and ease of installation. Determination of the constituents for analysis was modeled after those used in the NPDES permit for seven cities within the Dallas/Ft.Worth metroplex. Some metals, notably cadmium and arsenic, exceeded the U.S. EPA's MCL's. Statistical analysis revealed first flush samples to be significantly more concentrated than composite samples. Minimum discharge loadings were found to be significantly lower than maximum discharge loadings. Additionally there were significant differences of specific constituents between station locations and storm events.
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5

Russo, Ida <1981&gt. "Sea level changes over the global ocean in the 20. and 21. centuries." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2240.

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L'innalzamento del livello del mare è una delle principali conseguenze del riscaldamento globale dovuto all'emissione di gas serra in atmosfera ed è quindi di cruciale interesse nello studio dei cambiamenti climatici. L'obiettivo di questa tesi di Dottorato consiste nell'analisi dell'importanza relativa dei vari processi che contribuiscono al cambiamento del livello del mare durante l'ultima decade del 20° secolo e il primo decennio del 21° secolo, mediante l'utilizzo di un modello numerico globale di circolazione oceanica ad alta risoluzione (1/4°). Lo studio è stato in seguito esteso nel futuro, fornendo proiezioni del cambiamento del livello del mare nei prossimo 20 anni e concentrando la nostra analisi sulla regione delle Piccole Isole del Pacifico, che rappresenta una delle aree più vulnerabili agli impatti legati all'innalzamento del livello del mare. Inoltre, la risposta dell'oceano a stime realistiche di scioglimento dei ghiacciai continentali di Antartide e Groenlandia, ricostruite a partire da dati gravimetrici e di modelli atmosferici, è stato investigato, essendo questa una delle principali cause del cambiamento del livello del mare.
As a major effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gases induced global warming, sea level rise is a key climate issue of crucial interest in the frame of climate change investigation. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to study the relative importance of the different processes that contribute to sea level change during the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, by using an eddy-permitting Ocean General Circulation Model at a spatial resolution of 1/4°. We have further extended our analysis in the future, by providing projections of sea level change for the next 20 years at an unprecedented resolution of 0.25°, with particular focus on the Pacific Small Island region, which represents a highly vulnerable region to the impacts of sea level rise. The exchange of water between the ocean and Greenland and Antarctica ice-sheets is one of the major causes of sea level change. For this reason, the response of the ocean to a realistic ice-sheets runoff, reconstructed through a combination of gravimetric and atmospheric model data, has been investigated.
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6

Widén-Nilsson, Elin. "Global-Scale Modelling of the Land-Surface Water Balance : Development and Analysis of WASMOD-M." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8352.

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Water is essential for all life on earth. Global population increase and climate change are projected to increase the water stress, which already today is very high in many areas of the world. The differences between the largest and smallest global runoff estimates exceed the highest continental runoff estimates. These differences, which are caused by different modelling and measurement techniques together with large natural variabilities need to be further addressed. This thesis focuses on global water balance models that calculate global runoff, evaporation and water storage from precipitation and other climate data.

A new global water balance model, WASMOD-M was developed. Already when tuned against the volume error it reasonable produced within-year runoff patterns, but the volume error was not enough to confine the model parameter space. The parameter space and the simulated hydrograph could be better confined with, e.g., the Nash criterion. Calibration against snow-cover data confined the snow parameters better, although some equifinality still persisted. Thus, even the simple WASMOD-M showed signs of being overparameterised.

A simple regionalisation procedure that only utilised proximity contributed to calculate a global runoff estimate in line with earlier estimations. The need for better specifications of global runoff estimates was highlighted.

Global modellers depend on global data-sets that can have low quality in many areas. Major sources of uncertainty are precipitation and river regulation. A new routing method that utilises high-resolution flow network information in low-resolution calculations was developed and shown to perform well over all spatial scales, while the standard linear reservoir routing decreased in performance with decreasing resolution. This algorithm, called aggregated time-delay-histogram routing, is intended for inclusion in WASMOD-M.

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7

Hamlet, Alan F. "Hydrologic implications of 20th century warming and climate variability in the western U.S. /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10132.

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8

Sintondji, Luc O. [Verfasser]. "Modelling the rainfall-runoff process in the Upper Ouémé catchment (Terou in Bénin Republic) in a context of global change: extrapolation from the local to the regional scale / Luc O Sintondji." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/118658775X/34.

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9

MacDonald, Ryan J., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Modelling the potential impacts of climate change on snowpack in the St. Mary River watershed, Montana." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2511.

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Climate change poses significant threats to mountain ecosystems in North America (Barnett et al., 2005) and will subsequently impact water supply for human and ecosystem use. To assess these threats, we must have an understanding of the local variability in hydrometeorological conditions over the mountains. This thesis describes the continued development and application of a fine scale spatial hydrometeorological model, GENESYS (GENerate Earth SYstems Science input). The GENESYS model successfully simulated daily snowpack values for a 10 year trial period and annual runoff volumes for a thirty year period. Based on the results of these simulations the model was applied to estimate potential changes in snowpack over the St. Mary River watershed, Montana. GCM derived future climate scenarios were applied, representing a range of emissions controls and applied to perturb the 1961-90 climate record using the “delta” downscaling technique. The effects of these changes in climate were assessed for thirty year time slices centered on 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. The GENESYS simulations of future climate showed that mountain snowpack was highly vulnerable to changes in temperature and to a lesser degree precipitation. A seasonal shift to an earlier onset of spring melt and an increase in the ratio of rain to snow occurred under all climate change scenarios. Results of mean and maximum snowpack were more variable and appeared to be highly dependent on scenario selection. The results demonstrated that although annual volume of available water from snowpack may increase, the seasonal distribution of available water may be significantly altered.
viii, 93 leaves ; 29 cm
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10

Larson, Robert, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Modelling climate change impacts on mountain snow hydrology, Montana-Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/669.

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A modelling approach focused on snow hydrology was developed and applied to project future changes in spring streamflow volumes in the St. Mary River headwaters basin, Montana. A spatially distributed, physically-based, hydrometeorological and snow mass balance model was refined and used to produce snow water equivalent (SWE) and rainfall surfaces for the study watershed. Snowmelt runoff (SR) and effective rainfall runoff (RR) volumes were compiled for the 1961-2004 historical period. A statistical regression model was developed linking spring streamflow volume (QS) at Babb, Montana to the SR and RR modelled data. The modelling results indicated that SR explained 70% of the variability in QS while RR explained another 9%. The model was applied to climate change scenarios representing the expected range of future change to produce annual QS for the period 2010-2099. Compared to the base period (1961-1990), average QS change ranged from -3% to -12% for the 2020s period. Percent changes increased to between -25% and -32% for the 2050s, and -38% and -55% for the 2080s. Decreases in QS also accompanied substantial advances in the onset of spring snowmelt. Whereas the spring pulse onset on average occurred on April 8 for the base period, it occurred 36 to 50 days earlier during the 2080s. The findings suggest that increasing precipitation will not compensate for the effects of increasing temperature in watershed SWE and associated spring runoff generation. There are implications for stakeholder interests related to ecosystems, the irrigation industry, and recreation.
xii, 136 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. --
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Книги з теми "Global runoff"

1

A, McMahon T., ed. Global runoff: Continental comparisons of annual flows and peak discharges. Cremlingen-Destedt, Germany: Catena Verlag, 1992.

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2

International Conference on Urban Drainage (9th 2002 Portland, Or.). Global solutions for urban drainage: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage. Reston, Va: ASCE, 2002.

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3

Programme, World Climate Research, World Meteorological Organization, and Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (Germany), eds. Report of the workshop on the global runoff data set and grid estimation: Koblenz, FRG, 10-15 November 1988. [Geneva]: World Meteorological Organization, 1989.

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4

Vardanian, Trahel G. Stok rek Armenii i ot︠s︡enka ego izmenenii︠a︡ pri globalʹnom poteplenii klimata: River runoff in Armenia and the assessment of its change under the global warming of climate = Hayastani geteri hoskʻě ev dra pʻopʻokhutʻyan gnahatumě klimayi hamamolorakayin takʻatsʻman paymannerum. Erevan: Izdatelʹstvo Erevanskogo universiteta, 2006.

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5

Bindi, Marco, Giada Brandani, Alessandro Dessì, Camilla Dibari, Roberto Ferrise, Marco Moriondo, and Giacomo Trombi, eds. Impact of climate change on agricultural and natural ecosystems. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-921-2.

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This book illustrates the main results deriving from fourteen studies, dealing with the impact of climate change on different agricultural and natural ecosystems, carried out within the Impact of Climate change On agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (ICONE) project funded by the ALFA Programme of the European Commission. During this project, a common methodology on several Global Change-related matters was developed and shared among members of scientific communities coming from Latin America and Europe. In order to facilitate this interdisciplinary approach, specific mobility programmes, addressed to post-graduate, Master and PhD students, have been organized. The research, led by the research groups, was focused on the study of the impact of climate change on various environmental features (i.e. runoff in hydrological basins, soil erosion and moisture, forest canopy, sugarcane crop, land use, drought, precipitation, etc). Integrated and shared methodologies of atmospheric physics, remote sensing, eco-physiology and modelling have been applied.
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6

McMahon, T. A., and B. L. Finlayson. Global Runoff: Continental Comparisons of Annual Flows and Peak Discharges. Catena Verlag, 1992.

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7

Liu, Jinliang. Improvement in runoff parameterization for global climate modelling. 2001.

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8

(Editor), Eric W. Strecker, and Wayne C. Huber (Editor), eds. Global Solutions for Urban Drainage (CD ROM). American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002.

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9

Taillant, Jorge Daniel. Meltdown. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080327.001.0001.

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Climate change is happening all around us, and one of the telltale signs is melting glaciers. We hear about it almost daily, pieces of ice the size of continents breaking off of Antarctica or the polar arctic ice breaking up and disappearing more and more quickly opening up navigational routes once unavailable due to thick winter ice cover. Will melting ice and glaciers so far away change our lives? Meltdown takes us deep into the cryosphere, the Earth’s frozen environment and picks apart why glacier melt caused by climate change will alter (and already is altering) the way we live around the world. From rising seas that will destroy property and flood millions of acres of coastal lands, displacing hundreds of millions of people, to rising global temperatures due to reflectivity changes of the Earth because of decreased white glacier surface area, to colossal water supply changes from glacier runoff reduction, to deadly glacier tsunamis caused by the structural weakening of ice on high mountaintops that will take out entire communities living in glacier runoff basins, to escaping methane gas from thawing frozen permafrost grounds, and changing ocean temperatures that affect jet streams and ocean water currents around the planet, glacier melt is altering our global ecosystems in ways that will drastically change our everyday lives. Meltdown takes us into the little-known periglacial environment, a world of invisible subterranean glaciers in our coldest mountain ranges that will survive the initial impacts of climate change but that are also ultimately at risk due to a warming climate. By examining the dynamics of melting glaciers, Meltdown helps us grasp the impacts of a massive geological era shift occurring right before our eyes.
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10

Räisänen, Jouni. Future Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Region and Environmental Impacts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.634.

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The warming of the global climate is expected to continue in the 21st century, although the magnitude of change depends on future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and the sensitivity of climate to them. The regional characteristics and impacts of future climate change in the Baltic Sea countries have been explored since at least the 1990s. Later research has supported many findings from the early studies, but advances in understanding and improved modeling tools have made the picture gradually more comprehensive and more detailed. Nevertheless, many uncertainties still remain.In the Baltic Sea region, warming is likely to exceed its global average, particularly in winter and in the northern parts of the area. The warming will be accompanied by a general increase in winter precipitation, but in summer, precipitation may either increase or decrease, with a larger chance of drying in the southern than in the northern parts of the region. Despite the increase in winter precipitation, the amount of snow is generally expected to decrease, as a smaller fraction of the precipitation falls as snow and midwinter snowmelt episodes become more common. Changes in windiness are very uncertain, although most projections suggest a slight increase in average wind speed over the Baltic Sea. Climatic extremes are also projected to change, but some of the changes will differ from the corresponding change in mean climate. For example, the lowest winter temperatures are expected to warm even more than the winter mean temperature, and short-term summer precipitation extremes are likely to become more severe, even in the areas where the mean summer precipitation does not increase.The projected atmospheric changes will be accompanied by an increase in Baltic Sea water temperature, reduced ice cover, and, according to most studies, reduced salinity due to increased precipitation and river runoff. The seasonal cycle of runoff will be modified by changes in precipitation and earlier snowmelt. Global-scale sea level rise also will affect the Baltic Sea, but will be counteracted by glacial isostatic adjustment. According to most projections, in the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, the latter will still dominate, leading to a continued, although decelerated, decrease in relative sea level. The changes in the physical environment and climate will have a number of environmental impacts on, for example, atmospheric chemistry, freshwater and marine biogeochemistry, ecosystems, and coastal erosion. However, future environmental change in the region will be affected by several interrelated factors. Climate change is only one of them, and in many cases its effects may be exceeded by other anthropogenic changes.
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Частини книг з теми "Global runoff"

1

Boller, M., S. Langbein, and Michele Steiner. "Characterization of road runoff and innovative treatment technologies." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 441–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_38.

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2

Konovalov, V. "Extreme and Average Glacier Runoff in the Amudarya River Basin." In Threats to Global Water Security, 371–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2344-5_43.

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3

Barbosa, A. E., J. Saraiva, and Thomas Leitão. "Evaluation of the runoff water quality from a tunnel wash." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 345–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_31.

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4

Barbosa, A. E. "Establishing a procedure to predict highway runoff quality in Portugal." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 371–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_33.

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5

Renman, G., and M. Hallberg. "Reactive filters for removal of dissolved metals in highway runoff." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 465–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_40.

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6

Weber, Markus, and Monika Prasch. "Influence of the Glaciers on Runoff Regime and Its Change." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 493–509. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_56.

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7

Becker, Alfred. "Runoff Processes in Mountain Headwater Catchments: Recent Understanding and Research Challenges." In Advances in Global Change Research, 283–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-x_29.

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8

Uhlenbrook, Stefan, Jens Didszun, and Chris Leibundgut. "Runoff Generation Processes on Hillslopes and Their Susceptibility to Global Change." In Advances in Global Change Research, 297–307. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-x_30.

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9

Madsen, Heidi Ina, Jes Vollertsen, and Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen. "Modelling the oxygen mass balance of wet detention ponds receiving highway runoff." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 487–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_42.

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10

Weber, Markus, and Monika Prasch. "The Influence of Snow Cover on Runoff Regime and Its Change." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 533–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_60.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Global runoff"

1

Patil, S., S. Patil, and W. Walunjkar. "Rainfall-runoff forecasting techniques for avoiding global warming." In 2013 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icices.2013.6508344.

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2

Forte, Adam, and Matthew Rossi. "GLOBAL CONTROLS ON DAILY RUNOFF VARIABILITY AND ITS IMPRINT IN TOPOGRAPHY." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-380644.

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3

Lianqing Xue, Zhenghang Fan, Zhenchun Hao, Jiahu Wang, and Yongkun Li. "The applicability analysis on runoff simulation using global average monthly evaporation data." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964406.

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4

Pereladova, Larisa V., and Anastasia A. Muromtseva. "WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF THE TOBOL RIVER BASIN DURING THE SUMMER SEPARATE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT LANDSCAPE FEATURES." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-144-146.

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The article discusses the principles of rational water use in the Tobol River basin within the borders of the Russian Federation during the summer low-water runoff, developed as part of landscape-hydrological analysis.
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5

Fomicheva, Nailya Nikolaevna, and Yana Vladimirovna Sokolova. "IMPACT OF SOLID PRECIPITATION RESERVES ON THE SPRING RUNOFF OF THE VYATKA RIVER." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP. April 2023. - Managua (Nicaragua). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230415.2023.50.51.015.

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The article provides data on the hydrological regime of the Vyatka River. Calculations of runoff and moisture reserves in the snow cover were performed by the computational and graphical method. Conclusions are drawn about the relationship of snow reserves and runoff during high water in the closing formation.
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6

Mosier, Thomas M., Kendra V. Sharp, and David F. Hill. "Development of a Water Runoff Model for Pakistan: A tool for Identifying and Assessing Micro-hydro Sites." In 2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2012.35.

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7

Hadid, Baya, Eric Duviella, and Stephane Lecoeuche. "Improvement of a Predictive Data-Driven Model for Rainfall-Runoff Global Characterization of Aa River." In 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2018.8548375.

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8

Xuehua Zhao, Qiang Huang, and Jingping Zhang. "Impact of global climatic change on runoff in the upper reaches of the Yellow River." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987420.

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9

Hassan, Aziz, Franziska Tügel, Ilhan Özgen, Frank Molkenthin, and Reinhard Hinkelmann. "Automatic Calibration of a Shallow Water Model for Rainfall-Runoff Simulations Using Fast Global Optimization." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc25217119202297.

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10

Pereladova, Larisa V. "FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE WATER REGIME AND RUNOFF OF THE BARSUK RIVER." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-161-162.

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The article discusses the conditions for the formation of the water regime and the flow of the small river Barsuk, the basin of which is located in the agricultural zone of the Tyumen region. Based on the analysis of the modern information base, calculations of the morphological, morphometric characteristics of the basin, statistical parameters of the annual river flow were made.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Global runoff"

1

Martin, Torge. Runoff remapping for ocean model forcing. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/sw_2_2021.

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A Pyhton-based toolbox to remap daily runoff fields of the JRA55-do reanalysis (Tsujino et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.07.002) onto any ocean model grid. Runoff from the original global JRA grid is collected and redistributed to a given model coastline. A particular feature is the optional treatment of river mouths: runoff from grid nodes, which is of exceptionally large magnitude after the basic remapping, can be radially spread to ocean nodes farther offshore. The scripts were tested successfully for NEMO ocean model configurations of various resolution (global grids ORCA025 and ORC05 as well as regional nests VIKING10, ORION10, VIKING20X and INALT20X) at GEOMAR, Kiel (see Biastoch et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-37 for an application). General instructions are provided for how to process the original JRA runoff files and also for the optional river mouth treatment. The technique is illustrated by examples of the fragmented coast of Greenland and the Amazon river mouth. While the code is versatile, examples are given for an application with the NEMO ocean model.
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2

Metcalfe, Chris, Lisa Guppy, and Manzoor Qadir. Global Barriers To Improving Water Quality: A Critical Review. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/srlt7852.

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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 sets ambitious targets for improving global water quality prior to 2030. However, in low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), there are significant barriers to improving water quality. Progress towards achieving the SGD 6 targets is unlikely unless there are programmes put in place to address these barriers. In this critical review, we document past experiences that show that interventions within LICs and LMICs to reduce sources of water pollution from industries, municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff have been largely ineffective. We review evidence that improvements to water quality are likely to lag behind advances in other SGD targets in countries with developing economies. Finally, water quality monitoring programmes in many nations are unlikely to be effective because of inadequate frequency and density of measurements, as well as unreasonable expectations regarding the scope of the monitoring programmes . We present some potential solutions to these problems, including setting realistic objectives for monitoring programmes, developing appropriate, lowcost solutions for pollution abatement and focusing on strengthening institutional and regulatory capacity.
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3

LaHatte, W., Ahmad Tavakoly, Sara Lytle, and James Lewis. Mississippi River climate model–based hydrograph projections at the Tarbert Landing location. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47084.

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To better understand and prepare for the possible effects associated with potential climate changes on the lower Mississippi River, the State of Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority sought information on the historical, current, and projected future hydrodynamics of the Mississippi River. To this end, flow duration curves (FDC) for the Tarbert Landing location were generated, based on climate models derived from two of the four scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5), multimodel ensemble representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The global CMIP5 datasets were used by the variable infiltration capacity land surface model to produce a runoff dataset, using a bias-correction spatial disaggregation approach. The runoff datasets were then applied to simulate streamflow using the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID) river routing model. Based on the streamflow, FDCs were calculated for 16 CMIP5 as well as observed historical data at the Tarbert Landing location. Key observations from the results are that the 90th percentile exceedance of the simulated versus the observed flows is more frequent for the RCP 8.5 scenario than for the RCP 4.5 scenario and that the maximum annual flows for the RCP 8.5 scenario are generally smaller than for the RCP 4.5 scenario.
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